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~It-picklnq Is not the way ~o keep tabs
TITLE ! Ni t- pickinA I.s not the way to keep tabs COIllNBNT: AOTHOR( S J:JAKE DISTklBUTIO~: S'l-ARC SUBCOLLECT I ON: CLERK:JAKE
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JAKfi 26-FER-73 10:05
MESSAGE : r am su~Xerln~ from a virulent case ot 'tubulation con~u8um' and need a p rn~ ra m ~or recovery. Dlanp Kuye ha s been tryjn Ato exterminate TAB hugs s ince Sell tember (and p robably tlefore); however, the bUi(s are stitl biting me (u.s of 2- 23-73 ) ( Mee- -FeJnl e r, UCSB-MQD75 , COMPUTER J, a nd ( can see no alterna tiv e lit this poi nt but to remove al l the tebs :from nay files (almost 200 rtisc paHes o~ t ext ). To do this I u.m askln ~ that a user pro~ram he wrItten that can do the to llo .. lng : Locate the spot at ~hich a tub character was generated; locate the corrcspondins tabstop; sub tract the number 0.1 characters occurin~ betWeen thi s tab8top and the p recedln~ onc 1rom 8 (or whatever tile p ro per lncrement IS) , ond substitute a oumber of sp~ces equal t o tho remainder .. (I lcftvethe refineHients or a more sophist icated approach up to the pros rammer. )
It would olso be very nice t o have a program -that would substitute a tab charuct~r 10r any str ing ot three or more spaces 90 1bat somet ime in tile future when tebs are really REALLY fixed, I could pu t back the little bU~Aers.
How ~bou t It somebody . bU.RIl:Y
ANYBODY The disease Is drIvJng me
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J AXE 26-FEIJ-73 1 0 : 05 Nlt-p1ckIn~ 1s not the way to keep t abs
(JL47 45 ) 26-FE B-7 3 1 0 : 05 ; T1tLe : Author(s): Pei nl e r, Ft l zabeth J . ( Jake) / JAKE ; DIs tri bu tion: I SR l-ARC ; Sub- Co ll ec ti o n s: SR I- ARC ; Clerk : JAK E Orl lZ ln: (FBINLER>T,4.SSNOTE . NLS ; 6 , 23- FFn-7 3 17:14 JA KE ;
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JCN 24- FEB-73 ~ : 2 1
Note ~o Hlll Bethke r@ A~W Paper
Bill: Thi~ is a copy of a not e I se nt to you Frlduy ni g ht .it h the Au~mented Kno~ledH~ Wo rkshop ppper in the US mull. The pa pe r i s ~ocated online in dru£t £orm In (norton)cpaper the t~tcst v e r sion.
l474 6
JCN 24-PEB-7 3 9 :21 14746 Note to Bill Bethke re AKW Paper
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(NORTON)B ILLB.NLS ;l, 23 -F EB-7 3 J 9 :1 4 •• eN ;
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JCN 24- FEB-73 9 : 21 14740 Note to Bill Bethke re AKW Paper
S ill Be thke: 2J - FEB-73 19 : 22 I.
He r e is 8 COllY of the En ge lbart/ Wa t Hon/ No rt o n paper 00 The Auvmen ted K nowled~e Works hop. 1al
'Ie tried to Aet it to you today via. the A_RPANET and a pro~ raM called SENDPR I NT , hut thIngs didn 't fa ll ~ogether. Tom Lawrence will try to have a SENDPR l NT copy ( pri nt ed on your secretury ' s ty pewriter) t o you Monday AM. Hut in case aomethin ~ s lows tl,at u p , herp I s ft g ood old US Na il copy . 16 2
7hls is s tIL L a DHAFT t but in VER Y l a st minute s tag eR .
We ~ ay add to or r eo r der the r efe rences and do some minor erl ltln jr; . Wp don't expec t t o make a ny sl g nl :f i cant cha nges
la3
in content. Id4
'f e p lan to send the £ 1nol copy t. o you ear ly next week. I ' .. n ot Bure fro .. what I'v e heard What th e absolute deadlIne I s , but we' re try)n " to oc t as :fast os poss I ble . l aS
If the ti_i n A o:ffers any reul th r eat , please c~ll. 1.6
Tha.nks .for your patience . l a7
Jim Norton , ARC 10.7 a.
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JCN 24- FEB-73 9 : 2 1 Note to Bill Bethke rc AK W Paper
(J1 4746 ) 24- FEB-739:21; Tit!>!: Author(s): Norlon , James C . !JCN ; DistrIbut ion: / WPB DCE RWW DLS ; sub-Col lections : SR r-A RC ; C l erk: JC N;
14746
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J EW 26 -FEB-73 13 :17 \lhl:l't Network Stat istLcs Do We Have CUrren tty?
1'&\11-- I ' m responctLn M to a UCLA questionnaire (see -- 14415,) ~bout Network software , and one of th~ questions aSked is what, I~ any, statlstJcs do we have about the e~fect o~ the Net upon our system (e . g, S CPU devoted to the Net). Would you point me at whatever in~o we have in this area? Thanks . --Jim
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14747
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JFW 26 - FER-7 3 13:17 i 414 7 What Netwo rk S tuti stics Do We Have CUrren tly?
) (J1 4747 ) 26 -F EB-1 3 1 3 : 17; Tit l e: Auth or( s ): Whi te, James E . (Ji m ) /JEW; Dis tribution: / p r Sub- Col l ec tions: SR t-A RC ; C l e rk: J EW ; e ri a in: (WHITE> STATREQ .. N-L S ; 2 , 26-FEB-73 I :') : 1S J EW ;
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JPB 2b- FEB- 7J 11:1 3 1474 8 A saltlpte measll8e
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JPB 26 - FEB-73 11: 1 3 1474 8 A s61l1p Lc IneBsase
(J1414 8 ) 26 -F EB-1 3 11:1 3 ; Title: Author(s ): B~rde nt John p . /JP B ; OistributLou : / DVN (our host ) MAR(6l~o 6 writer); sUb-Collect Lons: NJC ; C lerk: JPH ;
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A sample Wess 8 Se f r om Ba r de n
I Just dis tributed a null f il e . haven1t anythJns t o soy _
JPB 26- FP.B-73 11:22 14749
So here is the message : r I
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J PO 26- 11£8-7 3 11: 22 14749 A sample MessaQe £ro~ Bu r den
(J1 4749 ) 26 -F EB-73 Jl: 22 ; Title: Author ( s ): Ba r de n, John P e /JP B ; D i stributio n: / NAR(BBN ); S u b - Cotlections: N r C ; c tel'k: .IPS;
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SOL 26-FEB--'73 20: 22
New TENEX USER ' S GUiDES have arrived. If you want to see a Smokey h .... s sOllie In his o:f1'lce.
_ill order one for you. it you want to have a copy ,
copy KFB
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14750
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(J1 4 7 5 0) 2 6-FE B-7320 : 22 ; Author( s ): Lee , S us a n Dlatrlbu~lon: / s rj-ar c ; S ub-Coll ec tions : SR I-A RC;
26- FEB-73 20:22 l47 50
R ~ / SR L ; C lerk: KI RK;
MAR 2 6-PEB-73 it:1l 14151 sa~p le journal session
~l1I S 1S A SAWPLE MESSAGF
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WAR 26- FEB-73 11:11 t475t sample Journal sessio n
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(Jl475 tJ 26-F EB-73 It: 1 t; Tit Le: Au thor( s ): Rou r ke t .. o.ry Ann I MAR; Ilistr.lbutloo: IW NS2; SUb- Collec tion s : NrC ; CLe rk: MAil;
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NBY 26-PEB-73 11:l4 14752 sample Journal session
thala a sample mSp ~or eJ on nls 1
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WHY 26- FEB-73 11 :1 4 14752 s~mple Journftl session
(JI41 52 ) 26 -F EB-1311 :1 4 ; Title: Autho r( s ): Youn g , Micha.e l B . IM BY; D i s tri bu t io n: / MBY ( cc ) NDX ( :fyi ) JPB ( hl ); S ub-Collections: NJC; Cle rk: IIBY ;
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MDt.: 26 - FEB-73 12: 36 14153 NLS Overview
(INT RO ) INT~ODUCT rO N
General
There are
this note
several unique is In~ended to
Leaturcs of the NLS systeM wh~ch help Illus trate.
This Is not an analytical treatment or the NLS system . Rathe r, It is II. synthetic treatment , attemp ting to a lvc an overall view ot the concepts and facil~tles a vailab le to the user 01 NLS .
Re1erences have been placed in this note t o analytical discussions o~ particular aspec ts o£ NLS .
Text E d i ting
One ~eature of NLS is a text editor tha t primarily to be used with CRT terminats,
is de",i ~ned ... J th two s-pec ial
1
La
La I
la2
la20.
II>
keyboard attachments. Ihl
The text edltin~ ~eatures allow 10r all the co.mon functIons o~ inserting , deleting , copyln K ' movlns, and rearran g ing cha racters, words, a nd arbl~rary s trin g s, and also tor per.torraln & these operbtlonA on entitl e s such as link s , invlslbles, vlslb l es , and numbers, which will be discussed l ater .
S tructure Editing
The text may be s1ructured into chapters, sections, pu r a ~raptl s , s ubparu Kraphs , etc . with headings , inde n tations, etc .
The structure can be manipulated In a wide variety of ways , .tor axa.pte by rearran ~ in~ pa r a~ruptIS , so rting whole sectlons or chapters, alld subordinating one part to another, as we1.l as by insert ln f'; , deletin g , breakin f~
apart, and apprndi ng such ent itles .
Vie.lnM Text
The text may be vi ewed with a ~lnd o~ " zoom lens" eflec t . This feature enables one to see just the chapter headin g s, or chapter and sec tion headin a s , or deeper level s or the tex~ structure, merely by settina certain parameters catted "vlewspecs" . We witt demonB~rut e thi s t &tar .
1
1bla
I e
1 e 1
lcia
I d
I d 1
•
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MDK 26-PF.B-73 L2 :36 14753 NLS 0 very 1 ew
Simultaneously wl~h viewin g the structure In these abbrevi (lted fo .. ,.s, one can co n t ro1 the num!)(l" of lines one wishes to Boe within para~raphs .
Fl les
The net ef':fect, of COHrse , Is to altow eURy scannin g of text u al information by capturing the essence ot a docuden-t on the lilllj ted space of a CRT.
The file system Q l v es the user a capdbl l ity to work In an I n~ormatlon space which Ls made up or a larac number of r l v a~ e and pubLic files .
There are easy-ta- use couunands :for b rl o a lo" the uscr to a n y poiot in thIs i n~ormatlon space.
There are sophisticated tools for aliowlna tIle u se r to consol ida t e and ex trae t in "formu t ion tho t 0. tready exi s ts , and to communicate _llh any number of other u su rs ~hrouRh the file system .
There are subsystems for producing hardcopy of any document or subset of a document, with comprehensiVe formot t in g options .
Te r mlnats
The CRT termina l s used I n conjunction with NL S require two dev ices that were designpd at SRI .
These devices , the mouse and the keyset, are inte~rated ill to the termJnal keybua r d to provide Locilitles not a v a i lable on standard CRT keyhoards .
These focilities are a simple way to manipulate the cursor on the CRT screen , o.I.nd 0. simple way to g ive commands to the system _I th one hand _bi le manlpulatJn ~ the cursor with the other.
The mouse provides the cursor manipulation and attention "ettJng functions; the keyset p rovi d es the cummand function .
The typewriter oriented terminal s such as the Texas lnstruments , Jnc , " silent 700 " electronic dat« ter~lnal (or
Id2
Id2a
lel
ie10.
lelb
le1c
I ~
III
Iflo.
J .:t lal
11'10 2
T-l , -tor .short) can tdso be u sect with the NLS system . lt 2
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><ox 26-FEB-73 12 :.1 6 14753 NLS Overview
As menti.o ned abn v e , the sy.s1em 1 13 des i g ned for CRT usage .. In that mode , it exhJbIts Its power and capabilities most satisfactorily .
There1ore, usa g e from a typewriter terminal Is of necessity somewhat more cumb~rsome thAn from a CRT terfllinal .
Nevertheless, UlMost al l the ~unctions that CAn be performed by the system on ~ CRT can be performed on a typewrJter- oriented terminal.
The pr incipal exception I s th~ use of split screens , described briefly below .
The principal d 1111cullY one encounters rrom a typewriter- orIented terminal Is in arldressina; text and -1'11e8 ..
Wlth the CRT , one can "point" to the element desired ,
1 f2ft
1.r2b
lf 2c
t f2c 1
1.r2d
uBln~ th e mouse. l r2d l
On " T-l or other simIlar terminal , one mus t spell out, in £lamp Rg reed upon syntax , the addres desired a
( TEXT' TEXT MANIPULATiON
(DBFN) Termino!o 8 Y
Gene ral rema.rk s
Names hove been g iven to v arious dirfercnt combinations o:t characters In a text s trinA , in order to fae i l11:ate ce rtoin otten occu rrin g operut1ons.
Text
any strln jl o-.f consecutive characterS a
C haracter
- any eI g ht-bit byte defined 1n the ASCrl 128- c haracter set
AHCDEFGHIJKLYNOPQR S TUV W XY Z abc d e £ g h j J k 1 • n 0 p q r stu v w x y z
" #l.S"S '() ID*= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 0
3
1 'f2d2
2
2.
2 ul
2a l a
2a2
282ft.
2.3
2a3u.
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NDK 26-PEB-13 12:36 14753 NLS ;) verview
Numbe r
: - t ( ; )
.. - < > ?
• I
- a n y occurrence 01 consacutJve numerals 0 , t, •• • , 9 that Is p~eced~d and ~o~lowed by a non-nu~eric ch~racter
Wo rd
abed 1234 efith
wxyz3456accj! qrst 13511Jkl 3 .1 4.1596 $ 10 0,000 . 00
any occurrence of congecu~Jve vlslbtcs terminated at each end by ft non-alphanumeric character .
11 llword I #$"-'& 2222 word2, #$~S
3333wo r d3 #$"'& 4444 , wOf"d4; N$'.U': 5555 l'wordS" 'wor- d6 ' (word?) (wordS> [word 9 ] wordO
2a3a l
284
2a40.
2848 1
2.5
2aSa
2a5a l
Visib l e 2 8 6
- DRy occurrence o~ consecutive cha racters that ca.n he seen on the CRT or printed PO &C under normal operations . A vi s ibl e Is terminated at each ond by an JovlsLbte character , such as a bLAnk. As un example, conside r the ~o llowin @ sentence .
The US GNP 01 1972 i~ expected to exceed that 01 A~ghan18tant Boliv i a , ••• f and S umatra .
