Stainless Steel Corrosion by Chloride Ions

7/27/2019 Stainless Steel Corrosion by Chloride Ions

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Stainless steel corrosion by chlorideions ?

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Q. Hello,

We are a small company in France, producing encapsulated raw material forcosmetic industry. We use a stainless steel machine (316SS), and we havehad recent problem of green coloration in our products. We think it could bedue to a previous preparation where we used 10% sodium chloride solutionwhich could have done some corrosion to the stainless steel. Do you think thisis possible (corrosion of stainless steel by NaCl solution at roomtemperature)?

How can we demonstrate that ? We have looked for Ni and Cr ions in theproduct, and we did not find them. Should we look for iron ions ? What couldbe the remedy ? Will passivation with nitric/fluorhydric acids solve the problem?

Thank you very much for your answer. Sincerely

Ren L - PESSAC, FRANCE

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A. 316 SS has excellent corrosion resistance, but it is not impervious torust. Chloride is an excellent rust cause with a little damp air moisture. Afteryour NaCl step, increase your rinsing via sprays (mist) or added tanks. A finalwarm water tank and blow dry step will significantly reduce the corrosion. Theprobable thing that allowed the corrosion to form was trace smearing of ferriciron in the manufacturing step. Nitric acid or nitric acid/chromate will reducethis problem. Hydrofluoric acid is NOT a recommended step. There are somequite good citric acid proprietary products available now that are a lot safer touse.


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James Watts- Navarre, Florida

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A. Rene - I have often seen stainless steel have corrosion because of highchlorine content of the water. Generally, this causes a "white rust" and is verydamaging. It happens frequently in cooling applications where biofouling hasoccurred and the operator throws in a bunch of bleach to kill bacteria andalgae in the recirculating tank. I hope this provides a starting point for yourinvestigation. Good luck

Dan Brewerchemical process supplier - Gurnee, Illinois

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A. You may or may not have corrosion of the stainless steel from thechloride exposure, but I doubt that the green color that you are observing isthe result of such corrosion. Green corrosion will occur on stainless steel onlyunder very specific conditions, and the green is due to segregation ofchromium. If you are not finding Cr or Ni in the green material, this is furtherevidence that the color is not from the SS. Do you have any copper in thesystem?

Pitting corrosion of stainless steel due to chlorides would certainly produce arust-colored product. Passivation can be used to maintain a good corrosionresistant surface of stainless steel process vessel. There are manycommercial products for this purpose. In the pharmaceutical industry, thisprocess is often called "derouging", that is to remove the buildup of ironoxides on the stainless steel process surfaces. I would recommend a

commercial product with technical support from the supplier, rather than ahome-brew passivation treatment.

Inspection of the stainless steel process vessels for pitting corrosion can bevery tricky. The pits are often undercut with only a microscopic opening at thesurface. Look for small spots of red-brown stain on the surface, then probethese spots for a deeper pit under the surface.


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Larry Hankematerials testing laboratory

Minneapolis, Minnesota

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A. First of all, let me confirm that the green products you found areprobably not issued from the stainless steel grade 316. At Tocopilla combined

cycle power station located in the north of Chile, we face a high corrosion rateof our seawater submerged stainless. The problem is in fact the mixing of tounfavorable conditions: seawater and chlorine injection against biologicalfouling.

After 3 months only crevice corrosion appeared on the main cooling waterpumps impellers made of 1.4408 SS grade (a kind of 316). This was due tochloride attack of the SS passive layer leading to a pitting corrosion. Theactive base metal remained therefore unprotected and a standard galvaniccorrosion occurred between the passive layer (nobler metal or cathode) and

the active metal (less noble metal, anode). All this created crevices in theimpeller casings. All corrosion products found were red or brown (rusty).

The conclusion is: if you use SS material in a chloride environment, be sureyou use the adequate grade of SS. Maybe, under certain concentrations,SS316 is not the best grade to fit your requirements. Have a look SS316HMoor SS317 or other grades with high molybdenum content and even withnitrogen content.

