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THET NAUNG HTUT
SQL
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
1
Table of ContentsSQL INTRO .............................................................................................................. 8
SQL Syntax ............................................................................................................. 9
SQL SELECT Statement ........................................................................................10
SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement ...........................................................................11
SQL WHERE Clause ................................................................................................11
SQL AND & OR Operators .......................................................................................13
SQL ORDER BY Keyword ........................................................................................14
SQL INSERT INTO Statement ..................................................................................15
SQL UPDATE Statement .........................................................................................16
SQL DELETE Statement ..........................................................................................17
SQL TOP Clause .....................................................................................................18
SQL LIKE Operator .................................................................................................20
SQL Wildcards........................................................................................................21
SQL IN Operator .....................................................................................................22
SQL BETWEEN Operator .........................................................................................23
SQL Alias ...............................................................................................................24
SQL Joins ...............................................................................................................25
SQL INNER JOIN Keyword .......................................................................................26
SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword ..........................................................................................27
SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword .......................................................................................28
SQL FULL JOIN Keyword .........................................................................................29
SQL UNION Operator ..............................................................................................30
SQL SELECT INTO Statement..................................................................................31
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement ........................................................................33
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement ...............................................................................33
SQL Constraints .....................................................................................................34
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2
SQL NOT NULL Constraint ......................................................................................34
SQL UNIQUE Constraint ..........................................................................................35
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint .................................................................................36
SQL CHECK Constraint ...........................................................................................37
SQL DEFAULT Constraint ........................................................................................39
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WINDOW PC mysql install mysql installating sql XAMPP XAMPP
What is XAMPP? Apache web server install MySQL, PHPand Perl server XAMPP Apache install XAMPP MySQL, PHP and Perl download, extract and start Apache internet server limit free server
WINDOW XAMPP (http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html)
XAMPP package download software window vista window7
Start >control panel>User Accounts and Family Safety>Turn user Account Control on or off>[turn user account control on or off ]
Download XAMPP run run window enter Yes or NO
yes run x y x run Run XAMPP Control Panel Application Box start XAMPP FOR WINDOW XAMPP Control Panel Application Box Apache and MySpl start running mysql
http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.htmlhttp://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.htmlhttp://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.htmlhttp://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html8/7/2019 SQL Unicode
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
4
SQL Start>All Programs>Accessories>Command Prompt Start>Run>cmd Command promt box mysql space bar -uroot mysql uroot -u user root default name
mySQL
cmd
message
Exit
() - Command promt SQL SQL software directory SQL directory
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5
Destop >my computer> right click> properties >Advanced >Environment Variables system variables Path>Edit>variable-value ;c:\xampp\mysql\bin
ok Start >Run > cmd mysql uroot sql welcome monitor current sqlcode command pront run
() - directory mysql command promt user
notepad notepad C:\XAMPP\mysql\bin\mysql.exe -uroot save save save .bat
- mysqlopen.bat bat file double click mysql -
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6
Sql installation
CONFIGURING MYSQL
MySQL installing MySQL configuring shoutcut Start >Search Box>Search Box cmd cmd right click >Pin to start menu start menu cmd
copy>Desktop>right click>paste shoutcut shoutcut start in Window form Shoutcut right click>properties>layout
SETUP PASSWORD MYSQL
MySQL security password update password webbrowser MySQL StartRuncmd screem mysql uroot mysql
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7
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD ( thetnaung ) WHERE User = root; 1 rows affected Query ok mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit > mysql uroot error password > mysql -uroot p password password
password -mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET PASSWORD = Password WHERE User =root;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
password mysql uroot
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL INTRO 8
SQL INTROWHAT IS MYSQL?
SQL Structured Query Language ( ) definition -
MySQL
database management system
Database data Database List database data corporate network () - database computer database data add MySQL Server databasemanagement system computer Database management system data management central standalone application Database
MySQL relational database management system Relational database storeroom
table data (flexibility) Data Database engine storeroom computer database SQL (Structured Query Language) language database MySQL SQL (Structured Query Language) standardlized language SQL (American National Standards Institute) ANSI/ISO SQL Standard
SQL 1986 version manual 1992 SQL-92 1999 SQL-1999 SQL-2003 SQL current version SQL current version
Why should we use MySQL?