Jnvisible
- any occurrence 0"1 consecu1: 1v e characters which are not normally seen on the CRT or printed p~ae . These Inc~ude
t abs , blanks, and carriage returns. An invisib l e is terminated at each end by a visible .
Link
a specialty formatted string of characters, readable
4
2abo.
286a l
2.7
2 .... 76
2.8
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NDK 2b-FE n-73 12:36 141 5 3 NLS O very i e ....
by the NLS system and by the user o~ NLS , that rlesi g natea the location n~ a pIece of Informa~lon in ~Ile
~lle space nccessible by the user o~ NLS .
( OPHS l Operations
Command Repertoire
The command ropertol re of text edl ting opB rutlonR includes inse rt, de lete, copy, move, and replace , and may be dJr~cted at any o~ the entities defined above . For exofllple ,
COPY CHAIllACTEIl HOVE LINK DBLETE NUMBBR R.EP LACE rNVI S18LE lNSERT WORD etc.
( REFERENCES ) References on Text Manipulation
For Creatln@ and ViewIn g Text
see ( user~uldes,loc1474 , entry:m.)
For AddreS91n~ In the NLS S ystem
see (userg ul des ,loc7473,entry:m .... )
For Text Editing
see (uscrguldes,loc74 7 5 , entry:mw )
(STRUCTURE ) STRUCTURE UANrpULATION
(DEPN) Termlnolo~y
General rema rks
In order to understand the terminology , you only have to understand the concept of hJerarehy o~ statements .
Sta t ement
A " statcmcntll l~ the basic structural cn tj ty.
5
2a.8l1.
2b
2b l
2.h la
2blu 1
2c
2c I
2cla.
2c
2e2a
2c3
2cJI.I.
3
3a
3al
3u la
3a2
Jb.2u.
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NLS Overview YDK 26-FF.R- 73 12:36 14153
I t may be an En~lish sentence, or para~raph, or Just a word or h character .
It Ms ts tht" name "statement" bp.cause of the manner In
whIch It was entered into u. file.
Nu.mety l I t was en ta red as a unl t o~ tex t bnunc1ed on
the .lront end by the CODlIDUnd "INSERT STATEWENT "
ond on the back end by the special delimiter character , "command accep-t".
:Ju.2a l
3a2a2
Hierarchy ot s t a t ements Ja3
A " hierarchy ot statements" Is a structure in whtell sowe statements art" Subordinate to other state~cnt~ . Ja3a
ThIs Is the ~ather-son conct"pt or directed tree g r aphs , and closely rese.bles the l'amlllar ~lructure of a bonk: chapter, section , paragraph ,
3a3a l
For example , consider the folto.Jo g hierarchy of statements: 3~3a2
1 Chap1:er 1 3a3n2a
Section 1& 3a3 ... 20 1
10.1 Subsection 101 .303(\2ala
la2 Subsection 1a2 3a3a2o.Lb
la3 Subsection lal 3u.3a2a l c
ib SectIon Ib 3a3o.20.2
Ihi Suhsect ion Lbl 3o.3a2a2a
Ibta Paragraph lbla 3a3a2u.2a 1
tbtb Paragraph lbtb 3a3o.211.20,2
2 Chapter 2 Jo.31:1.2b
2a Section 2a JaJa2b J
2b Section 2b 3a3a2b2
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YD' 26- FEB-7J 12: 36 14753 NLS O v e .... v 1 ew
20 Sec ti on 2c
In thig h i erarchy , s tat emen t s same l e v el . So are statements sta t ements 1 11. 1, 10. 2 , ta 3 ,
1 and 2 II. r e
la and Ib, a.nd so :forth .
a t the
JaJ a.2b 3
3a3a3
NOTE 3a3a3D.
Be ln ~ at "the s ame l e v el" means bein~ a t 'I the same leve l within a bra n ch". 3a,3 a 3a l
NOTE Ja3a3b
BY DEP I NI T I ON the hi a hes t lovel of statements that th e user cu n c r eate , name l y statements 1 and 2 in the above examp le, belon s to a branch under an e v er-presen l state;llcnt numbered " 0 11 • Hy defin Iti on , t here i s a statement 0 In e v e ry NLS f ile; it is the hi ghps t leve l statement 1n each file .
The t e rminolo l!Y i n troduced to h a n d l e such a hierarchy i s the fo1lowlng:
all. s tatclnents H.t th e sallie level. be l o n g to 0.
II PL BX"
0. 8ta~emen t and al l Jts subo rdin a t e s t a t emen ~5
constitute a " BRANCH "
~ny num be r o~ consecutive s t a t ements at the same l e v el consti~ute a " GROUP"
( OPNS ) Ope ration s
CO~Nand r eper t o Lr e
Gi ven this structure , one can copy , move, In se rt, de l e te, r eplucp , and in t erchange a ny o~ thp s trurtural entitles .
The command repertoire inclUdes such commands as [NSERT STAT EMENT , MOVE P L BX , DELETE GROUP , e t c.
'l' hu s each command con s i sts o -t an act i on v e rb a nC'l an objec t noun. The noun defi n es the en tity on which the actio n 1s to be tnkpn.
7
3u.3a3bl
:1a3a4
Ja3a4a
3a3a4b
3a3u4c
3b
Jb I
3bla
3b lal
Jbla2
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MDK 26-FBB- '73 12:36 14753 NLS O ve rv 1 ew
ObJec t nouns are STATEilENT, BRANCH , GROUJ~ , PLRX .
Action verbs MOVE, DELETE ,
are INSERT , REPLACE, BREAK , APPEN D .
(NAMES) Statement Naming
Deslgnat l np, state.ants
TRANSPOSE, COPY ,
Statements are normally addressed by set~ctlng them with the ~ouse cursor <"bug mark") on the screen , or by t yp in g tn the correct syntux £01" t l \e address
identIfication .
However , statements statement " number " system .
may that
also be addressed wLth a is Hutomaticatly ftBslgned by 'he
Usc of statement number is of limited utiLity, because whenever the structure Js changed new atatcment numbers are automatically assigned by NLS (the old ones being dropped ) to contorm with the new structure .
There~ore , two o~he r methods 01 statement IdentificatIon are provided In NLS:
a) a method of NAMING statements , the names being ~rb lt rary alphacuNerlc strln~s enclosed In parentheses and placed at the begJnnlng ot the stat.ements .
These IlIlniCS co. n then he used o.S s t8 temen t add r esses . Names e n joy the property of romaining wIth R statement no matter what changes are made to tho structure o~ a tile.
b) a mechanism o~ per~anent s tatement I den t a , or so-called" sid l s " , th e sid's being uni que number/le~ter sequences assi~ned by NLS when the sta t ement is entered Into the ~ile .
The sld ' ~ never change no ~atter where that statement is moved to In tbe hierarchy.
Some statements 111 this file have statement names , Some do not . The choIce 1s the user's.
s
3h l a3
lb 1a4
3e
.leI
3e 1tt.
3c 1b
Je1e
3e l d
3e ldl
3c l d la
3c ld2
3c ld2a
Je 1e
)
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M.Dk 26 - PEB- 73 l2: Jb 14753 NLS Overvle ...
AL L statements hav e sid ' s . statement numbers.
And all s tat ements have
( REFERENCES ) References on S tructure ManipulatIon
For S tructure Wanipulation Commands
see Cuscr g uldes,loc7475,entry:mw)
For d i scuss i o n of PI~e S tructures
s ee (user~u ldes ,lo c74 7 2 , en1:ry:wm )
( FILES ) F IL ES
(JOU RN AL) Jou r nal System
DescrJptlon
The Journal Is a publ i c r ead-only !'let of ~ i tcs .
Any user can put Jnformation Into t he Journal by
usIng a s ubsys tem desig ned ~o r that pu r pose .
When i nfo r mation is p ut I n t o t he Journnl, the person inserting th e 111£ormatlon is r equ ired to I dentl~y persons or Kr oups ot persons to .hom the In~ormatlon 1 s bein g addressed . Th" Journa l subsystem then Infor~s eac h addressee tllat he has a "m eBsa g~", a nd the add ressee becomes aware o.f thi s messa g e When he reads his p rivate messa g e f ile, which ~e calL ~n II jn l tl a 111 flt~ .
Any user ca n read ln fo r ,natlon that j s in the
i f he knows the add r ess at that in ~ormatlon .
subsystem I s n eeded to r thi s p urpose .
Journa 1 No
To actually ge t to th e messa ge itse l f , th t' user invokes the iink mecha ni sm , descr i bed next .
Re1e r ences on th e Journal Syste.
To fi n d indexes . Indexes .
out what i s in the Journal, See ( NIC ,LOC ATO R , 2 :xbwm )
there -tor b
a r e !OIcve r a l 11 1"1t 0 f t hese
See (nic, l oc7637 , l:x~) for a desc rJ p t lon of how to use the Journal ..
9
Jctf
3d
3d l
3d l a
3 d 2
4
4.
4a l
480 l a
4a l a1
4ala18.
4a la 2
460. 1 a2a
4a2
4 a2b
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NDK 2b-FE:e-73 12:36 1--1753 NLS Overview
(LJNKS) Link Mechanism
Overal l Description
A "link" is a specially !or~atted tex~ s tring th"t g ives the location ot any desired item o~ on- lIne lntor~fttion.
A link can occur anywhere in a ~ile.
that it refers to can occur anywhere in any other £Jle that is on-line .
The i n10rma tion in that tile , or
The us e ot a link is an i mportu nt pa rt of lhe NLS concept o~ fIles and information-handlin g . Spec i~lc
bene1 i cial aspects ot links ar~:
Usins links enables the u se r to embed precise cross r~1erences in a lile for subsequent on-line readin g .
The link allows access statpments, not merely
to be made to individual to .ntlre £lle8 .
With it, one can easily access in£or.natio", and
return easi ly totl tes that wore previously accessed.
It removes the necessity o~ typ in g the ~Ile name or other identifying dat~ every tl~e onp. wants to access some in~ormation.
It allow s the "view" of inlor~ation to be specified at the same t1me th&t it is accessed .
Note , however, that although the address end vi e.SI)ecS cont rol the way u ii Le appea.rs when a link is tlrs~ executed , the user may change &ny o~ these pBramete~B once he has accessed a file usin~
41>
4bl
4b lfl
4b Jal
4blb
4b l b l
4b lb2
4b l b3
4blh4
4bib5
a link. 4b l b5a
To use a Link, the com~and which aLlows one to I'Jump to the ~ile link in statement x" i s used.
In Interp retin g thIs command , the system Hcans Bta~emont x until it CONes to the liret link In i~.
It interprets the link, opens the -flle, and dlsplays the Infol"mu.t.ion on the CRT (or other terminal).
Note: The syn tax for thi s lin.k command i s dIfferent in the typewriter and CRT orIented v e rsions of NLS .
10
4b l c
4blc 1
4b tc 2
\. )
)
)
"DK 26-FEB-73 t2 : 3b 14753 NLS Ov e rvi ew
The gyn~ax of tile link is:
( d ir ec tory, (llenOome, address: vi ewspecs )
wher e
direc~ory: the na Na of the d i recto r y contain jng the file n ftrned l' E llenama".
T~ the rllrectory nam e I s omi tted , the d irecto ry to which th e user is currently connected I s t he
4b2
4b2a
4b2b
4b2h 1
detault v a lue. 4h2b l a
Whe n the directory nume i s omitted, the de llmltin ~ com.a to ll owins It shou l d o.lso be omitted. 4b2b l o.l
f i l ename = th e na~e 01 the fi l e to be accessed .
J:f the file name i s omitted, th e system Assuraes that the lInk re -ters to tt loctltlon in the -r i le that th e link occurs In .
The "(Ilen a ill c cannot be omitted unless the
directory name Is also omitted.
Wtlen the :f ilename Is omitte d , th e del.iml tl ng comma fo ll ow ina it shou Ld aLso be omi~ted .
address = ~he number or na me of ~hr N~atement in the ~ll e that Is to be accessed .
If "n d rlr ess " i s not speci~led , the system assumes th e add r ess i s tha~ of the orI g in statement o~ the
4b2b2(1.
4.b2b2b
4b2b2b l
4b2b3
fiLe. 4b2b3u.
When th e address I s omitted , the deL i mi ting colon followln a it shou l d NOT be o,njtted .
viewspecs = codes, whIch when accessed
a s eri es of 9pec l ~ lc at lon s ,
co ntrol the way the f j le wl11 throu ~h the LInk .
or for-mat appear
Examples:
rt "v l ewspecs" are not spec i f ied , th e Rys t em uses the viewspecs ~hat are in ef~ect when t hr link is execut ed .
11
4cb2b3a l
4b2b4
4b2.lJ4a
4 h J
)
)
)
ynK 26-F EU-73 12:36 14753 NLS Ov erview
(Jones,suallau.ry,lOO:wm)
Th i s link sppcltles statement number 1'100 11 In a tiLe nal'lled Itsu.mary" , contained in a dIrectory nall'\ed u Jones l!.
When the link is executed , statemen t numbprs wIl t be visible, because of vie.spec m ~ Also , al l l evels and
4b3a
4b3al
al l lines _tll be visIble , because o~ vi e.spec w. 4b3a 2
Any other vi e wspecs In effect at: the time the l.ink is execu~ed wLl~ a lso control the appeb ro.nce of. t he "f il e .
C .. y:flle,:n'
ThIs l ink speci1ies the file named "myflle" , . belon~in 8 to the current use r. When the Lln~ Is executed , the 1'i le .. Ill. be poslilonpd at state.-enl O.
Statemen t numbe r s will not be vi sib Le (views pec ol.
Any other vJe.apecs in e~1ect a t the time the link is executed will also contro l the appearance o~ the ., Il e .
4b311.3
4b3l>
4b.Jbt
4b3b2
4b3h3
( 200b ) 1.h3c
T his link spec ifIes s t a t ement 200b in th e file that contains the liok. 4h3cl
Any vlewspecs In e~-fect at the ti me 't he link is executed wj II cont rol the appea r ance 0:1 the lile.
F Urther Notes on Link Sy ntax!
1~ the d irectory name i s omitted , the default is l he directory of the file In which the lin k exists .
Th i s conv ent i on a llows the lise ot links that are in :t il es c r eated in other di r ecto ri es , e v en _hen the directory name has been om i tteo in those links .
r t also allows the user to olllit the d ir 4"cto r y naille ~ r o. links be'tween tite s that belong to tl common
4b3c2
4b4
4b4a
4b4a 1
d irecto ry. 4b4a2
1 2
)
)
)
~ DK 26-FEB-73 12: 36 14753 NLS Overview
However, tl,erp is one exception to this default convention. 4b4b
It ~he ~llename Is u number (dI g its onLy), NLS first checks an NLS Journal directory to find the current location o.t a .rournal document wIth that number.
l~ no such Journal tile exists, the syste~ then takes the default directory name os described a~ove.