Axel L

- Brussels

April 25, 2008


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A. Definitely in 304 stainless steel corrosion takes place by pittingcorrosion caused due to Chloride ions, But its color is reddish brown, It is notgreen. Green color is seen in corrosion of Copper metal. So you must look ifthere is copper.

Abhishek T - Roorkee, India

September 17, 2009

A. Ren L,I have replicated a green color solution with stainless steel by submerging as/s bolt in hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid, HCl). Did you ever clean thestainless with hydrochloric acid containing cleaning products? If so the HClmay have reacted with the stainless and a resulting green color could havebeen the result.

Cliff Kuschelectropolishing shop - North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Q. Hi everyone,

We were using an AISI 316 SS plate heat exchanger to cool 80 C bi-distilledwater (product side) with tap water (service side). After only 5 months of usethe heat exchanger evidences significant holes on the product side due towhat the equipment supplier has determined to be pit corrosion caused by acombination of chloride, high temperatures and stagnant water with air

mixtures.

bi-distilled water: chlorides


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Can low chloride concentrations in the 1 ppm range actually cause this type ofcorrosion? Could the use of Titanium plates solve this problem? How does thesteam thermal and mechanical shock affect the corrosion process? Couldthere be some other mechanism causing corrosion (presence of ozone, etc.)?

Any comment will be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

Jos B - Spain

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Q. Hello

We are about to purchase an RO water treatment system for the dairy. To doso we need to present the required water quality. As we use SS304L for ourpiping and tanks, what would be the maximum ppm of chlorides allowed ?Thanks

Yaron W dairy - Israel

+++

A. To the individual asking about the maximum chlorine concentration foran RO Water System, the answer is essentially zero. The corrosion of the304SS is not the issue, because all RO membranes cannot tolerate even lowconcentrations of chlorine. Activated carbon filters are used to remove anychlorine prior to the RO system. Even slight leakage of chlorine damages themembranes rapidly.

Rick L - Perrysburg, Ohio

February 26, 2009


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Q. I would like to ask in which way stainless steel react with bleach, andafter that what could happen on the surface if in contact with an organicsubstrate? the steel surface become "reactive"?

Mario Rossipharma - Italy

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Q. I would like to ask why stainless steel reacts with bleach? Thank you!

Leung T student - Hong Kong

May 19, 2009

A. This to hopefully answer the question presented by the student fromHong Kong, Mr.Leung T. The question was why stainless steel reacts withbleach?

1. There are over 50 grades of S.S., some are more expensive than others.S.S. that has higher concentrations of molybdenum in it are consideredmarine grade and resist chlorides much better. These grades are expensive.316 is approximately 20 to 30% more expensive that grade 304.2. What concentration is the bleach? Bleach is sodium hypochlorite(NaOCL)In the U.S.A., it can range across various concentrations. Chloroxbleach is typically 12.5% available chlorine or 125,000 ppm chlorine.3. The chloride ion penetrates the chrome oxide layer that protects the metalthen destroys the rest of the metal components.

Hope this helps. Chlorine is a Halogen and there are other such chemicals thespread destruction. fluorine,bromine,iodine. Note: they all have an "...ineending in their name.

Pete Churchill


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Peter W. Churchill- Randolph, Massachusetts

August 27, 2008

Q. Dear Sirs

Concerning chloride action on 316 stainless steel, we are selecting thematerial for water injection pumps; this water contains 2500 ppm chlorides;what would be the appropriate material for this service?

