Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab1.1. senator Romanussenator Romanus2.2. magnificamagnifica3.3. NuceriamNuceriam4.4. NuceriniNucerini5.5. inimiciinimici6.6. saepesaepe7.7. turbulentiturbulenti8.8. spectaculumspectaculum9.9. splendidumsplendidum10.10. ediditedidit11.11. diem natalemdiem natalem12.12. celebrabatcelebrabat13.13. civescives

1.1. Roman SenatorRoman Senator2.2. magnificentmagnificent3.3. Nuceria Nuceria 4.4. people of Nuceriapeople of Nuceria5.5. enemiesenemies6.6. oftenoften7.7. rowdy, disordely rowdy, disordely 8.8. show, spectacleshow, spectacle9.9. splendidsplendid10.10. presentedpresented11.11. birthdaybirthday12.12. was celebratingwas celebrating13.13. citizenscitizens

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab14.14. complebantcomplebant15.15. nuntiabantnuntiabant16.16. vigintiviginti17.17. retiariiretiarii18.18. murmillonesmurmillones19.19. bestiariibestiarii20.20. bestiasbestias21.21. quam celerrimequam celerrime22.22. hihi23.23. vehementervehementer24.24. tacuerunttacuerunt

14.14. were fillingwere filling15.15. were announcingwere announcing16.16. twentytwenty17.17. net-fightersnet-fighters18.18. heavily armed heavily armed

gladiatorsgladiators19.19. beast-fightersbeast-fighters20.20. wild animals, beastswild animals, beasts21.21. as quickly as possibleas quickly as possible22.22. thesethese23.23. loudly, violentlyloudly, violently24.24. fell silentfell silent

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

25.25. tubatuba26.26. sonuitsonuit27.27. pugnam pugnam

commiseruntcommiserunt28.28. victoresvictores29.29. expeditiexpediti30.30. evitaveruntevitaverunt31.31. ignaviignavi32.32. callidicallidi33.33. decipiuntdecipiunt

34.34. frustrafrustra

25.25. trumpettrumpet26.26. soundedsounded27.27. began the fightbegan the fight

28.28. victors, winnersvictors, winners29.29. lightly armedlightly armed30.30. avoidedavoided31.31. cowards cowards 32.32. clever, smartclever, smart33.33. are deceiving, are deceiving,

are trickingare tricking

34.34. in vainin vain

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

35.35. provocaveruntprovocaverunt36.36. unusunus37.37. gravitergraviter38.38. vulneraveruntvulneraverunt39.39. alterumalterum40.40. hichic41.41. missionemmissionem42.42. mortemmortem43.43. pollicem vertitpollicem vertit44.44. deditdeditEndEnd

35.35. challengedchallenged36.36. oneone37.37. seriouslyseriously38.38. woundedwounded39.39. the second, the the second, the

otherother40.40. thisthis41.41. releaserelease42.42. deathdeath43.43. turned his thumb upturned his thumb up44.44. gavegave

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

45.45. interfeceruntinterfecerunt

46.46. iterumiterum

47.47. cervicervi

48.48. esuriebantesuriebant

49.49. retinetretinet

50.50. hunchunc

51.51. trestres

52.52. audacissimeaudacissime

53.53. recubueruntrecubuerunt

54.54. obdormiveruntobdormiverunt

45.45. killedkilled

46.46. againagain

47.47. deerdeer

48.48. were hungrywere hungry

49.49. is holding backis holding back

50.50. thisthis

51.51. threethree

52.52. very boldlyvery boldly

53.53. lay downlay down

54.54. went to sleepwent to sleep

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

55.55. iratissimiiratissimi56.56. ridiculumridiculum57.57. edebatedebat58.58. fugiebantfugiebant59.59. suossuos60.60. destrinxeruntdestrinxerunt61.61. attonitusattonitus62.62. trististristis63.63. pedempedem64.64. ostenditostendit