MySQL database popular Webapplication LAMP software stack component database MySQL eg PHP, WordPress, phpBB, Drupal software LAMP software stack Wikipedia, Google andFacebook MySQL MySQL highlyscalable website
What Can SQL do?
Database Database data Database records Database records update Database record delete Database
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SQL Syntax 9
Database table Database Database view Table, procedure, views
SQL CAN DIVIDED INTO TWO PART ARE (DML AND DDL)
Data Manipulating Language(DML) - Data
SELECT Database data UPDATE Database data DELETE Database data delete INSERT INTO Database data
Data Manipulattion Language(DML) - SQL DDL database table (key) Table link Table DDLstatement
CREATE DATABASE- DATABASE ALTER DATABASE- DATABASE modified CREATE TABLE- Table ALTER TABLE- Table modified DROP TABLE- Table delete CREATE INDEX- (search key) DROP INDEX- delete
SQL SyntaxDatabase TablesDatabase table Table ( ) row record Persons
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Yangon
3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
table records column field column field MgMg ,U, 21Street value
SQL Statements
SQL statement SQL statement records
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SQL SELECT Statement 10
SELECT * FROM Persons
Semicolon after SQL Statements?
database system SQL statement semicolon Semicolon database system SQL statement MS Access
SQL Server 2000 statement semicolon
SQL SELECT StatementSelect statement database data select
SQL SELECT Syntax-SELECT column_ name
FROM nameAnd
SELECT * FROM table_name
SQL SELECT Example:Persons TableP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Dagon Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Bahan Yangon
3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
columns LastName FirstName select SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM PersonsResult:LastName FirstName
MgMg U
KyawThu Mg
Thetnaung Mg
SELECT * Example
SELECT * FROM Persons
asterisk (*) star columns select Result :P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Dagon Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar St Bahan Yangon
3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
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SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement 11
SQL SELECT DISTINCT StatementTable column ( list selectdistinct statement
SQL SELECT DISTINCT SyntaxSELECT DISTINCT column_name
FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT ExampleThe Persons table:P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
City selectdistinct statement SELECT DISTINCT City FROM PersonsResult -City
Yangon
Meiktila
SQL WHERE ClauseThe WERE clause record record
SQL WHERE SyntaxSELECT column _names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name/ operator values
WHERE Clause ExampleThe Persons table:P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Thetnaung Mg WinZin Meiktila
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SQL WHERE Clause 12
Yangon select SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City = YangonResult
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantanar Yangon
Quotes Around Text FieldsSQL single quote (Database system doublequotes ) quotes ( ) example For text values:This is correct:SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = UThis is wrong:SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstNma = UFor numeric values:
This is correct:SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year = 1986
This is wrong:SELECT * FROM Persons WERE Year = 1965WHERE Clause operator Operator Description
= Equl
Not equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greate than or equal
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SQL AND & OR Operators 13
SQL AND & OR OperatorsAND & OR operator record
THE AND & OR OperatorsAND operator condition
condition
record
display OR Operator conditiuon condition record display
AND Operator ExampleThe Persons tableP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila4 Yan Aung Mr TharkayTa Yangon
Mg first name KyawThu last name SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE FirstName = MgAND LastName = KyawThuP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
OR Operator Example Mg U statement
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = UOR FirstName = Mg
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Combining AND & OR AND OR ()
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SQL ORDER BY Keyword 14
Persons table kyaw Thu lastname Mg Mr
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName = KyawThuAND
(FirstName = Mr OR FirstName = Mg)
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
SQL ORDER BY KeywordORDER BY Keyword result sort ()
The ORDER BY Keyword The ORDER BY Keyword column result sort The ORDER BY Keyword default ascending order (rising )
record sort Descending order (going down ) record sort DESC keyword
SQL ORDER BY Syntax SELECT column_ namesFROM table_ name
ORDER BY column_ names ASC | DESC
ORDER BY ExampleThe Persons table:P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 Yan Aung Mr TharkayTa Yangon
table lastname sorting
SELECT * FROM Persons
ORDER BY LastName
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SQL INSERT INTO Statement 15
Result
ORDER BY DESC Example descending
SELECT * FROM Persons
ORDER BY LastName DESC
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
4 Yan Aung Mr TharkayTa Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
SQL INSERT INTO StatementINERT INTO statement table record (insert) row
SQL INSERT INTO Syntax1. statement 2. column
INSERT INTO table_VALUES ( )
3.