Enrique Londono

Oil - Bogota, Colombia

May 16, 2009

Q. Hello to all,We have been experiencing premature failure of 304 S.S. bolts used in theconstruction of main line gate valves in our water distribution system. Otherburied infrastructure made of mild steel are rendered worthless with a few

years. The problem has been traced to winter road salts (calcium chloride andsodium chloride)that find their way to the valves thru valve extensions, a directroute to the surface and by roadside melt / runoff that leaches to the pipesbelow. We are considering changing our specifications to include the use of316 S.S. in all buried infrastructure with the addition of a topical application(No-Ox-Id) on all bolts prior to installation. In addition, we are strongly in favorof "wrapping" all buried infrastructure. Lab samples (obtained through valveextensions) of groundwater in the immediate vicinity of some valves, haveyielded chloride levels of 3,520 mg/L and a pH of 7.6 We are facing a publicwho demands safe driving conditions in the winter and are paying a hidden

price for this with a reduced life of our infrastructure. We trust that we aretaking the proper response to this problem that impacts all communities thattreat their roads in the winter, for the safety of the driving public.

Peter W. ChurchillWater & Sewer Supt. - Randolph, Massachusetts


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November 21, 2010

Q. We use syringe pumps in our facility with 316SS lapped and polishedbores. DI water or a neutral mineral oil are most often used in the pumps. Iturned to this site to understand if I can use 1-3% NaCl brine in the mirrorfinished pumps without damage. It seems risky. What do you think, can I livewith 1 or 2% NaCl w/o causing pitting to the pump bore at relatively lowtemperature?

However, while reading responses there seems to be general confusionbetween chlorine, chlorite, and chlorides. Please understand that these arenot the same!. Chlorides are part of dissolved salt or seawater and will notdamage RO membranes used for water purification. On the other hand, hypo-chlorites release the very oxidative element chlorine which will destroy manypolymers - maybe those found in RO membranes. Thank you

robert schlemmer- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

October 6, 2011

Q. Hi everyone,I had a problem with our Stainless steel hand washing sink table.The environment where it is placed is closed and very smelly because ofchlorine that they used in the area although it is not contact with the product.The stand of the sink table and other part of it corroded. My initial finding isthat it is because of the fumes and chlorine atoms may build up on the surfaceof the stainless steel thus corroding the sink table. Is my finding correct? anyanswer please thanks


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IS 202 MORE CORROSION RESISTANT THAN 304?

RECHIE MAGHARIproduct specialist and researcher - Davao City, Philippines

October 6, 2011

A. Hi, Rechie.

Chlorine is a gas, not a liquid. The gas evolves from bleach solutions.Hydrochloric acid is a gas dissolved in a liquid. So, although no bleach or acidmay have splashed on it, the chlorine is still there to attack the stainless steel.

Regards,


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Ted Mooney, P.E. RETfinishing.com

Brick, New Jersey

October 27, 2011

Q. Hi,

This is a follow up of my earlier question.The hand-washing sink we use isactually grade 304 stainless steel. The 304 SS stains due to the chlorinatedwater (calcium hypochlorite of 400 ppm) fumes that dominate the area.

What is the recommended chlorine present in water to not corrode the steelbecause of its fumes?Thank you so much

Best regards,Rechie

Rechie Maghari- Davo City, Philippines

October 10, 2011

Q. Hi every oneWe had a problem in water piping. we have a lot of chloride in water and weuse stainless steel 304 in a part of piping. after 5 years, we observe pitting.which type of steel we can use?thank you

Forough Demployee - Iran

December 22, 2011


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Q. Can I use 304 stainless steel needle valves in chlorine gas? Will therebe a corrosion problem or not?

Hessam Lohrasbi- Iran

March 9, 2012

Q. Hi all,

I would like to know procedures to retrieve sample (rust) from a stainless steeltank. The rust is in moist form.

Perhaps cotton bud or glass rod?

Jeaseanjore Ng- Singapore

March 16, 2012

Q. Hello sirs,I want to know which of the following materials: 316L SS, 1.4408 SS, and

Alloy 20 should I use for storage of sulfuric acid.

Thank you

Ubong Etukudo- Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

June 5, 2012

Q. We are a manufacturer of autopsy equipment. We recently providedsink stations in 316 stainless steel which are developing rust and pit marks.


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you.Thanks again.. :)

Avanti Bannore- Pune, Maharashtra,India

December 26, 2012

Q. Hi

I wish to use Butterfly valves in chlorine solution pipeline service (3500 ppmmax.) Material of disc of the valve used is SS316.