(SPLITSCREEN) SplIt Screen
Oeser Ipt I on
On CRT's the user has the abilIty to dIsplay two or more files simultaneously , with independent control over the viewspecs , editios , and tlnkJn ~ o~ each ~lLe that Is dIsplayed. OptIonally, he con also disp lay two or more views 01 the same fitec simultaneously.
The boundarIes that arc set up on the Bcreen to sep~rate one displayed ~Ile ~rom anoth~r BimultaneouAly displayed ~ilef are controll~ble by the user.
These boundaries may be vertical or horizontal, dependin~ on ~he desireq o~ the user.
R e~erences 011 Dse o~ Split Screen
A more complete discussion Js ~ Iven In (JJournaL , 10708 1 tb : w ) :
(ASSiMILATION) AssimilatJon
Oescript Ion
AssimiLatJon is the act o£ one tile to another file. do with ~he CRT version at
cop yin g selected portions of
This is particularly ea s y to NL S , and Jus t a little hit
more di£ficuLt with tile typewriter-oripnted version.
In selectJn8 portions to be copied , the UHcr can make use o~ the viewspecs to copy Jus t the d e pth or
4b4bl
41>4b2
4c
4c 1
4c1a
4clal
4 cla2
4c 2
4c.lu.
4ct
4ct 1
4ctJa
information that he wants. 4dln1
As .any copies of in~ormation fro . one to another f i 1.e can be made as are needed, and as many dit1'erellt
13
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MDK 26-FBB-731.2 : 36 14753 NLS Overview
selections ot Inrormation within a £lle mby be made as are wanted. 4dLa2
( SEARCHES) Content Analysis
Oese r ip"tlon
Con t ent analysis means searching a tile Lor the occurrence 01 arbitrary text.
The content analysiS ~eature of NLS can be Invoked In a number of waYA .
lISu bs1: i tu te"
The sj~plcst way I s throu~h use o~ the "substitute" com_and , which scans a s~atement or branch or p lex ~or thp occurrence 01 a t e xt strlnA, and then substJtutes an arbitrary , user spec i1lerl string tor every occurrence of the strln ~ that was sea rch ed tor.
"Jump"
An alternate method (In the CRT system) is throug h B aet 01 "Ju mpll comma nds , which search tor a g iv e n text ~trjng and dispLuy the s~ate~en~ In which the strin ~ occurs.
Bxa~pl~s o~ these commands are:
JU ~ fl to Jun,!) 10
Jump to
40
4.1
4ela
40lb
4e lh!
4elh1a
40 1b2
4~lb2a
4e l b2nl
Jump to
Content First Con ten t Nex~
Name First Nanle Hex t l elb2a la
"Contcnt Analyzer"
More sophistIcated content analysIs usa~e is poss i ble .
For examp le, a user can Invoke the "cont en t analyze r" subsystem to compile sh ort p rog rams that scan a fIle for Boolean combinatiollS of arbltrory
4e i h3
4e t bJa
text s trin g s within statements . 4eLbJb
This i s not diff i cult ~o learn, but it r eq uires a short re pe rtoire of co.mands.
14
4elb3 c
)
)
)
YDK 2b -F EB-73 12 : :1 6 14753 NLS O vervi ew
Viewspecs anfllysis to
1'1 " and Ilk" a re us~d In content altow the file to he pRssed through
the content analysis patte rn r ecog nizer at~orithm (caLled 'the "1itt er ll)e
The result s 01 the ~llterin& proc~SB are displayed
4elb3d
to the v iewer In one 01 two ways. 4elb3e
0 00 way is that onLy the ~ tat ementB _hlch passed through the ~11te r a re d i sp Layed (vlewspec " I" ).
The olher way Is that the f' i rst s t atement that passed through th e tl 1t er i s dJsplayed and all sta tements ~oLlowlnp it are also displayed whelher they passed the ~ itt er or not (vi ewspec
4elb3E'1
" k" 4 e lb3c 2
Viewspecs "1" and t' k " tbat is , they cannot both S i multa n eous ly.
Re~erences on Con tent Analysis
are mutuallY exc lusive; be in force
Fo r further detai l ed information on con~enl anB l ys i ~ ,
see :
( H J OURNAL , 9 246 , 9:xhmz ) and ( LJOURNAL , l2020, l:xbhy)
( REFERENCES ) References on P ile Nanlpulution
For discu ssion of f il e man i pula t ion ,
see
and
( ca t aloM , toc7472 , 8 :xmJ (JJourn ftl , 10?05, t:xm)
(TE RMJNALS) TERW I NALS
( YOUSE ) Spec ial Featur es
The orientation of the NLS system to n CHT terminal has many aspects , Borne of which are illustrated by use ot the ~ouse to point at textual and s truc tua l entities .
Throu~h a ee ri eR of thie project, effective , least
of exper i.enTs cooducted eurly in the life t he mo u se waS found .to he the mos t tiring method 01 se l ecting entitles
15
4elb3f
4. 2
4e2a.
4e2a l
4f ,
41 1 a
5
5 .
5.'
( )
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lIDK 26-FEB-73 12:36 L4753 NLS Overview
displayed on the CRT. It i s extreme ly easy ~o learn to use . 5m2
In addition to allow1n" selectlon ot entItles on the CRT , the mouse pro v ides ~or a limited hut important Bubset or COllllllands to be sent to the system, lhrouah depressIon of buttons (In yarlou~ combinations) that are Located on the mouse, under noe ' g tlngertips .
The keyeet, 0. binary coded iJ ve- key devIce that supplements t he keyboard and mouse , altow8 -the user ttl enter commbnds
a n d ot lle r text information with onc hand, wlllle the other hand operates the Inouse. This dramaticaLly reduces the need to pay attention to the keyboa r d, 0. tactor that one fInds in other sys tems , Where hand Novement to and trom the keyboard is essent i al for tex~ enterin~ and sImultaneous cursor control .
(DISPLAY) CRT Terminal
At present , the CRT terminals used with the display NLS system are relatively eXI,ensive , one-of-a-klnd unl t s that have been interlaced through special hardware devices to
the compute r system at ARC .
Ttleir essential characteristics are:
full screen capacity of about 30 lInes , SO characters per line;
upper and lower case character set;
mouse a n d keyB~t as inte g ral p art ot the keyboard;
character addreSBabl1lty ~rom computer to terminal.
overw r ite capability (two characters rtlsplayabl~ In any
5a2a
5.3
51>
5bt
5b2
5h2u
5b2b
5b2c
5b2d
single character pos itlon). Sb2e
SRI Is current l y uBsesslng the possibility o~ having low-cost alph8nu~erJc displays ada pted tor USQ with the mouse, keyset, and NLS. It expects t o conclUde it-s assessment within ~he coming three to six month period, I . e . , by .Jun e 1 9 1 3 ..
( REFRRBNCES ) References on Terminal Envlronmrnt
t6
5b1
5c
)
( )
YD. 2o-FEB- 7J 12:.)6 14'753 NLS Overview
Por d i sc ussio n on ~he DN LS environment , see t0704, l:xbrn)
(JJournu.l,
Fo r d i scussIon on the l ow- cost r equ irements , see the RPP in
( NrC ) NETWORK I NFOR"ATION CENTER
( OEFN J De~ lnltl o n o~ NIC F un ctio n s
a l phanumeric CRT (LJOURNAL, L 1495 , 1 : w ) •
The Ne two rk lotorma~lon Ce nter ( H I C ) is a ge nernl purpose In~o rma tJon servi ce , wlth bo th online and offline services , to r the ARPANF.T community . N l e ~ervlces ha v e two basic
5c 1
Sc2
6
6.
objectives: 6a l
1) To help perso n s w ithIn the network community find the r esources they need, n amely people, systems , and In :to rflulti on .
2 ) To help me",bers ot a aeographlcatly dlstrlbut~d g rou p co lL abora t e with one another .
( USERS ) HIe Use r s
The initi al U8~rs or NIC servic es ha v e been tl10se persuns develop ing and build ing the network ~
A second o roul' curr ently usin g t he NIC is cOlllposed of those perso n s whoso research a n d de v elopment i nterests are intim a t e l y con rl ccted _lth use o~ networ k re8ource~.
At a later stage , the co.munity wiLL include u wider r~nge o~ people who wi ll use the network or be interested In Its developm e nt.
Some tuture users o~ the Ne t work ln formatlon Center's ae rvic es may be :
St udent~ , Teachers
Researchers , MonOMers
System DeveLopers, Computer Cent e r Directors
Libraries and Othe r Intor~ntion Services
Communicat i ons Wed l a , the General Public
17
68.1&
bath
6h
6b l
6b2
6b3
bb3a
6h3nl
6b3u.2
6 b3u.3
6b3a5
)
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YD. 26-11 1::8- 7 .) 12 : 36 14753 NLS Ove rv 1 ew
(S ERV iCES) Nle Services
Genera L Remarks
There arc tour mdin needs which the NIe a~te~pts to meet , throug h online services and o~~line se rvices :
Re~e r ence Information,
Dlalo~ue Support ,
DoculIlont: HandtJng, Ilnd
Trainj " g: .
These ne eds are .o t by two broud categories ot se rvice: onlIne service and offline service .
O nlIne Service
Online service Includes ReLerence In1ormatl o n, and DIalo g ue Support, throug h the NLS System .
The Journal, Number, and Ident11icatlon Sy9 te~s of NLS allow messtL@es and doc uments to be t r ansmlt"t:ed to
Network pa rticipants.
(a) Documents or messaeeH entered in the Journal System are me Jnta1ne d online for lat e r vIewing via NLS.
( b) Documents are distrihute d by:
1) placing ~he message or a link to th e document in the receiver's l'initi a l ~ilell .
11) sending hardcopy through the U.S . mail.
JJI) transmittlnf{ the .. throug h the Ne twork via.
6c
6c l
6e la
be lal
6c lu.2
6c la 3
6c la 4
be l b
6cl
6e2a
6e2a I
6c2a.ln
6c21l 1b
6c2alb l
6c2b.lb2
the o.pprnprla~e File Transfer Protocols. 6c2o. 1b3
A set o~ online In£ormatioo data. bases Is accessed throu Kh a epacta l Locator file usln R NLS lin k mechanls18s .
The data bases inclUde:
(a) the NIC 1unctionnl documents, namely:
18
6c2a2
6r.2a2n
6c2a2a l
)
)
NLS Overview <UK 2b - PEH-73 12: 36 14753
the cataloK at 1'he NIC document' collection , NLS user documentation, Nrc UBer documen~a~lo n,
t he ARPA Ne~.ork Resource Notebook , the Direc1:ory of Netwo r k Pari i clpftots , aod the Network Protocols .
( b ) other uBer-crea~ed files o~ potential Network-wide interest .
6c2a2a1a
bc2a2 a 2
Offline Service 6c3
OfflIne Service includes Document Hanrtling , and Trulnlnf,l _
The Network In~ormatlon Center at SRl provid~s the ~ol towlnA func tions :
Ga-t.herlng , producing a.nd mainta inin g Hie FunctJonul documents.
Dupllcatln ~ , dIstributin g , and c"talo~lng h~rdcopy documents.
Refe rral and handlin g o~ document requests for ~eneral network usa~e .
Selecti v e dist r ibution o~ documents to Station Col lecti ons .
Tro.inin¥ In use o~ NIC services ond faciliti~s.
A NiC S totlon a t each slle haS the 1ol1ow in g components :
A S tati on Ag ent t o aasl~t u se r s o~ the NrC .
A Technical Liaison to pa rtici pate in ne,work
6c3u.
6c3d. l
6c3a la
bc3a l b
6c3alc
6c3ald
6c3ale
6cJa2
6cJa2a
de v elopment at his site . 6c3a2b
A S tatio n Col lection containin g a hardcopy subcolLectlon of SR I NrC ~unctional documen t s that are of specia l interest to that B it~ '8 Network pa rti cipants. 6c382c
(FUTURES ) Future Innovati o ns bd
NLS on several ARPANET computer Byste~s 6dl
1 9
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16-F EU-73 12:36 14753 NLS Overvi e w
Displuy NLS on th e No t work
Co~mon user ide ntitie s in e~foct throug hout th e Ne twork
Capubility to un notate existin g o nline documents
Use r-orien t ed query and retri e v a l lan sua~e
K icro~orm technolo~y
Sel ect iv e dissemination o ~ documents over the Network , based on int e r e st p r otI l es
( REFERE NCES) Refe rences on NIC
Por Nrc Functional Documents , see :
Nrc Locator ( NI C , Loc a tor, 1: wymh)
For a g e n eral , comprehensive description o~ NrC , see
(KJDU'RNAL , t 0575 , 5 : xbmz. ) .
20
6d2
6d3
6d4
6dS
6d6
6d7
6.
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6e la
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6e2ft.
MDK 26-FEB-73 12: 36 14 7 53 NLS O v ervle'IIV
)
(Jt4'753 ) 26- FEB-7.3 12:36; TJtLe: Author(g): Kucfl lck, lIichuut 1). /J,lDK ; Di s trIbution: /md k ; Sub-Colloctions! SRI-ARC ; Clerk: MDK ; Orl~ln : <KUDLICK)DEMO.NLS;37 , 6 - FEB-73 17:51 MDK ;
)
...... ---. - -~-
NDW 24-PEU-73 13 : 48 14754
) f will be in Wenlo Park tor a full day thls Thursday , March 1;
1 look torw~rd to seeln~ yo u then. Dean l
)
) (Jt47 54) 24-F EB-'73 13:4 8 ; Author-( s ): DI st ribution! / SRI- ARC; S ub-Collections:
)
)
NDY 24-FER-73 13: 48
Meyer , N e Dean INDN; SR I- ARC ; Cl erk: NDW ;
14754
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NDN 24- FEB-1 3 14 : 05 Be : User Program Library , Lib rarian
-I'd like
( 14129 , ) .. to thank Har vey 10r his co~ptimentbry .essage I would be happy to maintaJn a user proaram li b rary I~
A RC so des ires .
