SQL_Plus_How_To_s

How to Rollback an Uncommitted DML in SQLPlus

In SQLPlus by default the DML (data manipulation language) transaction is committed to the database upon exit Is there a way to rollback the transaction upon exit or prior to exiting the SQLPlus session if the commit has not been explicitly defined

Solution

From a SQLPlus standpoint there are 1 of 2 options OPTION 1 1 Use the following command prior to issuing any DML SQLgt set transaction use rollback segment test1 where test1 = a name you wish to rollback to should you want to reverse the changes back to this point 2 Before exiting issue the rollback command SQLgt rollback OPTION 2 1 In the gloginsql located in the $ORACLE_HOMEsqlplusadmin directory add the below Set transaction use rollback segment amprollback_segment 2 When entering SQLPlus you will be prompted for a name -- Enter value for rollback_segment test1 NOTE If you do not want to be prompted then set a static name in place of the amprollback_segment in step 1 like set termout off set transaction use rollback segment test1 set termout on 3 Then if you wish to reverse the DML that has not been committed then before exiting issue the rollback command SQLgt rollback

OracleERPgooglegroupscom Prepared by Sanjay Challagundla sanjayappsgmailcom

How to Delete Line Feeds and Carriage Returns from Varchar2 Data Goal

How to delete carriage returns and line feeds contained within the varchar2 field data

Solution

You can perform the following nested replace sql statement using the replace command to delete the linefeeds and the carriage returns SELECT REPLACE (REPLACE (column name CHR (13) lsquorsquo) CHR (10) ) FROM tablename

How to Setup Date Format or Specific Variables in iSQLPlus 9i Goal

How to set NLS_DATE_FORMAT in iSQL plus 92

Solution

A- For a session you can user command

alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT B- To set it permanently 1- Modify the $ORACLE_HOMEsqlplusadminisqplusconf file to add -initial-env for NLS_LANG and NLS_DATE_FORMAT as follow ltIfModule mod_fastcgicgt FastCgiServer emeardbms32bitapporacleproduct920binisqlplus -initial-env SHLIB_PATH -initial-env LD_LIBRARY_PATH -initial-env ORACLE_HOME -initial-env ORACLE_SID -initial-env TNS_ADMIN -initial-env NLS_LANG -initial-env NLS_NCHAR -initial-env NLS_LANG -initial-env NLS_DATE_FORMAT -initial-env iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads=20 -initial-env iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval=30 -initial-env iSQLPlusLogLevel=off -initial-env iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap=none -idle-timeout 3600 ltIfModulegt 2- Set ENV variable at UNIX level NLS_LANG and NLS_DATE_FORMAT 3- Restart apache 4- Start sqlplus and the Date format will match NLS_DATE_FORMAT value

What Is the Command that Replaces Spool in iSQLPlus Goal

Spool command is no longer a valid command in iSQLPlus What is the new command to replace it

Solution

iSQLPlus works in a different way to generate the output to file The file output is html instead of text Review iSQLPlus -gt Help -gt The iSQLPlus User Interface -gt Output It states File when the contents of the input area are executed the resulting output is saved to a file You are

prompted to enter the name of the file As the output is in HTML format it is useful to give the saved output file a htm or html extension Steps to generate the output to file 1) Invoke iSQLPlus httphostportisqlplus 2) In the User Interface select output=file 2) Select Execute button 3) Save the file This is an html file 4) Open the html file using your browser Commands Not Supported in iSQLPlus

This article lists SQLPlus commands not supported in the iSQLPlus user interface Attempting to use any of the following unsupported commands or command options raises an SP2-0850 error message

Solution

The following commands have no context in iSQLPlus and have not been implemented

ACCEPT PASSWORD CLEAR SCREEN PAUSE

The following SET command variables have no context in iSQLPlus and have not been implemented

SET EDITFILE SET SQLBLANKLINES SET TAB SET FLUSH SET SQLCONTINUE SET TERMOUT SET NEWPAGE SET SQLNUMBER SET TIME SET PAUSE SET SQLPREFIX SET TRIMOUT SET SHIFTINOUT SET SQLPROMPT SET TRIMSPOOL SET SHOWMODE SET SUFFIX

The following commands have security issues on the middle tier and have not been implemented

GET SPOOL HOST STORE

The following commands are SQL buffer editing commands which are not relevant in iSQLPlus and have not been implemented

APPEND DEL INPUT CHANGE EDIT SAVE

ListTable of General SQLPlus 92 Limits

The purpose of this article is to provide a list of general SQLPlus limits The limits shown are valid for most operating systems

Solution

Item Limitfilename length system dependent username length 30 bytes user variable name length 30 bytes user variable value length 240 characters command-line length 2500 characters length of a LONG value entered through SQLPlus LINESIZE value LINESIZE system dependent LONGCHUNKSIZE value system dependent output line size system dependent line size after variable substitution 3000 characters (internal only) number of characters in a COMPUTE command label 500 characters

number of lines per SQL command 500 (assuming 80 characters per line maximum PAGESIZE 50000 lines

total row width 60000 characters for VMS otherwise 32767 characters

maximum ARRAYSIZE 5000 rows maximum number of nested scripts 20 for VMS CMS Unix otherwise 5 maximum page number 99999 maximum PLSQL error message size 2K maximum ACCEPT character string length 240 Bytes maximum number of DEFINE variables 2048 How to Get US Eastern Time No Matter of the Time Zone Location

The goal of this document is to provide one way of getting US Eastern Time No Matter of the Time Zone Location

Solution

If Oracle 9i or later is used then use the following sql statement

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE -500 AS eastern_time FROM dual

That gives you a TIMESTAMP If a regular DATE is needed then CAST it as shown below

SELECT CAST (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE -500 AS DATE) AS eastern_time FROM dual

How to Retrieve the Select Statement Used to Create a View

Problem Description How can you see the SELECT statement used to create a view When you try selecting the TEXT field from USER_VIEWS you are not able to see the entire SELECT statement Problem Solution In SQLPlus you must first execute SET LONG n where n is an integer value greater than or equal to the value of the TEXT_LENGTH field in USER_VIEWS For example SQLgt set long 999 SQLgt select text from user_views where view_name like MYVIEW You should now be able to see a complete SELECT statement used to create MYVIEW How to Restrict User Access to Database Instances in iSQLPlus

The article is intended to provide information about how to restrict user database instance access from iSQLPlus You may want to limit the databases instances that users can access in iSQLPlus to a restricted list When restricted database access has been enabled a dropdown list of available databases is displayed in place of the Connection Identifier text field on the Login screen This enables greater security for iSQLPlus Servers in hosted environments

Solution

Connection identifiers are listed in the order defined in iSQLPlusConnectIdList Edit the $ORACLE_HOMEoc4jj2eeoc4j-applicationsapplicationsisqlplusisqlplusWEB-INFwebxml file to restrict database access to iSQLPlus users Change the following entry to include a new param-value element which contains the list of databases to which you want to restrict access

For example to only have ora10g and ora9i instance available NOTE A period is added to the text for readability Do not include in the webxml

ltinit-paramgt

ltparam-namegtiSQLPlusConnectIdListltparam-namegt

ltparam-valuegtora10gora9iltparam-valuegt

ltdescriptiongtThe database(s) to which iSQLPlus users are restricted The list should contain the Oracle SIDs or SERVICE_NAMEs separated by a semicolon () If there are no entries database access is not restricted through iSQLPlusltdescriptiongt ltinit-paramgt Entries in the param-value element should be identical to the alias for SERVICE_NAMEs or SIDs set in your $ORACLE_HOMEnetworkadmintnsnamesora file

Connection identifiers are listed in the order defined in iSQLPlusConnectIdList

For Oracle 9i release 2 make the following changes in $ORACLE_HOMEsqlplusadminisqlplusconf file