I was reading about oitting of SS316.

What are long term and short term affects of chlorine on SS316 valves... andany graphical documentary evidence or photographs are available for thesame?

Await for a reply.

Thanks in advance.

Neil Pereira- Mumbai, India

^- Privately contact this inquirer-^

January 22, 2013

A. Neil,Chloride solutions are always rough on stainless. 316 is the best you can

have for this short of duplex. Even so, keep an eye on it and repassivate themas needed. This can be done safely and easily with citric acid based products.

Ray KremerStellar Solutions, Inc.

McHenry, Illinois
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April 20, 2013

Q. We have Rinse tank made out of SS304 material on pre-treatment line.Tank was filled with water for conducting trials. After two months we foundmany holes on the bottom side of tank especially where Mild Steel stiffener iswelded from out side of the tank. See finishing.com/3200-3399/3354-1.pdfWe checked the water in the tank and found that chlorides as Cl 450 ppm inthe water. Corroded area looks like rusty colour.Can anybody suggest how to repair this tank? We are separately takingmeasures to reduce the chlorides in the water.

Umesh Phadke

- Pune, Maharashtra, India^- Privately contact this inquirer-^

April 24, 2013

A. If you weld ordinary SS T304, you will get carbide precipitation in grainboundaries at the weld area, and corrosion resistance will be lost. Use type304L (low carbon) for all welded parts. In the presence of chlorides, use

T316L.

Jeffrey Holmes, CEF

- Spartanburg, South Carolina

May 29, 2013
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Q. I wish to store a Mild Solution (About 1%) of Sodium Hypochlorite in aS.S. 316 Q Tank.

Will it be safe ?

Is there any chances of corrosive of S.S. 316 Q Metal.

Shirish Ramanlal Gandhi- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

^- Privately contact this inquirer-^

June 10, 2013

A. Shirish,I don't have any hard data that's applicable, but given 316 and the lowconcentration you plan to use, I think you will be okay for the the most part.However it would not surprise me if there was at least a little bit of corrosionwithin a year or so.

Ray Kremer

Stellar Solutions, Inc.McHenry, Illinois
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Please let us know which type of Corrosion test (Chloride Stress Corrosion Test / Sulphide Stress Corrosion

Test / IGC Test/ Pitting corrosion Test / Salt Spray Test) is required by you. We do all these tests and some of

them are long duration test. We can always start the test within ONE weeks of receipt of sample and

completion would depend on stipulated duration of test. Therefore please give us details of tests required by

you. As far as SEM is concerned, we can give you analysis in ONE weeks time. Please indicate locations and

details of analysis required so that we could give you precise quotation.

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Can you comment upon the corrosion levels in the Arabian Sea?

TCR has strong experience in looking at marine corrosion in Arabian Sea. We have observed strong levels of

corrosion on different types of stainless steels and copper parts that are part of shipping or offshore refinery.

There are certain tests to verify the cause whether it is due to problem in your material or due to external

cause. We can also find extent of damage and give you recommendations for remedies. We have seen MIC

(microbiological Induced corrosion), and corrosion due to sour gas. We will need the actual samples send to

our laboratory. Once the samples and any associated related data is with us we will provide you the quotation

and actual time frame for the investigation.

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Can you undertake corrosion test for a steel plate and SEM (Scanning

Electron Microscope) test?

Please let us know which type of Corrosion test (Chloride Stress Corrosion Test / Sulphide Stress Corrosion

Test / IGC Test/ Pitting corrosion Test / Salt Spray Test) is required by you. We do all these tests and some of

them are long duration test. We can always start the test within ONE week of receipt of sample and completion

would depend on stipulated duration of test. Therefore please give us details of tests required by you. As far as

SEM is concerned, we can give you analysis in ONE weeks time. Please indicate locations and details ofanalysis required so that we could give you precise quotation.

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Can you check our flatware to see if they are 430 (18 / 0 ) stainless steel

or not, our customers complain about our flatware getting easily rusty?