55.55. very angryvery angry56.56. ridiculous, sillyridiculous, silly57.57. was presentingwas presenting58.58. began to run away, began to run away,

began to fleebegan to flee59.59. theirtheir60.60. drewdrew61.61. astonishedastonished62.62. sadsad63.63. foot, pawfoot, paw64.64. showedshowed

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

65.65. spinamspinam66.66. doletdolet67.67. benignusbenignus68.68. fremuitfremuit69.69. exclamavitexclamavit70.70. adiuvoadiuvo71.71. hochoc72.72. extraxitextraxit73.73. posteapostea74.74. comprehenderuntcomprehenderunt75.75. ChristianusChristianus

65.65. thornthorn66.66. hurtshurts67.67. kindkind68.68. roaredroared69.69. shoutedshouted70.70. helphelp71.71. thisthis72.72. pulled outpulled out73.73. afterwardsafterwards74.74. arrestedarrested75.75. ChristianChristian

Stage 8 VocabStage 8 Vocab

76.76.olfecitolfecit

77.77.lambebatlambebat

78.78.agnovitagnovit

79.79.ad salutemad salutem

76.76.smelled, smelled, sniffedsniffed

77.77.began to lickbegan to lick

78.78.recognizedrecognized

79.79.to safetyto safety

Stage 8 GrammarStage 8 GrammarFrom Stage 2 onwards you have translated From Stage 2 onwards you have translated

sentences like these:sentences like these:

• amicus puellam salutat.

• dominus servum vituperabat.

• The friend greets the girl.

• The master was cursing the slave.

In each of these examples, the person who has something done to him or her

is indicated in Latin by the ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR.

In Stage 8 you In Stage 8 you will be will be

introduced to introduced to the:the:

ACCUSATIVE ACCUSATIVE PLURALPLURAL

Take a look at the following Take a look at the following sentencessentences

• amicus puellas salutat.

• dominus servos vituperabat.

• The friend greets the girls.

• The master was cursing the slaves.

In each of these examples, the person who has something

done to him or her is indicated in Latin by the

ACCUSATIVE PLURAL.

You have now learned the following You have now learned the following cases:cases:

First Declension

Second Declension

Third Declension

Singular

Nominative

puella

tuba

servus

libertus

mercator

victor

Singular Accusative

puellam

tubam

servum

libertum

mercatorem

victorem

Plural Nominative

puellae

tubae

servi

liberti

mercatores

victores

Plural Accusative

puellas

tubas

servos

libertos

mercatores

victores

Practice #1Practice #1

agricola gladiatorem laudavit.

The farmer praised the gladiator.

agricola gladiatores laudavit.

The farmer praised the gladiators.

Practice #2Practice #2

servus agricolam interfecit.

The slave killed the farmer.

servus agricolas interfecit.

The slave killed the farmers.

Practice #3Practice #3

puer actores ad theatrum duxit.

The boy led the actores to the theatre.

centurio servos laudavit.

The centurion praised the slaves.

Practice #3Practice #3

senex actorem ad forum duxit.

The old man led the actor to the forum

amicus fabulas narravit.

The friend told stories.

Practice #4Practice #4

amici ancillam salutaverunt

The friends greeted the slave girl.

agricolae nuntios audiverunt.

The farmers heard the messengers.

Stage 8 Grammar Part IIStage 8 Grammar Part II

Look at the following sentences:

• Pompeiani erant irati.

• The Pompeians were angry.

• gladiator est notus

• The gladiator is famous.

• mater erat laeta.

• The mother was happy.

SuperlativesSuperlatives

Look at the following sentences:

• Pompeiani erant iratissimi.

• The Pompeians were very angry.

• gladiator est notissimus.

• The gladiator is very famous.

• mater erat laetissima.

• The mother was very happy.

There are some irregular There are some irregular superlativessuperlatives

• mons est pulcher.

• The mountain is beautiful.

• mons Vesuvius est pulcherrimus.

• Mount Vesuvius is very beautiful.

Further ExamplesFurther Examples

• mercator est tristis.

• canis erat ferox.

• senex est tristissimus.• leo erat ferocissimus.