Spring of the Living Hope

7/22/2019 Spring of the Living Hope

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/spring-of-the-living-hope 1/517























BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xkkk

MGEHOVID@FDADHP

Pbd smiakst (m pdrsoh mctdr tbd bdmrt oc Fo`) msed` Fo`, ’Vbmt mrd buamh

jdkhfs, tbmt [ou tbkhe oc tbda5 adrd aortmis, tbmt [ou gmrd cor tbda?‑ (^smias 2<0,

FHJ)

Pbd wor`s oc tbd wksdst Ekhf kh tbd Jkjid, tbd ^bkiosopbdr mh` tbd rdmgbdr

dgbod`< ’Vktb mii ay wksòa K trkd` to uh`drstmh` dvdrytbkhf tbmt bmppdhs bdrd oh

dmrtb. Mh` Fo` bms am`d tbks so bmr` cor us buamhs to ò. K bmvd sddh kt mii, mh`

dvdrytbkhf ks lust ms sdhsdidss ms gbmskhf tbd wkh`.‑ (Dggidskmstds =<=7 & =0, GDS)

’K ehow tbd bdmvy jur`dhs tbmt Fo` bms imk` oh us. Bd bms fkvdh us m `dskrd to ehow

tbd cuturd, jut hdvdr fkvds us tbd smtkscmgtkoh oc cuiiy uh`drstmh`khf wbmt Bd ods.

Wo K rdmikzd` tbmt mii wd gmh ò ks to jd bmppy mh` ò tbd jdst wd gmh wbkid wd mrd

stkii mikvd.‑ (Dggidskmstds 7<=>-=:, FHJ) ’Dvdrytbkhf you wdrd tmufbt gmh jd putkhto m cdw wor`s< Zdspdgt mh` ojdy Fo`! Pbks ks wbmt ikcd ks mii mjout.‑ (Dggidskmstds

=:<=7, GDS)

Pbd Ior` Ldsus smk` to Bks `ksgkpids, ’K bmvd toi` you tbks so tbmt you wkii

bmvd pdmgd jy jdkhf uhktd` to ad. Pbd wori` wkii amed you succdr. Jut jd jrmvd! K

bmvd dcdmtd` tbd wori`.‑ (Lobh =3<77, FHJ)Pbd mutbor oc tbd idttdr to tbd Bdjrdws

dxbortd`, ’Idt us eddp our dyds ckxd` upoh Ldsus, oh wboa our cmktb dpdh`s croa

jdfkhhkhf to dh`.‑ (Bdjrdws =:<:m, FHJ)

Ikcd ks m fkct fkvdh jy frmgd oc Fo`. Ikcd ks m gbmhgd, m gbmiidhfd, m gmiikhfmh` m gmrddr. Ikcd ks swddt ydt jkttdr. Pbd iohfdr wd gbdw tbd swddtdr kt tmstds, ohiy

jdgmusd oc tbd iovd, foo`hdss mh` adrgy oc Fo`.Mt m gdrtmkh aoadht kh ay ikcd K

wms sugguajd` to mse, ’Ay Fo`, ay Fo`, wby bmvd [oucorsmedh ad?‑ Pbdh m stkii

samii vokgd wktbkh ad wbkspdrd`, ’Jd stkii, mh` ehow tbmt K ma Fo`.‑ Mctdr aord

tbmh 34 ydmrs oc solourh oh tbks dmrtb ms m ikttid poor gbki` oc tbdBdmvdhiy Cmtbdr mh`

ms m buajid uhwortby sdrvmht oc tbd Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst, K gmh buajiy gohcdss tofdtbdr

wktb tbd frdmt Mpostid mui, ’Jut jy tbd frmgd oc Fo` K ma wbmt K ma, ..‑ (=Gorkhtbkmhs

=4<=>m, ZWS/HKS) mh` joiìy smy, " Vd rdlokgd kh our bopd oc sbmrkhf tbd fiory oc Fo`. Aord tbmh tbmt, wd rdlokgd kh our succdrkhf, ehowkhf tbmt succdrkhf proùgds

dhùrmhgd, mh` dhùrmhgd proùgds gbmrmgtdr, mh` gbmrmgtdr proùgds bopd, .... "

(Zoa. 4<:m-0). [ds, wd ikvd kh bopd, ohd `my mt m tkad.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxkv

Po mii ay dmriy jdiovd` crkdh`s, skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs kh Gbrkst, mrouh` tbd fiojd

wbo bmvd pmsskohmtdiy tmedh tbd jur`dh to ekhìy gohtrkjutd your pdrsohmi mrtkgids cor

tbks goaadaormtkvd voiuad oc akhd, K dikjdrmtdiy tmed dmgb oc tbda ms m skfh mh` sdmi oc

your ekh` goapmsskoh, frmgkoushdss mh` dapmtby to ad, mh` your sustmkhkhf dguadhkgmi

soik`mrkty wktb ad (lust ms K wms, K ma mh` K amy jd).Ay mpprdgkmtkoh ks mjovd admsurd. Ay frmtktu`d ks jdyoh` wor`s, to dmgb

ohd oc you. Idt ad lokh Aosds mh` Mmroh kh wksbkhf mii oc you tbd Jkjikgmi rkdstiy

Jidsskhf<

Pbd Ior` jidss you mh` eddp you<

Pbd Ior` amed Bks cmgd to sbkhd upoh you, mh` jd frmgkous to you<

Pbd Ior` ikct up Bks gouhtdhmhgd upoh you,mh` fkvd you pdmgd.

Huajdrs 3<:0-:3

Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf

[mhfoh, Amy :>=7



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF x v



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFx v k



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xvkk

^ZDCMGD

^rmksd jd to tbd Fo` mh` Cmtbdr oc our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst! Kh Bks frdmt adrgy Bd

bms fkvdh us hdw jkrtb khto m ikvkhf bopd tbroufb tbd rdsurrdgtkoh oc Ldsus Gbrkst croa tbd `dm`, mh` khto mh khbdrktmhgd tbmt gmh hdvdr pdrksb, spoki or cm`d ‗ edpt

kh bdmvdh cor you… = ^dtdr =<7-4.

Ckrst oc mii, wd woui` iked to fkvd mii fiory to Fo` cor dhmjikhf to pujiksb tbd

’Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhf Bopd‑ . Our bdmrtcdit tbmhes fo to dmgb mh` dvdry ohd oc tbd

gohtrkjutors mgross tbd fiojd dktbdr kh Dhfiksb, Aymhamr or Pd`ka. [our khskfbtcui vkdw

oh tbd ikcd oc Zdv. Waktb ameds goiourcui jdmuty to tbd ‒Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhf Bopd‛. Vd

kh`dd` trdmsurd your khvmiumjid wor`s mh` tboufbts jmsd` oh your iohf tkad khtkamtdcrkdh`sbkp, rdimtkohsbkp mh` khtdrmgtkoh wktb Zdv. Waktb kh kccdrdht gmpmgktkds.

Zdv. Waktb bmkis croa m samii vkiimfd gmiid` Gkkhfpkeot, Pd`ka Powhsbkp, Gbkh

Wtmtd kh Aymhamr. Vbdh bd wms 4, bks aua pmssd` mwmy. Bd wms jroufbt up jy bks

frmh`pmrdhts wktb bks uhgid‛s cmakiy. Pboufb bd cmgd` amhy ikcd gbmiidhfds skhgd bks vdry

gbki`boo`, bks ddp khciudhgd to bks vkiimfd coie ks m youhf mgtkvd joy wktb buakikty, gmrkhf

otbdrs wktb skhgdrkty mh` tboufbtcui ikvkhf wktb Fo`-cdmrkhf bdmrt. Bks Fo`-fkvdh sekii<

skhfkhf bms jddh mh dvdr dgbokhf khspkrmtkoh dspdgkmiiy to bks gohtdapormrkds. Bd out-

ikvds bks ikcd jy jdkhf tbd ckrst uhkvdrskty frmùmtd maohf bks vkiimfdrs. Pbd Miakfbty Fo`

bdkfbtdhs bks borkzoh croa tbd ust to m hmtkohmi ckfurd kh tbd Gbrkstkmh akhkstry, pmrtkguimriy

kh tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht.

‒Wprkhf‛ provds ktsdic to jd m ‒rdmi sprkhf‛ wbdh kt ks couh` mak`st tbd ry dsdrt.

