SSA and Piracy Defence

8/9/2019 SSA and Piracy Defence

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SSP and Piracy Defense


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TableofContents

1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 2

2. ShipSecurityPlan............................................................................................ 2

3. PassingthroughtheGulfofAden..................................................................... 33.1. Stayoffthecoastandtravelatfullspeed ........................................................ ........................... 3

3.2. Merchantvesselvoluntaryreportingscheme .......................................................................... 33.3. StayAlert........... ............................................................. ............................................................. .............. 33.4. WatchKeeping.......... ............................................................. ............................................................. .... 43.5. Preplanning ..................................................... ............................................................. .......................... 43.6. Accesscontrol ................................................... ............................................................ .......................... 43.7. SecurityDuties................... ............................................................. ........................................................ 43.8. DefensiveEquipment...................................... ............................................................. ........................ 53.9. KeepWaterHosesPressurised ........................................................ ............................................... 5

3.10. CreatingaCitadel.................................................... ............................................................ ................ 53.11. TrainingandExercises ................................................... ............................................................ ...... 5

4. Conclusion....................................................................................................... 6

5. Bibliography .................................................................................................... 6


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1.IntroductionTheneedforshipsecurityhasbeentheresinceattacksonshipsoccurred.Butitwasfirstinthelastcenturythatgovernments,inthelightoftherecentterroristattacksandkidnappings,likeAchilloLauro,developedashipsecuritycode.9/11thenforcedthegovernmentstotightenedupsecuritybyimplementingseveralsecuritysystemsandplansliketheshipsecurityplan(SSP),whichIwillexplain

indetail.AlsothelevelofpiracyattacksaroundtheGulfofAdenhassignificantlyincreased over the last three years. To prevent such an attack from being

successful, I will come up with several simple defensive measurements topreventsuchanattackfrombeingsuccessful.Asamainsourcetodescribehowtopreventanattack,IusedSurvivingaPiracyAttack.

2.ShipSecurityPlanThepurposeoftheSSPistopreventattacksonbothshipandcrew.Acomplete

SSPwouldbetoolong,whichiswhyIveshortenedit.MostofashipsecurityplanisconfidentialandcanonlybeaccessedbytheMaster,ChiefEng.andthefirstofficer,topreventthatpossibleweakpointsintheshipsdefenceplandont

becomepublic.TheSSOshouldperformperiodicreviewoftheSSPtoverifythatitisstilleffective.ThemastershouldreviewtheSSPatleastonceayear,togetherwith SMS. Drills and exercises should ensure that shipboard personnel are

proficientinallassignedsecuritydutiesatallsecuritylevels.Internalauditoftheshipshouldalsobeconductedatleastonceayear.Trainingistheresponsibility

f h SSO


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When a security breach occurs, the SSO should report this incident to the

Administration, Contracting Government and the CSO. Most ships today areequipped with GMDSS to communicate with the authorities in case of anincident.AllrecordsrelatedtotheSSPmustbekeptonboardforatleast2years.

3.PassingthroughtheGulfofAden3.1.StayoffthecoastandtravelatfullspeedVesselsintheareaoftheHornofAfricaareadvisedtostayasfaroffthecoastaspossible,and tosailasfastasit ispracticalandsafe.TheCSOshouldbrieftheSSOastherouteandtacticstobeemployedduringthetransit.Thekeyistoplanawisetransit,andcertainlytoavoidcuttingthecornersaroundSomalia.Therehave been established a westbound and an eastbound lane to improve safetravel.Alsosailinginconvoys,asduringtheworldwarshasbeenreinstated.

3.2.MerchantvesselvoluntaryreportingschemeTheUKMaritimeTradeOperationsinDubaioperatescloselycoalitionforcestoprovidesupport toall shipspassing throughthisarea.Theyhavedevelopeda

simple reporting scheme tohelp the coalition keeping track of vessels in thearea.Theinitialreportshouldcontainthefollowing:

Shipname Callsign Fl


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3.4.WatchKeepingThe look out should be briefed on what to expect, and how important it is.Attackerswillcomefast,inverysmallcraft,whichmaybehardtospotbyradar,which should be adjusted to target small vessels. But it is unlikely that they

attack,ifthewavelevelisabove5.Additionalwatchesonthesternorcoveringradarblindspotsshouldbeconsidered.

Iftargetsarespotted,movingathighspeedconvergingwiththevesselthenitseemsthatanattackmaybeimminent,andappropriateactionshouldbetaken.