L
14155
L
•
NDW 24- FSB-73 14:05 l4755 Re : User ProHra~ LIbrary, LJ b rariun
) (J1475S) 24-FEB-7 :J 14: 05 ; Title: Author(s': Neye r, N. Dean /NDN ; DIstrJbution: /SR I-A IlC; SUb- Col l ectio n s : SRJ -A RC; Clerk: NOli;
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WLB 26-FE8-73 18 :0& REFL ECTIONS ON MY EXPERIENCE WrTH THB ARC CATALOG
This is a draft of the :requested paper sunutlarising my experience "j th the ARC Catalog . please check it over for omissions and errors it cavers a period o£ about 2-1/2 years , and my memory Is not to be trusted to get everythln ~ that happened d urin g that period strai g ht 'Thanks -- Wa lt
14756
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WLD 26 - FEB- 73 18 : 06 14756 RBF LECT IONS ON MY ~XPERIENC E WITH THB ARC CATALOG
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YLB 26-FEB-73 18 : 06 REFL~CTIONS ON NY EXPER IENC E WITH THE ARC CATALOG
14756
lNT RODUC TION 1
This document re:flect s an attempt to summariz.e for "posterity" my experience in assisting with tbe development o~ the existing "A RC Ca~alo~ . '1 1 0.
It is My hope that the in~ormation contained herejn will be ot so.e use jn 1'u-rtheJ"inA: the development 01 0. viable anf1 uBe~ul ClLtalog System. Ib
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WLB 26- FEB-73 18:06 HEFL6CT10NS ON MY EXPERfENCE WITH THE ARC CATALOG
14756
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2
My Involvemen"t ~n tho cataLog making business began In the FaLL ot 19 70 when we were Just beginnln~ to organize ~he data bases tor our ~lr9t published ca~atogs . 28
The earliest thinp.s wblch come to mind are some meetings with DCE , JCN , and JAN In which Doug established the curren"1:1y used specitications to r document numbering and ~or the catalog cJtation data record forma t. 2a l
At that ti me the N[C dialog system was still in its jnfancy, we we re ant i cipating tho Impending move from the 940 to tile PDP10, aDd the ca"talo~ d~ta base consis"ted essentIally ot Doug ' s personal collection o~ XDOC citations , squirrelled away in a var~ e ty 01 formats , much o~ It o~f-line .
In order t o ~et thin &s mo v lng, DOUG decided that:
We would not try to develop a fancy classl~icatjon system to use In nUmbering documents in our collectlon Cs) but wo uld continuo the IDOe numbering system In which each documeut was shllply assigned IS se rial number ~or identl~icot lon purposes .
We would adopt on ad-hoc cita-tion fo rmat In which all In .formation about a document would be recorded in a sIngle s tatement with ~lelds se"t o~~ by text-string descriptors .
One ot the ~irBt t~skA we embarked on was the conVersion o.f as much o.f the old XI~C coll ect i on of citations as could be gotten on-line into the new citation ~ormot .
r was commissioned to write a set o~ MO L analyser/fo r matter p rog rams to do as ~uch o~ the conVersion automatically as possible and produced a sot or three p rograms , called W41tJ Walt2 and Walt3 fo r tack of bette r na~es, which accomplished this task.
Three programs, running in tandem , were required because the analyser/ formatter I>rogralll bu1'1'er on the 940 was too small to contain a single program large enou~h t o do the Job -- thIs ,niS the first major application 01 user pro~ra.~lng and very rapidly made apparent the limitations Imposed 0.' thi8 kind of use by the 940 system •
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WLB 26-FEB-73 18 :06 REFLBCTIONS ON N Y EXPER IENC€ W[TIT TIIF. A RC CATALOG
Meanwhile, Jeanne and J Jill were orsftnizlna the 'task of accumulatin g a Nle-speciflc coltec~lnn and g etting citations created In the specifIed ~ormat.
The cItation format waY totally Inadequ~te for pubLIcation ~or distribution, so ( began writin~ a prog ram called I' Formatter tl to e x~ract In~ormation from theBe citations and re~ormat it Into a pretty ~o rm for publication.
The tirst automatically ~ormatted catalog was p roduced usln~ ft version o~ Formatter consistIng 01 6 analyser/torMatter prog rams , catted PaBst thru Pass6 , and an executable text program whIch would take a ~ile and pass it throu g h these s ix stag es of re ~o rma ttln g .
This really strained the 9 40 NLS syatem to its li.it s and resulted Ln the creation o~ a much larg er UBer programs bu~~er in PDP10 NLS (which L later had to m~ke further expandable by additIon of the Goto P rog rams Bu~~er S IZe command ).
When the La system Fo rmatter in LI0, lf mt) Ls still i n ~ieldB were added to the point t hat of 1972 .
WdB su~~lciently operational , I rewrote Rnd thls program f now -- cu.t-proJJ;tramB, lpro Ks, use atter two years, durIng which several new to those formatted and reliability wus increased it has remained basJcally unchunged since summer
In the SprIn g o f 1971, havln~ completed the ~irst PDPI0 version o~ Pormatter, 1 took over from Mruce Parse ley the task o~ brl n g inH up the Output Processor on the 10 and spent several months debugging and introducin g new features to thIs venerable old subsystem.
In the meantime , JIm Norton continued witb work he had begun on the 940 producjn~ one- lIne Indices o~ se v e ral types for the ARC Journal . Ris eiJ. .rly, rather crude I n d ices , -formed the prototypes .for the onfO-lJne indices now being produced for th e NI C , ARC Journ a l , and other collectIons.
I'm not sure of the exact sequence , but somewhe r e Ln the SUmmer o~ 19 71 J wa s dra~ted out o~ Out pu t Processor development and into catalo~ system deveLopment .
t r ew rote the one-line index Lo rmattin g prog rams, cleanin g up the £ormats, addln ~ some new fieldS which Jeanne wunted , and increusJng their reliuhJLI lty by s taa es until we had essentially th e Same formatters as are still In u se .
14756
2a3
2a30.
2a3b
2 u.3b l
2b
2 bl
2b2
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WLB 26- FER-73 18 : 06 REFLECT10NS ON MY EXI'ER I.ENCE WITH THE ARC CATALOG
At th e same time, I began studyinK the entire cata~o g productio n process , and , 'Workinp: with Dick Wa tson, p r oduced a se r le~ o~ designs tor various kinds ot catalog-product Ion autoMat in~ systcms ~ (Journal ,'7451,l:wh ) (J ournal ,'7 465 ,l:wh ) (Journat ,1483 ,l:w h ) ( DJourna l,'7 938 ,l: wh )
At len ~ th, we ar rived at an agreed upon design Lor a "Cataloa
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Suppo rt System" (Journa l, 8004 ,I:wh ) consist l na 01 thr ee pa rt s : 2c3
Entry P rocesso r ( BP ) 2c3a
Upda te Processor (UP) 2c3b
Ca talos P r oductio n Processor ( CPP J 2c3c
We dec I ded t ha t the CPP was the most urae ntly nceded component and t hat it shoul d be l ~plemented f I rst with the others bei n g ImJllemented subsequently 11: there were i:lu:t .f l c l e n t demand and resources ~ ( see -- Journal,8005 ,l: wh)
Imp t e~e ntatl on 01 th e CPP execu tiv e beaan in mid- Decembe r o~
1 97 1 and continued, wit h paral l el devclnpmen~ o~ the my r iad ana lyser/tormatte r p r og r ams which i~ invokes , untIl the summer o~ L912 at which time 1 began concentrating on developmen t of output to COM and other Output Processor re.fln8men t f;l ~
Ope rational use of the CPP begun somet i me in the Sprin g of .1912, a n d several- ago ni zI n g months of Interleaved lis e and debugsln g were required to attain a n o ver~ll catalog produc ti o n p rocess w it h su~f l c i e nt r e ll ab i\lt y t o really help J eann e , Deau, Mi l, a n d Oa r ba ra wJth their task of p ubljshlng a n d updating the Nl e catalo a ~
Dy l u t e in 1 9 7 2 , th e CPP wa~ Butt i c i ent ly reliable that Bea.u could handle not only the NIC cata l og p r oduction a n d entry prooJ'ina procedures but also the ARC Joul'nal catalog and Identtile Directo ry productIon wit h only intermittent
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In sp it e o:t the .fact that the CPP co ntinues to crap- out occaSionally for a v ar i ety o~ reasons and un-reasons, 8euu Is ab Le to handle almost B ln ~te-bandedly the final product i on ot aLL the A ~C catalogs a n d d irec t o ri es t with time l ert over to assist In a variety of analysis and ope r at i ons tasks -- whereas , before the CPP was a vail ab l e , producin ~ a much shor t er NIC cata~og alone was a ~ask that required seve r al _e~ks ( months? ) comb in ed e~fort from Beau , Dirk, Jeanne, Dick , and Jim. 2d l bl
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WLB 26-FBR-73 18 :0 6 REFLECTTONS ON MY EXPERfENCE WITH THE ARC CATALOG
In addition , the CPP h~s made i~ possibLe to trans1er the bu l k 01" the catalog productIon CPU usuge to non-prime times wIthout requiring extensive non-prime tIme system usage by our people (as w~s necessary before the CPP became usable) .
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CATALOG PRODUCTION PROCESSOR I MP LEMENTATrON BXPERIENCE 3
In l~plcmen~ing the CPP within NLS r have exercised our system in ways never be10rc tri ed -- or p lanned for. The resultln& eKperLence has lmpllc~tl onB ~or future evolution of our computer services .... hich [ wlll try to sUlJlmarize in thi s section.
The decision ~o ilJlp lelJlen~ the CPP as a set oC User Programs Lor debu~gln~ purpos es seems to have led to no probleas In itsel~ and, I believe, provided a ll the benefits which I sought to achieve by
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keepina CPP and NLS debuga LnS uncoupled. Jb
Early in the Mame I had to implement the "Goto Programs Bu~rer S i ze" command so as to make a larlil: er user prog r am buffer available to the CPP (and other large user prog rams) without penalizing the average user by reservin g an unnecessarily l a r ge cte:t ault buf:fer. ThIs required only a tew hours 0" work and was the only sj ~ nificant chan~e willch r made to NLS it se lf In implementing the CPP . Jbl
There is one area that ~ay cause some p robLems in the future which resut~ect trom the desire to minimize mectdlin ~ ~J th
base-NLS in brinQing up the CPP : there were a large number of !ilLS 9ubrou~ines whl ch handled errors in ways which were unacceptable to the CPP ( more on thls below).
There were two obvious ways to g et around this p roblem: by ~odlfying the subrou tinc ~ so that th ey would work fo r both tho CPP and normal NLS use (pprhaps under control of a flag ) or by copyin~ thest! routines into ~he CPP ond customizing these copies to CPP requirements. r decIded to take the Later path so as to reduce the probability of doin g anythin g to Jeopardize the reliability of NLS for on-Lin e users; us a result, the CPP- s p eciLlc routines are all completely decoupled from NLS and wi II not automatically bf" updated any time that the ori g inal routines are (to ~iK bUKS, reflect changes in TENEX or NLS tiLe systems, or whatever). This decision could cause prOhlp.m6 later on , and, If the CPP surviv es lon ~ enoug h, there will have to be some cleaning up done.
A tar~e part o~ the e1tort involved In implementing the CPP was devoted to learnin g how to lIve with th e way NLS handLes " errors". J don ' t want to be la bor ~his po int bu~ wIsh ~o ~lnally record in
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WL B 26-P BB- 73 18 : 06 REFLRCT I ONS ON MY EXPER I ENCE WITH TUE ARC CATALOG
NLS h as always been desI g ned t o be d.1l ON - LINE S YSTEM wltb th e basic philosophy that, whenev e r a n error conditIon is encountered, the p rime responslbili~y of NLS is to s ot control back to tho us e r with the world rts much Intact us possible for furthe r work . Very littl e e~~ort has ever been p ut either into au-tomatic recov e ry from error conditions (doing what the user asks , even j~ e veryth i n g doosn't g o Jus t ri g ht) or into accu r a~e diag no s i s and re po rtina o~ error conditions (either t o the us e r or to the syst em prog ram me rs).
On tho other h a n d , a sys te lll like the crp must he desiQn ed to stay in contro l rega rdles s at what non- fatal e rror conditions occu r (i.e . IT i s the u se r).
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means tha~,
ge t back t o whe neve r an error condition the CPP In such a way that :
occ urs , control
In to
( J ) The CP P Il k nows " p recisely what happened so that it co n ~ak e corrective action .
( 2 ) The sta t e of th e "'Wo rld " i s such that r e covery Is possible.
the curr e nt I mple~e ntn~lon o£ NLS , sati9~y these conditions because of
it Is very di~f i cult
the way the SrGNAL mechanism is u sed to handle most errurs . The r e a r e two basic problems In ~his a rea .hich caused much g rle~ during CPP develo p ment, bo th o ~ them havin~ to do _itlt ~he discipl i n e 01 S I GNAL use rather thn n with ~h e S I GNAL
mecha n ism itseLf :
(1) When a prog rulnmer calls an NLS subroutillC to execut e some operation , there Is no way that he c an find out trom documentatIon or SEAS fua~ures (other than by an exhaustiv e scan o ~ th e sys tem code ) what S i GN AL re~urns
ca n be expec te d ~o ( e ver ) happen in the code that g ets executed by that call .
(2) Throushout NLS the s a me S IG NA L codes are fr eq uently used for v ery dif f e rent error conditions so that, even i t a pro g ramm e r correctly codes hi s pro g rams t o Intercept all possible e rror S I GNALs, he I s n o t guar~nteed that the Inlorma~ion A iven to him throua h the S I GN AL will be o~ any value in correctin A the cond! tion which caused ~he error.
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The i a pllcation of this problem with error handling is that we must e ither dec i de that we wilt not consider NLS to be 8 p rog ra~.abte tool whIch shoul d be expected ~o operate dependubty except unde r the wotchLu l eye at a huma n user or that we must build much better error handlin g facilit i es Into tuture version s o~ NLS , ~acilitles tha t make explici t the erro r s that can occ ur when a p r ocedur e i s inv oked and that Make obvious the sleps which are n eeded to r eco ver t ro m these
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The error-handlin g p robL ems d i scuBsed ttbove have been larg eLy solved in th e context o~ t he curr ent implementation o~ the CPP . A basic l i lnltatlon 0'" NLS which has not been so lved a n d wh-1ch will cu.\1.ge i ncreasin ~ l y more g rie :l: as our catalug collections continue to g row is the 1act that , because 0:1: NLS implementation decisio n s havLn~ to do with b it-wi dths of ce rtain data tields crucial t o the ~ile sys t em , NL S 1 1l es are restricted bo th In th e number o~ Rtuteme nt s and th e t o t u l number of PDP 10 word s whLch they ~ay contain .
It would of course be p os s ible to sul v e this p roblem to r the CPP by c r ea tin ~ a spec ial " CPP F il e l ' which could l ink toge ther any number on NLS f il es to r th e special p r ocessin a done by the CPP , b ut it seems that thi s I s r eal ly a .or e gen e ral problem that s h o uld be approa ch ed ~rom a broader pe r spectI v e .