‒Bopd‛ provds ktsdic to jd m ‒rdmi bopd‛ wbdh kt mppdmrs mak`st tbd ddp dspdrmtkoh.

Pbd mhmiofkgmi dxprdsskoh oc ‒bopd‛ ms ‒sprkhf‛ ksckttkhfiy mpproprkmtd to tbd gohtdht oc tbks

jooe. Ms m amttdr oc cmgt, urkhf tbd pmst 34 ydmrs oc Zdv. Waktb‛s ikcd lourhdy, tbdrd wdrd

tkads wbdh bks ydmrs wdrd dsdrvdìy growhd` jy tbd uh`dsdrvd` frmgd oc Fo`. Mt tbd

smad tkad, tbdrd wdrd miso tkads wbdh ’Ay tkads mrd kh Pby bmh`‑ bm` to jd qukdtiy

wbkspdrd` . Bowdvdr, Zdv. Waktb goui` skhf tofdtbdr wktb tbd smiakst, ’Pbd Ior` ks ay

Wbdpbdr`, K sbmii hot wmht5 ... Dvdh tboufb K wmie tbroufb tbd vmiidy oc tbd sbmòw

oc dmtb, K cdmr ho dvki5 ... Wurdiy foo`hdss mh` adrgy sbmii coiiow ad mii tbd `mys oc

ay ikcd5 ...‑ (^s. :7<=, 0, 3m). Zdv. Waktb goui` gohck`dhtiy mggdpt tbd wor`s oc wksòa



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxvkkk

oc Ekhf Woioaoh, ’Jdgmusd tbd Ior` gorrdgts dvdryohd bd iovds, mh` puhksbds

dvdryohd bd mggdpts ms m soh‑ (^rovdrj =:<3). Bd goui` miso lokh kh gohcdsskhf wktb tbd

Mpostid ^mui, ’Ay frmgd ks succkgkdht cor you, cor ay powdr ks am`d pdrcdgt kh

wdmehdss‑ (: Gor. =:<;).Zdv. Waktb goui` stmh` ckraiy mh` cmktbcuiiy wktb cuii gohck`dhgd

kh tbd foo`hdss mh` frmgd oc Fo` tbroufb tbdsd ydmrs oc trmfd`y mh` vkgtkakzmtkoh jdgmusdbd ks dm`-surd oc tbd khdvktmjid wor`s oc bks Ior` Ldsus, ’Vbodvdr sdrvds ad aust

coiiow ad5 mh` wbdrd K ma, ay sdrvmht miso wkii jd. Ay Cmtbdr wkii bohour tbd ohd

wbo sdrvds ad‑ (Lobh =:<:3, HKS).

Zdv. Waktb bm` strkvdh mh` gohtkhuds to strkvd ms m buajid, cmktbcui sdrvmht oc

Fo` to coiiow ’Pbd Amstdr‛s Vmy‑<

Hot ours to ehow tbd rdmsoh wby, uhmhswdrd` ks our prmydr,

Jut ours to wmkt cor Fo`‛s owh tkad to ikct tbd Gross wd jdmr5

Hot ours to ehow tbd rdmsoh wby croa iovd ohds wd aust pmrt, Jut ours to ikvd kh cmktb mh` bopd tboufb jidd`khf to tbd bdmrtHot ours to

ehow tbd rdmsoh wby tbks mhfuksb, strkcd mh` pmkh,

Jut ours to ehow m growh oc tborhs swddt frmgds cor us fmkh5

M gross, m jidd`khf bdmrt mh` m growh ‗ wbmt frdmtdr fkcts mrd fkvdh?

Jd stkii, ay bdmrt, mh` auraur hot< Pbdsd mrd tbd Edys oc Bdmvdh.

(Mhohyaous)

Dmgb mh` dvdry aoadht oc sugb ups mh` òwhs oc 34 ydmrs, Ldsus stmh`swktb Zdv. Waktb khstmhtiy mh` gohstmhtiy ms m rdmi ’Wprkhfoc tbd ikvkhf Bopd‑. Pbks

strdhftb dapowdrs Zdv. Waktb to jd posktkohd` ms mh kgoh oc buakikty, bohdsty mh`

bopd. Our skhgdrd prmydr mh` `d`kgmtkoh ks tbmt Fo`, wboa Zdv. Waktb ckraiy

mhgbord` bks cmktb kh, jd dvdr prdsdht ‒Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhf Bopd‛ kh tbd `mys to

goad, mh` tbd dssdhgd oc tbd ‒Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhfBopd‛ jd trmhsakttd` to tbd hdxt

fdhdrmtkohs tbroufb tbks goiidgtkoh oc tbd ’Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhf Bopd‑.

ûjikgmtkoh Pdma

Gkkhfpkeot Goaauhkty

Wprkhf oc tbd ikvkhf Bopd

[mhfoh, :=st Mprki :>=7



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xkx

COZDVOZ@

K rdgdkvd` m idttdr croa Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf kh wbkgb bd rdqudstd` ad

to wrktd m ’Cordwor`‑ cor tbd jooe oh bks ikcd mh` wore kh tbd akhkstry oc Ldsus Gbrkst. Bd

miso adhtkohd` tbmt bks cdiiow woredrs kh Gbrkst mrd gohtrkjutkhf mrtkgids cor tbd jooe. K

mssuad` tbmt tbd mrtkgids wkii jd prkamrkiy oh bks ikcd mh` wores rdimtd` to vmrkous Gbrks-

tkmh orfmhkzmtkohs bd sdrvd` ms m cuii-tkad woredr. Vbdh m pdrsoh ks msed` to wrktd m

’Cordwor`‑ cor m jooe, bd bms to ruh tbroufb tbd jooe mh` rdh`dr bks ’Cordwor`‑wbkgb wkii dajrmgd mpprdgkmtkoh, goaadht mh` support. Jut wktb tbks jooe sugb m ’Cord-

wor`‑ ks hot cdmskjid mh` kh ohd sdhsd khmpproprkmtd to tbd hmturd oc tbd jooe.

Ay ’Cordwor`‑ wkii stmrt wktb tbd qudstkoh< wbo ks tbks pdrsoh Waktb? Ay mhswdr

ks tbmt bd ks m Pd`ka Gbkh, jorh mt m vkiimfd gmiid` Gkkhfpkeot, Pd`ka towhsbkp, hortbdrh

Gbkh Wtmtd. Bks aotbdr kd` wbdh bd wms ohiy 4 ydmrs oi`. Khspktd oc tbd dgohoakg

`rmwjmges, bd struffid` vdry bmr` to goapidtd bks stu`kds kh Bkfb Wgbooi. Jy tbd frmgd

oc Fo` bd wms mjid to pursud bkfbdr dùgmtkoh kh bks ikcd.

K ckrst adt bka mt our Wtu`dht Gbmpdi, Jmw`kfohd hdmr Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty. K

wms rdqudstd` jy tbd Jmptkst idm`drs tbmt tkad mt tbd Jmptkst Bdm`qumrtdrs kh [mhfoh to

khktkmtd m Gbmpdi cor mii Gbrkstkmh stu`dhts pursukhf bkfbdr dùgmtkoh mt tbd Thkvdrskty oc

Amh`mimy wbdrd K goapidtd` ay Jmgbdior oc Mrts dfrdd kh =;3>. Vbdh K ckrst smw

Waktb mt tbd Sdspdr Wdrvkgd bd iooed` vdry skapid, qukdt mh` rdsdrvd`. K k` hot amed mh

mttdapt to ckh` out ms to wbo bd wms mh` bks cmakiy jmgefrouh`. Wooh K ksgovdrd` tbmt

bd wms m rdfuimr goadr to tbd Wtu`dht Gbmpdi mh` jdgmusd oc bks qukdthdss kh hmturd K k`

hot dxpdgt bka to fdt khvoivd kh tbd ikcd mh wore oc tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Thkoh (Thkvdrskty

Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp). K wms wrohf kh ay gmiguimtkoh oh bka. Bd jdgmad m vdry mgtkvd

adajdr mh` bd wms dhtrustd` to idm` our gbokr. Our gbokr wms vdry strohf mh` wd provk`d` gbokr ktdas to mii gburgbds oh spdgkmi rdikfkous oggmskohs kh Amh`mimy. Dvdry

Wuh`my wd smhf mt Ediiy Jmptkst Gburgb. K wms vdry tbmhecui to Waktb cor bks goaakttd` idm`drsbkp kh tbd gbokr mh` otbdr auskg profrmaads.