Apromptandactiveresponsecanpreventanattack,andcancertainlylimitthepirateschancesofsuccessfulboarding.2

3.5.PreplanningPriortotransitoftheareayoushouldprepareanareaontheshipwherecrewcanbegatheredandcontainedincasetheattackissuccessful.Thebestplaceforthiswouldbethebar/saloon/TVroom.Makesure,thattheareaisequippedwithblankets,medical supplies, foodandwater. That can contribute toyour safety

andmakethekidnappingmorecomfortable.Also,preparingthecrew,especiallyinexperiencedcadetsforthephysicalstresscanpreventposttraumaticstress.

3.6.AccesscontrolAll access should be controlled and limited, and watch keepers on thewheelhouse,enginecontrolroomanddeckshouldbefullybriefedastotheriskofanattackandtheexpectedresponse.Decksshouldbemonitoredregularlyand

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Somalipirates knowntoprefer day lightraids. Shipswith large, travellingat

highspeed can avoidanattackmoreeasily,whileshipswitha low freeboard,travelling at low speedaremorevulnerable.Sinssmallcrewsare particularlyvulnerable, companies should think about assigning a security detachment totheir ships, like it already has been done on several ships. Nevertheless,everyoneshouldbeawareoftheirsecurityroleanddutiestheyhavetofulfil.

3.8.DefensiveEquipmentManyvesselsareequippedwithdefensiveequipmenttopreventanattack.The

crewmustbetrainedonthisequipment.Thoseinclude:

LRAD WaterCannon Peppersprays SmokeBombs

You should also take inconsideration that the crew,operating thosesystems,

shouldcarryPPE,suchasbodyarmour.Althoughyou find itoftenonships, itcouldsavelives.

3.9.KeepWaterHosesPressurisedFirehoseshaveproventobeveryeffectivewhenitcomestokeeppiratesfromboarding.Theyshouldbemountedatthestern,sinceitisthelowestpointontheship.Itisimportantthatthecrewretainsomeflexibilityandfreedomtoeasily

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personnel should ensure they understand their duties, and of the means of

fulfillingthem.4

4.ConclusionThe purpose of the SSP is to give ship and crew the possibility to protectthemselves from an attack. The plan has to contain several procedures toprepareandtrainthecrewandhowtheyhavetoactthroughouttheattack.The

planhastobeupdatedinregularintervalstomaximizeitsefficiency.Mostoftheplanisconfidentialtopreventexposingweaknessesinit.TheSSOandtheCSOareresponsibleforfindingandeliminatethose.TheISPScodedetermineswhatatleasthastodoneandwhohastobeinformed.Italsodeterminesthelevelsofsecurityanddistributesresponsibility.TheSSPcancometousewhentheshipistransitingtheGulfofAden.Thecrewhastotakedefensivemeasurementstopreventpiratesfromboarding.Oncetheyareonboardtheyhavetobekeptoutoftheaccommodation.Everyminutethey

canbeholdof,themilitarywillbecloser.Thecrewmustalsobepreparedtowhattheyshalldoiftheyaretakenhostage.Communication with both authorities/military and crew is the key tosuccessfullyreducetheriskfortheshipatanytimeandplace.

5.Bibliography( ) d d


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Asset SecurityLevel1 SecurityLevel2 SecurityLevel3

Handlingofcargo routine checking of cargo,cargo transport units andcargo storage areas within the

port facility prior to, andduring, cargo handling

operations;

checks to ensure that cargoentering the port facility

matches the delivery note or

equivalent cargodocumentation;

searches of vehicles checking of seals and other

methods used to preventtampering upon entering the

port facility and upon storagewithin the port facility.

Checking of cargo may beaccomplished by some or all

of the following means:

visual and physical

examination;

using scanning/detectionequipment, mechanicaldevices, or dogs.

detailed checking of cargo,cargo transport units andcargo storage areas within

the port facility; intensified checks, as

appropriate, to ensure that

only the documented cargo

enters the port facility, is

temporarily stored there and

then loaded onto the ship;

intensified searches ofvehicles

increased frequency anddetail in checking of sealsand other methods used to

prevent tampering. Detailed checking of cargo

may be accomplished by

some or all of the following

means:

- increasing the frequency anddetail of checking of cargo,

cargo transport units and

cargo storage areas withinthe port facility (visual andphysical examination);

- increasing the frequency of

restriction or suspension ofcargo movements oroperations within all, or part,

of the port facility or specificships

verifying the inventory ofdangerous goods and

hazardous substances held

within the port facility and

their location.