Aga i n , thI s problem has I mp li cat i o n s for h l Mh-le v el dec isions o n the "futur e e v otut ion of NLS as a tool -- ei th e r we must make NLS t lt es much .ore open- ended ( and reliabl e ' o r we must decide a n d arlvertise that NLS is g oing to remain a tool for c reatIn g , vl ew in ~ . a n d ed iti n g "sm~ll'l text l it 0 9 , a n d ~hat lar g r-scale in ~ormation process in ~ tasks will always bes t be ha ndl ed out s Lde of th e l ocal NLS environmellt.
A t in~l a r eA of concern , much harder to p in down than those atready di scussed , has to do with th e overaLL relIability ot our compu t e r sYBte~ .
We huve found that , even when all Identifiab l e bugs in t he CPP h a ve been tracked dow n and fixed, that It i s n e v e r poss ibl e t o assume that th e CPP will run to a success~ul t e r mina ti o n i~
there i s a s i ~niZi CA nt amount o~ work t o be do n e ( o n the order o~ s everal hours' .
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The errors J ~m tnlkln~ about here g pnerally appear as JLLEGAL [NSTRUCTlON traps occurring a t random (1) l ocations within NLS or ~he CPP . These errors are not repeatable -- I.e., i~ you run the CPP a ga in usln~ ~he same TENEX , NLS , CPP , du ta, etc., the error Is unlikely to occur a Ko in, and r have no evide nc e whlch wouLd lead me to "blame II any particular device or program system 10r these errors .
If we wish to contlnu~ do l n~ batch-type operations on our system , then we must allocate resources to the task 01 identJ£yin& and correctJnq the weukoesses which make It almost
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WLB 26-FBB-73 18 : 06 REFLECTIONS ON MY EXPERl~NCE WI TH TUE ARC CATALOG
THOUGHTS ABOUT CA TAL OG SYSTE!i EVOLUT I ON
The ARC Catalog System has been grow in g In a very ad-hoc , unde.r- .l1 nanc ed , and pi t l "fuL l y lft llored manner tor several years no w . Perhaps it I s t ime that some ~xecutive attention be g ive n to t~~ pro bl ems we face , s t arting with t he conceptualization 01 Just what we WAN T in a Cata l og Sys te . t o satJsfy our needs a nd commitments In thi s a r ea , and p roc ed in g f r om th e r e to a cons i dera tion 0.1 wha t parts of s uch a Catalog System are appropriate for in-house deve lopme n1: and wha t pa rts shouL d be fa r med- out either ~or Imp l ementation on an existing system or ~o r
external development.
It has always been my assumptJon t hat a dependable Ca t a log Sys t em 1 s a crucial part o~ ou r Dia l og S upport o n d Res earch Int e lLi gence Systems . S uch a syste. would ha v e to have integrated tools "fo r ent ry, p roo~ in 8 , v er i ficat i o n, update, Knd p ro duct~on ope ratlon R on a t l east a set of ARC- maintui n ed co ll ect~ons and should ultimat.ely be availabLe as a User System to a nyone who needs to maintain a S Ubstanti a l pe r sona L in "forNatio n co llecti on .
The orlAlnal Catalog Support Systen:l desi",n docunlen t ( Jou rn a l, 8004 .) outlines one po~sible u-I'p ro ach to Buch an i n t e~ r~ted 8yste~ . The current CPP is Just the first CO mponent of this system and can n ot , be considered cONple t ely opera tion a L ~ithout the other compone nt s which it was desi gn~d to in te r face t o .
And the CSS it se Lf does not ~orm 8 comple t e " Cataloa System" becuuse It ~u.ckS th~ rla t a base q u ery and man ipuLat ion ~ac~ lltleB ne eded to make the Cata log via b l e 10r o n-Lin e interactive UBe ..
My pe r s onaL recc ommendo.t i o n Ls tha~ CataLog System de v e l opmen~
activit l os be suspended untLl a de~in ltlve p olicy statement has been p r epa r ed de1ln ln~ ARC's commi t .en t to this area, outlinina criteria and priorities .t"or :future developmen t, and aL locatin g resources tor th is work.
1 wo uLd fUrther reccommenrt that this poL i cy determination be g iven relativ ely high p ri o rity, as the vi ab ilIty of ou r current ad- hoc Ca talog System (I n the light oj' acce lerat in g acquisition and creation o~ documents) I s hi ghly quost i o n able , and tb e L tlad-tim e fo r de v elopment o"f u. more adequa.te ond comprehensive sys t em 1s qu i ~e sizabte.
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CJ14756 ) 26-PE B-7 3 1~:06; T 1 t Le : Author(s): Bass , Wa Lt /WLB; Distribution: /Jcn Jbn bah meJ rww mdk C Le r k : "LS ; O rl~in: (8ASS)CPP.NLS;3, 26- FER-13 18:01 WLa
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Tille: AuthorCs): Su th e rland, Ber t R . re f ) CLR( tor p ractice wrs2(1nr re£); 'IRS2 ;
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RMD2 20-MAR-73 8 :34 Computing Networks: A Power~u~ N~tlonal Force
(SPLI"T)NlC 14758
(CENrER=S)COVPUT[NG NETWORKS: A POWERFUL NATIONAL PORCE(GCR=2>Keynote Speech(GCR)COMPCON 73(GCR)February 27 , 1973(GCR=2>by(GCR)RUT-H M . DAVIS
( consider beJng Bsked to present th e Keynote Address at COMPCON 73 a9 a much to be coveted and signal honor. For this, r want to thank Sid Pernbach and the COMPeON 73 Committee .
the topic of thJs con1erence, IIComputer Networks ,'1 deserves the kind ot attention you are a~~ordin~ it--and more. It has been in~resln ~ ly apparent to .e , in the last several years, that computer networkin g could wel~ be the stron a est ~orce at our command today, tor "makJn @ thin f( s happen better" in industry, in unlYcrsities and in go vernment.
Please note, that 1 a~ not ~orsakin g tile philosophy that people are al.ays the s tron~ est fo r ce ~o r good . Rathe r, I said that com~uter networkin g Is the s tron g est fo rce at our com~and ••••• 1 invlt p anyone who believes ~hat people can be commanded ~o Join the Washin g ton scene tor ~ fe. mun~hs.
And yet, you all p roba.bly share with me , the very r ea l :foreboding that we may well be lotting this opportunity :for benef icial chan~p sl ip ri g ht out o~ our g rasp. The uneasy aspect at this torehodln j! results :t roll! whll.t we all know--thllt -today, when an opp ortunity slips out of our e rasp , it does not just lay there llwaJ.tin A its future , it inevitably 1 8 replaced by less at tractive options.
the $64 question -today i s IIHow do we make sure that computer networks are used to ou r best advlllltage?11 I subm it tllat we don 't yet hllve 0. satis.l'actory answer . Further, I am convinced that we have not ye t llsked the ri g ht questions that let us present, to a listening audience, a r ea listic appraisai of what is the real power of comput e r networks.
do asser t, ho.ever, that time has run out tor those 01 us who stil l wJ e h to equivocate about computer networks aDd the ir place in to day ·s worl d . Experience to date .Jth compu ter n e tworks lIIakes cowards of those o r us who still vaci llat e In speakin g of the roles for computer networks in societ y today .
~he same technical cowardJce is exhIbit ed by those who try to brush aside the sl&nl~icance of minjcomputers Hnd their steadily increas ln ,@! numbp.rs jn ou r national inventory of computers . tremendous powe r lor good possessed by the couplin g of
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mLnJcomputers and theLr g igantic counierpa rts -- the lIaxicomputers--by computer networks should be a cause celebre of the computer industry and not another false reason fo r gelf-flagellation by co~puter professionals.
( believe we should hl~hll~ht the truth today; n amely that:
I. COMPUTER NETWORKS A_RE ESSENTIAL FOR ALL THOSE REAL TIME GEOGRAPHICALLY DI SPERSED CONTROL ACTIVlTIES VITAL TO OUR I ND IVIDUAL AND NATIONAL WELL BETNG . These activities incLude air traffic control without Wllich our notiollal mode of transportation would be impossible. Similarly, our bankJn s and credit industrIes would be unuble to :function if computer networks were ~orbJdden. A retreat to prior modes ot op~ration would be cataMtrophlc to the wholesale and retail in dus tries, to our national health care and health Insurance industries and to our rapidly ~rowin& credJt indugtry~
2. COMPUTER NETWORKS ARE THE ONLY PRACTICAL MEANS AVAILABLE FOR TUE SHARING OF EXPENSIVE INF ORMAT ION RESOURCES , COhiPUTING RESOURCES , AND INPORhiATION HANDLING EQ UIPMENT. There are very .lew or g anizations who cou1.d nf'ford to ",0.1nto.in thei t'" own Index Medlcus , Census 'files, Medl.co.re data or Soc i al Security files. And yet, there are a tremendous numb e r ot organJzations which need portions of such files 00 a daily or frequent basis . They can obtain the necessary access to the expensive equipment and in tormatLon centers only through recently implemented computer networks. Today, some 25~ of our major public and private inlormation dissemination centers provLde services by means ot computer networks .
3 . COMPUTER NETWORKS ARE THE ONLY PRACTICAL WE ANS OF PROVIDING EQUALITY OF ACCESS T O AND AN EQUALITY OF QUALITY IN PUBLIC SERVICES, INDBPENDENT OF GEOGRAP[CAL LOCATlON. There Is no longer any rea s on to assert our national goals based on equality lor all and then quulLfy them by stating our ioabiti~y to overcome Meograph ical obstacles . Police communications coupled with centrally maintained criminal records available by networks make it possible tor allot us to en joy compatibility of law enforcement . UnIversitJes can share teachin ~ resources, and information resources whether ~extual, audio or visuul by vIdeo networks a n d computer networks . Health care qua~ity need no longe r be sololy dependent up on local a vailability of physicians and the best
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4. ~ l N lCOMPUTERS ARE BECOM ING PERSONAL COMPUTING RESOURCES AND MIN ICOMPUT ERS LINK ED TO COMPUTER NETWORKS PROVIDE EACH OF
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RMD2 20-N.AR-73 8:34 Computing Networks: A Powerful National Force
US OUR OWN INDIViDUAL IN"FORKA TfON CENTER . Th", progress of research has always been ~ied to the availability of relevant technical in£ormation. Redundaflcy of research e1forts and re pe tition o~ research result s , althou~h somet i mes necessary, has always been excused on the ~rounds that scientific data W~B available only in a few centers ecattered around the country. But not so with the advent of computer networks. Resea rchers should be truly excited over the prospects of Simultaneously havin~ a mInicomputer as a personal computer resou rce and , through it, being able to share results with peers everywhere . Wit h computer networks, the loneliness of r~ Bearch i s supplanted by the richness 01 Sha r ed research.
5 . WAXICONPUTE RS AVAILABLE THROUGH COMPUTER NETWORKS ARE PERHAPS THE ONLY ECONOM ICALLY JUSTIFIABLE MEANS FOR TtlE LARGE SC IENTIFIC CALCU LATION S ESSENTIAL TO THE ADVANCEMENT O F YUCH N~EDEn BASIC RESEARCH AND ENG iN BER ING. There are a number ot areas of Important research stilL in need ot computin~ power available only at those three or tour al tes having maxI computers . Most 01 those indivIduals engaged In such r esearc h will never be able to af~ord needed computina power locally . The Jnabllity to obtuin the necessary tundlng localLy also slows down industry et~orts to develop increased camputinp. power. Computer networks perfo r m two essential t asks In developinM increased computer power. They aggregate the ma rket for computing power and they supply thp so le means for cos t-sharin 8 expensive development among customers .
6 . MANUFACTUR ING WITIIOUT MINiCOMPUTERS TN THE PRODUCTION PWOCESS WILL BE UNHEARD OF. Already minicomputers are Invadin g manufacturing throug h Automation and process control . Companies oot u sio~ them will soon be non-compe~Jtive because
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7. CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT, TN A REA L-TlME SENSE , OF GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSED ORGANIZATIONS IS IMPOSS IBLE WITROUT CO'-tPUTER NETWORK.S. A hallmark oi' Qo vernment and industry today is widespread en terprises wJ th one central headquarters and a large number of diversified , aeoaraph ically separated manu~acturin~ or service subsidiarIes . Whethe r it is Jnvent o ry controls, p roduction controLs , marketing con trots or 1inanciul controls that are needed, the efficiency of centra lized munu~ement and decentrallzed operation i s poss ible onty wJth computer n etwo rks.
l should like to advance a. ~our-part plan that I consider as ~lnl~al in mcetln ~ our obliga tton--a s network users and
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RlI02 2Q-MAR-7.J 8:34 Computin~ Networks: A Power~u~ National Force
technoLogJs ts--to society and ~o the beneficiaL application o~ con.puter technoLo gy .
1. ~E MUST STOP THE TREND TOWARDS NEGATrVB ACTlONS BEING TAKEN AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL i N DEALING WtTU CO~PUTER NETWORKS. These on-goina ne8a tlve actions must be replaced with ones aimed a~ ~lndln~ the cure to alleged network probLems rather than .lust tryin g to curb the network epidemic by killing ot:!
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Con~reBgLono.l recog nJtlon of computer nctworks as expressed by intended or il\troduced legislation has been ge ner~lly p rohibitive in nature. The actions ge neraLly proposed would have the effect o~ denying the usc o£ computers to lndus~ry and povernment While not providing any means tor resolvin g the complex teehnologicdl problems .. hleh concern Individua1. cItizens and national leaders alike. What we are experiencing is a r eac tion against all types of computer networks based on condemnation of practices In the " data bank" networks . 11b
ThIs is not the situation normally found, say, In pollution problem areas, in energy problem areas , or in aerospace problem areas. Admittedly, computer networks with their resultftnt shared data bases have made the prob~e.s ot controlled accessibility or prIvacy more acute . CongressIonal r eac tion, Inevitably though , has taken the :fora of proposed moratoriu.s on computers, on proposed restrictions on the information that may be placed in computer data banks and on demands for legal g uarantees of privacy for individuals about whom Information may be available in computer data banks. One law, the Fair Credit ReportIng Act , lists the ri g hts of individuals ~Lth reeppct to credi~ in£ormatlon ahout ~hem
contuined In commercinl credIt companies ' datn banks. Thls Act In itself provides excellent protection [or us all . lIe
Bu t, no rel i e~ has been su~gested by Con g ross to aba t e the technical difficulties and costs inherent in meetins theBe privucy nu t the It will
rl l,! hts in computer systems and network s . Whether or costs are borne by take technological
necessa ry "prIvacy" ri g hts effective positive approach
Industry , custonlerg or governMent, resources ftnd time to meet these in computer sy~tems . Further , no
has yet been advanced by the private sector or by ~overnment to make realizable or--more importantty--to make evident the present and potentiaL use1'ulnesg 01' computer networks . And today, j n our "future shock" world, Lack of positive action is not equ ivalent to .tust "no actlon". Rathe r, It equa"tes to a negatIve thrust.
