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St. Francis SchoolSt. Francis School
Model UnitedNations 2018
Model UnitedNations 2018
Disarmament and International Security CommitteeBackground Guide
Imagine a world with peace where nuclear states use nuclear energy for the purpose of development and not for making weapons of mass destruction, leading to illicit trade of these weapons to non‑state actors for a huge amount of money. The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty is a treaty which puts on the limits and conditions on the states with nuclear power so that world peace is not far from us in the future. NPT or the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty is a treaty which was signed in the year 1968 and entered into force in the year 1970. This treaty helped the UN to define strict rules and laws on the countries of the world community so that the dreadful use of nuclear weapons, seen in World War 2, can under no circumstances enacted in future. Many countries have ratified this treaty while there are yet a handful of them yet to sign and ratify the same, which works for the betterment of the world in the field of nuclear energy and nuclear development.
The Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty Stands on three pillars: 1.To prevent non nuclear nations from creating or developing nuclear arms2.To disarm the any form of nuclear weapons with the help of the member nations3.Making sure that nuclear energy is used for the development of nuclear technology as a form of energy.
The nations are classified in two categories:1.Nuclear weapon states and,2.Non nuclear weapon states.
Under the functioning of the NPT all the countries have the rights to use their nuclear weapons in peaceful purposes especially for development for the developing nations. India, Pakistan, Israel, South Sudan have not signed this treaty. North Korea (DPRK) witnessed a withdrawal from this treaty in the year 2003. India detonated five nuclear devices in May 1998 and Pakistan responded by testing six of them, later that month. Iran has been suspiciously ambiguous about its nuclear holdings. With all of this said, what would be the condition of the people if all the nations in the world accumulate nuclear weapons?
List of topics to be deliberated upon1. Transparency in ArmamentsThere should be transparency in the holdings of ammunition a country maintains as it helps in
creating diplomacy between different countries. There is a sense of stability for the UN as a whole, if they are given the fact that the arms and ammunition index of the said country is not significantly increasing; which may not result in the probability of a war. It was not made compulsory for the member nations to make sure that their nations’ weapon index is required to be transparent but the UN encourages them to release their weapon indices to the UN and to the world in regular intervals for gaining the trust of member nations and to create a bridge of diplomacy between nations.
2. Nuclear DisarmamentThis term is the key in the entire treaty. The world knows for a fact that the destruction caused by Nuclear Weapons during the 2nd World war left a battle scarred mark on the entire world. Since then the UN has tried its best to reduce the rate of nuclear accumulation in the member countries so that the chances of a World War III is minimum. Bringing a total end to nuclear weapons is a hectic and a long process, which will take years of hard work with the same magnitude of help from each member nation to bring it down. The World Community as a whole should be looking forward to at least 90% of nuclear disarmament in the fore coming future and making sure the 10% remain is kept for self defence puposes.
3. Weapons of Mass DestructionThis topic has 3 major categories of weapons: i. Nuclear weapons (deemed to be the most dreadful ones), ii. Biological weapons, and iii. Chemical weapons. Biochemical weapons were used during the Vietnam War (1955) as a replacement of nuclear weapons and the impact is of the same magnitude. There was total destruction in the nutrition of the Vietnam soil for many years. Such types of weapons cannot be used as an alternative source for nuclear weapons in the defence of the member nations.