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the use of scanning/detectionequipment,

- mechanical devices, or dogs- coordinating enhanced

security measures with theshipper or other responsible

- party in addition to anestablished agreement and

procedures.

Deliveryofshipsstores checking of ships stores; advance notification as to

composition of load, driver

details and vehicle

registration; searching the deliveryvehicle.

Checking of ships stores maybe accomplished by some orall of the following means:

- visual and physicalexamination;

- using scanning/detectionequipment, mechanical

devices or dogs.

detailed checking of shipsstores;

detailed searches of thedelivery vehicles;

co-ordination with shippersonnel to check the order

against the delivery noteprior to entry to the port

facility; escorting the delivery vehicle

within the port facility. Detailed checking of ships

stores may be accomplishedby some or all of the

following means:

- increasing the frequency anddetail of searches of deliveryvehicles;

At MARSEC Level 3, the portfacility should comply with the

instructions issued by those

responding to the security

incident or threat thereof. TheFSP should detail the security

measures which could be takenby the port facility, in close co-

operation with those respondingand the ships at the port facility

which may include preparationfor restriction, or suspension, of

the delivery of ships storeswithin all, or part, of the port

facility.


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- increasing the use ofscanning/detection

equipment, mechanicaldevices, or dogs;

- restricting, or prohibiting,entry of stores that will not

leave the port facility within

a specified period.

Handlingunaccompaniedbaggage

At MARSEC Level 1, the FSPshould establish the security

measures to beapplied when handling

unaccompanied baggage toensure that unaccompanied

baggage is screened or searched

up to and including 100 percent,

which may

include use of x-ray screening.

At MARSEC Level 2, the FSPshould establish the additional

security measuresto be applied when handling

unaccompanied baggage whichshould include 100

percent x-ray screening of all

unaccompanied baggage.

subjecting such baggage tomore extensive screening, for

example x-raying it from atleast two different angles;

preparations for restriction orsuspension of handling or

unaccompanied baggage;

refusal to acceptunaccompanied baggage into

the port facility.

Accesstotheship checkingtheidentityofallpersonsseekingtoboard

theshipandconfirming

theirreasonsfordoingsobychecking,forexample,

joininginstructions,

passengertickets,boardingpasses,workordersetc;

inliaisonwiththeportfacilitytheshipshould

assigningadditionalpersonneltopatroldeck

areasduringsilenthoursto

deterunauthorizedaccess; limitingthenumberof

accesspointstotheship,

identifyingthosetobeclosedandthemeansof

adequatelysecuringthem; deterringwatersideaccess

limitingaccesstoasingle,controlled,accesspoint;

grantingaccessonlytothoserespondingtothe

securityincidentorthreat

thereof;

directionsofpersonsonboard;

suspensionofembarkationordisembarkation;


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ensurethatdesignated

secureareasareestablishedinwhichinspectionsand

searchingofpersons,

baggage(includingcarryonitems),personaleffects,

vehiclesandtheircontents

cantakeplace; inliaisonwiththeport

facilitytheshipshould

ensurethatvehicles

destinedtobeloadedon

boardcarcarriers,roroandotherpassengerships

aresubjectedtosearchpriortoloading,inaccordancewiththe

frequencyrequiredinthe

SSP;

segregatingcheckedpersonsandtheirpersonal

effectsfromunchecked

personsandtheirpersonal

effects; segregatingembarkingfrom

disembarkingpassengers; identificationofaccess

pointsthatshouldbe

securedorattendedto

totheship,including,for

example,inliaisonwiththeportfacility,provisionof

boatpatrols;

establishingarestrictedareaontheshoresideoftheship,incloseco

operationwiththeport

facility; increasingthefrequency

anddetailofsearchesof

persons,personaleffects,

andvehiclesbeing

embarkedorloadedonto

theship; escortingvisitorsonthe

ship; providingadditional

specificsecuritybriefings

toallshippersonnelonany

identifiedthreats,re

emphasisingtheproceduresforreporting

suspiciouspersons,objects,

oractivitiesandthe

stressingtheneedforincreasedvigilance;

carryingoutafullorpartialsearchoftheship.

suspensionofcargohandlingoperations,

deliveriesetc;

evacuationoftheship; movementoftheship; preparingforafullor

partialsearchoftheship.


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SSA and Piracy Defence