Change the following line

FastCgiServer ltORACLE_HOMEgtbinisqlplus -port 8228 -initial-env iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads=20 -initial-env iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval=2 -initial-env iSQLPlusLogLevel=off -initial-env iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap=none -idle-timeout 3600

FastCgiServer ltORACLE_HOMEgtbinisqlplus -port 8228 -initial-env iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads=20 -initial-env iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval=2 -initial-env iSQLPlusLogLevel=off -initial-env iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap=none -initial-env iSQLPlusConnectIdList=Ora9iDBOra10gDB -idle-timeout 3600

Restart iSQLPlus for your changes to take effect Connection identifiers are case insensitive and each connection identifier listed in the argument should be identical to an alias in the tnsnamesora file If no connection identifier is given or if the one given does not match an entry in iSQLPlusConnectIdList the database connection is refused and the following error occurs SP2-0884 Connection to database database_name is not allowed

How to Output Two Records from a Single Record Depending on the Column Value Goal

One of the column in a table has three valid values eg column value (name cell) is 1 2 and 3 The value 3 indicates that the record is both 1 and 2 When you select the records along with other values you will get all the three values (1 2 and 3) in select

statement Now in the output value = 1 or 2 the single is ok But for value = 3 you want to create two records that display values 1 and 2 (value for cell) Actual output with standard select is as follows

ID CELL ----- -------- 721 1 722 2 723 3 and the required output is as follows ID CELL ----- -------- 721 1 722 2 723 1 723 2 How to split and resolve this in SQL Fix The following SQL statement to achieves the desired output select id decode(cell 3 1 cell) cell from ltyour_tablegt union all select id 2 from ltyour_tablegt where cell = 3 How to Exit with a Rollback from SQLPlus

How to exit sqlplus with a rollback

To prevent SQLPlus from automatically committing all changes such as INSERT UPDATE or DELETE command you can use the ROLLBACK or EXIT ROLLBACK command before exiting

By default the exit is with commit To rollback you must do exit rollback

How to Generate Numbers 0 to N from a Query without PLSQL

How to generate numbers 0 to N from a query without any PLSQL

select rownum-1 from ( select 1 from dual group by cube (111111)) where rownumltampmaxlimit+2 The logic behind this query is that the CUBE is generating 2^n rows where n is the number of arguments to the CUBE function In this case the inner subquery generates 2^6 rows ie 64 rows which means you can generate numbers up to 63

In case you want to generate numbers beyond this range then you need to add one more argument to the CUBE which would increase it to 2^7 rows ie 128 rows select rownum-1 from ( select 1 from dual group by cube (1111111)) where rownumltampmaxlimit+2 The range can be increased by increasing the number of arguments to the CUBE function

How to Hide the Password Running a Script as a Different User

Goal How to hide a password to execute a script For example connected as user2 you need to execute a script querying objects from Scotts schema like select from dept Fix 1 Create hide_pswdsql script using hide option It will display the prompt Password place the reply in a char variable named hide_password and suppress the display accept hide_password char prompt Password hide connect scottampamphide_passwordaliasdb select from dept 2 This will prompt for user password and will show it in hide mode ( instead of password)

SQLgt start hide_pswdsql SQLgt accept hide_password char prompt Enter password hide Enter password SQLgt connect scottampamphide_passwordaliasdb Connected SQLgt DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON How to Generate A Delimiter in Spool Output (Excel CSV file)

How to generate a delimiter in spool output (Excel csv files)

In order to generate a delimited file output you need to concatenate columns using the desired delimiter ie comma Example select empno|| ||ename||amp||mgr from X Other option is using SQLgt set colsep SQLgt spool ctestexcelcsv SQLgt select from emp Change some of the default SQLPlus parameters that will be garbage for Excel feedback=off newpage=none termout=off header=off If some columns are empty be aware to include the delimiter too nvl(to_char(col2))

How to Select N-th Highest Value from a Table

This document provides the SQL statement which can be used to find the N-th highest or lowest value from a table column of NUMBER datatype Also provides the N-th highest or lowest DISTINCT value of a table column

For example

- select the 5th highest salary record from the EMP table - select the 5th highest salary DISTINCT value from the EMP table - select the 5th lowest salary record from the EMP table - select the 5th lowest salary DISTINCT value from the EMP table

Given the following data

SQLgtSELECT SAL FROM EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC

SAL ---------- 5000 3000 3000 2975 2850 lt--- Top 5th RECORD 2450 lt--- Top 5th DISTINCT VALUE 1600 1500 1300 lt--- Bottom 5th DISTINCT VALUE 1250 lt--- Bottom 5th RECORD 1250 1100 950 800

1 The general syntax to retrieve the TOP N-th record is 1A Select MIN(column_name) from (select column_name from table_name order by column_name desc) where rownumlt= N For example the following can be used to find the 5th highest record from the EMP table SELECT MIN(sal) from (select sal from emp order by sal desc) where rownum lt= 5 MIN(SAL) ---------- 2850

1 B A method without using MIN () to find the top 5-th record is SELECT distinct (tempsal) FROM EMP temp WHERE 5= (SELECT COUNT (tmpsal) FROM EMP tmp WHERE tempsallt=tmpsal) SAL ---------- 2850

2 The general syntax to retrieve the TOP N-th DISTINCT VALUE is 2A Select MIN(column_name) from (select distinct column_name from table_name order by column_name desc) where rownumlt= N For example the following can be used to find the 5th highest distinct salary from the EMP table Select MIN(sal) from (select distinct sal from emp order by sal desc) where rownum lt= 5 MIN(SAL) ---------- 2450

2 B A method without using MIN () to find the top N-th DISTINCT VALUE is SELECT DISTINCT (tempsal) FROM EMP temp WHERE 5 = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (tmpsal)) FROM EMP tmp WHERE tempsallt=tmpsal) SAL ---------- 2450 3 The general syntax to retrieve the N-th RECORD from the BOTTOM is as follows 3A Select MAX(column_name) from (select column_name from table_name order by column_name ) where rownumlt= N For example the following can be used to find the 5th lowest RECORD from the EMP table SELECT MAX(sal) from (select sal from emp order by sal) where rownum lt= 5 MAX(SAL) ---------- 1250 3B A method without using MAX () to find the bottom N-th RECORD is SELECT distinct (tempsal) FROM EMP temp WHERE 5 = (SELECT COUNT (tmpsal) FROM EMP tmp WHERE tempsalgt=tmpsal) SAL ---------- 1250 4 The general syntax to retrieve the N-th DISTINCT VALUE from the BOTTOM is as follows 4A Select MAX(column_name) from (select distinct column_name from table_name order by column_name ) where rownumlt= N For example the following can be used to find the 5th lowest DISTINCT value from the EMP table Select MAX(sal) from (select distinct sal from emp order by sal) where rownum lt= 5 MAX(SAL) ---------- 1300 4B A method without using MAX() to find the lowest N-th DISTINCT VALUE is SELECT DISTINCT (tempsal) FROM EMP temp WHERE 5 = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (tmpsal)) FROM EMP tmp WHERE tempsalgt=tmpsal) SAL

---------- 1300

HOW TO MAKE THE SELECT STATEMENTS ABOVE MORE DYNAMIC In examples 1A 2A 3A and 4A use the following modification to the query From hellip where rownum lt= 5 To hellip where rownum lt= ampN

In examples 1B 2B 3B and 4B use the following modification to the query From hellip WHERE 5 = (SELECT COUNThellip To hellipWHERE ampN = (SELECT COUNThellip

This change will cause the following prompt for the user Enter value for n ltuser puts in valuegt

How to Stop Connected Message when Running SQLPlus in Silent Mode

When you start sqlplus in silent mode you still get the connected message Example sqlplus -S nolog conn Connected How to stop the Connected from appearing