Lu`fkhf croa bks goaaktadht, K cdit tbmt bd goui` jd m potdhtkmi cuii-tkad idm`dr

cor tbd ikcd mh` wore oc tbd gburgb. Wo, mt tbd giosd oc tbd Thkvdrskty mgm`dakg ydmr, K

msed` bka wbdtbdr bd wksb to lokh Fo`‛s akhkstry oh m cuii-tkad jmsks. K rdadajdrd` tbmt

bd skapiy sakid`. Kt wms Fo` Bkasdic wbo tooe tbd khktkmtkvd to jrkhf Waktb khto Bks

akhkstry. Kh Ogtojdr =;3;, bd wms ohd oc tbd gmh`k`mtds kh tbd Idm`drsbkp Prmkhkhf

Khstktutd (IPK) rofrmaad oc tbd Juram Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht (WGA) kh Zmhfooh.

Ms m trmkhdd bd stu`kd` tbdoiofy mt tbd Juram @kvkhkty Wgbooi (how AKP) cor tbd JZD

`dfrdd. Imtdr kh Ogtojdr =;27 bd wms mjid to curtbdr bks dguadhkgmi tbdoiofkgmi stu`kds

mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd Jossdy oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds hdmr Fdhdvm,



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFx x

Wwktzdrimh` mh` tbdh mt tbd Thkvdrskty oc Fimsfow kh Wgotimh`, T.E. Bd gmad jmge to

Aymhamr kh Wdptdajdr =;23 wktb m Amstdr dfrdd kh Dguadhkgmi Pbdoiofy.

Bmvkhf dqukppd` bkasdic wktb tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh, bd bdi` sdvdrmi rdspohskjid

posktkohs kh amhy Gbrkstkmh orfmhkzmtkohs. Po adhtkoh m cdw, bd sdrvd` ms tbd Dxdgutkvd

Wdgrdtmry cor tbd Goaprdbdhskvd Idm`drsbkp roaotkoh rofrmaad (GI^^) oc tbdAymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG), imtdr ms kts Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry mh`

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry uhtki tbd dh` oc :>>4.

Ohd amy mse wbmt bms bd gohtrkjutd`, dspdgkmiiy kh tbd dguadhkgmi goaauhkty bd

bm` sdrvd` cor amhy ydmrs. K wkii smy, bd bms. K wkii lust adhtkoh m cdw oc bks gohgrdtd

gohtrkjutkohs to tbd dguadhkgmi orfmhkzmtkohs. Bd khktkmtd` m uhkqud profrmaad ehowh ms

’Crohtkdr Aksskoh Zdgruktadht Goursd‑ cor tbd WGA/TGV. Pbmt aksskoh mgtkvkty wms to

gbmiidhfd Gbrkstkmh stu`dhts kh tbd uhkvdrsktkds mh` goiidfds kh tbd gouhtry to fdt khvoivd`

kh sogko-dgohoakg mh` poiktkgmi kssuds oc tbd gkvki sogkdty. Pbd otbdr imh`-amre gohtrkjutkoh

ks tbd proaotkoh oc tbd ’Zouh` Pmjid mrthdrs‛ rofrmaad‑ oc tbd AGG. Pbd pmrthdrsmrd adajdrs oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds wbo dskrd` to wore wktb AGG adajdr

gburgbds cor dvdiopadht profrmaads. Pbd adajdr gburgbds bmvd cuiiy jdhdckttd` croa

tbd Zouh` Pmjid mrthdrs‛ rofrmaads. Kt ks stkii mikvd, mt tbd smad tkad ddpdhkhf mh`

dhrkgbkhf tbd tbdoiofkgmi gohgdpt oc ’dguadhkgmi sbmrkhf‑ kh tbd goaaoh gohgdrhs oc

buamh kssuds.

Mctdr bks rdtkrdadht croa tbd WGA, mh` upoh bks rdturh croa curtbdr stu`kds

mjrom`, bd khktkmtd` m profrmaad mt tbd AGG ehowh ms ’Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd‑.

Pbd purposd oc tbks profrmaad ks to proaotd dguadhkgmi idm`drsbkp cor tbd adajdr gburgbds oc tbd AGG. K bm` tbd prkvkidfd to sdrvd oh tbd Goaakttdd cor sdvdrmi ydmrs.

Pbd trmkhkhf wkii fo cor ohd aohtb (7>) mys. Pbd sujldgt amttdrs khgiu`d jotb jkjikgmi

mh` gohtdxtumi stu`kds dajrmgkhf sogko-dgohoakg, poiktkgmi sujldgts. Bm` kt hot jddh cor

bks vkskoh mh idm`drsbkp ADK amy hot mttrmgt tbd adajdr gburgbds. Po`my, tbks profrmaad

ks aovkhf oh. K stkii rdadajdr wbmt bd smk` mjout kt, tbmt ks, ’Kt ks wortb `ykhf‑ cor

kapidadhtkhf tbks profrmaad wktb cdiiow woredrs oc tbd Goaakttdd.

Pbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, orkfkhmiiy stmrtd` kh =;=0 ms tbd Juram

Zdprdsdhtmtkvd Gouhgki oc Aksskohs, hdvdr bm` m juki`khf oc kts owh uhtki ;tb @dgdajdr

=;;4 oh wbkgb mtd tbd Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi Wbmrkhf Gdhtrd (ADWG) juki`khf wmskhmufurmtd` wktb tbd fdhdrous support oc D\D/DD@ mh` dguadhkgmi pmrthdrs. K wms

prkvkidfd` to sdrvd ms Gbmkr oc tbd ADWG Juki`khf roldgt Goaakttdd mh` bd ms tbd

Wdgrdtmry. ADWG juki`khf goui` wdii jd rdfmr`d` ms m aohuadht oc bks dguadhkgmi

goaaktadht mh` cmktbcui dh`dmvour.

Khspktd oc trkmis mh` trkjuimtkohs, tbd frmgd oc Fo` wms succkgkdht dhoufb to rdgovdr

bka wktb strohf spkrktumi vktmikty to dhgouhtdr mh` ovdrgoad tbda. Kh Zoamhs 2<:2, Wt.

^mui smk`, ’Mii tbkhfs wore cor foo` to tbosd wbo iovd Fo`.‑ [ds, Ldsus Gbrkst bm` ohd

amrvdious tbkhfs kh tbd ikcd oc Zdv. Waktb. Amy tbd foo` Ior` gohtkhud to jidss bka kh bksikcd mh` wore cor Bks fiory.

Zdv. @r. M. Eo Imy

:4 Cdjrumry :>=7



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xxk

GBZOHOIOFKGMI MTPOJKOFZM^B[ OTPIKHD

(Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf)

=;06 Luiy = Jorh mt Gkkhfpkeot vkiimfd, Pd`ka Powhsbkp, hortbdrh Gbkh Wtmtd,

Aymhamr Cmtbdr, m Wkmh \mSuhfb (dxp. =;;>), Aotbdr, Hu Pbmhf Hdda

(dxp.=;4:)

=;3: Amrgb ^mssd` 6tb Wtmh`mr` croa rkvmtd Ak`ìd Wgbooi, Gkkhfpkeot

=;34 Amrgb ^mssd` Amtrkguimtkoh croa Wtmtd Bkfb Wgbooi, Pd`ka

=;3; Ogtojdr Ckhksbd` J.Wg.(\ooiofy) croa Amh`mimy Mrts & Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty

(AMWT)

=;6= Ogtojdr Ckhksbd` J.Z.D. croa Juram @kvkhkty Wgbooi(how Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy)

=;6= Hovda. Mppokhtd` ms Wtu`dhts‛ mstor, Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp

(TGC),Amh`mimy

=;6; Lmhumry Dxdgutkvd Wdgrdtmry, Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Vore, Juram Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds, Zmhfooh

=;27 Ogtojdr Mttdh`d` Frmùmtd Wgbooi oc Dguadhkgmi Wtu`kds, Pbd Dguadhkgmi

Khstktutd Jossdy,Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, hdmr Fdhdvm, Wwktzdrimh` .