Indeed, AT TCR, we are fully equipped and experienced people to guide you in respect of the problem of

rusting of your flatwares. In fact, composition testing is the first test we will undertake. We would also

recommend verifying what grade of stainless steel your item is. After establishing its grade (430 / 304 etc) and

if you find grade is not what you needed, your problem is over. But if you find that grade is OK as per yourrequirements and since your flatware is rusting, you would need to check its microstructure examination which

also is possible at our end. The cost of Composition Test is US $12 per sample and Microexamination is US

$15 per sample. In addition 12.24% Service Tax is also applicable.

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Can TCR undertake Chloride and Sulphide SCC tests?
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We are pleased to inform you that TCR can undertake these tests. For CSCC test we will need a sample of 40

x 200mm two samples of 20 x 200mm. For SSCC Test we will need a sample of dimension 15 x 100mm.

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Can you conduct Acetic Acid- Salt Spray (fog) testing as per ASTM-

B287-80 on M.S. Pipes?

We do have a Salt Spray Chamber and therefore we feel that there should be no problem in conducting this

test. We normally carryout Salt Spray Test with 5% NaCl solution or as stated in ASTM-B287-80 the solution

should have its Ph adjusted to 3.2 by Acetic Acid. We propse to have an observation interval of 24 hours each

for a total of the 96 hours duration test. We would need about one weeks time to complete the job depending

on prior commitments for salt spray chamber.

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We would like to know whether you can perform LPR corrosion testing.

At TCR, we do not undertake LPR Corrosion testing, as we do not have the requisite facilities.

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Can you conduct Sulphur dioxide corrosion testing in a saturated

atmosphere?

We do carry out sulphide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced cracking tests as per NACE

specifications. We feel that we should be able to carry out test under the atmosphere of saturated SO2.

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Can you test our propeller shafts for Salt Spray Test as per ASTM B

117?

We do have salt spray test facility, and maximum length we can test is 500mm. Our charges are Rs. 1,500/- for

1st day and Rs. 1,000/- for each additional day. 10.2% Service Tax shall also be applicable.

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Can you conduct NACE TM 0177-1996 Method B ( Four Point Bend

Test)?

TCR can conduct the NACE TM 0177-1996 Method B (Four Point Bend Test) test. Please give us your design

pressure, Max. content of H2S, Max content of CO2 , and Duration. The cost of testing will depend on cost of

gas mixture.

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Please quote for HIC test on plate samples to NACE Standard TM0284-

2003 on material of grade ASTM A516-70?

TCR Engineering Services, India is pleased to inform you that we can undertake Hydrogen Induced Cracking

(HIC) test as per NACE TM0284-2003 specification and our charges for preparation of test specimen

(machining) and testing shall be US $ 496 per sample. This includes the mandatory 12.24% Service Tax. If anythird party inspection such as BV, LRS, ABS, TUV etc is also required, their charges will be extra. Sample size

should be 150 x 150 x t mm Thk.

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What tests are required on ASTM A 216 Grade WCB material (DIN 1.0619

Casting) to have NACE MR 0175 & Sour Service requirement?

Please note that for NACE Sour Gas application, you need material (A 216 WCB) with very low (less than

0.002%) Sulphur contents. If your material is extra low sulphur then it may pass HIC & SSCC test requirements

of NACE. Please enquire with your client his exact acceptance criterion for HIC & SSCC test. AT TCR

Engineering services material testing laboratory in Mumbai, India we routinely conduct HIC and SSCC tests for

clients. To conduct these tests please send us 3 test bars of about 250mm length.

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Can you let us know about the sample sizes and time to completion for

the HIC test?