1 Do not use the nolog option This is causing 2 connections It is the second connection that is echoed Instead start sqlplus as sqlplus -s 2 If you need the nolog then use grep to exclude the Connected line as follows

sqlplus -S nolog | grep -v Connected

How to use New Predefined Variables to Set SQLPROMPT to Display the User Date andor Privileges

To explain the new predefined variables introduced in 10g and how they can be used to make the SQLPLUS Prompt display more informative

These variables are available only in 10g

You can now use substitution variables in the SQLPlus command-line prompt to display for example the database and server you are connected to or other information available through a substitution variable you choose

There are four new predefined variables Predefined Variables _DATE _PRIVILEGE _USER _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER

_DATE contains the current date or a user defined fixed string

_PRIVILEGE contains the privilege level of the current connect This will be either AS SYSDBA AS SYSOPER or blank to indicate a normal connection

_USER contains the username as supplied by the user to make the current connection This is the same as the output from the SHOW USER command

_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER contains the connection identifier information

These variables can be accessed like any other substitution variable For example they could be used in TTITLE in amp substitution variables

They can used in your SQLPlus command line prompt by using the SET SQLPROMPT command For example to make your prompt always show your username (_USER) the symbol and then your connection identifier (_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER) during your session enter

SET SQLPROMPT _USER_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER gt

You can view the predefined variable definitions in the same way as you view other DEFINE definitions using the DEFINE command with no arguments or with the specific argument you wish to display for example

Using DEFINE to display these variables SQLgt DEFINE DEFINE _DATE = 16-MAR-04 (CHAR) DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = isc101 (CHAR) DEFINE _USER = SYS (CHAR) DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = AS SYSDBA (CHAR)

--- --- or to display on one variable SQLgt DEFINE _PRIVILEGE DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = AS SYSDBA (CHAR)

Uses UNDEFINE to remove variable definitions

How to use these variables with SQLPROMPT SET SQLP [ROMPT] SQLgt | text Note SET SQLPROMPT is not supported in iSQLPlus

Variable substitution occurs each time SQLPROMPT is SET If SQLPROMPT is included in gloginsql then substitution variables in SQLPROMPT are refreshed with each login or connect

You need the Select Any Table privilege to successfully run the following example scripts

1 To change your SQLPlus prompt to display your connection identifier enter SQLgt SET SQLPROMPT _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER gt isc101 gt

2 To set the SQLPlus command prompt to show the current user enter SQLgt SET SQLPROMPT _USER gt SCOTT gt

3 To change your SQLPlus prompt to display your the current date the current user and the users privilege level enter SQLgt SET SQLPROMPT _DATE _USER _PRIVILEGEgt 17-MAR-04 SCOTT gt

4 To change your SQLPlus prompt to display a variable you have defined enter SQLgt DEFINE Instance = Prod SQLgt SET SQLPROMPT Instancegt Prodgt

5 Since text in nested quotes is not parsed for substitution to have a SQLPlus prompt of your username followed by and then your connection identifier enter SQLgt SET SQLPROMPT _USER_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER gt SCOTTisc101 gt

At present there is no predefined variable to display the database you are connected toYou can use the notes referenced below for the same

How To Interpret The Time Format

bull goal How To Interpret The Time Format bull fact Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition 7 bull fact Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition 8 bull fact MS Windows NT

bull fact SqlPlus Fix SQLgt set timing on After the SQL statement is executed the time needed for processing the statement is printed into the next line Interpretation Elapsed 00000032 ^ ^ ^ ^ | | | | | | | milliseconds | | seconds | minutes hours SPECIAL NOTE The seconds field will represents the TOTAL TIME in seconds Abstract ELAPSED TIME SHOWS INCORRECTLY FOR DBMS_LOCKSLEEP VALUES GREATER THAN 1 MINUTE The seconds overflow (60 seconds = 1 minute) will not reset the seconds counter so its possible that the seconds field gets more than 2 digits (gt60) Example Elapsed 0105390932 To find the actual seconds the Hours and Minutes must be removed from the total Above example hours 1 minutes 5 seconds 390935 - (13600) - (560) = 932 Converts to hours 1 minutes 5 seconds 9 milliseconds 32 How to Display a Master Detail Relationship in One Row PURPOSE How to display columns as rows This is similar to other line-column transposition that may be in use But here we use outer join to achieve this SCOPE amp APPLICATION

Developers and DBAs (For reporting) SQLgt create table parent (ChildNo varchar2(5) parent varchar2(20)) insert into parent values (E0001 FATHER-JOHN) insert into parent values (E0001 MOTHER-NANCY) insert into parent values (E0002 FATHER-BLAKE) insert into parent values (E0002 MOTHER-SALLY) insert into parent values (E0003 FATHER-WILLIAM) insert into parent values (E0004 MOTHER-JULIE) SQLgt select from parent CHILD PARENT ----- -------------------- E0001 FATHER-JOHN E0001 MOTHER-NANCY E0002 FATHER-BLAKE E0002 MOTHER-SALLY E0003 FATHER-WILLIAM E0004 MOTHER-JULIE SQLgt select distinct cchildno afather bmother from 2 (select childno parent father from parent where parent like FATHER) a 3 (select childno parent mother from parent where parent like MOTHER) b 4 parent c 5 where cchildno=achildno(+) 6 and cchildno=bchildno(+) CHILD FATHER MOTHER ----- -------------------- -------------------- E0001 FATHER-JOHN MOTHER-NANCY E0002 FATHER-BLAKE MOTHER-SALLY E0003 FATHER-WILLIAM E0004 MOTHER-JULIE How To Calculate The Number of Days betweeen Two Dates Excluding Weekends

bull Goal How to calculate the number of days betweeen two dates excluding weekends bull fact Embedded SQL

A table called DATETABLE has two columns BEGDATE and ENDDATE-

rem Calculates the difference between two dates and gives you a number excluding weekends rem This part calculates the difference in whole weeks and then subtracts out the weekends rem rem (trunc(enddateD) - trunc(begdate+6D)) rem - (((trunc(enddateD) - trunc(begdate+6D))7)2) rem rem This part calculates the number of work days in the end week rem rem + decode(to_number(to_char(enddateD))31425364750) rem rem This part calculates the number of work days in the start week rem minus Sunday start day workaround rem rem + decode(to_number(to_char(begdateD))25344352610) rem days eg select (trunc(enddateD) - trunc(begdate+6D)) - (((trunc(enddateD) - trunc(begdate+6D))7)2) + decode(to_number(to_char(enddateD))31425364750) + decode(to_number(to_char(begdateD))25344352610) days from datetable Setting the SQLPlus Prompt to Show Instance Name (SID) How to set the SQLPlus prompt to show your SID set termout off col x new_value y select rtrim(instancechr(0)) x from v$thread set sqlprompt ampy SQLgt set termout on Remember this is NOT dynamic You need to reset it when you change instances ie when you use the connect command to logon to another instance To successfully run the above script you need the Select Any Table privilege NOTE from version 92 this syntax can be used to SET SQLPROMPT amp_CONNECT_IDENTIFIERgt How to Insert a Carriage Return in the Middle of a Select Statement

Goal Trying to do a long select that will ultimately result in 3 lines of output separated by carriage returns For Example Select Dval1 val2 ^M Fval1 val3^MAval1val4^M from value_table Pipes will be used instead of comma delimiters and the output will need to be looked like this D|val1|val2|valx| F|val1|val3|valx| A|val1|val4|valx| Fix Basically carriage return --gt CHR(10) but has to be used with the concatenate symbol || TESTCASE 3 below is probably the closest to what you are looking for For Example SQLgt ed Wrote file afiedtbuf 1 select empno||||ename||||chr(10)||job 2 from emp SQLgt TESTCASE DETAILS TESTCASE 1 SQLgt ed Wrote file afiedtbuf 1 select empno||chr(10)||ename||chr(10) 2 from emp SQLgt EMPNO||CHR(10)||ENAME||CHR(10)||JOB ------------------------------------------ 7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN EMPNO||CHR(10)||ENAME||CHR(10)||JOB ------------------------------------------