(ckrst stu`dht croa Juram)=;20 Ogtojdr ôstfrmùmtd Wtu`kds mt tbd Thkvdrskty oc Fimsfow, Wgotimh`, TE

=;23 Wdptda. Goapidtd` A.Pb. (Dguadhkgmi Pbdoiofy), Thkvdrskty oc Fimsfow,

Wgotimh`, TE (Ckrst A.Pb. frmùmtd croa mjrom` kh Juram)

=;26 Lmhumry Goor`khmtor, Goaprdbdhskvd Idm`drsbkp ^roaotkoh ^rofrmaad

(GI^^) gua Wgboimrsbkps ^rofrmaad Wdgrdtmry, Juram Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds, Zmhfooh

=;;: Hov. :: Or`mkhd mt Lu`soh Gburgb, [mhfoh. Pwo Dpksgopmi Jksbops (Mhfikgmh

& Adtbo`kst) imk` bmh`s tofdtbdr wktb cour Jmptkst Akhkstdrs=;;3 Amy Mppokhtd` Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds

:>>= Amy Mppokhtd` Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc AGG (Wdrvkgd dh`d` 7=st @dgdajdr

:>>4)



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxxkk

Hotd< Gohcdrrd` C@GW (Cdiiow oc @kstkhfuksbd` Gbrkstkmh Wdrvkgd), mh bohormry

Gdrtkckgmtd mh` Fowh jy tbd Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy mt kts Frmùmtd

Wdrvkgd oh 2tb Amrgb :>>7

Zdamre< Mppokhtd` ms Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm(GGM) w.d.c. Lmhumry :>>3 jut bd wktb`rdw bks mggdptmhgd ud to tbd

sm` trmfd`y jdcmiidh oh bka. Wkhgd Luhd :>>3 bd bms jddh tdmgbkhf mt Pd`ka

Gbrkstkmh Goiidfd (mcckikmtd` to AKP), Boiy Gross Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd

(Mhfikgmh), Jdtbmhy Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry (Kh`dpdh`dht ^rdsjytdrkmh

Gburgb), mh` Iorrmkh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd (Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb). (Mii

mrd adajdrs oc MPDA, AGG mh` GGM)

WOAD KAÔZPMHP/WKFHKCKGMHP DGTADHKGMI GOHCDZDHGDWMPPDH@D@

M. KHPDZHMPKOHMI

=;6; Luiy VGG Vori` Gohcdrdhgd oh Cmktb, Wgkdhgd mh` tbd Cuturd, AKP,

Jostoh, AM, TWM

=;2= Mufust VWGC :2tb Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy, Thkvdrskty oc Wmh Crmhgksgo, Wmh

Crmhgksgo, GM, TWM

=;24 Luhd 64tb

Mhhkvdrsmry oc =;=> Vori` Aksskohmry Gohcdrdhgd, D`khjurfb,Wgotimh`, TE

=;;7 Wdpt. VGG Vori` Gohvdhtkoh oh Imy Gdhtrds& Aovdadhts, Aohtrdmt,

H.G., TWM

=;;4 Luhd VWGC =>>tb Mhhkvdrsmry Wdhkour Crkdh`s‛ Fmtbdrkhf, Jdrikh, Fdramhy

=;;3 Mufust Vori` Gohvogmtkoh oh Skmjid Dguadhkgmi Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh,

Osio, Horwmy

=;;6 Wdpt. VGG mh` Hmtkohmi Gbrkstkmh Gouhgkis Addtkhf, Fdhdvm, Wwktzdrimh`

:>>= Luhd DD@ @kmeohkm mrthdrs‛ Addtkhf, Johh, Fdramhy:>>= Wdpt. DMPVOP (Dgua. Msso.oc Pbkr` Vori` Pbdoiofkmhs) 4tb Mssdajiy,

]ukto, Dgumòr

:>>: Mufust VGG-HGGs Addtkhf mh` Cmktb & Or`dr 64tb Mhhkvdrsmry, Imusmhhd,

Wwktzdrimh`

:>>0 Amy Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy oc tbd Gburgb oc Wgotimh`, D`khjurfb, Wgotimh`,

TE

J. MWKM ZDFKOHMI

=;6; @dgdajdr VWGC Mskm-^mgkckg Zdfkohmi Wtmh`khf Goaakttdd,

Bohf Eohf

=;2= Luiy/Muf.VWGC Mskm-^mgkckg Zdfkohmi Goaakttdd, Poeyo, Lmpmh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xxkkk

=;;4 Lmhumry OWV-DW^ Dguadhkgmi mrthdrs‛ Gohsuitmtkoh, [of Lmemrtm,

Khòhdskm

=;;4 Lmhumry DMPVOP Mskm Zdfkohmi Pbdoiofkgmi Voresbop, Pmfmytmy,

^bkikppkhds

=;;4 Luhd GGM =>tb

Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy, Goioajo, Wrk Imhem=;;6 Luhd Gohfrdss oc Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs (GMPW), Couh khf Gohcdrdhgd , Wdoui,

Eordm

=;;2 Lmhumry GGM-CMJG Mskmh Aovdadht cor Gbrkstkmh Thkty (MAGT-KK), Jmik,

Khòhdskm

=;;; Luiy OWV/DW^ Mskm mrthdrs‛ Gohsuitmtkoh, Gbkmhf Amk, Pbmkimh`

:>>> @dgdajdr WDMZWOIKH :4tb Mhhkvdrsmry, Gmfmymh d Oro Gkty, bkikppkhds

:>>= Luiy VGG Mskm Zdfkohmi Froup Addtkhf, Goioajo, Wrk Imhem

:>>: Amy GGM Fdhdrmi Goaakttdd Addtkhf, Pmkpdk, Pmkwmh:>>: Luhd GGM HGG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmrkds‛ Addtkhf, Pmo Cohf Wbmh Gdhtrd,

Bohf Eohf

:>>: Luhd GVW-HGGTWM Mskm mrthdrs‛ Gohsuitmtkoh, Gbkmhf Amk, Pbmkimh`

:>>7 Mufust Gohfrdss oc Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs (GMPW-KS), Gbkmhf Amk, Pbmkimh`

:>>7 Ogtojdr GGM Fdhdrmi Goaakttdd Addtkhf, Jmhfeoe, Pbmkimh`

:>>0 Cdjrumry HGG Kh`km ;>tb Mhhkvdrsmry & ]um`rdhhkmi Mssdajiy, Pkruhdivdik,

Woutb Kh`km

:>>0 Cdjrumry DGIOC Durmskm-^mgkckg Zdfkohmi Voresbop, Prkgby, Woutb Kh`km:>>0 Luiy Zdfkohmi Gbrkstkmh-Ju``bkst @kmiofud Wdakhmr, Pmo Cohf Wbmh

Gdhtrd, Bohf Eohf

:>>0 Wdpt. GGM HGG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmrkds‛ Addtkhf, Gbkmhf Amk, Pbmkimh`

:>>4 Amrgb GGM Fdhdrmi Goaakttdd & =:tb Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy, Gbkmhf Amk,

Pbmkimh`

G. WOAD IOGMI/HMPKOHMI DGTADHKGMI IDM@DZWBK^ KHSOISDADHPW

=;60 ‗ =;62 Bohormry Wdgrdtmry, Amh`mimy Gouhgki oc Gburgbds=;64 ‗ =;62 Pdmgbkhf pmrt-tkad mt Prmkhkhf Khstktutd

(Aymhamr Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd), Amh`mimy

=;2> ‗ =;2: Pdmgbkhf pmrt-tkad mt Adtbo`kst Pbdoiofkgmi Khstktutd, Zmhfooh

=;26 ‗ =;;0 Pdmgbkhf pmrt-tkad mt Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy (AKP), Khsdkh,

[mhfoh

=;;> ‗ :>>= Pdmgbkhf pmrt-tkad mt Boiy Gross Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd, [mhfoh

=;;3 ‗ =;;; Pdmgbkhf pmrt-tkad mt Aymham Khstktutd oc Gbrkstkmh Pbdoiofy

(AKGP), Khsdkh, [mhfoh=;;6 ‗ :>>4 Jomr` adajdr, [mhfoh [AGM & Hmtkohmi [AGM

=;;; ‗ :>>4 M`vksor, D`dh Bmh`kgmppd` Wdrvkgd Gdhtrd (DBWG), bmwemh,

Khsdkh, [mhfoh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxxkv

:>>: ‗ :>>4 Jomr` adajdr, Amry Gbmpamh @dmc Wgbooi, [mhfoh

:>>: ‗ :>>4 M`vksory Pdma adajdr, Vori` Skskoh Aymhamr

:>>> ‗ :>>4 Gbmkr, Idm drsbkp @dvdiopadht rofrmaad, Aymhamr Jmptkst

Gohvdhtkoh (AJG) ( M`vmhgd` Idm`drsbkp Wdakhmr, m hdw khktkmtkvd

wms imuhgbd` cor idm`drsbkp proaotkoh oc tbd Imhfumfd & ZdfkohmiFroups mh` Mssogkmtkohs, bdi` mhhumiiy)

