Stages of Child Development1

8/12/2019 Stages of Child Development1

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Group 2 :NOORUL HUSNA

MEGAT MUHAMMAD KHUDRI DARUS

NUR FARAHIYAH MOHD O

NUR SYAHIRAH ABD

NURUL FARASYIKIEN


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Gross Motor Skills

Fine Motor Skills


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Motor skills are motions carried out when the brain, nervouand muscles work together.

Gross motor skillsare the bigger movementssuch as runnjumpingthat use the large muscles in the arms, legs, torsofeet.

Fine motor skillsare small movementssuch as grabbing s

with your thumb and forefingerthat use the small musclefingers, toes, wrists, lips, and tongue.


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DevelopmentChart


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0-3 MONTHSHands most often remain closed

has grasp reflex (grasps objectsinvoluntarily if placed in palm)

2-4 MONTHSreaches for ("swipes at") objectsinaccurately


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3-3 1/2 MONTHSclasps hands together often

3 1/2- 4 MONTHSbegins purposeful, visually directed

reaching


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3-7 MONTHScan hold small objects in hand

4-8 MONTHScan transfer objects from one

hand to the other

can pick up cube/medium

sized object easily


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4-10 MONTHSdevelops accurate forward and sidereach

5-9 MONTHS"rakes" or "scoops" small objects to pickthem up (i.e. using fingers/palm/wholehand to scoop up Cheerios, raisins etc.)


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7-9 MONTHSintentionally able to drop/release

objects (get ready for the "watch-

me-drop-this-watch-mommy/

daddy-pick-it-up-AGAIN" game!)

7-12 MONTHS

able to pick up small objects using

thumb and finger/fingers


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10 MONTHSpokes and/or points with

index finger

12-18 MONTHSholds crayon with whole

hand, thumb up


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2 YEARS

holds crayon with thumb and all fingers,forearm turned so thumb is pointing

down, puts on shoes, socks, and shorts;

takes off shoes and socks, can use a

spoon by himself, keeping it upright can

draw and copy a vertical line

2 1/2- 3 YEARSstrings large beads, snips paper with scissors,rolls clay/playdoh into "snakes, can draw

and copy a horizontal line


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3-3 1/2 YEARSable to complete simple puzzles, can build a tower of nine sor more, can get himself dressed/undressed independently; help with buttons; still confuses

front/back for clothes, and right/left for shoes, can feed himlittle or no spilling, drinks from a cup/glass with one hand


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3 1/2- 4 YEARScan pour his own drink from a pitcher if not too heavy, cansmall pegs into small holes, able to string small beads, can pencil with a "tripod grasp" (3 fingers), but moves

forearm and wrist to write/draw/color


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4-4 1/2 YEARScan use scissors to follow and cut both straight and curvedmanage buttons, zippers, and snaps completely, can drawcopy a cross (one vertical and one horizontal intersecting


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4 1/2- 5 YEARScan hold fork using his fingers, can feed himself soup with lispilling, folds paper in half, making sure the edges meet pua lock and opens it


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5 YEARScan get dressed completely by himself, and usually tie shocuts square, triangle, circle, and simple pictures with scissoknife to spread food items (jelly, peanut butter, mayo etc.)dull knife to cut soft foods; able to draw and copy a diagouses a "tripod grasp" on writing utensils (thumb & tips of 1st fingers) and uses fingers only (because small muscles of ha

developed) to write/draw/color


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5 1/2- 6 YEARScan build a five block "bridge; sufficient bilateral handcoordination to cut out complex pictures, accurately followoutline; able to copy a sequence of letters or numbers cor


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6 YEARSable to complete complex puzzles


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Pom poms Buttons Paperclips

Clothespins Rubber bands Tweezers


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Pipe cleaners Straws Play dough

Bolts and nuts

Stickers Hole pun


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Toothpicks

Baskets and

colanders

Kitchen tongsSyringes andbasters


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http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materialpromoting-fine-motor-skills/

May refer to this website for more activities and details:
http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/


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Begins with fertilization until birth

Usually takes 38 to 40 weeks

Can be divided into 3 periods:

- The germinal period

- The embryonic period

- The fetal period


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The germinal period

Takes place during the first two weeks


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The embryonic period

Begins from 2nd(blastocyst attach to uterine wall) weeks

Called as embryo

Rate of cell differentiation is very rapid

Formation of organs (Organogenesis)


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The prenatal development also can be divided into

period which called as trimester:

First trimester (first 3 months)


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Second trimester (middle 3 months)


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Third trimester (last 3 months)


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Begins after birth until 2 years old

Generally follow 2 patterns:- Cephalocaudal pattern: the sequenwhich the fastest growth always occurs at t(head). The physical growth gradually wfrom top to bottom.

