APUSH Pre-reading Notes: Chapter 12

DIRECTIONS: Follow the steps outlined in the left margin as you pre-read the chapter. Write your answers in the lined area of the page.

1. Write down the chapter title and the dates the chapter covers.The Second Warf or Independence and the upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824

2. Read the opening quote. What do you think this means?The opening quote means that the American country can not longer be colonized by other European countries in order to expand their power. James Monroe is demanding respect for his country and boldly states that they are something not to be toyed with.

3. Skim the entire chapter. Look at each graph, map, and picture and read the caption. How many of each?Graph: 0Maps: 8Pictures: 14

4. Skim the entire chapter and read all headings. List them here On to Canada over Land and Lakes Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended The Treaty of Ghent Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention The Second War for American Independence Nascent Nationalism The “American System” The So-called Era of Good Feelings The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times The Growing Pains of the West Slavery and the sectional Balance The Uneasy Missouri Compromise Johan Marshall and the Judicial Nationalism Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida Menace of Monarch in America Monroe and his Doctrine Monroe’s Doctrine Appraises

5. Predict what you think this chapter will be about.I think that the chapter will be about the resignation of Jefferson and they rise of another president, Monroe. It will further explain Monroe’s effort to iron out the creases in the American government and the hardships it also faces.

6. Write down any questions you have at this point. What was his most controversial thing Monroe did? How did most Americans react to the war of 1812? Was there a certain person that could have easily influenced Monroe?

7. Read the entire first paragraph; summarize it in a few sentences. Make sure you get the main point.The War of 1812 was a wasteful and harming war. There was no burning desire to fight back compared to the many other times the people. The lessoned learned was that leading a group of uncaring people into war would be a worst thing to do. The military was below par and also the peace treaty had no effect on anything whatsoever. In the next dozen years, a spirit of Nationalism will awaken and inspire the protection of making roads and defending authority of Fed. Government.

On to Canada over Land and LakesThe War of 1812 was the worst war because the U.S was torn apart by turmoil surrounding the govt. There was not burning anger unlike from the Chesapeake. The army was dispersed and had old generals with a plan with Canada they would never work. If the Americans focus on Montreal, everything would of have ended sooner, but they were stubborn on a 3-pronged attack. G.B and Canadians showed them their hope and Americans were going to an American fort. The invasions were weak. After more Land invasions Americans were led by Oliver Perry and built ships to capture a G.B fleet with the help of Harrison at the Battle of Thames.

Washington Burned and New Orleans DefendedIn 1814, G.b troops siege Chesapeake and burned down most of the buildings in Washington. At Baltimore, another G.B fleet came and was fended off by Fort McHenry, was Keys wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”. More of G.B’s troops arrived at the Mississippi Valley and threatened the New Orleans; Andrew Jackson went after them and defeated the G.B Troops. News of defeat reached G.B and soon after in 1815, they asked for peace. The American Navy had been doing better then the army due to the fact that sailors were complaining over G.B impressments. G.B responded with a naval blockade, seized ships, and hindered the coastal American economy.

The Treaty of GhentThe ignorant G.B made demands for a Indian buffer state in the region of the Great Lakes and a part of conquered Maine, but he Americans , led by John Quincy Adams refused. G.B began to reconsider after America’s growing victories. The Treaty of Ghent signed on 1814, was like an armistice, noting that a tie in the war and ignoring any demands made by the other country. Each side stopped fight, however, impressments was still not mentioned.

Federalists Grievances and the Hartford ConventionAs the defeat of New Orleans became prominent, Mass., Connecticut, N.H, Vermont, Rhode Island, quietly met in Hartford 1814-1815 to discuss their grievances and seek redress from their wrongs. Few mention secession, but most sought financial assistance from Washington to make up for lost trade, and an amendment requiring a majority for declarations of embargo, except during invasion. Three ships went from Mass. To D.C where they were met with news from New Orleans that they had failed. The Hartford Convention was a sign of the decline of the Fed. Party as their last presidential nominee was removed by Monroe in 1816.

