SQL Server Basics Notes

7/26/2019 SQL Server Basics Notes

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SQL SERVER

SQL is structured query language, which is computer language f

storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in relation

database.

USE OF SQL:

1. ALLOWS USES !O A""ESS #A!A $% #&'S.(. ALLOWS USE !O #ES"$&E !)E #A!A.*.ALLOWS USES !O #E+$%E A%# 'A%$ULA!E !)E #A!A

#A!A&ASE.-. ALLOWS USES !O "EA!E A%# #O #A!A&ASES A%# !A&LES.ALLOWS USES !O "EA!E /$EW, S!OE# O"E#UES, A%

+U%"!$O%S $% A #A!A&ASE.

SQL CO!"#S

1. ##L 0#A!A #E+$%$!$O% LA%UAE23$! $S USE# !O "EA!E A%# 'O#$+4 !)E S!U"!UE O

#A!A&ASE O&5E"!S $% #A!A&ASE.

"EA!E

AL!E #O

!U%"A!E

(. #'L 0#A!A 'A%$ULA!$O% LA%UAE23$! $S USE# !O E!$E/E, S!OE, 'O#$+4, #ELE!E, $%SE! A%

U#A!E #A!A $% #A!A&ASE. SELE"!

$%SE! U#A!E

#ELE!E

*. #"L 0#A!A "O%!OL LA%UAE23


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$! $S USE# !O "EA!E OLES, E'$SS$O%S A%# E+EE%!$A

$%!E$!4 AS WELL AS $! $S USE# !O "O%!OL A""ESS !

#A!A&ASE &4 SE"U$% $!. A%!

E/O6E

-. !"L 0!A%SA"!$O% "O%!OL LA%UAE23$! $S USE# !O 'A%AE !A%SA"!$O%S $% #A!A&ASE. !)EE A

USE# !O 'A%AE !)E ")A%ES 'A#E &4 #'L S!A!E'E%!S,

ALSO ALLOWS S!A!E'E%!S !O &E OUE# !OE!)E $%!

LO$"AL !A%SA"!$O%S.

"O''$!

OLL&A"6

SA/EO$%!OE!$ES O+ !A%SA"!$O%S3

!A%SA"!$O%S )A/E !)E +OLLOW$% +OU S!A%#A

OE!$ES, USUALL4 E+EE# !O &4 !)E A"O%4' A"$#3

!$O%C%$&:E%SUES !)A! ALL OEA!$O%S W$!)$% !)E WO

U%$! AE "O'LE!E# SU""ESS+ULL47 O!)EW$SE, !)

!A%SA"!$O% $S A&O!E# A! !)E O$%! O+ +A$LUE, A%E/$OUS OEA!$O%S AE OLLE# &A"6 !O !)E$ +O'E

S!A!E.

CO"S%S$E"C&:E%SUES !)A! !)E #A!A&ASE OE

")A%ES S!A!ES UO% A SU""ESS+ULL4 "O''$!!E

!A%SA"!$O%.

%SOL!$%O":E%A&LES !A%SA"!$O%S !O OEA!$%#EE%#E%!L4 O+ A%# !A%SAE%! !O EA") O!)E.

#UR!'%L%$&:E%SUES !)A! !)E ESUL! O E++E"! O+

"O''$!!E# !A%SA"!$O% ES$S!S $% "ASE O+ A S4S!E

+A$LUE.


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$!'LE:

!)E #A!A $% #&'S $S S!OE# $% #A!A&ASE O&5E"!S "ALLE

!A&LES. !)E !A&LE $S A "OLLE"!$O% O+ ELA!E# #A!A E%!$E

A%# $! $S "O%S$S!S O+ "OLU'%S A%# OWS.

F%EL#:

E/E4 !A&LE $S &O6E% U $%!O S'ALLE E%!$ES "ALLE# +$EL#S.

SQL CO"S$R!%"$S1.%O! %ULL(. #E+AUL!*.U%$QUE-. $'A4 6E4. +OE$% 6E48.")E"69. $%#E:

##L CO!"#S:

1. "EA!E3 "EA!ES A %EW !A&LE, /$EW O+ !A&LE O O!)E

O&5E"!S $% #A!A&ASE.

QUE43CREATETABLESal(

ID INT NOTNULL,

NAME VARCHAR(20) NOTNULL,--USED TO CREATE A TABLE "SAL"

AGE INT NOTNULL,AMOUNT INT,PRIMARYKEY (ID)

);

OU!U!3 "O''A%#S "O'LE!E# SU""ESS+ULL4

(.AL!E3 'O#$+$ES A% E:$S!$% #A!A&ASE O&5E"! SU") AS

!A&LE.