:>>> ‗ :>>4 Gbmkr, Jomr` oc Prustdds oc tbd Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy

@urkhf tbks pdrko` bd smw tbd coiiowkhf hdw khktkmtkvds & dvdiopadhts<

• JMZW (Jmgbdior oc Mrts kh Zdikfkous Wtu`kds, rdhmad` Ikjdrmi

Mrts) ^rofrmaa dvdhturd` kh Ogtojdr :>>>

• Lu`soh Zdsdmrgb Gdhtrd (LZG) opdhd` kh Luiy :>>7

•

Lokht @.Akh. rofrmaad wktb Thkoh Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry(TPW), bkiikpkhds, imuhgbd` kh Ogtojdr :>>0

• ^rocdssorsbkp wms khstmiid`

• Pdra oc sdrvkgd dxtdh`d to mfd 34 wktb posskjid supdrmhhumtkoh up

to 6>

WOAD WKFHKCKGMHP KHKPKMPKSDW @TZKHF BKW PDHTZD MP AGG

(=;6; ‗ :>>4)

M. VOZE GMA^W (:) oc Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Vore @dpmrtadht(=) Zom` mh` Jrk`fd gohstrugtkoh mt [dzkh-^ykhamhm,

(:) Cksb mwh kffkhf mt Fyogbmuhf, mhtmhmw cor Jikh` Wgbooi (AGCJ)

J. CZOHPKDZ AKWWKOH ZDGZTKPADHP GOTZWD (:) oc TGV @dpt.

Mh dhtkrdiy hdw khktkmtkvd cor frmùmtkhf stu`dhts cor khgmrhmtkohmi aksskoh

mh` sogkmi mgtkoh<

(=) K`dhtkckgmtkoh wktb Zurmi poor goaauhktkds kh dfu[oam mrdm

(:) Jmskg bdmitbgmrd cor frmss-root rurmi goaauhktkds kh ditm rdfkoh

G. WDHKOTZ CZKDH@W‛ @DWE opdhd` mt TGV occkgd kh [mhfoh

Wmym Fk`doh Wbwd sdrvd` ms ckrst cuii-tkad Wdgrdtmry oc Wdhkour Crkdh`s‛

profrmaad.

@. DGTADHKGMI IDM@DZWBK^ GOTZWD (DIG)

Mh dhtkrdiy hdw vdhturd oc khtdhskvd ohd aohtb trmkhkhf cor :h` & 7r` ikhd

idm`drs oc gburgbds stmrtd` kh Cdjrumry =;;: uh`dr tbd Goaprdbdhskvd Idm`drsbkp proaotkoh ^rofrmaad (GI^^). Goursds Ho.= ‗ 4 wdrd gohùgtd` mt ^roc. @r. Bim

Ju Adaorkmi Juki khf. Goursd Ho.3 mh` tbd coiiowkhfs wdrd bdi` mt tbd ADWG

(Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi Wbmrkhf Gdhtrd). GI^^ jdgmad ADK (Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xxv

Khstktutd) kh =;;; mh` skhgd tbdh ADK gohtkhud` tbd mhhumi ohd aohtb DIG goursd urkhf

Mufust. Pbd goursd aoùid ks vdry goaprdbdhskvd, mttdaptkhf to khtroùgd mii mspdgts oc

tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh kts fiojmi mh` gohtdxtumi pdrspdgtkvds mh` gohgdrhs. (ADK ks

khtdh`d` to jd tbd Aymhamr vdrskoh oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd Jossdy)

D. DGTADHKGMI IKJZMZ[

Wtmrtd` kh =;;0 mt ^roc. @r. Bim Ju Adaorkmi Juki`khf wbkgb aovd` khto

ADWG juki`khf kh =;;3. Goiidgtkohs oc jooes mh` mrtkgids mrd amkhiy kh tbd mrdm oc

dguadhkgmi aovdadht mh` rdimtd` topkgs. Pbdrd mrd how sujstmhtkmi voiuads mvmkimjid

cor rdcdrdhgds.

C. JMWKG AD@KGMI WT^Î[ ^ZOLDGP

Khktkmtd` kh =;;0 wktb tbd support oc D\D/DD@ croa Fdramhy mh` imtdr lokhd` jy Gbrkstkmh Mk` croa TE. Pbd proldgt ksgohtkhud` mctdr :>>4.

F. A[MHAMZ DGTADHKGMI WBMZKHF GDHPZD (ADWG) JTKI@KHF

ADWG juki`khf proldgt wms rmctd` mh` tbd juki`khf pimh wms dskfhd` jy bka

ms tbd Wdgrdtmry oc tbd ADWG Juki`khf Goaakttdd. Mctdr sdrkds oc khtdhskvd ksgusskohs

mh` kmiofud, D\D/DD@ frmgkousiy mfrdd` to support. ADWG juki`khf wms khmufurmtd`

oh ;tb @dgdajdr =;;4, mh` AGG occkgds wdrd opdrmtkvd jy Lmhumry =;;3.

B. A[MHAMZ (AGG) ZOTH@ PMJID

Wkhgd kts khgdptkoh kh =;26 kh Wtuttfmrt mh` kts ckrst addtkhf kh Iohòh kh

=;;>, bd pimyd` m pkvotmi roid ms tbd gohhdgtkhf tbrdm` wktb tbd Dguadhkgmi mrthdrs

mh` VGG cor tbd progdss mh` profrdss oc AGG Zouh` Pmjid uhtki tbd dh` oc :>>4.

K. CTZPBDZKHF ZDIMPKOHW MH@ GOIIMJOZMPKOHW VKPB GJGA

Bd pimyd` m vktmi roid pmrtkguimriy kh tbd coiiowkhf hdw khktkmtkvds oc mhhumi lokht

profrmaads tofdtbdr wktb tbd GJGA (Gmtboikg Jksbops‛ Gohcdrdhgd oc Aymhamr)<

(=) Lokht Gbrkstams Vorsbkp Wdrvkgd mh` Cdiiowsbkp @khhdr skhgd =;;;

(:) Hmtkohmi Dguadhkgmi Wtu`y Wdakhmr skhgd :>>:

(7) Vdde oc rmydr cor Zdgohgkikmtkoh mh` dmgd kh Aymhamr skhgd :>>:

(Wdpt.:2 ‗ Ogt.0)

L. AGG DGTADHKGMI WGBOIMZWBK^W ^ZOFZMAAD

Wkhgd =;26 bd dstmjiksbd` gor`kmi worekhf rdimtkohsbkps wktb VGG mh`

Fdramh Dguadhkgmi Wgboimrsbkps ^rofrmaads mh` cmgkiktmtd` vmrkous stu`y mh`

trmkhkhf profrmaads kh pmrthdrsbkp wktb tbd coiiowkhf Dguadhkgmi Khstktutkohs<

(=) Pbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd Jossdy, VGG, Wwktzdrimh`

(:) Wdiiy Ome Goiidfds, Jkrakhfbma, TE

(7) Krksb Wgbooi oc Dguadhkgs, @ujikh, Zdpujikg oc Krdimh`



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxxvk

(0) Gom`y Khtdrhmtkohmi Khstktutd, Hovm Wgotkm, Gmhm`m

(4) Ovdrsdms Akhkstrkds Wtu`y Gdhtdr (OAWG), Hdw Bmvdh, GP., TWM

(3) GOZMP Mcrkgm, Hmkrojk, Edhym

(6) Akhòio Dguadhkgmi Couh`mtkoh (ADC), Ektwd, \majkm

(2) WDMZWOIKH (Woutb-Dmst Mskm Zurmi Wogkmi Idm`drsbkp Khstktutd),Gmfmymh d Oro Gkty, bkikppkhds.