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Rwo2 20-MAR-7 :J 8:34 Compu~lng Networks: A Powe r £ut National Force
We must work together as customers ~o r and providers of compute- r network services , to obtaJn execu~i v e , legislative and Judlci6\ Detions that encourage or demand , as approp riate, the disciplined , controLLed acceSB to computer network services that wilt make possible better public services , hetter quality and lower cost industrial p roduct s And services and better mana aeme nt of all organized activi ti es .
We know, fa Irly precisely, what's needed. We obvious ly have been sIn~ularty unBucceBB~ul as et~ective spokesmen to nationat decisIon makers--and everyone is r eapin~ the
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s hould like to stress the need we have today tor the IEBE Computer Society , the AC~ and AFIPS as professionaL societies to present coordinated plans for lmaalnative and innovative development of compu t"er ne~works as a service to any or aLt se-.cm~nts ot g ove,rnmen1:, industry and o.cademia . 1 can promIse you , that in our role a~ NBS as technIcal g uardian and mid.I~e for computer technolo~y , we wilt get your r ecommendations the nattonal attention they deserve.
I shult make the same recommendations to CBEWA , crA , AOAPSo-A I SC and E IA In their roles as rep resentatives of selected constituencies o~ industrial suppl i ers of computer network products and services.
2 . WE MUST STOP TREATING COMPUTER NETWORKS AS TiNKER TOYS OF TECUNOLOGY AND RBCOGN IZ E THAT TH EY HAVE BECOME TECRNOLOGICAL PARTNERS TO MANAGEMENT , TO SERVICES AND TO GOVE~NWENT .
Co~puter networks have, in 19 13, out~rown their technical
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The switch to computer networks in those enterprises which previously used dl~te r ent meanB ~or manag ing , computing, commun icotln ~ and marke tin g re1lects a basic cllanae In in t'orma tlon handlins, cont r ol processes and computin ~ wIthin the United Sta t es . For it was Juet after Wo rLd War rI that the Un ited States became the tirst post-Industrial nation In the world.
By the mid-1 95 0 ' s more than haLt the populati on o~ th e United S tates was not makin g things to cat or use, but was g ainfully CJllployed doing some~hlng fo ,r other people. Thus , ~he UnIted States became a serv i ce economy a nd the first post-industria l nat Ion. Today, more than 63~ of the Uni~ed States tabor ~orce i s employed I.n the service Industry_ By 1980 , statisticians
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RMD2 20-MAR-73 8:34 14758 Computing Networks: A Power£ul National Force
bell. eve that two out o~ three members ot the labor ~orce will be r.t6rt o:f the service sector .
A post-industrial society possesse8 distinct characteristics worthy of our attention. Some of these are as £0110_9:
a . It is organized around information as the basis ~or control of Its complex or~anizatlonal structures . It uses InformatIon to direct its fflechanisms tor actIon: that is, tl post-Industrial nation is Itulded In its direction and policy by Intorma~lon.
b. rt is marked by an increasing number of, as well BS an accele r atin g fractionalization o~ , service suppliers .
c. There J s 1I{0 vernment to a correlative
an inc rcasi n g demand by its cIt I zcnry fo I' the pay for all or portions 01 many services with increase In public services .
The technolopies that are inte g ral with 6 service economy or a post-industrial society and those whLch are essential to tlchleve l'ts ~oa ls Include co .. munications technolo&y , compute r t~chnolo~y and Information technolog y. These are best linked to UBers, servLces and p r oducts by means of computer networking .
1n our society, It has not been necessary ~or some time 101' a company to be concen~rtlted a~ a single location . Department stores have outlets acrOBS the country . Manu~acturlna pla n ts have specialLzed production 1acllities In a numbe r o~
di~ferent l ocations scattered ~round the world . What Ls necessa r y Is that informat i on be able to move rapidly and on demand between all tho dispersed sites o~ an orga ni za t ion. Be£o r e co~puter networks , real - time mana ge ment ~rom a cent r a l locatio n ot the day-to- day operations of seographicatly dl sl)ersed facil i ties was virtually Impossible . The dependency of real-time manu~ement on rapidly changin~ information was the problem.
Now with COlllputer ne-two r ks and the correlative rtlpJd transfer of selective informatLon, retail stores, ~or examp l e, can centrally manag e daily lnventories In all their outlets so as to capLtalize on the vagaries of buyers. banks can r ealize more returns on nego tiable paper through dally Ln~ormaton ~ransfer via networks; and commercial ai r trattic can be re g ionally controlled by the minute even with the advent at modern hi-Jack technology .
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Sim ilarly, "overnment and academia aLong wIth the se rvi ce Industries are becoNing dependent ~or their operation upon the avaiLabIlity and accessibility of lnformatlon. E~~ective
decentraLized government Is possIble only when management Jn~ormntion can be made centrally avai l able and dece ntrally accessible . This Is a Lar-cry ~rom pre-industrial days when the avaiLability and accessibi lity o~ tish, o re and wil d game
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were the key factors to th e survival ot societIes . IIp
The impo rt ance o~ t i sh , ore and game were ~ully appreciated in p r e- In d u strIal days. The importance ot informatIon, in our post -lndust rl nl socie ty today, i s not equally rec ognized . The r efore , the im po rtance 01 computer n etwo rks AS co nv eye rs ot Information, I s a l so inadeqUate ly re coanl zed . The poInt to be stressed js that IT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF MANUFACTUR iNG AND SERVICE iNDOSTR I ES AND NOT THE COMPUTER TECIINOLOG(ST THAT IS BECOMING DEPENDENT UPON COMPUTER NETWORKS. The only effectlve alliance ~oday in stating the case ror computer networks is one formed by industrial network use r s and computer techno l 04ists. l1q
The alliances that r see being formed are ~Bde up o~ prof'esslonal a n d business computer a roups alona wi th special Interest custome r representative g roups such as the American Banklna Association (ABA), t he Natio n a l ",ssoc i a tlon o~ State Info rmutl on Systems (NAsrs), the Natio n a l Retai l Merchants As~ociat i on (NRWA), the American Hospital Association (A HA ) and the II ke.
For computer technologists a lon e cannot sell their inventions to the world. And, we must no t .forg et that compute r n e tworks are not bei n g subs idized In their initial de v e lo pmen t as were their predecessors--compute r s . Computer n e two rk s , even In their lnfancy, with a rew exceptions hav@ had to prove their worth In a competitive ma r ke t place .
r pr6?d l ct nothin g but g oud :t r om a Lliances of business a n d technolo~y in plannln~ ~or computer networks.
3 .. WE MUST REA LI ST iCALLY PLAN A FUTURE FOR COMPUTER NETWORKS
wrTHOUT A GOVERN ING PUBLiC OR NAT I ONAL POLICY. There is no Federal or n a t 10nal policy today conce.rnln g computer network utIlization . 1 foresee none In the neur future. Neithe r do r see any conver ~ence of opinions as to e ither the need fo r or the content o~ any Federal or natlonal policy. In ~act , if anything , ther e Is an increasin" £ractlonallzation 01 opi ni on on 'the s u bJect.
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RWD2 20-NAR-73 8:34 14758 Computing Networks: A Powerful NatIonal Force
It Is di~~lcult to come m"I"ln~ as a process has or t:ln"lysls of' 1 t.
to g rips with public eLuded most a~tempts
polIcy. Po 11 cy at categorizatlon
Public polIcy issues are matters demanding governmental decision because they at~ect or .Jl1 affect peopLe ~s a Whole and not Just a sln a le speciaL-interest COMmUnity, indus try or
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Succ inctLy then, p ublic policy must be Ln the publ i c Interest. And Walter Llpp~an in "The Public Philosophy" defines the pubLic interest as ""What men would choose 11 they saw clearly, thou gh t rationally and acted diSinterestedly and benevolently.1I
PUblic poLIcy issueR may be resolved by national, state or Lo cal go vernmental action . The point in question has become an Issue because the relevant information avaiLable does not co ntai n re Bult .
the answer and a decision The decision witl result
ra~her than a solu~ion will In governing principtes or
cuurses o£ ac~jon for a community or nation as a whole.
Policy cannot be forced. PoLicies will exist when their time has come . it appears to be far more opportune for computer U90rs and ~echnotoa lsts to devote their attention to the more spoc i£ic mecbanisms available tor relief of the chronic problems or the acute probte~s o~ computer netWorks today. We will lind that po licy witl Jell from a collection ot ~he
outputs o~ these ~echanlsms. Those available to U8 Include:
Le p; islation
Supreme Court decisions
Regu lation
Court precedent law
~andatory standards ~or public wel~are or public protection
Taxation laws
Protection oC the computer seller through pa~ent8r copyrights, trade secret l a w, trade marks and the like
Int e rnational trade policy
Tax beneLJts
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RYD2 20-MAR-/3 S:34 14158 Computln~ Networks: A Power~ul National Force
Direc~ ~undlng ot industrIal and a cademic proJects which support an approved governmen~ policy or program .
Export control policies
ProtectIon of the computer throug h the lega l sanctJons o~ tort, contact a nd warranty .
4. WE MUST ISOLATB THE ~.AJOR JWPEOIWENTS TO COMPUTER UrlLIZATlON TODAY AND POCUS OU R ATTENTION AS WELL AS THE ATTENT I ON OF NAT .' ONAL LEADERS ON THEN . We cannot alford to dissipate our e1~orts 00 parochial prob l ems or problems CBntioed to individual special-interest g roupR . The problems which constitute serious threa ts to good ne~work usage include:
a . An inability to control accessibility to computer networks so dB to provJde adequate g uarantees of privacy
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b . A lack of fair and uniform pricing polJcies .
c. A total Inadequacy of
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d. An inadequacy o~ standards go vernin @ network usage rBn ~ jn g ~rom th e use o~ p rog ramming lan a uages to the hand-shakin ~ o r network protocols .
c . The lack o~ conventions for protect in g ~he ri g hts of customer and sel ler alike.
t . A~ ability to per~orm r ea l-time control £unctions via computer networks .
g . The l ack of spec l~ication o~ levels o~ network service and the l ack of means of assurance that specj~ied service
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F o r example nctworks have genera~ed a ne. phenomenon which [ s hall ca ll: I la o.
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ThIs p roblem manifests it se lt when a customer uses a pro g ram supplied on the compute r network to obtain answers which are
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RMD2 20-WAR-73 8 :34 147 58 Computing Netwo rks: A Power1u~ NationaL Force
used by the network customer in se llina his product or se rvlce--and the answers are wron g . For example , a brJd@e construction company uses a hrid g e design prog ram to obtain s tress and loading parameters which it uses in bridge design--ct.nd the brid~e colLapses. Then wha1?
The liabiLities of the bridge builder are faLrly obvlous . But what of the suppLier of the comput~r prog r am and the commercial network service . How does one handle the situation In which only the Inputs and outputs of a computer program a r e avaIlable to a custome r while the compute r program Jtsel£ Is unobto.i.nable?
This 'four-part p la.n Just advanced Ls the leas t" common denom.inator o~ any industry-- g overnment- academ i a e~fort to ensure that computer networks live up to their realizable potential .
We are fortunate in that actions as suggested on our part will probabLy meet wIth success . For there has been ~ steadily ~rowln re cognition of the r ole of compute r networks i n meeting the relativeLy new requirements o~ a relatively new type o~ economy--a service economy . Howeve r, as mi g ht be antICipated , r eco~nitlon tu date is spo radic and somewhat random.
One example of the ty pe of natIonaL recog nition beln g accorded netwDrk s Is that of the Co n g r essiona l Subcommittee on Prio ri ties and Eco nomy in Go vernment 01 the Joint Economic COfllmlttee . in its repo r t o~ July J , 19 72, on "Amer ican Product ivity : Key to Economic St r ength and National Survival ," the members state :
"In Some areas, complete l y n ew deve Lopme nts a r e app r opriate to our se rvjc e eco no my . Althoug h a ske l eton n a tion a L compu t er ne"t exls-t"s and has been pu t to use in de v eloping air tra1'l.ic control and cLimate research, expansion o~ such a net lnto a t~lL-fleda ad computer utilJty, lik~ other ro ~ulated utiLitIes, could brin@ vust productI vity ga ins at Low coste in serYices where jn~ormatjon exchange is basic . Utllizln~ such a net on an expanded basis, checkLess - cushLess tran sactions , instant filln~ of income taxes (and r ece ipt of :funds ) tor those who subscr ibed to the service and a vast expansion o~ our abili t y to oxcllan~e and analyze statistical datu could become a re all ty • It
An earlier reco8 nition of computer networks came in November 1966 :f r om the Federal Commun ications Commissinn . In ts notIce oL inquiry on computers and communications, the PCC s tated:
n • . . the Commission must keep :fu ll y info r med of developments
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RMD2 20-NAR-73 8:34 ComputIn g Networks! A Powerful NatIonal Force
and improvements in, and applications o~, tho technology of cDmmunicatlons and of related fields_ ••• Yoreover, the ~ rowlng conver g ence of computers and commun1cations has g iven rise to ~ number of regulatory and poLicy questions within the purview o~ the Communications Act. These questions require timely and informed resolution by the Commission in order ~o facilitate the orderly develop~ent of the computer industry an d promote the applicatIon of Its technolog ies In such fashion as to serve the needs of the public effectiVely,
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pff l clently , und economically." 150
As comp ut er pro~esBlonals t we owe the world a con tinuing technolog ical asses8ment o~ computer networks. indeed , there are a nu~ber o£ questions to which all 01 us, interested in the dSS 'HI~ .. ent o~ computer netYorl(s, would 1.ike to have answers . S ome o~ ~hese are:
How have computer networks chan g ed the CUSTOMB RS tor computer s ervices? More speci~lcally , has the availability 01 network s e rvices jncreased the rl:l.nks o _f computer users: o r have networks Just replaced batch serv i ces and earlier moda lit1es o£ computer usag e for the same group of customers .
HBW have computer networks increased the types ot APPLICATIONS of computers tor Industry, academia and g ove rn ment? Perhaps there has been no increase in types ot computer applications but , lnstead , simp ly an increase In the selec tion available to customers 01 varyin g means of meet in a existinQ application need~.
How bave computer networks affected COMPUTER sy9le~ desi g n, urchitecture, technology and popularIty? In this case, we are conlronted wi~h the perennia l chicken-egg syndrome ; namely, do chan g es 1n computer technolol(Y result In network inn()va~ions, do chan g es in n etwork in g a~~ect computer technolog y, or is it a two-way interaction?
