SSH1a. Locate where the Native Americans settled with emphasis on Inuit(Arctic Region), Kwakiutl(Northwest region), Nez Perce(Plateau Region), Hopi(Southwest region), Pawnee(Plains region), Seminole(Southeastern region)

SS4H1b. Describe how the Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter.

SS4G2a. Explain why each of the Native American groups occupied the areas they did, with emphasis on why some developed permanent villages and others did not.

Inuit (Arctic), Kwakiutl(Pacific Northwest), Nez Perce(Plateau), Hopi(Southwest),

Pawnee(Plains), Seminole(Southeastern)

Scientists believe that the first people to come to North America may have come across a frozen bridge of land that once connected Asia and Alaska. They were called Paleo-Indians. Native Americans moved around to find food. They hunted fished, and gathered fruit and nuts.

The Inuit settled in the Arctic ,what is now Alaska and Northern Canada. The temperature is below freezing almost all year!

Cold Climate-Snow and ice covered the land.

Snow packed Igloo

Shelter made from caribouskin

Shelter made fromwood

Arctic Foxes

Whales Seals

Polar bears Snow shoe haresWalrusesCaribou

The Inuits used whale to make household utensils such as soup bowls, large water buckets, and other storage

containers. Many of these items are made with a wooden bottom grooved to make a tight fitting spill-proof

container.

The Inuits are known for whaling. Inuits consume a dietOf Beluga and Baleen Whale. Eating whale is part of the Inuit

The Inuit ClothingThe Inuit used every part of the animal that they hunted. Their clothing was made from polar bear skin, caribou skin, seal skin, animal fur, and feathers. They even made clothing from trees.

Northwest stretches from Alaska to Northern California

The Kwakiutl tribe settled in Washington State, Oregon, and Northern California. They depended on the sea, rivers, and forests for their way of life. Rainy and mild climate

They lived in plank houses.

The Kwakiutl built large homes from cedar trees and then decorated them with carvings and paint.

Fish(Salmon) Sea otter

berries

Plant rootsseaweed

Clams and oysters

sealswhales

Sea birds

The Kwakiutl made their clothing from the bark of a cedar tree.The bark was shredded to make skirts, aprons , waterproof capes, and hats.

The Plateau is between the Cascade and the Rocky Mountains.

Nez Perce lived in settled villages of earth houses. They made these homes by digging an underground room, then building a wooden frame over it and covering the frame with earth, cedar bark, and tule mats. There were two styles of Nez Perce earth houses: oval-shaped longhouses, which could be as long as 150 feet, and smaller round houses. Dozens of families lived together in a longhouse, while only one family lived in a round house.

Once the Nez Perce began hunting the buffalo, they began to use tipis

deer bear

goatsalmon

berries

plants

Cedar bark dress

Deer skin jacket

Beaver Skin Cape

Grass LeggingsDeer Skin Dress Rabbit fur Poncho

Grass SkirtLeather Pants

Deerskin Moccasins

Deerskin moccasins and leggings manta

shirt, pants, wovenfrom wool (sheep),skirts for women,leggings

This land is dry with grasslands and no trees.

A lodge is a home that the Pawnee tribe made using bark, earth and grass. The lodges protected them from cold and story weather.

Teepee from buffalo

In the Spring and Fall, the Pawnee stayed in their villages and raised crops such as corn,squash, and beans.

In the summer and winter they hunted buffalo on the Plains.

The Pawnee clothing was made mostly from buffalo skins. Clothing was decorated with glass beads, locks of hair, or feathers.

Buffalo Robe

Buffalo Moccasin

Clothing made from buffalo skins:leggings, loin cloth, belt, buffalo robes, skirts for women, necklaces

The Seminole people lived in houses called chickees. Seminole chickees were made of wood(palmetto trees) and plaster, and the roofs were thatched with palmetto fiber. The Seminole villages(30 families) were built along rivers and streams.

Originally, the Seminoles lived in large villages of chickees arranged around a town square with central buildings in it, like a meeting hall and a sports field.

They also began building their houses on wooden stilts that raised the floor two or three feet off the ground. This protected their homes from flooding and swamp animals.

corn melonbeans

fish deer

turkey

Turban for men- very colorful, Skirts for women- shirt with cape, many beaded necklaces, sandals