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Stages of ReadingComprehension
Lesson
Nur Arif Bin KamalNor Azizi Bin Abd Rahman
Muhammad Yazid Bin Ghazali
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Pre-reading
To prepare students for reading.
Pre-reading activities are most important at lower levels of
language proficiency and at earlier stages of reading
instruction.
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During pre-reading teacher may:
Assess students' background knowledge of the topic and
linguistic
content of the text.
Give students the background knowledge necessary for
comprehension of the text, or activate the existing knowledge
that
the students possess.
Make students aware of the type of text they will be reading
and
the purpose(s) for reading.
Provide opportunities for group or collaborative work and for
class
discussion activities.
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Sample pre-reading activities
Using the title, subtitles, and divisions within the text to
predict content and organization or sequence of information.
Looking at pictures, maps, diagrams, or graphs and their
captions.
Talking about the author's background, writing style, and
usualtopics.
Skimming to find the theme or main idea and eliciting
related
prior knowledge.
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While-reading
Making predictions: The readers should be taught to be on
the watch to predict what is going to happen next in the
text
to be able to integrate and combine what has come with what
is to come.
Making selections: Readers who are more proficient
readselectively, continually making decisions about their
reading.
Integrating prior knowledge: The schemata that have been
activated in the pre-reading section should be called upon
to
facilitate comprehension.
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Skipping insignificant parts: A good reader will concentrate
on
significant pieces of information while skipping
insignificant
pieces. Re-reading: Readers should be encouraged to become
sensitive to the effect of reading on their comprehension.
Making use of context or guessing: Readers should not be
encouraged to define and understand every single unknown
word in a text. Instead they should learn to make use of
context to guess the meaning of unknown words.
.
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Post-reading
Post-Reading activities encourage student to reflect upon
what they have read.
For the information to stay with the students, they need to
go
beyond simply reading it to using it.
Using it can involve answering questions, summarizing mainideas,
drawing conclusions, or applying the information to a
new situation.
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Sample Post-reading Activities
Discussing the text: Written/Oral
Summarizing: Written/Oral
Making questions: Written/Oral
Answering questions: Written/Oral
Filling in forms and charts
Writing reading logs
Completing a text
Listening to or reading other related materials
Role-playing