7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE EMPNO||CHR(10)||ENAME||CHR(10)||JOB ------------------------------------------ MANAGER 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7788 SCOTT ANALYST etc TESTCASE 2 ========== SQLgt ed Wrote file a 1 select empno||||ename||||job||chr(10) 2 from emp SQLgt EMPNO||||ENAME||||JOB||CHR(10) -------------------------------------------------------- 7369SMITHCLERK 7499ALLENSALESMAN 7521WARDSALESMAN 7566JONESMANAGER 7654MARTINSALESMAN 7698BLAKEMANAGER 7782CLARKMANAGER 7788SCOTTANALYST 7839KINGPRESIDENT 7844TURNERSALESMAN 7876ADAMSCLERK EMPNO||||ENAME||||JOB||CHR(10) -------------------------------------------------------- 7900JAMESCLERK

7902FORDANALYST 7934MILLERCLERK 14 rows selected TESTCASE 3 Closest to the format -- D|val1|val2|valx| -- would be something like this SQLgt ed Wrote file afiedtbuf 1 select empno||||ename||||chr(10)||job 2 from emp SQLgt EMPNO||||ENAME||||CHR(10)||JOB ---------------------------------------------------------- 7369SMITH CLERK 7499ALLEN SALESMAN 7521WARD SALESMAN 7566JONES MANAGER etc How to show the values of a column in a row for both previouscurrent record

How To show the values of a column in a row for both previouscurrent record Suppose a customer wants to show the 1) Profit of the company in the current quarter and Last quarter in same row 2) Profit of the company in the current quarter and Next quarter in same row

Let us assume customer has the following table structure SQLgt desc QR_Profit Name Null Type ----------------------------------------- -------- -------------------

YRQR DATE PROFIT NUMBER SQLgt select from QR_Profit YRQR PROFIT --------- ---------- 31-DEC-02 10 31-MAR-03 11 30-JUN-03 12 30-SEP-03 12 Following query will show the profit for current quarter and Last quarter in same row SQLgt select yrqr profitlag(profit10) over (order by yrqr) Last_Quarter from QR_Profit YRQR PROFIT LAST_QUARTER --------- ---------- ------------ 31-DEC-02 10 0 31-MAR-03 11 10 30-JUN-03 12 11 30-SEP-03 12 12 Following query will show Profit in the current quarter and Next quarter in same row SQLgt select yrqr profitlead(profit10) over (order by yrqr) Next_Quarter from QR_Profit YRQR PROFIT NEXT_QUARTER --------- ---------- ------------ 31-DEC-02 10 11 31-MAR-03 11 12 30-JUN-03 12 12 30-SEP-03 12 0 How to Create a Matrix Report in SQLPLUS Goal When you query any table in relational database the datas are represented as row format That means each record in the table is represented in row But to analyze the data the above format would not be enough there you need data in 3-dimensional format ie to represent in rectangular format ( popularly know as matrix format ) Where you will have a row attribute column attribute and cell which shows the values for the corresponding row and column attribute

Eg Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4 Row1 Row2 Row3 Row4 How to achieve the same in sqlplus without using any other tools Note - The same output format can be easily designed thru Oracle Reports writer Fix Here I am showing an example shows the noof people joined in a department on year basis The query is based on ScottEMP table SQLgt select empnodeptnohiredate from emp EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE ---------- ---------- --------- 7369 20 17-DEC-80 7499 30 20-FEB-81 7521 30 22-FEB-81 7566 20 02-APR-81 7654 30 28-SEP-81 7698 30 01-MAY-81 7782 10 09-JUN-81 7788 20 19-APR-87 7839 10 17-NOV-81 7844 30 08-SEP-81 7876 20 23-MAY-87 EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE ---------- ---------- --------- 7900 30 03-DEC-81 7902 20 03-DEC-81 7934 10 23-JAN-82 14 rows selected Now the same query represented in matrix format select deptno sum(decode(to_char(hiredateRRRR)198010)) 1980 sum(decode(to_char(hiredateRRRR)198110)) 1981 sum(decode(to_char(hiredateRRRR)198210)) 1982 sum(decode(to_char(hiredateRRRR)198710)) 1987 from emp group by deptno

DEPTNO 1980 1981 1982 1987 ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 10 0 2 1 0 20 1 2 0 2 30 0 6 0 0 Which shows the no of employee joined to departments in the above years Note - The only drawback here is the column can not be added automatically That means for each column and corresponding cell values to display then the column need to be defined in query How to Check a Particular Format for Any Field thru SQL Goal How to validate the data saved in a column Let us assume a table CUSTOMER with lot of records saved We want to check the column CUSTID with a particular format like 99 So that we can update all records of the tablecolumn in the same format Fix Let us take an example for table Customer SQLgt desc customer Name Null Type ----------------------------------------- -------- CUSTID VARCHAR2(10) SQLgt select from customer CUSTID ---------- IN-CTC-001 IN-BNG-001 IN-BNG-12 IN-MUM-01 We need to check if any of these records keeps the format XX-XXX-999 Write the query to get the result SQLgt SELECT custid FROM customer where TRANSLATE(CUSTID 0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ- 9999999999XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-) =XX-XXX-999 CUSTID ---------- IN-CTC-001 IN-BNG-001

View the Source Code Of A Procedure

Is it possible to provide a Grant such that User can view only the source code of Procedure but not execute it

A Grant option would allow the user to execute the Procedure To allow the User to just view the source code of the Procedure try the following 1) Create a view like create view view_name as select text from all_source where type=PROCEDURE and name=PROCEDURE-NAME 2) Grant select on the View created above This way the user can do a select of the View and see the source code of the Procedure How to Find or Delete Duplicate Rows in a Table PROBLEM DESCRIPTION How do you find or delete duplicate rows in a table SOLUTION DESCRIPTION The following SELECT statement will find and display all duplicate rows in a table except the row with the maximum ROWID The example uses the dept table SELECT FROM dept a WHERE ROWID ltgt(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM dept b WHERE adeptno = bdeptno AND adname = bdname AND aloc = bloc) The following statement will delete all duplicate rows in a table except the row with the maximum ROWID DELETE FROM dept a WHERE ROWID ltgt (SELECT MAX (ROWID) FROM dept b WHERE adeptno = bdeptno AND adname = bdname AND aloc = bloc)

Alternatively DELETE FROM dept a WHERE 1 lt (SELECT COUNT (deptno) FROM dept b WHERE adeptno = bdeptno AND adname = bdname AND aloc = bloc) EXPLANATION Using the pseudo column ROWID is the fastest way to access a row ROWID represents a unique storage identification number for a single row in a table (Note Two rows on different tables but stored in the same cluster may have the same rowid value) Duplicate rows which contain only null columns however will not be identified by either of the two methods above In such a case simply DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno IS NULL AND dname IS NULL AND loc IS NULL How do I create a flat ASCII file without rows wrapping PROBLEM DESCRIPTION You want to create a flat file with the output from a SQL query When you execute the query the rows are wrapped around How can you prevent this wrap-around SOLUTION DESCRIPTION To store the SQL query results in a file you need to enter the SPOOL command in SQLPlus SQLgt SPOOL file_name If you do not follow the filename with a period and an extension SPOOL adds a default file extension to the filename to identify it as an output file The default varies with the host operating system On most hosts it is LST or LIS To create a flat file in SQLPlus you first must enter the following SET commands in SQLPlus SET NEWPAGE O SET SPACE 0 SET LINESIZE 80 SET PAGESIZE 0