column INSERT INTO table_ (column 1, column 2, column 3, )VALUES (, )
SQL INSERT INTO ExampleThe Persons table:P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
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SQL UPDATE Statement 16
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Persons table row INSERT INTO Persons
VALUES (4, NayLin, Mr, 23 home , Pyinmanar)
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
Insert Data Only in Specified Columns statement data Column
INSERT INTO Persons ( P_ID, LastName, FirstName )
VALUES ( 5, Min Aung, U )
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
5 Min Aung U
SQL UPDATE StatementUPDATE statement table record update ( ) record update
SQL UPDATE Syntax UPDATE table_SET column 1 = value, column 2 = value 2, .WHERE some_column = some_value
WHERE clause column WHERE clause table column record data update
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SQL DELETE Statement 17
SQL UPDATE ExampleP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar5 Min Aung U
Persons table U Min Aung update UPDATE Persons
SET Address = Kannar road , City = MagwayWHERE LastName = Min Aung AND FirstName = U result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
5 Min Aung U Kannar road Magway
SQL UPDATE WarningRecord update WHERE clause
UPDATE Persons
SET Address = Kannar road , City = Magway
Result:
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U Kannar road Magway
2 KyawThu Mg Kannar road Magway
3 Yan Naung Mg Kannar road Magway
4 NayLin Mr Kannar road Magway
5 Min Aung U Kannar road Magway
SQL DELETE StatementDELETE statement table record row
SQL DELETE SyntaxDELETE FROM table_WHERE some_column = some_value
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SQL TOP Clause 18
WHERE clause column table record example
SQL DELETE ExamplePerson table
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
5 Min Aung U Kannar road Magway
Person table U Min Aung
DELETE FROM Persons
WHERE LastName = Min Aung AND FirstName = U
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
4 NayLin Mr 23 home Pyinmanar
DELETE ALL ROWSTable row -
DELETE FROM table_name
Or
DELETE * FROM table_name
SQL TOP ClauseTop clause record Top clause record table record
(impact) database system top clause SQL Server SyntaxSELECT TOP number | percent column_FROM table_name
SQL SELECT TOP Equivalent in MySQL and Oracle
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL TOP Clause 19
MySQL SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_LIMIT number
Example
SELECT *
FROM Persons
LIMIT 5
Oracle SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_name
WHERE ROWNUM
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL LIKE Operator 20
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
SQL LIKE OperatorLIKE operator WHERE clause column pattern
SQL LIKE SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_WHERE column_ LIKE pattern
LIKE Operator ExampleThe PersonstableP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Y city SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City LIKE Y%
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
% wildcards( pattern )
Persons table n
city
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City LIKE %n
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
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SQL Wildcards 21
Persons table eik city pattern
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City LIKE %eik%
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
NOT keyword city eik person select
SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE City NOT LIKE eik
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yatanar Yangon
SQL WildcardsSQL wildcards database data
SQL Wildcards SQL wildcards database data character ()
SQL wildcards SQL LIKE operator Wildcard Description
% character _ character [charlist] Charlist character [^charlist]
Or
[!charlist]
Charlist character
SQL Wildcards ExampleThe Persons tableP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
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SQL IN Operator 22
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Using the _Wildcard Persons table lastname yawThu character select SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName LIKE _yawThuResult -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
Using the [charlist]Wildcard Persons table b or y or k lastname select SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE LastName
LIKE [ byk]%
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Pesons table b or y or k select SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE LastName LIKE [ !byk]%
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
SQL IN OperatorIN operator WHERE clause
SQL IN SyntaxSELECT column_
FROM table_name
WHERE column_IN ( value 1, value2,)
IN Operator ExampleThe Persons tableP_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL BETWEEN Operator 23
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