The Second War for American IndependenceIn the War of 1812, the America showed that they could stand up for themselves and American diplomats were treated with more courtesy. As the Fed. Part decline, war heroes like Andrew Jackson and Harrison emerged. Manufacturing was brought up as the G.B blockade existed. Conflicts such as the Burning oh Washington added the fuel to the hate against G.B even though the War of 1812 was the last war fought against G.B. 1817 a naval arms race in the Great Lakes with the Rush-Bagot Treaty between U.s and G.B, creating the worlds longest boundary ( unfortified). After Napoleons defeat at waterloo, Europe was in peace as the U.S was expanding.

Nascent NationalismAfter the war, nationalism grew and many authors gained international recognition. The North American Review came about in 1815, and many things were done for Americans. Washington D.C rose again along with a stronger Navy and Army. Stephen Decatur, naval hero of 1812 and Barbary expeditions, was famous for his American toast after he returned fro the Mediterranean.

“The American System”After the war, G.B companies gave their goods to America as low prices, so the U.S responded with e Tariff of 1816, the first in U.S history designed for protection, which is a 20%-25% tariff on dutiable imports. Although not expensive, it was the beginning of a program called the American System, with a strong banking system. It advocated a protective tariff in which eastern manufacturing would prosper. It was also a network of roads and canals, esp. in the Ohio Valley that was funded by tariffs and though which would flow foodstuffs and raw materials from South and West to North and East. The lack of a refined transportation system was a problem in 1812, esp. in the West. In 1817, Congress wanted to give out $1.5 million to the states for internal renovation and making the states look for their own money to build the roads.

The so called Era of Good FeelingsJames Monroe defeated the opposing Fed. Nominee and brought about a short one-party rule. He was a follower of the Founding Fathers and brought in the Age of Nationalism. Monroe took a tour around G.B in 1817. Papers began publishing an “Era of Good Feelings” had begun. However, there were still some unresolved issues. Mainly, the South did not like the tariff because it only benefited the North and made the South pay extra taxes. Why should they pay for something like roads and canals in other states?

The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard timesIn 1819, economic hysteria swept the nation, causing deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, and over crowded debtor’s prisons. This was primarily caused by overpopulation in land prices, where the U.S bank fell into debt. This was a reoccurring event that happened about every 20 years. During the 1800’s. The west was hit hard and the bank f the U.S was blamed for the depression. There was attention against the debtors where some mothers owing a few dollars where torn away from their babies.

Growing pains of the WestFrom 1791 to 1819, nine frontier states had joined the original 13. The expansion of the west was due to the cheap land, the elimination of the Indian menace, “Ohio Fever”, and the depleted lands of tobacco farmers. The Cumberland Road in 1811 began form Western Maryland to Illinois (steamboat’s first appearance). The West unpopulated and politically inferior, was forced to ally itself with other sects, and demanded cheap acreage. The Land Act of 1820 gave the West its wish by allowing buyers to purchase 80 acres of land at minimum for $1.25 an acre. The West slowly got cheap transpiration.

Settlers of the Old NorthwestThe Old North West Beckoned to the settlers after the War of 1812. The first wave of newcomers came from Kentucky, Tennessee and the upland migrants were tough-hewn farmers. Migrants from the South settled mainly in the Southern portions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The Old Northwest offered southern Farmers an escape from the lowly social position they had endured as non-slaveholder in a slave society. Yankee settlers came to the Old Northwest eager to make payday. Conflicts soon emerged from Yankees and the Southerners. ‘Yankee’ became a term to refer to a person as who had been cheated on and Northerners view Southerners as uncivilized “coon dogs” and a butcher knife tribe with no interest in education.

Slavery and the Sectional BalanceTensions got worse as North and South argued over slavery. Although the requirements of becoming a state, the House of Reps. Changed the plans for its statehood when it proposed the Tallmadge Amendment, which provided that no more slaves be bought for gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents, but unfortunately, this did not pass senate. Infuriated Southerners saw this as a threat from the North saying that they could wipe out slavery in Missouri and if they could do that, then they would seek to eliminate all of slavery. The north was becoming more prosperous and populous than the south.