DISEC Background Guide 1
4.Relationship Between Disarmament and Development In the resolution 65/52 drafted on December 8, 2010; the general assembly (GA) had requested the UN and the Secretary General to strengthen the power of the GA in this field. The general assembly wanted the member nations to reduce their collection of arms so that the gap between the developed nations and developing nations depreciates as the years go by. This was hard to implement by the GA on the world community. We need to make sure that world peace is attained. We still cannot measure the success of this mandate as it still remains to be vague and the actual reports cannot be found. The GA believes that when the member nations focus on the development of their nations and the developing ones the world could be a better place in no time. The GA wants the nations to spend money more on development terms, than on the accumulation of arms. 5. Illicit trade in small arms, light weapons, and nuclear arms Illicit trade has drastically increased in recent ages, where countries fund other countries illegally, or supply arms to non state actors. For example, China was said to be supplying nuclear arms to a non state actor group in Pakistan a few years ago, the Venezuelan Government and the Mexican Government sell small arms and light weapons to different parts of the world through the USA links and markets. In this situation nations cannot blame each other or the ones who have ignited this frenzy, rather work on possible solutions in the tightening of security all over. By means of security, we mean sensible use of resources, not by radical means, like the decision of the president of USA, in creating a wall between Mexico and USA. It undeniably is a huge waste of resources. Nations like Pakistan shouldn’t support their own non state actors by providing them weapons and causing chaos in the world, destroying it’s peace. 6. Nuclear Weapons Free Zones Article VII of the NPT states that “Nothing in this treaty affects the right of any group of states to conclude regional treaties in order to assure the total absence of nuclear weapons in their respective territories.” The General assembly follows this statement as stated, allowing the member nations to take up the decision of making their territories a nuclear free zone. Many treaties like the treaty of Tate Loco, Treaty of Rarotonga, Treaty of Bangkok,and etc., are in effect with respect to the above mentioned. A regular analysis of these areas is kept, making sure that they remain as nuclear free zones and weapons of mass destruction are not accumulated.
The Current Scenario 1. Singapore Summit The Singapore Summit held on June 12, 2018 witnessed the US president Donald Trump met the North Korean Dictator Kim Jong‑Un in Singapore. The summit resulted in the North Korean Dictator committing to the US president a complete ‘Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula’. This summit was first of its kind. USA has committed to provide security guarantees to the DPRK. Will the DPRK leader keep up to his word? Will he just let go of his agenda, keeping in mind the world peace, considering it to be a decision which none of his forefathers agreed to? Is it a hint to the world that the DPRK is now ready for globalisation? How is USA going to make sure that this has happened? The questions remain un‑ answered. 2. The Indo Pak War The intense of rivalry between these two nations has always been up to the brim no matter what situation named. India has been giving warning notes to Pakistan to stop creating disturbances on the borders and in Kashmir. 3. The Syrian Civil War The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi‑sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al‑Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government and each other in varying combinations.The unrest in Syria, part of a wider wave of the 2011 Arab Spring protests, grew out of discontent with the Assad government and escalated to an armed conflict after protests calling for his removal were violently suppressed.The war is being fought by several factions: the Syrian government and its international allies, a loose alliance of Sunni Arab rebel groups (including the Free Syrian Army), the majority‑Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Salafi jihadist groups (including al‑Nusra Front) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), with a number of countries in the region and beyond being either directly involved or providing support to one or another faction. Iran, Russia and Hezbollah support the Syrian government militarily, with Russia conducting air operations since September 2015. The U.S.‑led international coalition, established in 2014 with the declared purpose of countering ISIL, has conducted airstrikes against ISIL as well as against government and pro‑government targets.
DISEC Background Guide 2
Turkey, on the other hand, has become deeply involved since 2016, actively supporting the Syrian opposition and occupying large swathes of northwestern Syria. International organizations have accused the Syrian government, ISIL, opposition rebel groups, and the U.S.‑led coalition of severe human rights violations and of massacres.The conflict has caused a major refugee crisis. Over the course of the war, a number of peace initiatives have been launched, including the March 2017 Geneva peace talks on Syria led by the United Nations, but fighting continues. With the Syrian War being not just a economic and social issue, but also a humanitarian crisi, the real question is what is the solution? 4. Iran has threatened to withdraw from the treaty on the non‑proliferation of nuclear weapons in the clearest indication of how it will react should Donald Trump pull the US out of the 2015 nuclear deal. QARMA: 1. Nation's stance in the agenda 2. Security checking procedures to be followed in order to keep a check on exports 3. Precautions to be taken to abide by the treaty 4. Protection of a country without nuclear weapons Chairperson: Mahantesh Kumar Vice Chairperson: Berlin Joy
DISEC Background Guide 3