How have computer networks been utilized to increase PR ODUCTIVITY in a measurable way In manutacturing , in services o r in g overnment? Mo s t o~ us would like to assess the impact n e tworks have bad on reducin g or improving the e~~lciency at the manual l abor involved in the tasks for which networks have now been utilized; tor example, tru~fic control, in bankin g and
computer n etworks In ai r in Ilealth Insurance have
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How have computer net"works reduced the COS TS o:f sharin g jnformatlon and computer poyer so that costs of manag ement and
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Rltlo2 20-MAR-73 8 : 34 14758 ComputIng Networks: A Powerful Nat i onu t Force
decIs ion makin g "re reduced r e lative to QUALITY ot out p ut? We know that o ur service econmomy is dependent for Its vitalIty and (,(rowth on mana genlent and decIsIon-making skills , dependent 1n turn on correct usug e oX correct data . Network utILity has been II so Ld l1 in t e rms at It s abi ll ty to se rve these tunctions . 16e
How have com puter networks aided the pe rformance at PUBL I C SERVICES and thus Aained the favor or large segments 01' the A~erlcan public? We o~ten are asked what p ublic services a r e pGRsjbl e with comput e r networks which would not otherwise be so : a nswers eusily inc lUde aIr traffic cont r oL , soc ial security~ MEDICARE/MEDICAID . g Lobal weathe r fo r ecasting and enviro n men t al monl t ar ing . The mort> elusive p rob Lems concern t he necessary ~ove rn me nt al act ion s needed £or the cuntinuance or expansio n o~ such se rvice s .
Thus , the ques~ions most o~ten posed as we assess the utll lt y ot computer n e tworks concern Inter-reLat Jon s between networks and n a tionaL interests as follows;
Customer population
Compute r applications
Compute r technology
COMPUTER NETWORKS ( -----> P roductivity
Mana¥ement a n d decision-makin g
Perfo r monce 01 public se rvices
All o~ the quest I ons posed are 01 nationa l cnncern and o~ direct Federal int erest . The role and responsibiLities of each o~ us v ary , o~ e(IU ree, as our concern shifts frOM productIvity to pubLic se rvices or ~rom pro t ec ti on of d'f~erent customer g roups to p r omo tion 01 computer technology to bette r our international trade position .
1 am pe r suaded , in thi s reg ard , that thi s conference Is one o~ the mo r e si~n i~lc an t e v ents in co n~rontina squa r e ly th e r esponsibilit ies o .t comp uter users and of' computer technolo g ists i n ensurIng that the n atio nal attitude towards computer networks is properly positive and In ensurin g that national attention towards n etwork problems i s p ro perly constructive .
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(J1 4 7 58 ) 20-MAR-738::14; TJtle: Autbor(s): Da vIs, Ruth M. /RM.D 2 DIst rI bu tion: / nicsta Jcn ; Sub-CollectIons: NIC NICSTA; Clerk: J BN ; Orl~ln : (NIC-WQRK)NfC14758.NLS;2, 7-YA R-7 3 14:26 J BN ;
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TRANSMITTAL TO:
TRANSMITTAL TO:
PROll:
Leina
Leinl'l. 800ne Box 80 8 Livermore, Cati~ornia
Susan Lee (NIC) Station Ag ent
SRL 22-MAR-73 23:29
94550
Enclosed Ls your Station Col l ection which includes the ~ol Lowing Functional Documents:
HIe 5145 CUR~BNT CATALOG OF THE NIC COLLECTION 1-0EC-? 2 Hle 5 150 CURRENT DIRECTORY OF NETWORK PART I CIPANTS 15 -DEC-72 Hie 6740 NETWORK RES OORCE NOTEBOOX FE8-73 Nrc 7104 CURRENT NETWORK PROTOCOLS 22-J AN-73 Hie 7590 NETWORK INFDRNAT(ON CENTER US ER GUIDE 9-JA.N-73
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'tRANStUTTA L TO! L el n ll
( ) (J14759) 22-WAR- 73 23 : 29 ; Ti tte : Author( s) : Lee , S u san R. / SR L ; DJstribution: l S I. ; S ub-Cnllection s : N I C ; C l erk : KUlK
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'TRANSMITTAL TO:
PROM:
Tucker Battle
Tucker Ba ttle Stanford Resea r ch rnstitut e SystemA Eval uaton Dept . SRf- Washington 1611 North Ke nt Stree t Arlin&ton, Virginia 22209
Susa n Lee (NIC) Station Agent
SRL
At your request we are sendi n g the :tol l owin g documents:
N'C N'C
7 590 6 7 40
User Guide 9-JAN-73 Ne t work Resources Notebook FER- 73
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SRL 5 - MAR-7 3 2 1: l 4 14760 T RAN SM ITT AL " 0 : T u c 'k e r Battl e
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"I'RANSVITTAL TO: CoLonel A. J. Deex
TRANSM I TTAL TO: Colonel A. J. Deex AR PA
FRON :
1400 Wi l so n Blvd. Arlln~ton , Vl r g lnla 2220Q
S u san Lee ( N Ie» Stat ion Agent
SRL
At your r equest we are sendi n g the following document:
NIC 7 59 0 Use r GuId e 9-JAN-7 3
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(J14761) 5-WAR-13 21:13~ Title: Author(s): Lee, Susa n Distribution! ! S A ; S uh-Collections: NtC ; Clerk: KIRK
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TRANSHTTTAL TO:
PROM:
Toni McHale
Toni McHale Fleet Nume ricat Weather Centr~l Monterey, California 93940
Susan Lee ( NrC' Station A~ ent
SRL
At your request we are sending the ~ollo.lns documents:
5-NAR-'7321:13
Hie 96 :15 HIe P933
RFC H328 SUKKested Tetnet Protocot Cha nges RFC #340 Proposed Telnet ChangeR
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SRL S - Y.AR- 73 21: 1 3 14164 TRANSMITTAL TO: Toni McHale
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(J147 64 ) 5 - NAR-1321:13 ; T itle: Author(s)! Lee , Susan R . /SRL ; DIstribution! / SA ; Sub- Col lections : Nr C ; Clerk: KIRK ;
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"IRANSMITTAL TO:
TRANS IHTTAL TO :
PROM:
Steve Johnson
Steve Johnson
UnIversal Analytica. Inc. 7151 Y. Manchester LOB An g eles , CallI. 90045
Susan Lee (HIe)
Station Aa ent
SRL
At your reques* we are sendIn g the Lotlo.lng documents :
NlC 10916 TIP User ' s GuIde Hie 12404 RFC #412 User FTP Documentation
5 - MA R-7:J 2 1: 0 4
The Tenex User-s Manual can be obtaIned ~ro~ Carol Kldston at Bott Beranek and Newman for S 10
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SR L 5 - NAR-73 21:04 14765 TRANSVITTAL TO: Steve Johnson
(JI4765) 5 - MAR-73 21 : 04; Title: Author(s}: Lee, SusAn R. /SRL ; Dlstrlbution: / SA ; Sub- Collectiolls : NIC ; Clerk: JerRK .
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TRANSMITTAL TO :
PROW:
Derek Ba.rber
Derek Barber Nationa~ ~hyslcftl Laboratory Computer Science Division TeddLng ton, Middlesex, ENGLAND
Susan Lee (NIC) Station Ag ent
SRL
At vour request .e are sending the tollo.ina document:
NIC 10814 TNLS Be~lnners GuIde
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(Jt47 66 ) 5- NAR-73 21 :11; TIt le: Author{s)~ Lee, Susan R . /SRL ; DI s trIbutIon: I sa ; Sub- Co ll ec tions! HIe ; Clerk: Ie [RK ;
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TRAN SM ITTAL TO:
TRANS MITTAL TO:
PROM:
Peter Kirste in
Peter Xl rste in Universty o~ London Institute o~ Compute r Science 44 Go.rdon Square London, 'If . c . 1, ENGLAND
S u san Lee (N Ie) StatJun Agent
SR L 5 -MAR-73 2 1 : 03
~t t he request of Dave Wa lden ( B9N ), your n aMe has been placed on
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the TIP User's Gr oup ~~lllng li s t. 1 11.
Bnclo sed a re TIPUG no ~ es i- R. on re gu lar dls trl but lon.
Enc l.
13027 13028 lJ02!'1 12403 1:1480 13 4 86 1388 7 14207
You will rec e ive aLL future notes
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SRL 5 -MAR-7 3 21:03 14767 TRANSMITTAL TO: Pe'ter Kirstein
(JI 4 767) 5- MAR-7321:03; Title: Author( s ): Lee , Susan R. /S RL ; Dls'tr l bution: / SA ; Sub-Collections: NIC ; Clerk: KIRK
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lRANSllfTTAL TO:
PROM:
Joseph J . P~9safiume
Joseph J. Passa~luMe BBN - Al Oepar~.ent
50 Mout~on S~ .
CaMb rl d~e , Nagsachuse~~s 02 138
S usan Lee (N I C ' S tat ion Agent
SRL 5-M.AR-1321:04
,t the r equest of TOM O'Sul~i van (A RPA ), your n aMe has been placed on ~he CBI Maitln~ tI9~ .
Enc tosed are CBl notes 1-11. on re~tar distribution .
Bnct.
9343 9608 381 5 981 6 988 1
12141 12 14 2 12 1 55 13649 13650 14532
You ~ill receive all luturp notes
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SRL 5-NAR-7321:04 TRAN SM ITTAL TO: Joseph J. PassafiuMe
(J147691 5 - WAR-7321:04; T l t le: Author(s): Lee, Susan R. /SRL ; Distribution : / SA ; S ub-Collections: NlC ; Clerk: KIRK . •
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TRA.NSMITTAL TO:
'TRANSMITTAL TO:
PROM:
Robert Dunn
Robert Dunn AMSBL-GG-CG U. S. Army Elect ronics Command Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey 07703
Susa n Lee (N re ) StatIon Agent
SRL
At your request we are sending the ~oltowlng documents:
5-MAR-73 21: 0 1
Nrc 75!lO NfC lOR14
Net.ork 1nformaton Center User Guide 9-JAN-7 3 T~S Beginners Guide
Also enclosed Is N[e 6740, the Resource Notebook, which Is also part o -t your basic collectlon of documents, and updates to your other volumes , NtC 5145, HIe 5 150 and NIC 7t04 .
1
14770
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SRL 5-MAR-73 21,: 0 1 TRANSMITTAL TO: Robe rt DUnn
(J1477~' 5-NAR-7 3 21:01; Title: Author(s): Lee, Susan R. /SRL ; Dlstributlon : / SA ; Sub-Collections : NIC ; Clerk : KIRK •
14'770
MPA 2-MAR-73 12:09 14111 Potkto r e
)
)
Page 2
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MFA 2-NAR-73 12:09 14771 Folklo r e
COMMBNTS
SRI -A RC welcomes comments , sugKestions, and the discove ry of erro r s in our system or doc umentat ion. PLease Input your fin d ings , comm~nts, etc . by phonln~ SRI -A RC usln~ the speciaL phone number s listed In (nlc,dlrent,'.
lMPQRTANT NEWS
HUGS F I XED IN PRINT JOU RNAL
A ll known buge In the TNLS 'Print Journal' command have been 1:lxed. Included 8MonM the ~Ixes are the ~ollowing !:
(1) Its operation I s conr lne d to the JOURNAL bronch
(2, It only takes links to c ited docunlents
I.e., a link which happens to appear in the tex~ 01 a Nessa~e wiLL not be taken
( 3 ) Jts e~fccts no Long er LIng er and r eappeur Ln other commands such as 'Prlnt Branch'
Furthermore, typln~ Cont rol-O during print out of a cited document wILL cause print out 01 THAT DOCUMENT ONLY to be stopped (' ••• ' Is typed as an indlcation that the document was truncated) and p r ocessing to continue with the next statement In the Initial 1ile.
Control-O While In the initial ~lle aborts Prini
1
1.
2
2n
2.1
20.1a
2alb
2albl
2alc
2.2
JournaL. 2a2a
QUERY CHANGES 2b
The Query lan ~uaMe has underRone extens ive changes to allow the accessing 01 user tltes and the breaking o~ LarMe data bases (such as the Resource Notebook) into multiple ~Iles . 2bl
The command language has been ~odllLed to permIt the user to enter the main data bases by typin g a sing le lett
)
)
WFA 2-MAR-73 12:09 14771 F olklore
( J l4771.) 2 - MAR-7 3 12: 09; Title: Author(s): Auerbach, Ma~i l yn P. /MFA; Sub-Collections : SR I-A RC; Clerk: SRL; O rlu:) n: (DOCUMENTATION>FOLKLORB.NLS ;63, l-MAR - 73 14: 1 0 KIRK ; • RTJ=O;
Page 1
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SRL 'TRANSMITTAL TO: flu ... OWf'n
lRANSMfTTAL TO: PU7 O w{'n
Te\edync/Geotecll SeJsmic Analysis Array Corporation P . O . Box 334 Atf'xandrla , Va . 228 14
Susa n Lee ( N I e )
Stftt Jon Agent
A1" your request we are sendin g the "oltowJn~ document~:
Nrc NIC NIC NIC
10159 8302 7 955 4697
TNSTALLAT ION SPECIF I CATIONS GRAPHTCS PW:O'fOCOL I NPD[AG I Ml-"-HOST I NTERFACB FLOW DIAGRAMS
7-WAiit- 73 1 R ~ 59 14775
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I.
1.1
SRL 7-W"R-73 18 : 59 1477 5 TRANSM ITTAL TO : Bu"Z O,..~ n
) (J1 4775 l 7-NAR -7 J 1 ~ : S9 ; T itl e : Aut hor(M )! lee, Susa n R. /SRL Distr ibuti o n: I sft. ; S ub-Collection s ! N I C ; Clerk : KJRK
)
)
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}
-TRANSMl 'fTAL T O :
TRANSN ITTAL T O :
F 1I0Y :
8U7 Owen
Buz Owen Teledyne/Geotech
SRI.
Se i s mic Analysis Array Corporation P .. 0 .. AOK 334 Alpxandrla, Va. 22R14
S usan Lee ( N Ie) Stat ion Ag ent
1-MAR-73 L9 : 00
At the req"ost o~ ~illiom Naylor (UCLA- NMC ), your name haM been placed on thr Network Meas ure _ent Group dlstriuution It st .
Fnc lo serl nre NYC notes 2 , 7 , Rand 11 . All others nre obsolete . You wilt receive all futu r e notes o n rcg ul ur d i Btribu~lon .
Enc l.