Persons table last name MgMg or KyawThu Persons
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastNmae IN
( MgMg , KyawThu)
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
SQL BETWEEN OperatorBETWEEN operator data (range) select WHERE clause number text date
SQL BETWEEN SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_WHERE column_BETWEEN value1 AND value2
BETWEEN Operator ExampleThe Persons table
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
table alphabetically MgMg Yan Naung select
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName
BETWEEN MgMg AND Yan Naung
Result P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Alias 24
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
databases , -MgMg Yan Naung table list BETWEEN operator (test) field select
field
P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
MgMg list Yan Naung list BETWEEN operator test list P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
Example 2 example NOT BETWEEN
SELECT * FROM PersonsWHERE LastName
NOT BETWEEN MgMg AND Yan Naung
Result -P_ID LastName FirstName Address City
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
SQL Alias alias table () column () () table () column
SQL Alias Syntax for TablesSELECT column_FROM table_AS alias_
SQL Alias Syntax for ColumnsSELECT column_name AS alias_name
FROM table_name
Alias ExamplePersons table Product_Orders table Persons p Product_Orders pro
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL Joins 25
SELECT po.OrderID, p.LastName, p.FirstName
FROM Persons AS p,
Product_Orders AS po
WHERE p.LastName = MgMg AND p.FirstName = U
Aliases
SELECT statement
SELECT Product_Orders.OrderID, Persons.LastName, Persons. FirstName
FROM Persons,
Product_Orders
WHERE Persons.LastName = MgMg AND Persons.FirstName = U
SQL Joins SQL joins table () table
table column Database table key Primary key row unique column ( column
) Primary table unique ( ) table data table data (bind)
Persons table P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
P_Id column Persons table primary key P_Id row P_Id person Orders table:O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 12345 3
2 67890 3
3 112233 1
4 112234 1
5 112235 15
O_Id column Orders table primary key P_Id column
Persons table person
P_Idcolumn table Different SQL JOINSExample JOIN type list
JOIN LEFT JOIN RIGHT JOIN FULL JOIN
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL INNER JOIN Keyword 26
SQL INNER JOIN KeywordINNER JOIN keyword table row
INNER JOIN SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_ 1INNER JOIN table_ 2ON table_ 1.column_ = table_ 2. column_PS: INNER JOIN JOIN
SQL INNER JOIN ExampleThe Persons table:P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
The Orders table:O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
order person list SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.orderNoFROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id = Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
Result LastName FirstName OrderNo
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
YanNaung Mg 456
INNER JOIN keyword table row Persons Orders row listed
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword 27
SQL LEFT JOIN KeywordLEFT JOIN keyword left table ( table_ 1) row table (table_ 2) table SQL LEFT JOIN SyntaxSELECT column_FROM table_name1LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name = table_name2.column_name
PS: database LEFT JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN SQL LEFT JOIN ExampleThe Persons table:P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
The Orders table:O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table Persons Order list SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM PersonsLEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P Id= Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
result
LEFT JOIN keyword table (Persons) (Orders)
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword 28
SQL RIGHT JOIN KeywordRIGHT JOIN keyword table ( table_name2) row left table (table_name1)
SQL RIGHT JOIN SyntaxSELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
RIGHT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name = table_name2.column_name
database RIGHT JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN
SQL RIGHT JOIN EsampleThe Persons table:P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin Meiktila
The Orders table:O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 3
2 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table
Order
List
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P Id = Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
result LastName FirstName OrderNo
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
YanNaung Mg 456
345
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SQL FULL JOIN Keyword 29
SQL FULL JOIN KeywordFULL JOIN keyword table row
SQL FULL JOIN SyntaxSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name1
