SprSpr

Michael Me

Nov. 6, 200

rinkler Irrigation &rinkler Irrigation & Soil Moisture

Uniformity

D. Dukes, Ph.D., P.E., C.I.D.lissa Haley, Stephen Hanks6, IA Int’l Irrig. Show, San Antonio, TX

Backgg• Population served by p

– 5.4 million 1970– 17 million 2004– 20 million 2020

+ 1 000 l /d• + ~1,000 people/day• 11% U.S. new home co

FL th t• FL uses the most groun• Most new homes in FL

60% h h ld t• ~60% household water• High quality landscape

capacity

Slide 2 6-Nov-06

capacity

groundgpublic supply

onstruction in FLd t i th U Sndwater in the U.S.

include irrigationf i i tir use for irrigation

es and low water holding

Florida’s Water CrisisCrisis

Water Resource Caution Areas: placesCaution Areas: places where water is either scarce or

t i t dcontaminated as defined by Florida’s Water Management

Slide 3 6-Nov-06

gDistricts

Adopted from: Purdum, EManual from Florida’s Wa

E.D. 2002. Florida Waters: A Water Resource ater Management Districts. Brooksville, Fl.

Sensor Base

Slide 4 6-Nov-06Evapotranspiration (ET) bas

ed IrrigationgSoil moisture sensors (SMS)

sed controllers

Current Turf/LandReseRese

1. SMS plots, Gaines2 Rain Sensor evalu2. Rain Sensor evalu3. SMS plots & ET c

(Turfgrass Resear(Turfgrass Resear4. SMS on cooperatin5. SMS development

Pasco Co.6. ET controller plot

Hillsborough Co.

Slide 5 6-Nov-06

dscape Irrigation earchearchsvilleation Gainesvilleation, Gainesvilleontrollers, Citra

rch Unit)rch Unit)ng homes, Pinellas Co.t scale, Lake Jovita,

s, GCREC

Potential Unifo

RRR

Soil BeSoil BeSoil Be

Non-uniformity(100% uniformityNon-uniformity(100% uniformityNon-uniformity(100% uniformitynot practical)Adequate irrigation not practical)Adequate irrigation not practical)Adequate irrigation

Over irrigationOver irrigation

Slide 6 6-Nov-06

ormity Impacty p

Root ZoneRoot ZoneRoot Zone

elow Root Zoneelow Root Zoneelow Root Zone

Under irrigatedUnder irrigatedUnder irrigated

Improper Cp p

Slide 7 6-Nov-06

Coverageg

Narrow

Slide 8 6-Nov-06

w Areas

Catch Ca

Slide 9 6-Nov-06

n Testingg

Literature• Analytical yield &

l ti hirelationship• Yield reduction du

not well document• Redistribution of i• Redistribution of i

within canopy (ag.• Minimal informati

uniformity

Slide 10 6-Nov-06

uniformity

e Review uniformity

ue to non-uniformity yted in the fieldirrigation waterirrigation water . crops)ion on turf quality &

Turf Quality & Ny

Slide 11 6-Nov-06

Non-uniformityy

Method• Plots

– 4.6 m X 4.6 m (15 ft X– 15Q Spray heads– 25 catch cans

• Tests at 3 pressureTests at 3 pressure– 414 kPa (60 psi)

138 kPa (20 psi)– 138 kPa (20 psi)– 69 kPa (10 psi)

Slide 12 6-Nov-06

dologygy

X 15 ft)

eses

Experimep

Slide 13 6-Nov-06

ental Site

Method• Arredondo FS

– Field capacity 7-10% (no runoff)

– Permanent wilting point 2-3%I fil i 179– Infiltration rate 179 mm/hr (7 in/hr)

lowlq V

VDU %25=

Slide 14 6-Nov-06

avglq V

dologygy

Testing Cg• Soil moisture conte

– Gravimetric 10 cm (4dia.

– TDR 20 cm (8 in) lon• Soil sample & TDRp

90 deg.• Soil sample locatio• Soil sample locatio• Low wind (< 2.5 m

Slide 15 6-Nov-06

onditionsent4 in) long X 5.7 cm (2.2 in)

ng rodsR collection rotated

ons repackedons repackedm/s; 5 mph)p

Uniformity Day

Slide 16 6-Nov-06

ata Collection

0.80

0.90

1.00PRE

0.50

0.60

0.70

DU

lq

R2 =

0 10

0.20

0.30

0.40

1.00

60 i0.00

0.10

29-Dec 17-Feb 8-Apr 28-May 17-Jul 5-Sep 25-Oct

Date0 60

0.70

0.80

0.9060 psi 20 psi

GRAV-DU TDR-DU CC-DU

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60D

U lq

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

Slide 17 6-Nov-06

29-

IrrigationIrrigation Effect on DUlq

0.341

POST

t 14-Dec

R2 = 0.2709

R2 = 0.0747POST

R2 = 0 341

R 0.2709

R 0.341

60 psi 20 psi 10 psi

-Dec 17-Feb 8-Apr 28-May 17-Jul 5-Sep 25-Oct 14-Dec

Date

GRAV-DU TDR-DU CC-DU

Statistica• Interaction betwee

& pressure level on– GravimetricGravimetric – TDR

C t h C– Catch Can

Slide 18 6-Nov-06

al Resultsen measurement type n DUlq

Pressure Effect UnifoUnifo

Pres. TDR Pre-Irr

Grav. Pre-IrrPre-Irr. Pre-Irr.