SET ECHO OFF SET FEEDBACK OFF SET HEADING OFF After entering these commands use the SPOOL command as above to create the flat file (If the line size is too small you may set it to a larger number If you do this you may need to use another command SET BUFFER xxxx where xxxx is the same size as the line size) How do I create an output file with commas between the columns You will need to produce a SQL file for the table so that the table output will have commas between the columns How do I calculate an average date with time component Problem Explanation You want to calculate the difference between two average timestamps Solution Description Use a format mask without characters If a table (x) has a date field (a) with two rows 01-jan-96 0110 01-jan-96 0120 SQLgt select avg( to_number( to_char(aMMDDYYHHMI) ) ) from x AVG(TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(AMMDDYYHHMI))) --------------------------------------- 101960115 The average time of 110 and 120 gives 115 for the hours date is the same Solution Explanation 1 The following SELECT gives you the seconds past midnight then displays in hhmmss select to_char(sysdate sssss) to_char(sysdate hhmmss) from dual 2 The following SELECT will convert the seconds past midnight back to display as hhmmss select substr(to_char(sysdate sssss)18) substr(to_char(sysdate hhmiss)18) substr(trunc(to_char(sysdate sssss)3600) 1 10) substr(trunc(mod(to_char(sysdate sssss)3600)60) 1 10)

substr(mod(mod(to_char(sysdate sssss)3600)60) 1 10) from dual How to insert amp character or special character into Database using SQLPlus

bull goal How to insert amp character or special character into Database using SQLPlus bull fact Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition

Fix Solution 1 If you are not using substitution variables (amp1 amp2 amp3 etc) you can do a SET DEFINE OFF or SET SCAN OFF to turn off the definition of the ampersand as a substitution variable Example SQLgt SET DEFINE OFF SQLgt INSERT INTO lttable_namegt VALUES (ATampT) 1 row created Solution 2 If you are using substitution variables set the substitution character to one which will not be encountered when inserting data Example SQLgt SET DEFINE SQLgt INSERT INTO lttemp_tablegt VALUES (ATampT) 1 row created Solution 3 If you precede the special character with a backslash and the ESCAPE setting in SQLPlus is set to ON then SQLPlus will understand the special character following the escape symbol is to be treated as a regular character Example SQLgtset escape on SQLgtshow escape escape (hex 5c) SQLgt INSERT INTO temp_table VALUES (select from emp where ename = amp 1) 1 row created How to embed Single Quote in a string

Problem Description How do you embed single quotes ( ) into a character string How do you concatenate a quote in SQL How do you place quotes around a character string in a SQL query How do you store an apostrophe into a character variable in PLSQL Problem Explanation Example 1 When you issue either of the following SELECT statements SQLgt SELECT FROM dual SQLgt SELECT FROM dual the following error occurs ORA-0xxx quoted string not properly terminated Example 2 When you issue the following SELECT statement SQLgt SELECT character string in quotes FROM dual the following error occurs ORA-00923 FROM keyword not found where expected CONCATENATE CHR(39) TO CREATE LITERAL SINGLE QUOTE Solution Description To create a single quote concatenate CHR(39) to the string Example 1 --------- SQLgt SELECT test || CHR(39) || case result 2gt FROM dual RESULT --------- testcase Example 2 --------- SQLgt SELECT CHR(39) FROM dual C -

Solution Explanation To return the ASCII value of the single quote ( ) SQLgt SELECT ASCII() FROM dual ASCII() ----------- 39 USE 2 SINGLE QUOTES TO CREATE 1 SINGLE QUOTE Solution Description Keep the following two rules in mind 1 Enclose every character string in single quotes The single quote is a string delimiter 2 Inside a string literal use two consecutive single quotes to create a literal single quote Example 1 --------- 6 single quotes test || || case ---gt testcase 8 single quotes test || || case ---gt testcase You can also implement the above in the following way testcase ---gt testcase testcase ---gt testcase Hence a To create a single quote concatenate 4 single quotes The two single quotes in the middle define the single quote The outside single quotes are the single quotes that must surround a string Example 2 --------- SQLgt SELECT FROM dual - Example 3 --------- SQLgt SELECT test || || case result 2gt FROM dual

RESULT --------- testcase b To place single quotes around a character string enclose the character string within 3 single quotes At the start of a character string the first single quote defines the start of the character string It is one of the two single quotes that surround the string The second and third single quotes define the literal single quote At the end of the character string the first and second single quotes define the literal single quote The third single quote closes the character string it is the other single quote that surrounds the string Example 4 --------- SQLgt SELECT character string in quotes result 2gt FROM dual RESULT ---------------------------- character string in quotes Solution Explanation More examples Example 5 --------- SRWDO_SQL(SELECT DECODE(dname NONE NULL A) FROM dept WHERE deptno = 10) As a result this is the SELECT statement sent to the database SELECT DECODE(dname NONE NULL A) FROM dept WHERE deptno = 10 Example 6 --------- DECLARE a VARCHAR2(200) q CHAR(1) = BEGIN a = this is a || q || quoted string || q END String a stores this is a quoted string How to do a case insensitive search using the LIKE operator

Problem Description How can a user perform a case insensitive match using the LIKE comparison operator Problem Explanation The field in a table may be entered in different cases for example MacDonald and MACDONALD - how can a single SQL query using the LIKE operator find all occurrences of the name MacDonald Solution Description You can use the UPPER () function to perform a case insensitive match as in the following condition For example to find an employee name in a string beginning with the letters SM - SQL gt select from emp where UPPER (ename) like SM Solution Explanation The UPPER function converts the ename field results in the searched column to upper case For example the strings smith and Smith and SMITH will all become SMITH How to Create Column Delimited Flat File Problem Description How can SQLPlus be used to create a delimited flat file Problem Explanation When moving data between different software products it is sometimes necessary to use a flat file ( an operating system file with no escape characters headings or extra characters embedded ) CONCATENATE COLUMN SEPARATOR IN QUERY AND SPOOL Solution Description Concatenate the desired column separator into the query For example To delineate column text with TABs ----------------------------------- SQLgt select DEPTNO || CHR(9) || DNAME FROM DEPT DEPTNO||CHR(9)||DNAME ------------------------------------------------------- 10 ACCOUNTING 20 RESEARCH

30 SALES 40 OPERATIONS The CHR() SQL character function is used to embed the TAB in the query text To delineate column text with COMMAs ------------------------------------- SQLgt select DEPTNO || || DNAME FROM DEPT DEPTNO||||DNAME ------------------------------------------------------- 10ACCOUNTING 20RESEARCH 30SALES 40OPERATIONS To send your query results to a file use the following SQLPlus SET commands before running your query SET TERMOUT OFF SET NEWPAGE 0 SET SPACE 0 SET LINESIZE 80 SET PAGESIZE 0 SET ECHO OFF SET FEEDBACK OFF SET HEADING OFF SPOOL file_name lt your querygt SPOOL OFF SET TERMOUT ON Solution Explanation SQLPlus versions 30x and 31x do not have a SET command to specify a column separator to delineate text between columns NOTE The result of concatenating two character strings is another character string If both character strings are of datatype CHAR the result has datatype CHAR and is limited to a maximum result of 255 characters If either string is VARCHAR2 the result has datatype VARCHAR2 and is limited to a maximum result of 2000 characters Solution Description Use the SQLPlus 32x COLSEP SET command For example