FULL JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name = table_name2.column_nameThe Persons table:P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 MgMg U 21 Street Yangon
2 KyawThu Mg 32 yantarnar Yangon
3 Yan Naung Mg WinZin MeiktilaThe Orders table:O_Id OrderNo P_Id
1 123 32 456 3
3 789 1
4 012 1
5 345 15
table Order List
SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id= Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
result LastName FirstName OrderNo
MgMg U 789
MgMg U 012
YanNaung Mg 123
YanNaung Mg 456
Kyaw Thu Mg
345
FULL JOIN keyword table row table row Person table
row
Order table match
Orders table row Persons table match row list
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SQL UNION Operator 30
SQL UNION Operator SQL UNION operator () SELECT statement combines ()
UNION SELECT statement columns
columns
data type
SELECT statement
column
order
SQL UNION SyntaxSELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
UNION operator default (distinct) select (duplicate) UNION ALL
SQL UNION ALL SyntaxSELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
PS: UNION result-set column name UNION SELECT statement column
SQL UNION ExampleEmployees_Yangon:E_ID E_Name
01 U Kyaw Thu
02 U Min Soe
03 Mg Yel Soe
04 Mg Zaw Naing
Employees_Mandalay:E_ID E_Name
01 U Yar Zar
02 U Nay Naing
03 Mg Yel Soe
04 Mg Zar Ni
(employees) list -SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Yangon
UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Mandalay
result E_Name
U Kyaw Thu
U Min Soe
Mg Yel Soe
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SQL SELECT INTO Statement 31
Mg Zaw Naing
U Yar Zar
U Nay Naing
Mg Zar Ni
command list
List UNION command (distinct) select
SQL UNION ALL Example list SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Yangon
UNION ALL
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Mandalay
Result:
E_Name
U Kyaw Thu
U Min Soe
Mg Yel Soe
Mg Zaw Naing
U Yar Zar
U Nay Naing
Mg Yel Soe
Mg Zar Ni
SQL SELECT INTO Statement SQL SELECT INTO statement table (backup copies) SELECT INTO statement table data table
SQL SELECT INTO Syntax column table
SELECT *
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]FROM old_tablename
() column table
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name [in externaldatabase]
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SQL SELECT INTO Statement 32
FROM old_tablename
SQL SELECT INTO Example Backup Copy - Person table data copy
statement
SELECT *
INTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
table copy database IN clause
SELECT *
INTO Persons_Backup IN Backup.mdbFROM Persons
field table -SELECT LasrName, FirstName
INTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
SQL SELECT INTO- With a WHERE Clause WHERE clause add SQL statement Yangon table Backup
SELECT LastName, FirstNameINTO Persons_Backup
FROM Persons
WHERE City = Yangon
SQL SELECT INTO Joined TablesTable data select SELECT Persons.LastName, Orders.OrderNo
INTO Persons_Order_Backup
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id = Order.P_Id Persons table Orders table data Persons_Order _Backup
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THETNAUNGHTUT [SQL]
SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement 33
SQL CREATE DATABASE StatementCREATE DATABASE statement database
SQL CREATE DATABASE SyntaxCREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE DATABASE Example database CREATE DATABASE my_db
CREATE TABLE statement database table add
SQL CREATE TABLE StatementCRTEATE TABLE statement Database table
SQL CREATE TABLE SyntaxCREATE TABLE table_name
(
Column_name1 data_type,
Column_name2 data_type,
Column_name3 data_type
)
data_type column data type data type MS Access, MySQL, and SQL Server Datatypes reference
CREATE TABLE Example column Persons table column - P_Id, LastName, FirstName, Address, and City CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int,
LastName varchar (255),FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
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SQL Constraints 34
P_Id type int LastName, FirstName, Address, and City column varchar type 255
Result data Persons table
P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
INSERT STATEMENT empty table data
SQL Constraints Constraints data type limit Constraints table (CREATE TABLE statement ) table
(ALTER TABLE statement ) constraints Constraint
NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY CHECK DEFAULT
constraint
SQL NOT NULL ConstraintTable table column Default NULL
SQL NOT NULL ConstraintNOT NULL constraint NULL NULL example CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_ID int NOT NULL,LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar (255),
City varchar (255)
)
P_id column LastName column default NULL
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SQL UNIQUE Constraint 35
SQL UNIQUE Constraint UNIQUE constraint
database table
record
[ (uniquely)
(
)
] UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY constraint column column