(;) Mskmh Wogkmi Khstktutd (MWK), Amhkim, bkikppkhds

(=>) Mskmh Zurmi Khstktutd (MZK) & Mskmh Bdmitb Khstktutd (MBK), Poeyo, Lmpmh

(==) Gdhtrd cor Khtdfrmtd` Zurmi @dvdiopadht (GKZ@), Am`rms Gbrkstkmh

Goiidfd, Gbdhhmk, Kh`km

HOPD< Bd tbmhed` Fo` to sdd soad outstmh`khf idm`drs maohf tbd sgboimrsbkp-

boi`drs sugb ms tbd coiiowkhfs<m) @r. Wmw Voh`drcui mw, Couh`dr/Gbmkr, Emytuam k Cksb & ouitry Cmra

Go-op., It`., Pmuhfu

j) T \kh Muhf Wwd, Wdhkor rofrma Occkgdr, Lmpmh MWDMH Goopdrmtkoh,

Lmemrtm, Khòhdskm

g) Zt. Zdv. Wmaudi Btmhf Ome, Msst. Jksbop oc [mhfoh, coradr rkhgkpmi oc

Boiy Gross Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd

`) Zdv. T Eymw Puh Ikh, rkhgkpmi, Aymham Khstktutd oc Gbrkstkmh Pbdoiofy

(AKGP), Khsdkhd) Zdv. @r. Wmaudi Wmh Aymt Wbwd, rkhgkpmi, Boiy Gross Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd,

[mhfoh

c) Zdv. @r. I.J. Wkmam, rkhgkpmi, Iorrmkh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd & Aksskoh Wtu`kds

Gdhtrd, bmwemh, Khsdkh

f) ^roc. @r. Wmw Bimkhf Jwm, @krdgtor oc Lu`soh Zdsdmrgb Gdhtrd & roc. oc

Pbdoiofy, AKP, Khsdkh

b) Zdv. @r. [ma Ebo mu, Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry, Aymhamr Jmptkst Gohvdhtkoh

k) Zdv. Wmw Amttbdw Myd, @krdgtor, Emykh @dvdiopadht Hdtwore (E@H),

[mhfoh

l) Wmymam @mw Hyuht Hyuht Pbdkh, rkhgkpmi, Amry Gbmpamh @dmc Wgbooi,

[mhfoh

e) Wmymam @mw Pbmh Pbmh Vkh, Ikjrmrkmh, Dguadhkgmi Ikjrmry, Aymhamr

Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd, AGG.

E. SKWKPW OC @KWPKHFTKWBD@ DGTADHKGMI DZWOHHDI PO

A[MHAMZ<

Bd pimyd vdry kaportmht pmrt kh cmgkiktmtkhf tbd vkskts oc tbd coiiowkhf kstkhfuksbd

dguadhkgmi pdrsohhdi, sugb ms<

(=) @KMEOHKM Pdma (=7) adajdrs croa Wwd`dh id` jy @krdgtor Jo Corsjdrf

(Lmhumry =;;6)



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHF xxvkk

(:) @r. Akgbmdi Pmyior, @krdgtor oc GBZKWPKMH MK@, Iohòh, TE (Lmhumry =;;6)

(7) Jksbop Zoic Eoppd, Gbmkr oc Dguadhkgmi Zdimtkohs, DE@, Fdramhy (Lmhumry

=;;6)

(0) Zdv. @r. Fuhhmr Wtmisdtt, Coradr Fdrhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc Iutbdrmh Vori`

Cd`drmtkoh, Jksbop oc Osio & adajdr oc Hojdi dmgd Goa. (Cdjrumry =;;2)(4) Pbd Sdry Zdv. @r. Ckhimy Amgòhmi`, Ao`drmtor oc Gburgb oc Wgotimh`, Wgotimh`

(Ogtojdr :>>:)

(3) Zdv. @r. Eohrm` Zmksdr, VGG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry (Amrgb :>>7) (Ckrst VGG-

FW to vkskt Aymhamr)

I. AGG DGTADHKGMI PDMA SKWKPW MJZOM@

Bd orfmhkzd` tbrdd vkskts5 ohd to Duropd mh` mhotbdr two to Mskm

M. DGTADHKGMI PDMA SKWKPW PO DTZO^DMH ^MZPHDZW (Mprki :> - Amy :, :>>7)

Pdma adajdrs< Zdv. Wmw Amr Fmy Fyk (^rdsk`dht), Mrgbjksbop Wmaudi Wmh Wk

Btmy (Skgd rdsk`dht), @r. Mhhm Amy Wmy ^m (S. .), Zdv. @mw Aod Aod Dk (S. .) &

Zdv. Waktb H.\. Pbmwhf (FW)

(m) Gbrkstkmh Mk`, Iohòh, TE

(j) Gbrkstkmh Gouhgki oc Wwd`dh, Gburgb oc Wwd`dh, Wtogeboia/ Tppsmim,

Wwd`dh

(g) Horwdfkmh Gbrkstkmh Gouhgki, Osio, Horwmy(`) VGG Bdm`qumrtdrs, Fdhdvm, Wwktzdrimh`

J. DGTADHKGMI PDMA SKWKPW PO IMOW, GMAJO@KM, PBMKIMH@

(Amy 6 - ==, :>>7) (Pdma adajdrs< smad ms mjovd)

(m) Imos Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb, Skdhtkmhd, Imos

(j) Emapugbdmh Gbrkstkmh Gouhgki, hoapdhb/Wkdarkmp, Gmajo`km

(g) Gburgb oc Gbrkst kh Pbmkimh`, Jmhfeoe/Gbkmhf Amk, Pbmkimh`

G. DGTADHKGMI PDMA SKWKP PO WZK IMHEM (Luiy 2-=3, :>>0)

(Pdma adajdrs< Zdv. Wmw Amr Fmy Fyk, Mrgbjksbop Wmaudi Wmh Wk Btmy,

@r. Mhhm Amy Wmy m & Zdv. Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf.)

Pbks vkskt wms khtdh`d` ms m pdmgd stu`y tour, to sdd mh` idmrh croa tbda.

Sksktd` to Goioajo, Fmiid, Gbkhgo, Prkhgoadidd, Prkhgo, Emh`y, dtg.

HOPD< AGG Dguadhkgmi Pdma Skskt to Gbkhm Gbrkstkmh Gouhgki (Hmh Lkhf &

Wbmhfbmk) wms miso mfrdd` mh` pimhhd` jut bm` to jd gmhgdiid` ud to WMZW

dpk`dakg ksdmsd



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFVHFVHFVHFVHFxxvkkk



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =

DHFIKWB WDGPKOH



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7

M AMH VBO BMH@ID@ ATIPKÎD MGPKSKPKDW

Mjkfmki

K gmad to ehow Zdvdrdh` Waktb kh tbd ydmr =;22 wbdh bd mggoapmhkd` tbd imtd^rocdssor Vkiikma mw wbo wms tbdh tbd Bohormry Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) to mttdh` m addtkhf mt tbd Aotbdr mh` Gbki` @dvdiopadht

Gdhtrd (AG@G) mt Khsdkh. Pbd Gdhtrd wms ehowh ms ’Wmebmhtbm‑ wbkgb wms m proldgt

oc tbd Zmhfooh [VGM couh`d` jy tbd imtd @r. Wdkh Amy Gbkt mh` cuh`d` jy D\D croa

Fdramhy. rofrmaads mh` mgtkvktkds sugb ms bdmitb gmrd oc aotbdrs mh` gbki`rdh, my

gmrd cor gbki`rdh oc worekhf aotbdrs, cdd`khf profrmaads cor amihourksbd` gbki`rdh,

sdwkhf trmkhkhf cor lojidss youhf woadh to dmrh cor tbdkr ikvdikboo`, dtg. wdrd cmgkiktmtd`.

Pbd gdhtrd wms m rdhtd` woo`dh juki`khf mh` wbdh tbd owhdr ho iohfdr wksbd` to rdht

kt rocdssor mw khktkmtd` to purgbmsd m samii piot oc imh` boi`khf m samii juki`khf rkfbt

opposktd to tbd prdvkous sktd. Kt wms owhd` jy ohd oc bks crkdh`s croa tbd uhkvdrskty. Mt

tbd dh` oc tbd D\D support, [VGM goui` ho iohfdr gohtkhud tbd mgtkvktkds. Pbdh AGG,

kh tbd pdrsohs oc roc. mw mh` Zdv. Waktb, tooe curtbdr khktkmtkvd jy orfmhkzkhf mh`

gohvkhgkhf tbd gburgb idm`drs oc tbd Khsdkh-Pbmamkhf Gburgbds Cdiiowsbkp mjout tbd

hdd` mh` kaportmhgd oc tbd mgtkvktkds oc tbd gdhtrd cor tbd wboid goaauhkty mh` tbmt tbdy

sboui` tmed rdspohskjkikty to gmrry oh tbd mgtkvktkds. Pbd iogmi gburgbds tooe rdspohskjkikty

dguadhkgmiiy mh` kt ks how tbrkvkhf oh wktb vmrkous mgtkvktkds dxpmh`khf dvdh jy gohùgt-

khf skx-aohtb khtdhskvd trmkhkhf cor goaauhkty bdmitb woredrs mttdh`d croa vmrkous stmtds

mh` kvkskohs. Jdkhf m gburgb-jmsd` hoh- prockt orfmhkzmtkoh, tbd dxdgutkvd adajdrs oc

tbd Wmebmhtbm gdhtrd, mctdr rdpmyadht oc tbd purgbmsd iomh cor sdvdrmi ydmrs kh khstmi-

adht, put up mh mppdmi cor dxdaptkoh oc tbd rdpmyadht iomh to tbd AGG. Pbroufb tbd

dccort oc Zdv. Waktb kt wms frmhtd` wbkgb wms m frdmt rdikdc cor Wmebmhtbm.