To send your query results to a comma delimited flat file use the following SQLPlus commands SET TERMOUT OFF SET NEWPAGE 0 SET SPACE 0 SET LINESIZE 80 SET PAGESIZE 0 SET ECHO OFF SET FEEDBACK OFF SET HEADING OFF SET COLSEP SPOOL file_name lt your querygt SPOOL OFF SET TERMOUT ON Solution Explanation SQLPlus 32x has the COLSEP SET command Previous versions of SQLPlus did not have COLSEP This solution will send the query results to a file with the text printed between the SELECTed columns as specified by the SET COLSEP command If the COLSEP variable contains blanks or punctuation characters you must enclose the text with single quotes Method to create SQL file with comma-delimited output SOLUTION DESCRIPTION The SQL script below when executed will produce a second SQL file for the table so that the listed table output will have commas between the columns REM REM COMMASQL REM ------ REM Generate SELECT statements using Catalog tables REM REM Usage COMMA tablename outputfilename REM REM tablename Any table name (standard SQL wildcards accepted eg for all) REM outputfilename Target SQL file name (no extension SQL REM extension supplied automatically REM

SET FEEDBACK OFF SET VERIFY OFF SET TERMOUT OFF SET PAGES 999 SET HEADING OFF COL tabname NOPRINT COL seqno NOPRINT COL seq2 NOPRINT SELECT table_name tabname 1 seqno 0 seq2 SELECT txt FROM user_tables WHERE table_name LIKE UPPER(amp1) UNION SELECT table_name tabname 2 seqno column_id seq2 DECODE(column_id 1 ||||)||column_name txt FROM user_tab_columns WHERE table_name LIKE UPPER(amp1) and exists ( select 1 from user_tables where user_tablestable_name = user_tab_columnstable_name ) UNION SELECT table_name 3 seqno 0 seq2 FROM ||table_name|| txt FROM user_tables WHERE table_name LIKE UPPER(amp1) ORDER BY 123 SPOOL amp2sql SPOOL OFF SET FEEDBACK ON SET VERIFY ON SET TERMOUT ON

SET HEADING ON How to Query top N rows ordered by a column Problem Description What SQL SELECT statement do you use to retrieve the top n rows ordered by a particular column Problem Explanation Solution Description To return exactly n rows ordered by a column create a query similar to the following SELECT FROM table A WHERE n gt= (SELECT COUNT() FROM table B WHERE Bcolumn gt= Acolumn) ORDER BY column DESC where n is the number of rows to be retrieved and ordered table is the name of the table and column is the name of the column The first SELECT statement controls the number of rows while the nested second SELECT statement controls the condition The query returns the first n ordered rows If n=10 and Rows 8-12 share the same column value this only return Rows 9 and 10 The above SELECT statement does not take duplicate column values into consideration Solution Explanation To return any row whose column value is one of the top n ordered column values create a query similar to the following SELECT FROM table A WHERE n gt= (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT column) FROM column B WHERE Bcolumn gt= Acolumn) ORDER BY column DESC Specifying DISTINCT return all rows whose column (eg sal) value falls into one of the top n values Hence the query returns more than n rows when several rows share the same column value How do you convert a character field into a date format without losing the century data Problem Description

When you convert a character field into a date field the century information is lost How do you convert a character field into date format without losing the century data Solution Description To retain the four digit century information you must convert the date field back into a character string For example the query is SQLgt select TO_CHAR (HIREDATE DD-MON-YYYY) from EMP Where HIREDATE = TO_DATE (17-NOV-1981 DD-MON-YYYY) The results of the query which show the full four character century are TO_CHAR (HIREDATEDD-MON-YYYY) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-NOV-1981

How do I set the SQLPlus search path for SQL scripts Answer Set SQLPATH environment variable Add all the directories you want SQLPlus to search for the SQL scripts each separated by a semicolon Example SQLPATH = CORANTDBSCAPPSSCRIPTSCMYSCRIPTS In Windows environment if you are using 32-bit SQLPlus then set this variable in the Registry or if you are using 16-bit SQLPlus then set this variable in the file Oracleini How do I get the system date and time over DBLINK You cannot use SYSDATE or USER to get the SYSDATE USER over DBLINK due to a known restriction with these functions For this you can use the following workaround Step-1 On the remote machine populate a table with the SYSDATE USER values using a stored procedure on the remote machine CREATE TABLE db_table (mydate DATE) CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE db_date as mydate date BEGIN DELETE FROM db_table SELECT SYSDATE INTO mydate FROM DUAL INSERT INTO db_table VALUES (mydate) END Step-2

On local machine select the data from the table which has been populated using the stored procedure EXECUTE db_datedblink SELECT mydate FROM db_tabledblink

How do I execute SQL scripts in batch You can execute any SQL script using the SQLPlus command in a batch file The format of the command is as follows SQLPlus-Executable USERNAMEPASSWORDCONNECT_STRING Sql-script For Example Plus31 scotttigerorcl c scriptsql will execute the script scriptsql on c drive Suppose the contents of scriptsql is as follows SELECT FROM emp host dirp EXIT Executing the above example command will display the emp records in the SQLPlus window and would list the directory in a command window The exit command in the last line will close the SQLPlus session

How do I display the time component of a date column To retrieve the time information use the TO_CHAR function with a format mask Examples SELECT To_Char(datecolumn DD-MON-YY HH24MISS) FROM mytable globalhi = To_Char(time1 DD-MON-YY HHMISS) The data returns in the following format 01-SEP-94 150101

How do you skip a page in a SQLPlus report You can skip a page in SQLPlus reports by making use of the following statement BREAK ON X SKIP PAGE COMPUTE SUM OF Y ON X SELECT fld1fld2 FROM tab1tab2 WHERE x=y GROUP BY fld1fld2 ORDER BY fld1

Is there a way to document my SQL command and file You can do this in two ways

1 SQL comment delimiters () EX SQLgt select ename this is a comment delimiter example from This is another example emp 2 REMARK - Begins a remark in a command file - Must appear at the beginning of a line and ends at the end of the line - A line cannot contain both a remark and a command For example get remsql 1 Rem This is an example of how REM is used 2 Column sal format $9999999 heading - 3 Monthly|salary 4 Compute sum od sal on deptno 5 Rem This sql script will total the salaries 6 Rem of all employees in each department 7 Select deptno ename sal from emp 8 order by deptno

How do I include the current date and time in a SQLPlus report heading The following SQLPlus command file segment shows how to put the current date into a variable and then include that variable in the title To get the time just change the mask in the to_char function to include that as well COLUMN SYSDATE new_value today SELECT To_Char(SYSDATEmmddyy) sysdate FROM DUAL TTITLE left today center MY HEADING OR TITLE skip 2 The use of new_value shown here applies in general to any value selected into a column specified in the COLUMN xxx NEW_VALUE command It can be used to display various data in the title of a report How To Trim Lines When Spooling To remove trailing blanks at the end of each line enter the following statement on the command prompt before the spool command SQLgt set trimspool on

How to insert lsquoamprsquo character or special character into Database using SQLPlus Solution 1 If you are not using substitution variables (amp1 amp2 amp3 etc) you can do a SET DEFINE OFF or SET SCAN OFFrdquo to turn off the definition of the ampersand as a substitution variable Example SQLgt SET DEFINE OFF

SQLgt INSERT INTO lttable_namegt VALUES (ATampT) 1 row created Solution 2 If you are using substitution variables set the substitution character to one which will not be encountered when inserting data Example SQLgt SET DEFINE SQLgt INSERT INTO lttemp_tablegt VALUES (ATampT) 1 row created Solution 3 If you precede the special character with a backslash and the ESCAPE setting in SQLPlus is set to ON then SQLPlus will understand the special character following the escape symbol is to be treated as a regular character Example SQLgtset escape on SQLgtshow escape escape (hex 5c) SQLgt INSERT INTO temp_table VALUES (select from emp where ename = amp 1) 1 row created