10352 10942 11 360 13470
1477 6
In
I b
I c
lei
SRL 7-MA P-73 t9: 00 14776 rRA Nsw rTT A L TO: Ruz. O. en
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( J14776 I 7 - NAR- 73 19 :00 ; T Jtl e : Author(s): Le e , Susan R. /SRL ; D i s tribution: l S I!. ; S ub-ColLection ~: N I C ; CLe rk! KJ RK ;
)
)
)
, RANSNITTAL TO :
TRANSMITTAL TO :
FROM :
J ack Ray
Jack ,l.'ay
P . O. Drawe r D Cocoa BeBch , FLorJd~
SUSlt n Lee ( N l e ) S t ation A~ent
SOL 1-MAR-73 19:06
3293 1
At t he r eques t 01 Wi Lliam Naylor (OCLA-N~C ), your na~e has been p Laced on the Ne twork Measu re men t Group dist ri bu tion lIst.
Enclo s ed ar e CBI no~ eB 2 , 1 , q a n d 11. ALL others are obso let e . You will receive a~l future not es on re~ular dlstr i hution.
Enc l.
10352 10942 t 1 360 1341 0
1
14777
1
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Ib
Ie
l e I
SPL 7-~AR-7J 19 : 06 1 4777 TRANSM I TTAL TO : Jack Ilay
(J1 4771) 7-lIfAR- 73 1 Q : 06 ; T i t l e : A u tho r( s ) : Lee , ~usan R . I SRL Dis tri b uti on : I SA ; Sub- Coll ec ti u n s : N t C ; C l e r k ! K f RK
)
)
)
1 RANSMlTTAL TO:
TRANSMITl'AL TO :
SRL ?-WAR-13 18:56 June Shoup
June Shoup Speech Communication s Resea rch La b . fnc . ROO Mi ramonte Dr~
Santa Ba rbara, CnlJt .
SU9d.n Lee (Nr C )
S l at ion A ~en t
93 109
At VGur rcques~ we are sending the rollow ln ~ documents !
NIC 9689 REV I SED COMPUTER t"JlONBT 1C IlEPRESENTAT I ONS
1
l 4718
1
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I. t
· . SRL 7-MA R-73 18 : 56 1477 8
l!UNS.lll ITTAL TO : June Sho u p
(J1477 8 ) 7-UAR-7 3 _P~:S6 ; Tit t e : Author{s): Lee, Susan R. IS RL Dis tr ibutlon : / SA ; Sub-Collections! NIC ; C l e rk: K l RK ;
)
)
( )
{ )
SRL 7-MAR-73 19:01 'TRANSMITTAL TO: Anita Coley
TRANSMITTAL TO: Anita Co ley
F ROY :
University o~ California at LOB An geleH Computer Science Department 3732 Boelter Itall LOB Anaeles , Californ ia 90024
Sus!).n Lep ( N[C ) S t ation Agent
~t your reques~ we arp sond in g the tollowing document~:
Nle 6537 Nle 6596 . ,e 6593 .,C 6581 NIC 10658 Nle t809 Nle 7429 SYSTEM
TOY A RDS " METTIODOLOGY OF COM:PUTI NG SYSTEM DES [GN AN ANALYStS The Slnlulation ot Time Sha ring Systems Simulation o~ a Multiprocpssing System Using GPSS Micro- Planner Reference ~ftnual A NEW METHODOLOGY POR COMPUTER S I MULAT i ON DYNAMIC RECONFIGURATTON IN A YODULA~ COMPUTER
NIC 6183 TFiSLA Nle 428D THE DESCRJPT[ON , StMULAT I ON , AND AUTOMATTC lWPLEMENTATlON OF DIGITAL CONPUTER PROCESSORS Nl C 9164 ON THE CRITBRIA oro BE USED TN DECOMPOS I NG SYSTEMS INTO MODULES N(C t0643 c . m.""
The ro\tr xproxed documents , 6581, 6593 , 6596 , and 6537 do not h~ve t o be return~d. The others arc on lomn and should be retUrned _hen p09sible .
1
t41Rn
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SR L 7 - WAR- 73 L9 : 0 1 14780 "~ANSM I TTAL TO : Anita Coley
) f JJ47RO I 7-MAR- 73 LFI : O l ; Ti tle : Author ( s ): Lee , Susan R . / SP L D j s ~ ribu~ l o n! / SA ; Suh- Co ll ectiuns : NrC ; C' l n r k : K l HK
)
)
)
)
1RANSNITTAL TO:
TRANSMITTAL TO:
PROW:
Kubert Lipinski
Hubert Lipinski Ins1:itute .for the Future 2725 Sand HI1t Road Men lo Purk, California 94025
Susan Lee (NIC)
Stat Lon Agent
SRL 22-NAR-73 2:1:33
..\t the r equest o'f Dave Walden (BDN), your naMe bas been pLaced on
14781
1
the TIP User ' s Group malling list. ttl
Encloaed are TIPUG notes 1-8. on re gu Lar distrlbutJon.
encl.
13027 13028 13029 12403 13480 lJ4~6
138B7 14 207
You will receive all .flllure notes I b
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Ie 1
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)
)
SR L 22- MA.R-7 3 23 : 33 'rRANSM I TTAL TO: Hubert Lip inski
(.1l478t) 22- !iAR-7323: 33 ; T 1tte : Author( s }: Lee , S u san R e I SRL Dl s trJ hutlo n: I SA ; S Ub - Coll e ctions : NlC ; Clerk: KI RK
14781
)
)
)
'tRANSM I TTA L TO:
TRANSIHTTAL TO:
F RON :
Ge rrold Grochow Wilson
Ge r rold G r oc h ow American Management Sys t eMs 1515 WI l son Blvd . Arlington, Va 22209
S U S An Lee (NIe)
S tation Agent
SO L 22- MA R-1 3 23:31
~ t the reques ~ o~ Dave Wa lden ( B8N ), your nBMe has bee n p l aced on
14782
I
the TIP User's Group MA ttin a lIst. 10.
Enclosed ure TIPUG notes 1-8 . on r 08uta r dIstribution.
Hncl.
1302'1 13028 13029 12403 13480 13486 13887 14207
You wilt rece ive all ~u tu re notes I b
I e
I e I
I
SRL 22-NAll:-73 23: 3 1 J4782 "{RANsaUTTAL TO: Gerro ld Grochow Wilson
) (Jl4182) 22-MA R-7 323 : 1 1; Title: Author(s): Lee, Susan R . I SRL ; D istributIon: I SA ; S ub-Col lection s : Nle ; Clerk : KrRK
)
I
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)
,"[RANSN'lTTAL TO:
TRANSIlITTAL TO:
FROM:
Howard 'lf ll!"lon
Howard WIlson Sc ience Applications Inc. P .O. Box 2351 La Jotla, California 92037
Susan Lee (N [C )
Station Agent
SRL 22-ILAR-73 23: 30
At the request ot Dave Walden (BBN), your name has been placed on
14783
I
the TIP User's Group maillng list. tlL
Enc.losed are TrpUG notes 1-8. on r eMular distribution.
Ene t.
13027 13028 13029 12403 13480 13486 t3887 14207
You wltt receive all future notes Ib
Ie
leI
1
SR L 22-MAR-73 23 : 30 1 4783 TRANSMITTAL TO: Howa.rd W 1190n
)
(J1478J) 22-YAR-7323:30; Tit le: Author(sd: Lee , Susa n R. /SRL Oistribution: I SA ; Sub- Cu ltectJnn8: NJC ; Cle rk: KIRK ;
)
)
)
)
SRL Backg round Documents Sent to new [NWG Group No~bars
5-WAR-73 17:28
TO: All INWG Members
From: Susan Lee (N I e . Statlon Agent
::3ubJect: B8.ck~round Documents Sent to new INWG Croup Members
N~w ~e.ber8 In the [NWG g roup receiv e all current CNWG notes as ..,et1 as a set of ba.cklJ:round docu~ent8 which were thought to be ueetlll to the members ot the IHWG 6lroup . These background docu~ents were not sent to members who were located at a slte where they had access to these documents . In order that these me",be rs know what was sent, [ am sending a llst of' tht:lse
back!i{round dOClllnents to the (NYG ~roup. They a r e as follows:
Hie 7104 Nle 9926 Protocol
Current Network Protocols A Proposed Fxperlmont with a MegBa~e Switch in g
NIC 10510 Function-Oriented Protocols for the ARPA Computer Network NIC 11626 '~provementR tn the Design and Per~ormance of the ARPA Network
1
14784
1
1 .;
1.1
14784 D istribution
) Kato, Masao , Ke Il a , Jehuda , Kt~jnrnck , Leonard, North, Je~nn e 8 .
)
Shephard, C . D. , Burchfie t, Jerry D •• Dettwller, W. , Kahn , Rohert E •• UnCApher, Keith W. , postel, JonathH.n B. , CLipsham , William W. , Ce r~, Dr . Vinton O . , Ba rber, Derek Leslie Arthur, Barker, W. R. Belton , Re x C . , Crocker, S t e v e D . , Davies , Dona l<1 W. , Despres, Rem i , Dettwller,.... Heart , Prank E . Lundh, Yn g var , MartIn , P. R. , McKenz. i e , Alex A. Metcalfe , Robert )t . ( Bob) , El l e , Mi chel Pouzln , Louis, R lml, Ott~rl~d , Robe rts , La.renee G. , Sa~uelRon,
KJell , Sandu. , Keith N •• Sexton, Rrlan , Tucker, Jeremy , UtSUmi , Takeshl , We8s1er , B~rry D. , Agent, Station
)
)
SRL 8ack8round Documents Sent to new IKWG Group Ye~be rs
5 - WAR-73 17: 28
(J1 4784 ) 5 - NAR-73 17:28 ; Dls trlbutlon: / INWG SA
Title: Authods]: Sub- Collec~ions: NIC
Lee, S usan R. /S RL tNW'O; Clerk: SRL
; ;
14794
)
)
)
'TllANSM TTTAL TO :
-I RANSM I TTAL TO:
F ~OW :
Jared Wo lf
Ja.r",d Wa Lt HRN 50 Woutton St ree t Camh rldg c, Mass.
S u sa n Lee ( NIC ) S tation Agent
SNL 1 - NAR-13 L8 : 56
lhere havp been no rormul n o t e ~ circulated In the tMLAC g roup t o date. INLAC
Howeve r, wh i ch may
r am enc los' n ~ b (' 0"1 interest
some docum e n ts to you .
conce rnl n ,.( th e
Yuur name has been added t o the g roups ynu reque~ted a n d should appe~r I n th e n ext update to the directory.
14785
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a n e t: 1e
NIC 749:1 NlC 7 13, . ' C 1170 NIC 8 71 A NT C R148 NI C 171 I
Tml ae Confi g uration Culde DEC VDP-l 0 -- Tmlac Commu n icutlon System Imlu e Digplay Terminal s Reques t t or [ mt ae Co n ~iguration Da ta Rep ly to imiae lnto r e ques t l .lbC Disp lay Te r minal s at UCLA-NNe
1
let
.. .
SRI~ 7- MAR-13 18 : 56 14785 TRANSMITTAL TO : Ja.red Wo l-t
)
(J1 4785 ) 7-WAR-7:) 1 8 : 56; Title: Au1hor( s ): Lee, SUBa rl R. I SRL ; Di B tri bution : I S A ; Sub- Collections : N I C ; C l e r k: K I RK
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JBN 14-!UR-73 19:45 Transmittal to Station Agents -- 75
Transmittal to StatIon A~ents -- 75 Jeanne North
Nrc 14787 16 NAR 73
Bnclosed:
HIe 14763
tile 141 32
Nle 14134
Nle 14135
Hie 148 11
tue 14779
HIe 14920
TIPUG No t e J 9 Isochronous Connection ot TIP TermJnats; D. C. Walden (RBN-NET)
*HYG/iFC '448 PRINT FILES IN FTP; R. T. Brade n ( RTB)
*NWG/RFC '450 MULTICS SAMPLING TIMEOUT CHANGE; lit. A. PadL Ipsky ( IHT-liULTICS)
*NWC/RFC 11451 Tente11ve P ,'oposal to 0. Unified User Level Protoco l~ N. A. Padl l psky ( !II IT-MU LT l es )
*NWG/RFC .473 WIX and WIXAL?; O. C. Waiden ( B8N-NET )
*Qulck Rcrerence Guide to the SHOP,HOX Text Processing Sys t em
*NWC/RFC 1/476 l~P/TI P Schedule ( Revlelon 2'; ( BRN- NET )
!lemory Ret rotl t
Alex A. McKenz.ie
1478 7
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IbL
Ib2
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IbO
lb5
Ib6
Lb7
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J BN 1 4 - MA R-73 19 :45 1 47 ~ 7
T r a n SMitta l ~o Stat i on Ag e n t s -- 7 5
) *sen i: to L l aisons l d
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14187 Distribution RatlJ~~, Jake, Van De Riet , Edwi" K. , V~n Nouhuys , Dirk Vleto,", Kennet.h E. (X en ) ., WI.I.IlRce , Donald C . (Smoke y ) , Richard W. , Andrews, Do n I. ,
Ii • ,
Wa1:son,
Agent, S t a1: i on ., Keeney , Marcia Lynn , Hoft~an . Carol H • ., Lee, S uqan R. , Mi chael , Elizabeth K • ., Dornbush, Cha rle s F. , ARC , Guest o • ., Fe Inler, E li zabet.h J. (Jake) ., Handbook , ",ug rn e ntati o n Research ., KelLey , Kirk 8 • ., Weyer , N. Dean By rd, Kay P. , Prather , Ralph, Wh i.te, James E . (Jim), Vallee, JucqueB F . Kaye, Dlane S . , ReCht Paul., Kudllck , Michnel D. , PprguQon , Fer~ R. Lane, Linda L. Au e rbach , Wari lyn F . , Bass , Wa l t , Engelhart , Doug Las C . , Rarfff"man, Beau rega r d A. , lIerdy, Ma r tin 11. , lIopper , J . D • ., Irby, Charles H. Jerni @an, Mi l E • ., Lehtman, lIarvey G . , North, Jeanne a. Norton , James C. , Paxton, ' Iltlan! H . Peters , .Jetfrey C .
)
TRANSMITTAL TO:
TRANSMI TTAL TO:
PROU:
Leloa 000n8
Letna. 800ne
Box. 80R Livermore, California
Susan Lee (HIe) Station Agent
94550
A1" your reques1: r am enclosing 2 copies o -l
NiC 10916 TIP Userls Guide
SRL 22-w"R-73 23:30
One copy should ~o to Jed Donnelley and neither have been updated~ The updates you received a week 4"0 or 80 should be used lo these documents.
1
14789
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SRL 22 - MAR-73 23:30 14789 'TRANSMITTAL TO: Lein&. Doone
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(JI4789) 22-NAR-7323:30; Titte,: Au~hor(s): Lee, Susan R. ISRL DistributJon: ISA ~ Sub-Collections: NIC ; Clerk': KIRK ~
)
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