To conduct the Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) Test, as per NACE TM0284, TCR Engineering Services

requires the following sample sizes:

Plate - 150mm x150mm with rolling direction marked on itIf the plate is more than 80mm think - 250mm x 250 mm sample size is required

Pipe - upto 2" OD - 200mm long

If the pipe is more than 2" OD pipe - 100mm long sample size is required

Bars - Upto 3" dia - 300mm long

If the Bars are more than 3" dia to 5" dia - 200mm long sample size is required

If the Bars are more than 5" dia - 100mm long sample size is required

Number of pieces to be tested upto 80mm thick/dia - set of 3 pieces to be tested

Number of pieces to be tested more than 80mm thick/dia - 5 pieces to be tested

Time for completion of the test - 2 weeks

You should send your samples to:

TCR Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd.

Attn: Sample Receipt

35 Pragati Industrial Estate,

N. M Joshi Marg, Lower Parel

Mumbai - 400 011, Maharashtra, India
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At the corrosion testing department at TCR Engineering Services in Navi Mumbai, India, we can take up to 12

specimens for SSCC Test at 24C (720 hours) and 4 specimens for SSCC Test at 90C and 16 bar pressure

(720 hours). We can also carry out SSCC Test as per NACE TM 0177 with 4 point bend specimen for 500

hours. We can always increase our capacity in case your requirement is higher.

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By what standards do you do Corrosion Testing?

A wide variety of corrosion related tests can be undertaken at TCR Engineering Services in India to determine

weight loss corrosion, inter-granular attack (ASTM A262 A-F), pitting corrosion, Chloride Stress Corrosion,

sulfide stress cracking, and hydrogen-induced cracking. We also undertake Salt Spray Test as per ASTM

B117, Pitting Corrosion test as per ASTM G48, Ammonia Vapor Test and Corrosion tests as per ASTM A761

Specification. Our Sour Service Corrosion Testing department undertakes Small Scale Tests and Full Ring

Testing for SSCC (NACE TM 0177, EFC 16 and 17) and HIC (NACE TM 0284 as per both solution A and B).

We can also undertake "C" Ring and 4 point bend tests. The range of instruments available to undertake these

tests in unrivalled in our operating region. Highly experienced and qualified engineers routinely undertake

corrosion studies within the Group.

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What are your charges for SSCC NACE TM 0177?

The charges at TCR Engineering for Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSCC) Test as per NACE TM0177 are

as follows:

- 24 Celsius & ATM Pressure is US $600.00

- 90 Celsius & 16 Bar pressure is US $2500.00

Do note that the Government in India mandates us to add a 12.24% service tax to all invoices. The rates above

are inclusive of machining charges.

The sample size of required for this test is Pipe - 160mm long pieces irrespective of diameter, cut strip of 16mm

width. We can accommodate all your 8-20 samples at the same time for NACE TM 0177 Solution A (acidified).

We will have capacity to do this at anytime you prefer.

TCR Engineering issues a written report for each test, or group of tests performed. This report includes a

description of the test sample that was received and of the test procedure that was used, the pH values of the

test solution before and after the exposure, the results of the hardness test performed on the test specimen and

a statement declaring the results of each test.

TCR Engineering Services will require 6 weeks to complete the SSCC test. If your number of samples

increases, do let us know (at least 2 weeks in advance) and we can then make arrangements to accommodate

40 samples at the same time.

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What are your charges to perform NACE TM 0284 tests?

For your reference our charges for NACE TM0284 Test is as follows:
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- Material less than 88mm Thickness / diameter US $500.00

- Material greater than 88mm Thickness / diameter US $700.00

The rates above are inclusive of machining charges.

If sending material for NACE TM0284 then we will require your pipe to be sent as follows:

upto 2" OD - 200mm longIf the pipe is more than 2" OD pipe - 100mm long sample size is required

TCR Engineering issues a detailed written report upon completion of each test. Each report includes a

description of the test sample that was received, the test procedure that was used, and the pH values of the

test solution before exposure and after the exposure. The test bars are cut into sections and examined under a

microscope for hydrogen-induced cracks. The dimensions of any such cracks are recorded and used to

compute the values in percentage for Crack Length Ratio (CLR), Crack Thickness Ratio (CTR) and Crack

Sensitivity Ratio (CSR).

