Stages in Process Writing

STUDY AND THINKING SKILLS

OBJECTIVES • Describe each stage of the writing

process.• Demonstrate each stage of the writing

process.• Develop the confidence to write

forceful paragraphs.

STAGES IN THE PROCESS OF WRITING

1.Pre-writing2.Writing3.Post-writing

PRE-WRITING STAGE1. FREE WRITING• For five minutes, write whatever that comes to your mind on a subject or a topic of your that you have picked.• Just write, do not mind your spelling, grammar, punctuation, etc.• Let your ideas flow. •Write freely.

2. Brainstorming• “Interviewing yourself about a subject.• Have a peer interview you about topics, which

you may jot down, or record for you gather information.

Example: Brainstorming about clothes

Clothes Clothes shopping What kind of clothes? (work, sports, sports team, etc.) Who else wears uniforms? What is casual clothes? When you do wear tee shirts?

3. Journal Writing• A notebook/website where your experiences, reactions, observations

are written down. • May also contain clippings, passages, sayings, articles, pictures of

anything that you may find interesting. • A good way to practice writing.

Example:

I went to the mall yesterday to look for some good shoes. What a crowd! Some big sale was going on and the stores were packed. Everybody was pushing and shoving. I just left. I’ll go when it’s not so crowded. I hate buying clothes and shoes. Wish I could just wear jeans and tee shirts all the time. But even then, the jeans have to have the right label, or you’re looked down on. There are status labels on tee shirts too. Not to mention expensive athletic shoes.

"I've reached the point where I hardly care whether I live or die. The world will keep on turning without me, and I can't do anything to change events anyway. I'll just let matters take their course and concentrate on studying and hope that everything will be all right in the end."- February 3, 1944

"It’s a wonder I haven’t abandoned all my ideals, they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart. It’s utterly impossible for me to build my life on a foundation of chaos, suffering and death. I see the world being slowly transformed into a wilderness, I hear the approaching thunder that, one day, will destroy us too, I feel the suffering of millions. And yet, when I look up at the sky, I somehow feel that everything will change for the better, that this cruelty too shall end, that peace and tranquility will return once more"- July 15, 1944

WRITING STAGE• Examine your ideas and begin to

focus on a main idea. • Follow the proper structure of

paragraph writing: 1.Topic sentence2.Supporting details3.Concluding sentence.

WRITING STAGE• Purpose

-sets the direction in writing.• Audience

- to whom the written material is addressed.

• Point of view -position by which the writer looks at its subject.

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as it was minted twenty three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts suits. Astronauts wear gold plated heat shields for protection outside spaceships. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but also for its utility.

Hi! What’s up? Hope you're not into some kind of trouble again. Anyway, I've just met this guy in class who I think will interest you. His name is Teddy something. He’s the kind of guy who's so engrossed with his life, or with his life to be more specific. Pathetic isn't it? I mean here’s a guy who thinks he’s gonna be a famous singer 10 years from now with all these broads screaming for a piece of him. Geez! And he was like saying that if he had all the resources and power in the world, he’d promote world peace or something. Get real! I mean, yeah right! Problem with people nowadays is that they think that there’s something worth living for and it would do them good if they helped mankind. Well, that goes to show that they are still far from where they are now, huh? I guess that’s it. Keep in touch!

Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning do not always have the same emotional meaning. For example, the words stingy and frugal both mean “careful with money.” However, to call a person stingy is an insult, while the word frugal has a much more positive connotation. Similarly, a person who wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pushy. Therefore, you should be careful in choosing words because many so called synonyms are not really synonyms at all.

I was trying to get home through a badly flooding streets and I was horrified because I could see many cars stalled along the way. But went on anyway hoping my car could get through the fast rising waters. I passed stranded cars and I could see that the owners had just left on the sidewalk. The streets were dark and I don’t know where I was. I was only following others cars and ended up with them in a dead-end street, I was beginning to feel that I would never reach home.

POST WRITING STAGE 1. Critically reading the paragraph bearing in mind

the three qualities of an effective paragraph:• Unity• Coherence• Emphasis

2. Revision- checking the ideas flow and content, the writer may also add details or make some changes in the structure and order of the supporting paragraphs.

3. Edit- adjusting diction (choice of words), proper grammar, punctuation, and appropriate transitional words.

PEER EDITING CHECKLIST:A.Organization and Content:

Topic sentence: Is there a clear topic sentence? Does it have a controlling idea?

Supporting sentences:Is the main idea clear? Does the writer needs to add more details to explain it? Does the paragraph need an example? Are there transitions? Are they appropriately used?

Concluding sentence: Is there a concluding sentence? Does it begin with an end-of-paragraph signal?

B. Sentence Structure: are there any unclear sentences?

Can you suggest a way to improve them? C. Grammar and Mechanics:

are there any grammatical errors? Is it readable and neatly written? D. Vocabulary:

are the words simple and understandable? Is it appropriately used?

Qualities of a Good Paragraph STUDY AND THINKING SKILLS

OBJECTIVE: 1. Describe the qualities of an effective paragraph.2. Use cohesive devices in sentences and paragraphs.3. Improve paragraphs for unity, coherence, emphasis,

and order.4. Sequence details to achieve order. 5. Write an effective paragraph.6. Assess one’s strength and weaknesses in writing an

effective paragraph.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD PARAGRAPH:1. Unity • Utilizing the topic sentence to guide the writer in paragraph

writing. • Applying your knowledge in outlining your draft.

2.Coherence• Ideas in the paragraph flows smoothly. • Can be possible by using: Transitional devices and directing

the readers attention back to words or ideas previously mentioned in the paragraph.

3. Emphasis• Highlighting the important ideas.

4. Time and Chronological order• Transitional devices to explain a process or tell a story.