Kh tbd ydmr =;;0 AGG màkhkstrmtkvd mutborktkds cdit tbd dspdrmtd hdd`, sgmrgkty

mh` bkfb gost oc ad`kgkhds cor tbd poor mh` succdrkhf pdopid. Kh or`dr to miidvkmtd tbd

projidas AGG bdi` m addtkhf mttdh`d` jy tbd AGG dxdgutkvd adajdrs, D\D

rdprdsdhtmtkvds mh` tbd Fdramh Majmssmòr, mh` mfrdd` to bmvd m Jmskg Ad`kgmi Wuppiy

proldgt. Pbd AGG occkgd dhtrustd` tbd tmse to Zdv. Waktb. Vktb tbd goor`khmtkoh mh`

goopdrmtkoh oc tbd Aymhamr Gbrkstkmh Bdmitb Voredrs‛ Wdrvkgd Mssogkmtkoh (AGBVWM),

K wms msskfhd` to amhmfd tbd stormfd mh` kstrkjutkoh oc tbd ad`kgkhds. Kh gohsuitmtkoh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF0

wktb tbd adajdrs oc tbd AGBVWM, K put up tbd ikst oc tbd aost dssdhtkmi ad`kgkhds to

AGG mh` Zdv. Waktb corwmr`d` mh` sujakttd` to D\D cor support. Pbd ad`kgmi ktdas

wdrd purgbmsd` kh Jmhfeoe jy m pmrthdr mfdhgy mh` dikvdrd` to AGG jy m iogmi mfdht.

Pbd proldgt jdhdcktd` amhy gikhkgs, bospktmis, sdakhmrkds, aksskoh gdhtrds, kh mii courtddh

stmtds mh` kvkskohs tbroufbout tbd gouhtry cor tdh ydmrs.Kh :>>0, AGG wms khvktd` to pmrtkgkpmtd kh tbd gouhtry 7@ roldgts, k.d. BKS/

MK@W, Pujdrguiosks mh` Amimrkm. K mttdh`d` tbd ckrst addtkhf mh` tbd coiiowkhf addtkhfs

wdrd mttdh`d` jy @r. T Ayo Pkht, m sdhkor adajdr oc tbd AGBVWM. AGG dgk`d` to

pmrtkgkpmtd kh tbd Amimrkm roldgt. Kt ks how gohtkhud` kh cour towhsbkps kh Gbkh stmtd mh`

cour towhsbkps kh Emgbkh stmtd. rkor to tbd roldgt, 7@ roldgt mutborktkds mssdssd` tbd

màkhkstrmtkvd mh` ckhmhgkmi gmpmjkiktkds oc AGG occkgd jy khtdrvkdwkhf Zdv. Waktb mh`

tbdy wdrd cuiiy gohvkhgd`.

Pbd rdmsoh wby K adhtkohd` tbd mjovd proldgts ks to amed ehowh tbd skhgdrddccorts oc Zdv. Waktb rdh`drd` towmr`s tbd suggdss oc tbd vmrkous bdmitb proldgts gmrrkd`

out jy AGG. Zdv. Waktb mh` bks wkcd bmvd fohd tbroufb pdrko` oc trkjuimtkoh wktb

pdrsdvdrmhgd mh` cmktb. Zdjdggm bms m bdmrt oc foi mh` kt ks so trmfkg tbmt sbd wms gmiid`

to tbd bdmvdhiy boad kh dmriy mfd.

Kh gohgiuskoh, K wksb to stmtd tbmt Zdv. Waktb bms sbowh tbd mjkikty to jd dhfmfd`

kh auitkpid, vmrkd`, skauitmhdous mgtkvktkds rdqukrkhf goapidx, adhtmi, sogkmi, daotkohmi

idm`drsbkp sekiis.




OTZ PZKJTPD PO M FOO@ CZKDH@ OC FDHDZOWKP[

Mfhdtm Amfhussoh & Oioc Ikh`stroa

Vmradst GOHFZMPTIMPKOHW, `dmr T Hfuib \m Pbmwhf - or ms wd mrdaord goacortmjid mh` usd` to m``rdss you Zdv. T Waktb - oh your jkrtb`my mh` to your

rdtkrdadht! Vd o bopd tbmt you wkii dxpdrkdhgd m hkgd mh` adaormjid jkrtb`my, mh` tbmt

you amy dhtdr m hdw jidssd` pdrko` kh your ikcd! Vd prmy mh` o bopd tbmt Fo` amy jd

frmgkous to you mh` jidss you ms wdii ms your wboid cmakiy! Amy Bd miwmys jd wktb you!

Kt ks m rmtbdr iohf tkad skhgd wd adt cor tbd vdry ckrst tkad! Kt fods jmge to tbd

ak`ìd oc tbd =;2>‛s wbdh wd ms rdprdsdhtmtkvds oc tbd Jmptkst Thkoh oc Wwd`dh mh` kts

Wogkmi Vdicmrd Aksskoh mh` Zdikdc Vore vksktd` your gouhtry cor tbd ckrst tkad. Pbks vdry

ckrst gohtmgt wktb you mh` our khktkmi vkskt to your gouhtry, wms tbd stmrt oc amhy admhkhfcui

coiiow-up addtkhfs mh` goopdrmtkoh jotb kh Juram ms wdii ms kh Wwd`dh.

[ou wdrd croa tbd vdry jdfkhhkhf m rdmi edy-pdrsoh to us mh` vdry kaportmht kh

our gohtmgts wktb tbd Jmptksts kh your gouhtry. Mt tbd smad tkad, you wdrd m foo` fuk`d

khto tbd Dguadhkgmi gkrgids kh Juram. Kh tbd froup oc skfhkckgmht crkdh`s wd am`d kh tbdsd

vkskts mh` kh our kccdrdht cdiiowsbkps, you bmvd jddh kh cogus ud to your wk`d hdtwore

mh` gohtmgts. [our ddp ehowid`fd mh` your wkiikhfhdss to bdip us, wbdh wd vksktd`

Juram bmvd jddh ddpiy mpprdgkmtd`. Vd mrd fim` tbmt you bm` tbd opportuhkty to vkskt

our gouhtry mh` idmrh m ikttid oc our jmgefrouh` ‗ dvdh kc your vkskts lust wdrd m cdw ohds.

[ou bmvd mii tbd tkad jddh oc skfhkckgmht kaportmhgd to us kh tbd ak`st oc our

cmakiy, crkdh`s mh goiidmfuds. Vd wmht to adhtkoh tbd aost Zdvdrdh Mrgbjksbop Mh`rdw

Aym Bmh, tbd Jmptkst mh` Dguadhkgmi pdrsohmikty Zdv. T Vkh Pkh, Gbrkstkmh idm`drs iked

Zdv. Muhf Ebkh mh` bks wkcd @mw Bim [k, Zdv. T Amr Fmy Fyk mh` otbdr Jmptkst akhkstdrs

iked Zdv. T Pbm @kh, Zdv. Pod Pod mh` T Adbh Puh Pbmh.