For NACE TM 0284, Turnaround time for the testing will depend on your number of samples. Typically for 4

samples of up to 20mm in thickness, we will take 2 weeks to complete this test.

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What are the sample size requirements for undertaking both NACE MR

0175 and NACE TM0284 together?

Our sample size requirement for undertaking both NACE MR0175 and NACE TM0284 together in each sample

is as follows:

Pipe

====

- If your pipe is upto 1" (inch) NB, then we require a sample of 20 inches in length

- If the pipe is more than 1" NB and less than 8" NB, then we require a sample size of 12 inches in length

- If the pipe is more than 8" NB, we will require a sample size of 5 inches in length

Plate

=====

We will require a sample of 8" X 8" with the rolling direction clearly marked on it

Bar

===

If your sample is a bar, please let me know and I will give you the appropriate sample sizing details.

Turnaround time for the testing will depend on your number of samples. Typically for 4 samples of up to 20mm

in thickness, we will take 2 weeks to complete this test. We look forward to receiving your samples at any time

including the 4th quarter as indicated by you. Please let us know the number of samples expected so that

appropriate arrangements can be made at our end to accommodate a large request.

The cost for testing will be as follows:

For NACE MR0175 including material specification (Mechanical and Full chemical properties) - US $60 per

sample.
http://www.tcreng.com/faq/faq.php?s=16http://www.tcreng.com/faq/faq.php?s=16http://www.tcreng.com/faq/faq.php?s=16


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- Guided Bend Test

- Charpy Impact Test of PM

- Charpy Impact Test of WELD

- Micro examination

- Hardness Test

- Bond Bend Test (A265)

- Bond Efficiency Shear Test (A 265)- Pitting Corrosion Test (G 48 Method A)

- Crevice Corrosion Test (G 48 Method B)

- Inter granular Corrosion Test (A262 Pr C)

- Chloride Stress Corrosion Test

- SSCC Test at 24 C

- SSCC Test at 90 C

- SSCC Test at 120 C

- Ferrite Content Test as per ASTM A 562

- Ferrite Content Test by magnaguage


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http://svcrystalblues.blogspot.com.au/2013/06/stainless-steel-isnt.html

Sunday, 16 June 2013

When Stainless Steel Isn't

On any sea going boat corrosion is a constant companion, but a dangerous one. Like a sore tooth, it

will flare up sometimes with no warning. We use grade 316 stainless steel fasteners whenever we

can, to reduce the impact of corrosion, however every now and then we are reminded how even the

316 has its problems - namely crevice corrosion.

When removing the old Onan generator a while back, we found one bolt head sheared completely (a

real knuckle skinner !) as it was loosened. On bolts like this the thread is usually roll formed, while

the head is forged, a process called "rolling and heading". Its a cold formed process, and it can

clearly lead to problems, specially if sea water collects where the metal is deformed and stressed.

316L stainless steel in an oxygen deprived environment can and willcorrode. Fortunately this bolt

didn't cost a lot to replace, but in the past we've had to replace an entire propeller shaft due to

crevice corrosion.

Labels:Cruising,Maintenance,Onan,Refit

Posted bySV Crystal Blues at12:57
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2 comments:

1.

wingssail17 June 2013 21:24

It is scary but true that all the stainless parts on the boat are subject to this type of corrosion, especiallyfabricated or machined parts. We had a backstay chainplate fail catastrophically while sailing. We keptthe rig up thankfully, but finally we've now done the hard job of having all the chainplates replaced orrenewed. This is recommended for any yacht over 10-15 years of age.

Reply

2.

Kentuckie-fai23 June 2013 20:59

Hi Neil n Ley, my pleasure to meet you guys up in weld quay restaurant just now, I must say you've gota wonderful life n boat too! Will follow your blog from time to time, looking forward to have a short visitto your beautiful yatch n perhaps I will bring you guys for a fire flies watch in nibong tebal, Penang(mainland)

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Documents

Stainless Steel Corrosion by Chloride Ions