QUER&:QUE$ES ELA!E# !O AL!E


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() ALTERTABLESal ADDEMAIL VARCHAR(!0);-- ADDS EMAIL COLUMN

OU!U!3

0(2 ALTERTABLESal DROPCOLUMNEMAIL; -- REMOVES EMAIL COLUMNOU!U!3

0*2 ALTER TABLE Sal ALTER COLUMN AGE LOAT; -- CHANGI

DATATYPE ROM INT TO LOATOU!U!3

(#) ALTERTABLESal ALTERCOLUMNAMOUNT INTNOTNULL;-- $OALLO$ NULL VALUES IN AMOUNT COLUMN

(!) ALTERTABLESal ALTERCOLUMNAMOUNT INTNULL;-- $ILL ALLNULL VALUES IN AMOUNT COLUMN

082 ALTERTABLESal ADDCONSTRAINTUNI%UE UK (AMOUNT);-- ADDI

UNI%UE CONSTRAINT

092 ALTER TABLE Sal DROP CONSTRAINT UK;-- REMOVING UNI%

CONSTRAINT


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0;2 ALTER TABLE Sal ADD CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY(ID);

ADDING PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT

0


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&U! $! WOUL# E'O/E "O'LE!E !A&LE S!U"!UE +O' !)

#A!A&ASE A%# 4OU WOUL# %EE# !O E="EA!E !)$S !A&

O%"E AA$% $+ 4OU W$S) 4OU S!OE SO'E #A!A.

QUER&:

TRUNCATETABLESK;-- REMOVES TABLE DATA,BUT KEEPS SCHEMA A

IELDS

OU!U!3

#L CO!"#S:

/)SELEC$: SQL SELEC$S!A!E'E%! $S USE# !O +E!") !)E #A!

+O' A #A!A&ASE !A&LE W)$") E!U%S #A!A $% !)E +O' O

ESUL! !A&LE. !)ESE ESUL! !A&LES AE "ALLE# ESUL!=SE!S

QUER&: QUER%ES REL!$E# $O SELEC$

0/1 SELECTROMSal;-- DISPLAYS $HOLE TABLE DATA

OU!U!3

021 SELECTROMSal $HEREID *;-- TO SELECTPARTICULAR RO$ DATA

OUTPUT'

0(1 SELECTROMSal $HEREID * ANDAGE *2!;USING AND OPERATOR


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OUTPUT'

(#) SELECTROMSal $HEREID * ORAGE *2+;--

USING OR OPERATOR

OUTPUT'

(!) SELECTNAME ROMSal;-- TO SELECT PARTICULARCOLUMN DATA

OUTPUT'

031 SELECTNAME,AGE ROMSal $HEREID *2;-- TOSELECT PARTICULAR COLOUMN BY USING CONDITION

OUTPUT'

2)%"SER$: !)E SQL %"SER$ %"$OS!A!E'E%! $S USE# !O A#

%EW OWS O+ #A!A !O A !A&LE $% !)E #A!A&ASE.

QUER&:INSERTINTOSal(ID,NAME,AGE,AMOUNT)

VALUES

(,RAESH,2!,!000),(2,RAKESH,2+,2+000),

(.,SANGAMESH,2.,.2000),

(#,VARUN,2!,2/000),


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(!,PRAVEEN,2#,.!000);

OR

INSERTINTOSalVALUES

(,RAESH,2!,!000),

(2,RAKESH,2+,2+000),(.,SANGAMESH,2.,.2000),

(#,VARUN,2!,2/000),(!,PRAVEEN,2#,.!000);

*. U*#!$E: !)E SQL U*#!$EQUE4 $S USE# !O 'O#$+4 !)

E:$S!$% E"O#S $% A !A&LE. 4OU "A% USE W)EE "LAUS

W$!) U#A!E QUE4 !O U#A!E SELE"!E# OWS O!)EW$S

ALL !)E OWS WOUL# &E A++E"!E#.

QUER&: QUER%ES REL!$E# $O U*#!$E

+E +%LL SEE O+ +E C!" U*#!$E #!$! US%". $

FOLLO+%". $!'LE #!$!)

() UPDATEPERSON SETNAME *SATTI$HEREID *!;

-- UPDATED THE DATA OR ID *!

OUTPUT'

(2) UPDATEPERSON SETSALARY *!000;-- UPDATED


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SALARY COLUMN TO !000 SINCE $E ARE ALLO$ING DUPLICA

VALUES

OUTPUT'

-. #ELE$E: !)E SQL #ELE$EQUE4 $S USE# !O #ELE!E !)

E:$S!$% E"O#S +O' A !A&LE. 4OU "A% USE W)E

"LAUSE W$!) #ELE!E QUE4 !O #ELE!E SELE"!E# OWO!)EW$SE ALL !)E E"O#S WOUL# &E #ELE!E#.