PRIMARY KEY constraint UNIQUE constraint Table UNIQUE constraints PRIMAEY KEY constraint
SQL UNIQUE Constraint on CREATE TABLEPersons table P_ID column UNIQUE constraint MySQL:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstNam e varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
UNIQUE (P_Id)
)
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Acess:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
LastName varchar (255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City v archar(255)
Column UNIQUE constraint SQL syntax
CREATE TABLE Persons(
P_Kd int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
CONSTRANT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id, LastName)
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SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint 36
)
SQL UNIQUE Constraint on ALTER TABLETable P_Id column UNIQUE constraint
syntax
MySQL / SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD UNIQUE (P_Id)
Column UNIQUE constraint syntax
MySQL/ SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Acess:ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRINT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id, LastName)
TO DROP a UNIQUE ConstraintUNIQUE constraint drop syntax
MySQL:ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP INDEX uc_PersonID
SQL Server/ Oracle/ MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT uc_PersonID
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint PRIMAEY KEY constraint database table record Primary key column NULL Table primary key primary key SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on CREATE TABLE Table P_Id column PRIMARY KEY
MySQL:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL
LastName varchar (255) NOT NULL,
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SQL CHECK Constraint 37
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar (255),
PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)
)
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:CREATE TABLE Persons(
P_Id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar (255) ,
Address varchar (255),
City varchar (255)
)
SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint on ALTER TABLETable P_Id PRIMARY KEY ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_PersonsID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id, LastName) ALTER TABLE statement primary key table primary key column NULL
To DROP a PRIMARY KEY ConstraintPRIMARY KEY constraint drop -MySQL:ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP PRIMARY KEY
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID
SQL CHECK Constraint CHECK constraint column value range limit Column CHECK constraint column
Table CHECK constraint row column
column
CHECK constraint
limit
SQL CHECK Constraint on CREATE TABLEPersons table P_Id column CHECK constraint create CHECKconstraint P_Id column 0 integer
MySQL:CREATE TABLE Persons
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SQL CHECK Constraint 38
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar (255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar (255),
CHECR (P_Id>0)
)
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL CHECK (P_Id>0),
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FIrestName varhcar (255),
Address varchar (255),
City varchar (255)
)
Multiple()column CHECK constraint syntax
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar (255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar (255),
Address varchar (255),City varchar (255),
CONSTRAINT chk_Person CHECK (P_Id>0 AND City = Yangon)
SQL CHECK Constraint on ALTER TABLETable CHECK constaint syntax
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CHECK (P_Id>0)
column CHECK constraint -MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT chk_Person CHECK (P_Id>0 AND City = Yangon)
To DROP a CHECK ConstraintCHECK constraint syntax
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SQL DEFAULT Constraint 39
ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT chk_Person
SQL DEFAULT ConstraintDFFAULT constraint column default
SQL DEFAULT Constrint on CREATE TABLEPersons table City column DEFAULT constraint MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255) ,
Address varchar(255),
City varchar (255) DEFAULE MyanmarDefault constraint GETDATE() function system CREATE TABLE Orders
(
O_Id int NOT NULL,
OrderNo int NOT NULL,
P_Id int,
OrderDate date DEFAULT GETDATE())
SQL DEFAULE Constrint on ALTER TABLETable City column DEFAULT constraint -
MySQL:ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER Country SET DEFAULT Yangon
SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN City SET DEFAULT Yangon
DEFAULT Constraint MySQL:ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER City DROP DEFAULT
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SQL Server / Oracle / MS Access:ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN City DROP DEFAULT