How to Insert Special Characters Into Database First pay attention the database you use is able to deal with the special characters you want to insert That means you have to check if the special character is included in your database characterset Here just an example how to insert these special characters Assume you want to insert the following sample string consisting of several single characters which are concated to one string -Ob)EBK+`a^cQH To be able to do this mask each single (single quote) with just one preceeding (single quote)If just two (two single quotes) signs have to be inserted use four (four single quotes) The following will work SQLgtinsert into test VALUES (-Ob)EBK+`a^cQH) 1 row created

SQLgt select from test A -------------------------- -Ob)EBK+`a^cQH Be aware of the characters ( at the beginning and the characters ) at the end of the string you want to insert How To Create a Flat File In SQLPlus Without Showing Statement or Spool Off Create a script eg reportsql with the following contents set NEWPAGE 0 set SPACE 0 set LINESIZE 80 set PAGESIZE 0 set ECHO OFF set FEEDBACK OFF set HEADING OFF spool reporttxt select sysdate from dual lt--- your SQL statement here spool off Run the script from SQLPlus SQLgt reportsql

How to SELECT Columns as Rows Using SQL Example Using a UNION and VIEW should do the transformation like create table p ( product varchar(16) attr1 varchar(16) attr2 varchar(16) attr3 varchar(16) ) insert into p values ( product_1 attr_11 att_12 attr_13) insert into p values ( product_2 attr_21 att_22 attr_23) insert into p values ( product_3 attr_31 att_32 attr_33) commit create view vv as select from (select product attr1 from p union (select product attr2 from p union (select product attr3 from p ) Output SQLgt select from vv PRODUCT ATTR1 ---------------- ----------------

product_1 att_12 product_1 attr_11 product_1 attr_13 product_2 att_22 product_2 attr_21 product_2 attr_23 product_3 att_32 product_3 attr_31 product_3 attr_33

How to Change the Displayed Font in SQLPlus (GUI) To Change the Windows GUI Font 1 Select Run from the the Start menu and then enter regedit in the Open field and Click OK to start the registry Editor 2 Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREORACLEHOME0 NoteIf you have more than one Oracle installation you must select the HOME entry associated with the Windows GUI you want to change HOME0 is the registry entry for an Oracle installation A subsequent Oracle installation will have the registry entry HOME1 and the next HOME2 and so on Changes only affect a SQLPlus Windows GUI started from the associated Oracle installation so you can use different settings for each Oracle installation 3 Click New String Value in the Edit menu A new string value with the default name NewValue 1 is created at the bottom of the right pane of the Registry Editor The default name of the new string value is selected ready for you to replace with the name you want 4 Enter SQLPLUS_FONT as the name of the new font face string valueIf you miskey the name or inadvertently enter it in mixed or lower case you can edit the name by selecting Rename from the Edit menu 5 Click Modify from the Edit menu or press Enter again to display the Edit String dialog 6 Enter the font name you want to use such as Courier New in the Value Data field SQLPlus will use the new font the next time you start the SQLPlus Windows GUI Modify Password and Suppressing Typed Password in SQLPLUS Use sqlplus functionality passw just enter on sqlplus prompt SQLPLUSgt passw and new password wil not be echoed How to Select and Display a Certain Number of Records Problem Description Customer needs to select from a table and display only a limited number of records Example would be select all Smiths from address table but only display the first 10 or what ever

Solution Description Several solutions are available from very simple to slightly complex Solution 1 (simple) SQLgt select empno from emp where empno like 7 and rownum lt= 10 EMPNO --------- 7369 7499 7521 7566 7654 7698 7782 7788 7839 7844 10 rows selected Solution 2 SQLgt l 1 declare 2 v_counter number(3)=+0 3 v_empno empempnotype 4 cursor emp_cursor is 5 select empno 6 from emp 7 where empno like 7 8 begin 9 open emp_cursor 10 loop 11 exit when emp_cursornotfound 12 fetch emp_cursor into v_empno 13 v_counter = v_counter +1 14 exit when emp_cursornotfound or v_counter gt 10 15 dbms_outputput_line(v_empno || || v_counter) 16 end loop 17 close emp_cursor 18 end SQLgt 7369 1 7499 2 7521 3 7566 4 7654 5 7698 6 7782 7 7788 8 7839 9 7844 10 PLSQL procedure successfully completed Solution 3 set serveroutput on

accept select_info prompt please enter select accept where_info prompt please enter where declare v_counter number(3)=+0 v_ampselect_info empampselect_infotype cursor emp_cursor is select ampselect_info from emp where ampselect_info like ampwhere_info begin open emp_cursor loop exit when emp_cursornotfound fetch emp_cursor into v_ampselect_info v_counter = v_counter +1 exit when emp_cursornotfound or v_counter gt 10 dbms_outputput_line(v_ampselect_info || || v_counter) end loop close emp_cursor end

How to Number Rows After They Have been Sorted Problem description SQLPlus users sometimes want to have rows numbered in a sorted order This cant be achieved using the ROWNUM pseudo column since the ordering is done after the values for ROWNUM had been assigned to rows as they were selected in random order This is illustrated in the following example The first selection shows the unsorted selection of ename and rownum from emp and the second selection illustrates how ROWNUM is useless as a numbering device for ordered selections because the values of ROWNUM are assigned before the ordering is performed SQLgt select ename rownum from emp ENAME ROWNUM ---------- ---------- ALLEN 1 JONES 2 BLAKE 3 CLARK 4 KING 5 ADAMS 6 JAMES 7 FORD 8 SQLgt select ename rownum from emp order by ename ENAME ROWNUM ---------- ---------- ADAMS 6 ALLEN 1 BLAKE 3 CLARK 4 FORD 8 JAMES 7 JONES 2 KING 5

Solution Explanation The following select statement achieves the desired orderingnumbering SQLgt select Aename count() position 2 from emp A emp B 3 where Aename gt Bename 4 or Aename = Bename and Aempno gt= Bempno 5 group by Aempno Aename 6 order by Aename Aempno ENAME POSITION ---------- ---------- ADAMS 1 ALLEN 2 BLAKE 3 CLARK 4 FORD 5 JAMES 6 JONES 7 KING 8 This method works by counting the number of records that a particular record is superior than (or equal to) in alphabetical order of employee name The empno column acts as a unique key to discern between records in case identical names occur in the table This would not be an efficient method against tables with large numbers of rows Another alternative is to create an index on the order column and include a meaningless where clause to force use of the index SQLgt create index sort on emp (ename) Index created SQLgt select ename rownum from emp where ename gt ENAME ROWNUM ---------- ---------- ADAMS 1 ALLEN 2 BLAKE 3 CLARK 4 FORD 5 JAMES 6 JONES 7 KING 8 The where clause in the query forces SQLPlus to use the index created on the ename column and since the index is used the rows are returned in ascending order Since this method depends on the inherent order of the index it cannot be used to return rows numbered in descending order The last method presented takes advantage of a feature of the database kernel optimizer SQLgt select rownum ename 2 from emp dual 3 where empename = dualdummy (+) ROWNUM ENAME ---------- ---------- 1 ADAMS