QUER&:

012 DELETEROMPERSON $HEREID *!;-- DELETES THE

ENTIRE RO$

OUTPUT'

021 DELETEROMPERSON;-- DELETES THE ENTIRE TABLE

KEEPS THE SCHEMA, STRUCTURE AND IELDS


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OUTPUT'

#CL CO!"#S

/).R!"$: SQL A%! $S A "O''A%# USE# !O O/$#EA""ESS O $/$LEES O% !)E #A!A&ASE O&5E"!S !O !)EUSES.

$E S&"$!4 FOR $E .R!"$ CO!"# %S:

A%!$/$LEE>%A'E

O%O&5E"!>%A'E

!O ?USE>%A'E@U&L$" @OLE>%A'E

BW$!) A%! O!$O%C7

*R%V%LE.E5"!E$S !)E A""ESS $)! O

$/$LEE A%!E# !O !)E USE. SO'E O+ !)E

A""ESS $)!S AE ALL, E:E"U!E, A%# SELE"!.

O'6EC$5"!E$S !)E %A'E O+ A #A!A&ASE O&5E"!

L$6E !A&LE, /$EW, S!OE# O" A%# SEQUE%"E.

USER5"!E $S !)E %A'E O+ !)E USE !O W)O'

A% A""ESS $)! $S &E$% A%!E#.

USER5"!E $S !)E %A'E O+ !)E USE !O W)O'

A% A""ESS $)! $S &E$% A%!E#.

*U'L%C$S USE# !O A%! A""ESS $)!S !O ALL

USES.

ROLESAE A SE! O+ $/$LEES OUE#

!OE!)E.


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+%$ .R!"$ O*$%O"= ALLOWS A USE !O A%!

A""ESS $)!S !O O!)E USES.(. REVO-E: !)E E/O6E "O''A%# E'O/ES USE A""ESS

$)!S O $/$LEES !O !)E #A!A&ASE O&5E"!S.

!)E S4%!A: +O !)E E/O6E "O''A%# $S3

E/O6E $/$LEE>%A'EO%O&5E"!>%A'E

+O'?USE>%A'E@U&L$"@OLE>%A'E

$CL CO!"#S:

1. CO%$:!)E "O''$! "O''A%# $S !)E !A%SA"!$O%A

"O''A%# USE# !O SA/E ")A%ES $%/O6E# &4 A !A%SA"!$O

!O !)E #A!A&ASE. !)E "O''$! "O''A%# SA/ES A!A%SA"!$O%S !O !)E #A!A&ASE S$%"E !)E LAS! "O''$! O

OLL&A"6 "O''A%#.

QUER&:

() BEGINTRANDELETEROMTBLPERSON $HEREID *2;-- IT $ILL DELETE THE

RO$ AND INALI1ESS YOUR PERMISSION BY COMMIT COMMAND

COMMIT;

OUTPUT'

(. ROLL'!C-:!)E OLL&A"6 "O''A%# $S !)E !A%SA"!$O%A

"O''A%# USE# !O U%#O !A%SA"!$O%S !)A! )A/E %O

ALEA#4 &EE% SA/E# !O !)E #A!A&ASE. !)E OLL&A"

"O''A%# "A% O%L4 &E USE# !O U%#O !A%SA"!$O%S S$%"

!)E LAS! "O''$! O OLL&A"6 "O''A%# WAS $SSUE#.

QUER&:


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() BEGINTRAN

DELETEROMTBLPERSON $HEREID *;-- IT $ILL DELETE THE

RO$ AND GETS IT BACK BY USING ROLLBACK COMMANDROLLBACK;

OUTPUT'

*. S!VE*O%"$:A SA/EO$%! $S A O$%! $% A !A%SA"!$O% W)E4OU "A% OLL !)E !A%SA"!$O% &A"6 !O A "E!A$% O$%W$!)OU! OLL$% &A"6 !)E E%!$E !A%SA"!$O%.

QUER&:() BEGINTRANSACTIONT;-- BEGINNING O TRANSACTION

SAVETRANSACTIONS;-- BEGINNING O SAVEPOINTINSERTINTOTBLGENDER VALUES(#,MALE);

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION S; -- ROLLBACKING THE DATA AGAUSING SAVE POINT

OUTPUT'

S4%!A:3

BEGINTRANSACTIONTRANSACTIONNAME;

SAVETRANTRANSACTIONSAVEPOINTNAME;

--ENTER %UERIES HERE YOU $ANT TO E3ECUTEROLLBACKTRANSACTIONSAVEPOINTNAME

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SQL Server Basics Notes