- Proximodistal pattern: the growthsequence that start at the center of t

body and move towards the extremities


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Newborns can see only about 8 to 15 inches away

1 or 2 months old : baby will have learned to focueyes and will be able to track a moving object lefright.

2 months old - 4 months old : color differences wilbecome clearer to baby.

5-month : spotting very small items.

8 months : recognize people and objects across th


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Months Gross Motor Development Fine Motor Development

Weight: 7 to 8 pounds 0-1 Largely reflex The eyes fixated on the person

Length: 19 to 21 inches Keeps hands fisted

Able to follow object to midline

Vital sign: 2 Holds heads up when prone Development of social smile

T - 37.5 C Response to familar voices

P - 120 - 240 bpm 3 Holds heads and chest up when prone The baby knows how to cry

R - 30 - 60 /min Laughs aloud

BP - 80/40 mmHg Babbles

Follow object past midline

4 Grasp Can raise head and chest

Stepping Teething

Tonic neck Reach out to objectReflexes are fading

5 Turn front to back Roll over

Has head lag when pull upright Hold block at each hand

Bears partial weight on feet when pull upright

6 Turn both way Double birth weight

Eruption of 1st tooth

Sits with minimal support


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7 Reaches out in anticipation of being picked up "dada", "mama"

Sits unsteadily sleep on prone position

Uses finger to hold object

Transfer object from hand to hand

8 Sits securely without support Sits alone steadily for an indefinite period

Recognize strangers

Peek-a-boo (to test memory)

9 Crepes or crawls Can hold own bottle

Start to crawl

Understand simple gesture

10 Pull self to stand From crawling to stand

Response when call by his name

11 From crawling to stand walks with assistance

12 Stand alone Triple birth weight

Some infant takes the 1st step Can say 2 syllable words

Can walk with help

An infant gains 15 Walks alone well Put small pellet into small bottle

about 5 to 6 lbs Can seat self in chair scribble voluntary

Holds a spoon

Prominent abdomen 18 Can run and jump in place

-belly Can walk up and down stairs with assistance No longer rotate the spoon to bring it to mouth

24 Walks up stairs alone Can open doors by turning doorknob

Unsrew lids


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Physical developme

of child


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The percentage of increase inheight and weight decreaseswith each additional year.

(Darrah, Maggil-Evans, 2009)

This due to

as influence

Girls have more fatty tissueBoys have more muscletissue

Growth pind(Burns &

Girl slightly smaller and

lighter than the boys.

A review of the height andweight of children around the

world concluded that twoimportant contributors to

height differences are ethnicorigin and nutrition.(Meredith, 1978)


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Source : Wikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_height


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Average 2-3inches a year.

8 years old :Average both

gender 4 feet 2inches tall

Middle and laterchildhood-gainabout 5 to 7

pounds a year.

The average8-year-old girl and

boy weigh 56pounds.

(National CenterHealth Statistics,

2000)

Muscle strength

increase adecreases

late ch

(Hockenber20


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Physical developme

of adolescence


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Rapid physical maturation involving hormonaland bodily changes.

The features and proportions of the bodychange as the individual becomes capable ofreproducing.

Puberty might begin as early as 10 years ofage or as late as 13 for boys might endas early as 13 years or as late as 17 years.


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Judith Blakemoreand her

colleagues (2009,p.58) recently

described

Occur before 8years of age in

girls and before 9years of age in

boys.

10 times moreoften in girl

than in boys.


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Medline Plus.

Puberty : . Pubic, armpit and leg hair begin

growing in around age 9 or 10.

Girls begin to develop breasts asearly as the age of 8, and their

full breast size is reachedbetween the ages of 12 and 18.

The average age for a girl toexperience her first menstrualperiod is 12.5.

Breast & hip growth (fonly).


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A growth spurt is also commonis early adolescent boys, usuallyoccurring around the age of 14.

A boy may grow 4.1 inchestaller in one year.

Boys also gain weight rapidly

during this stage - an increasein muscle mass.voice deepens due to growth of

the male larynx muscles (males)

The earliest age for prelated changes in bo9, when a boy's testicscrotum and penis main size.

growth, along with th

emergence of pubic, lfacial and armpit hairA boy may also begin

nocturnal emissions odreams" during earlyadolescence.

Virginia Cooperative Extension.

R f
http://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.html


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References

http://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-pdevelopment.html

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-developmemiddle-childhood.html

http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-developearly-adolescence/

http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-develop

ages/
http://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.html


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Stages of Child Development1