(psi) -----------------------

60 0.77 a 0.83 a

20 0.81 a 0.86 a

10 0.78 a 0.81 a

Slide 19 6-Nov-06

Different letters indicate a significant diffe

on Distribution ormityormity

TDR Post-Irr

Grav. Post-Irr

Catch CanPost-Irr. Post-Irr. Can

------DUlq---------------------------

0.74 a 0.83 a 0.63 a

0.79 a 0.83 a 0.55 b

0.75 a 0.69 b 0.39 c

erence within columns

Pressure Effect on SPres. TDR

Pre-IrrGrav. Pre-IrrPre-Irr. Pre-Irr.

(psi) -------------------(m

60 0.07 a 0.07 a

20 0.07 a 0.09 a

10 0.06 a 0.08 a

Slide 20 6-Nov-06

Different letters indicate a significant diffe

Soil Moisture ContentTDR Post-Irr

Grav. Post-Irr

Catch CanPost-Irr. Post-Irr. Can

m3/m3)------------------- (in)

0.15 a 0.20 a 0.72 a

0.11 b 0.17 b 0.47 b

0.09 b 0.15 c 0.39 c

erence within columns

Effect of Irrigationg

y = 0.000R2

0.14

0.16m

3 /m3 )

R2 =

0.10

0.12

re C

onte

nt (m

0.06

0.08

Soi

l Moi

stur

0 00

0.02

0.04

Cha

nge

in S

0.000 100 200

Irriga

C

Slide 21 6-Nov-06

G

n on Soil Moisture03x + 0.0162

0 7111= 0.7111

y = 0.0003x - 0.0264R2 = 0.5855

300 400 500

ation Vol (mL)

GRAV TDR

0.20

0.25PRE

0.15

(m3 /m

3 )

R2 = 0 76380.05

0.10

TDR Θ

0.25

R = 0.7638

0.000.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

0.20

Gravimetric Θ (m3/m3)

0.10

0.15DR

Θ (m

3 /m3 )

0.05

TD

Slide 22 6-Nov-06

0.000

TDR SMC vs. Gravimetric

SMCSMC

0.25

POST

R2 = 0.6101

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Gravimetric Θ (m3/m3)

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.5

0.6

0.7

oist

ure

DUlq

0.2

0.3

0.4

Soil

Mo

0.90

1.00

TDR

0.0

0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Catch Can DUlq 0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

re D

Ulq

lq

Residential Rotor Spray CC DUlh

0.30

0.40

0.50

Soil

Moi

stur

0.00

0.10

0.20

0 00

)*614.0(386.0 lqlh DUDU +=

Slide 23 6-Nov-06

Plot Testing0.00

Residential Testingg

Grav = 0.535 CC-DUlq + 0.5004R2 0 745

0.9 1.0

R2 = 0.745

Grav = 0.8713 CC-DUlh + 0.1641R2 = 0.745

0 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 1 000 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Catch Can DUlq

Gravimetric TDR CC DUlh-Grav CC DUlh-TDR

Conclu• SMC uniformity r

to irrigation uniforhere (CC DUl 0.39here (CC DUlq 0.39

• CC DUlh approxim• CC DUlh may be a

of irrigation systemof irrigation system

Slide 24 6-Nov-06

usionselatively insensitive rmity levels tested 9-0.63)9 0.63)

mates SMC DUlq

reasonable indicator m performancem performance

Microirrigation Ug

Slide 25 6-Nov-06

niformity Testingy g

Microirrigation Unifog

Slide 26 6-Nov-06

ormity Testing cont’dy g

Microirrigation TDg

Slide 27 6-Nov-06

DR DUlq vs CC DUlqlq lq

QuestQuest

Thank

Acclima, Inc., Lawn Logic, RETW t WETWater, We

SWFWMD Hillsborough CoSWFWMD, Hillsborough CoUtili

Danny Burch, Numerous unde

if

Slide 28 6-Nov-06

www.ifasirrigation.if

tions?tions?

k you!

Rain Bird, Toro, Hydropoint, th tieathermatic

o Water Dept Pinellas Coo. Water Dept., Pinellas Co. ities

ergrad and graduate students

fl ds.ufl.edufas.ufl.edu