The Uneasy Missouri CompromiseThe deadlock was broken by a few compromises, known as the Missouri Compromise. Missouri would be admitted as a slave slate while Maine would be a free state. Thus maintaining the balance of free and slave sides equal. Both e North and the South Gained something. Doomed after 1819 panic and the Missouri Panic, he was so popular, Fed. Party weak, in 18so he won election.

John Marshall and Judicial NationalismChief Justice John Marshall helping increase the power or the govt. at the expense of the states. McCulloch v. Maryland: this case involved Maryland’s attempt to destroy the U.S Bank by taking its currency notes. Marshall used Hamilton’s loose construction and implied constitution bend as times changed. Cohen’s vs. Virginia: in 1821, the Cohen’s had been founds guilty by Virginia courts of selling fake lottery tickets, appealed to the Supreme Court, but lost. Marshall said that the right of the Supreme Court was to review the decision of the sate supreme courts in question involving the powers of the Fed. Govt. Gibbons v. Ogden: 1824, N.Y attempted to grant a monopoly of waterborne commerce, but Marshall stopped it, saying only congress and control interstate commerce and not the states themselves.

Judicial Dikes Against Democratic ExcessesThe case of Fletch vs. Peck in 1820, Georgia granted 35 million acres in the Yazoo River country (Mississippi) to privateers. The legislature repealed it after a public complaint, but Marshall ruled it was a contract and the states could not alter it. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward: 1819, Dartmouth had been granted a charter by King George III, but New Hampshire tried to change it. Dartmouth appeal, using Daniel Webster as a lawyer, but Marshall ruled that the original charter must stand. Contracts are honored by the constitution. Marshals rulings gave the supreme court its powers and strengthened fed. govt. gibe it power to overrule state governments.

Sharing Oregon and Auireing FloridaThe treat of 1818 put the nothern boundary of the Lousisana Purchase at 49th paralllel and provided a 10-year joint occuatopn of the Oregon Territory with G.B, neither U.S or G.B surrendered rights and claims. When Rev. Broke looks in South and Central Amererican, Spainsh troops in floorida were take out to surpress the rebellions. Indian attacks ravaged american land while the Indias woudl retreat back to Spanish Teritory. A.J came aross to Spanish Florida and released vengence. Monroe didn’t know what to do with A.J, his members of cabinet wasnt to punish him except for John Adams, who demanded consessionc from Spain. The Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 had Spain ceded Florda and Oregeon in return for Texas.

The Menace of Monarchy in AmericaMonarchs in Europe were adament in stopped democracy in its tracks and crushed any democratic rebellionin Italy (1821) and in Spain (1823). Russia’s claims to North American territoy were intruding and making Americans anxious that Russia might clain territory that belonged to the U.S. In 1823, G.B foreign Sect. George Canning, came to American Minister in London proposing that the U.S and G.B join together in denouncing any interest in gainging Latin america Terriitory and warn European despots to stay away from those territorties.

Monroe and His DoctrineJohn Q. Adams sensed a joke in the proposal and assumed that the European powers werent going to invade the U.S at any time and he knew that a self-denouncing alliance with G.B would morally tie the hands of the U.S. He also knew that G.B bosts needed to protect South American to protect their trade and

Monroe’s Doctrine AppraisedThe monarchs of Europe were frustrated because they couldn’t do anything to stop it. If they did, the G.B navy would stop them. Monroe’s Declaration caused heads to be raised, as this was only to be done to save the U.S’s well being. The Russo-Amercan Treeaty of 1824, the Russin Tsar relocted the southern Bondary

presumed it to be safe to blow a deifent blast at all of Europe. In 1823, Monreo issed the Monroe docterine stating nonintervention and non-colonization. Aimed at Russia in the west, Monroe stated that no colinization in the Americans could occur again and alost European nations could not be involved in Latin American affairs. In return, the U.S would not interfere with the Greek Democratic revolt in Turkey.

of his Alaskan territory to 54°40’ . The Monroe Doctrine is similar to a self-defense doctrine only because Monroe was concerned about the U.S’s security rather than other countries. Monroe simply stated that he wanted the old world powers to stay away from the U.S.