2 ALLEN 3 BLAKE 4 CLARK 5 FORD 6 JAMES 7 JONES 8 KING The optimizer evaluates the outer join in this example by using a sortmerge join which results in the desired sorted order Missing Label when Computing is Done on the First Column PROBLEM Your label is missing when doing computes of the first column on a report break In other words suppose you do the following in SQLPlus SQLgt break on report SQLgt compute count of deptno on report SQLgt select from dept DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON ---------- 4 Notice the lack of the count label This happens in report breaks where the computation is performed on the first column Normally the compute labels for a report break always appear in the first column For example if I had performed the count computation on the second column DNAME I would have gotten SQLgt clear computes Computes cleared SQLgt compute count of dname on report SQLgt select from dept DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON -------------- count 4 In this case no computation is performed on the first column so SQLPlus is free to place the count label in the first column RESOLUTION The following approach was proposed use a dummy first column to hold the compute label when you want a compute of the first column on a report break Heres how it works with our original example SQLgt clear computes

computes cleared SQLgt clear breaks breaks cleared SQLgt break on report SQLgt compute count of deptno on report SQLgt col summary format a7 SQLgt select summary dept from dept SUMMARY DEPTNO DNAME LOC ------- ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON ---------- count 4 Thus we create a dummy left most column named SUMMARY (or whatever is appropriate) to hold the count label Notice that as the first element of the SELECT list we specify the constant expression (a blank string) and give it a column alias of SUMMARY How to exit multiple connection attempts to DB from SQLPlus when first connection attempt fails Purpose The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to make only one connection attempt to the database and then exit so SQLPlus does not bring up the username prompt again This technique can then be used in scripts or batch files to automatically handle failing SQLPlus connections eg In backup scripts or batch jobs SQLPlus example from Unix Prompt sqlplus nolog ltltEOF whenever sqlerror exit connect scotttigernotthere EOF SQLPlus example for Windows Create a SQL Script connectsql as follows whenever sqlerror exit connect scotttigernotthere From DOS Prompt Start this script as follows sqlplus nolog connectsql

How to restrict SQL commands using PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE It is possible to disable the following commands ALTER

AUDIT CREATE DELETE DROP GRANT INSERT LOCK NOAUDIT RENAME REVOKE SELECT UPDATE VALIDATE Example To disable the SELECT statement for SCOTT 1 Insert in the table PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE the next row SQLgt insert into product_user_profile values (SQLPlus SCOTT SELECT NULL NULL DISABLED NULL NULL) 2 When the user SCOTT tries to execute the command SELECT he will obtain the error SP2-0544 Invalid command SELECT

How to Get a Heading After Set Pagesize 0 When setting PAGESIZE to 0 then the column headings will be suppressed Use the following example to generate a heading SQL-script (t1sql) set pagesize 0 set feedback off select Number Name from dual select ---------- ------- from dual select empno ename from emp SQLgt t1 =gt Result Number Name ---------- ------- 7369 SMITH 7499 ALLEN 7521 WARD 7566 JONES

How to Include a New Line Character in an Insert Statement from SQLPlus Concatenate the ASCII value CHR (10) in between the data where the carriage return is required

EG INSERT INTO ltTABLE NAMEgt VALUES (HELLO||CHR (10) ||HOW ARE YOU) The above insert statement will insert into the table as two separate lines How to remove whitespace when spooling a select statement Example- Create table test as below SQLgt desc test Name Null Type -------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- COL1 NUMBER COL2 VARCHAR2(20) SQLgt select concat(ltrim(to_char(col1))ltrim(col2)) from test Removes all whitespace between columns Set heading off - removes headings Set pagesize 0 - removes pagebreaks

How To Append a Carriage Return To the End of a Record In a Spooled File A typical scenario would be if a file is created with multiple columns piped together placing a carriage return (CHR(10)) at the end of each record The carriage return is placed at the end of the record length set by LINESIZE instead of immediately following the last column Use SET TRIMSPOOL ON to have the carriage return follow the last column Example spool ltfilenamegt set linesize 100 set heading off set trimspool off select dname|||||loc|||||chr(10) from dept --carriage return set at position 100 set trimspool on select dname|||||loc|||||chr(10) from dept --carriage return after last iquest|iquest character spool off

How To Pass Parameters Containing Spaces To SQLPLUS On Unix the parameter(s) follow on command line and have to be quoted SQLPLUS scotttiger test This is a test

They then can be selected with SELECT amp1 FROM sysdual ON VMS that has to happen as follows SQLPLUS scotttiger test This is a test SQLPLUS scotttiger test This is a testampquot

How To Display a Long Column in Oracle SQLPlus Use the SET command SET Long xxxx

How to Create a Flat ASCII File From SQLPlus To create a flat file from within SQLPlus use the following SET commands in SQLPlus SQLgt SET NEWPAGE O SQLgt SET SPACE 0 SQLgt SET LINESIZE 80 SQLgt SET PAGESIZE 0 SQLgt SET ECHO OFF SQLgt SET FEEDBACK OFF SQLgt SET HEADING OFF Use the SPOOL command to store query result in a file SQLgt SPOOL ltfile_namegt SQLPlus stores all information displayed on the screen after the SPOOL command is entered in the specified file If no file extension is specified SPOOL add a default file extension to the filename to identify it as an output file usually LIS or LST depending on host operating system SQLPlus continues to spool information to the file until spooling is turned off using the following command SQLgt SPOOL OFF

How To Remove The Default Single Space Between Fields From The Output Of a SELECT Statement In SQLPlus This can be done using the SET COLSEP command Use this command before executing the SELECT statement SET COLSEP NOTE Do not leave space between the single quote symbols

How to Suppress The rows will be truncated Message in SQLPlus When the SQLPlus setting WRAP is set to OFF and rows need to be displayed which are larger then the setting of LINESIZE the message rows will be truncated will be reported There are two solutions to circumvent this 1 Set the SQLPlus setting LINESIZE to a value larger than the maximum length of the rows to be selected SQLgt set wrap off SQLgt set linesize 32767 (32K is maximum value) 2 Enable wrapping do not truncate rows SQLgt set wrap on How to Display the Entire Contents of Long Fields Use the command SET LONG ltngt where ltngt is the max length of the column that will be showed Example SQLgt SET LONG 500

Solution

How to Delete Line Feeds and Carriage Returns from Varchar2 Data Goal

How to delete carriage returns and line feeds contained within the varchar2 field data

Solution

You can perform the following nested replace sql statement using the replace command to delete the linefeeds and the carriage returns SELECT REPLACE (REPLACE (column name CHR (13) lsquorsquo) CHR (10) ) FROM tablename

How to Setup Date Format or Specific Variables in iSQLPlus 9i Goal

How to set NLS_DATE_FORMAT in iSQL plus 92

Solution

A- For a session you can user command

alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT B- To set it permanently 1- Modify the $ORACLE_HOMEsqlplusadminisqplusconf file to add -initial-env for NLS_LANG and NLS_DATE_FORMAT as follow ltIfModule mod_fastcgicgt FastCgiServer emeardbms32bitapporacleproduct920binisqlplus -initial-env SHLIB_PATH -initial-env LD_LIBRARY_PATH -initial-env ORACLE_HOME -initial-env ORACLE_SID -initial-env TNS_ADMIN -initial-env NLS_LANG -initial-env NLS_NCHAR -initial-env NLS_LANG -initial-env NLS_DATE_FORMAT -initial-env iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads=20 -initial-env iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval=30 -initial-env iSQLPlusLogLevel=off -initial-env iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap=none -idle-timeout 3600 ltIfModulegt 2- Set ENV variable at UNIX level NLS_LANG and NLS_DATE_FORMAT 3- Restart apache 4- Start sqlplus and the Date format will match NLS_DATE_FORMAT value

What Is the Command that Replaces Spool in iSQLPlus Goal

Spool command is no longer a valid command in iSQLPlus What is the new command to replace it

Solution

iSQLPlus works in a different way to generate the output to file The file output is html instead of text Review iSQLPlus -gt Help -gt The iSQLPlus User Interface -gt Output It states File when the contents of the input area are executed the resulting output is saved to a file You are

Solution

ltinit-paramgt

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ltinit-paramgt

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ltinit-paramgt

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ltinit-paramgt

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ltinit-paramgt

For example

---------- 1300

Solution

For example

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Solution

For example

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Solution

For example

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Solution

For example

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

Documents

SQL_Plus_How_To_s