Kh m wk`dr Dguadhkgmi ckdi` tbdrd mrd pdrsohmiktkds wd bmvd kh akh` iked Jksbop

Wmaudi croa tbd Dguadhkgmi Wbmrkhf Gdhtdr mh` tbd rkhgkpmi oc AKP mt Wdakhmry Bkii,

@r. Mhhm Amy Wmy ^m hot to corfdt to adhtkoh tbd wmra goupid mt [AGM or T Pbm

Hymh mh` @mw Aykht Aykht Ebkhd. Vbdh kt goads to proldgts supportd` croa Wwd`dh,

you bmvd miwmys jddh wkiikhf to bdip. [ou bmvd fuk`d` us rdfmr`khf tbd guiturd go`ds mh`

khtroùgd` us to tbd rkfbt pdrsohs. [our posktkvd support to tbd dvdiopadht proldgt

coguskhf oh gbki`rdh kh hdd`, fkris‛ dùgmtkoh mh` trmkhkhf cor woadh kh Gbkh Wtmtd wdrd




spdgkmi. Pofdtbdr wktb your jdiovd` wkcd Zdjdggm, you miso dvmiumtd` tbd profrma. Mt

tbmt tkad, wd goui` hot kamfkhd tbmt your strohf, gmrkhf mh` supportkvd wkcd, aotbdr mh`

crkdh` Zdjdggm sboui` pmss mwmy lust m cdw aohtbs imtdr. Vd wkii eddp bdr adaory kh

our bdmrts!

Vd mrd fim` mh` tbmhecui cor mii tbd tkads Fo` bms idt us addt! Vd mrd bopkhf mh` prmykhf tbmt tbd cuturd wkii jd mys mh` ydmrs oc rkgb jidsskhfs mh` profrdss to you mh`

your gbki`rdh wktb cmakikds! Bopdcuiiy wd amy addt mfmkh soadtkad mh` soadwbdrd!




PBMP PBD[ AM[ MII JD OHD (Lobh =6< :>-:7)

MBH Lmd Voohf

Po`my, K woui` iked to sbmrd wktb you jrkdciy wbmt tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht ks miimjout. Vd mii ehow tbmt tbd [AGMs bmvd proùgd` so amhy outstmh`khf dguadhkgmi

idm`drs kh tbd pmst. K bopd tbmt tbks uhkqud trm`ktkoh woui` gohtkhud wktbkh tbks fdhdrmtkoh

mh` kh tbd cuturd fdhdrmtkoh ms wdii.

’Dvmhfdikzmtkoh oc tbd wori` kh tbks fdhdrmtkoh‑ wms m rdma mh` m vkskoh oc Lobh

Z. Aott, m gbkdc mrgbktdgt oc tbd ao`drh dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Mitboufb, bks rdma ks

hdvdr rdmikzd`, rmtbdr tbd uhckhksbd` aksskoh tmse mt tbd aoadht, tbks vkskoh aust jd gmrrkd`

oh jy fdhdrmtkoh to goad. Amhy oc tbd dguadhkgmi idm`drs kh tbosd mys cdit tbmt< ’Kt ks tbd

`dgkskvd bour oc Gbrkstkmh aksskoh.‑ Ms m rdsuit, wbmt tbdy k` wms to wore so bmr` cor

rdgruktkhf, trmkhkhf, sdh`khf, mh` dvmhfdikzkhf tbd wori` tbroufb tbks prdsdht fdhdrmtkoh,

iked tbd [AGMs

Fk`doh Foosdh‛s jooe, ’Jrkhfkhf Gburgbds Pofdtbdr< M opuimr Khtroùgtkoh to

Dguadhksa‑ (=;;7) goui` jd bdipcui to khcora us aord mjout tbd ovdrmii admhkhf oc tbd

dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Idt ad jorrow bdrd khtdhskvdiy soad k`dms croa Foosdh‛s

khtdrprdtmtkoh. Pbd wor` ’dguadhksa‑ or kts m`ldgtkvd ’dguadhkgmi‑ bms gbmhfd` kts usmfd

ovdr tbd gdhturkds. Pbd Frdde wor` ’okeouadhd‑ iktdrmry admhs ’tbmt wbkgb pdrtmkhs to

tbd wboid khbmjktd` wori`‑. Aordovdr, Amttbdw usds kt kh tbks sdhsd kh :0<=0, ’Pbks foo`

hdws oc tbd ekhfòa wkii jd progimkad` to tbd wboid wori`, ’okeouadhd‑ ms m wkthdss to

mii tbd hmtkohs. Khktkmiiy, kt wms usd` kh tbks sdhsd kh tbd ikcd oc tbd gburgb. Pbus tbd ckrst cdw

gouhgkis oc tbd Gbrkstkmh gburgb, iked Hkgdm (7:4), Gohstmhtkhopid (72=), Dpbdsus (07=),

or Gbmigdòh (04=) wdrd gmiid` dguadhkgmi gouhgkis ms tbdy wdrd sddh to rdprdsdht tbd

wboid, uhkvdrsmi Gburgb.

Pbdrd ks m sdgoh admhkhf oc tbd wor ’dguadhkgmi‑ tbmt wbkgb pdrtmkhs to Gbrkstkmh

uhkty. Pbus tbd ’dguadhkgmi aovdadht‑ ks ’tbd progdss towmr`s m frdmt dxprdsskoh oc

uhkty mh` goopdrmtkoh maohf mii Gbrkstkmhs.‑ Mitboufb kt rdcdrs to Gbrkstkmh uhkty kh tbd

ckrst pimgd, jy dxtdhskoh kt ks miso soadtkads usd` to mppiy to dccorts towmr`s frdmtdr

uh`drstmh`khf mh` goopdrmtkoh jdtwddh Gbrkstkmhs mh` m`bdrdhts oc tbd wori`‛s otbdr

rdikfkohs, cor dxmapid, Bkhùs, Ausikas, Ju``bksts or Ldws. Kh tbks gmsd tbd dxprdsskoh

’wk dr dguadhksa‑ or ’khtdfrmi dguadhksa‑ ks soadtkads usd . Ms mii tbks gmh jd gohcuskhf,




K tbkhe kt ks gidmrdr to usd tbd tdra ’khtdrcmktb‑ or ’khtdr-rdikfkous‑ wbdh mt idmst, mhy two oc

tbd wori`‛s cmktbs mrd khvoivd`. Pbdrd ks mhotbdr sujstmhtkmi kccdrdhgd jdtwddh tbd

’Gbrkstkmh‑ dguadhkgmi aovdadht, mh` khtdr-rdikfkous ’rdikfkohs oc tbd wori`‑ kmiofud.

Pbd ckrst bms Gbrkstkmh uhkty ms kts fomi5 tbd sdgoh` mkas mt jdttdr uh`drstmh`khf mh`

toidrmtkoh jdtwddh wori` rdikfkohs, hot orfmhkg or mhy otbdr typd oc uhkty, wbkgb woui` jdkaposskjid jdgmusd oc rm`kgmi kccdrdhgds kh jdikdc. Vbdh ohd spdmes oc khtdr-rdikfkous

`kmiofud, kt ks kaportmht to pokht out kh pmsskhf tbmt tbd Gbrkstkmh-Ldwksb rdimtkohsbkp ks m

uhkqud ohd jdgmusd oc tbd rdimtd` bkstorkds oc tbdsd two cmktbs.

Kt ks octdh tboufbt tbmt dguadhksa ks soadtbkhf wbkgb ohiy stmrtd` kh tbd :>tb

gdhtury. Pbks ks hot strkgtiy spdmekhf gorrdgt. Mitboufb kt ks gorrdgt to spdme mjout tbd

rdgdht dguadhkgmi aovdadht bmvkhf kts jdfkhhkhf mt tbd =;=> D khjurfb Vori Aksskohmry

Gohcdrdhgd, tbdrd wdrd otbdr mttdapts mt Gbrkstkmh uhkty.

Mirdm`y kh tbd Hdw Pdstmadht tkads, ksuhkty grdmtd` projidas. Vd ehow croaour rdm`khf oc tbd idttdrs tbmt tbdrd wdrd tdhskohs mh` `kvkskohs maohf soad oc tbd

goaauhktkds. mui bms to amed m strohf dxbortmtkoh to uhkty, kh jdikdc, mh` prmgtkgds kh =

Gorkhtbkmhs =<=>-=3 jdgmusd tbdrd wdrd cmgtkohs wktbkh tbd goaauhkty puiikhf kt kh kccdrdht

`krdgtkohs. Woad supportkhf mui, mh` soad otbdrs wdrd Gdpbms or Mpoiios. Kh Dpbdskmhs

0<=-3, mh` bkikppkmhs 0<:-7, tbd smad sort oc projidas mrd adhtkohd`. Ohd goui` ckh`

otbdr dxmapids oc kvkskohs mh` tdhskohs kh tbd Hdw Pdstmadht goaauhktkds, jut tbd

pokht bms jddh am`d tbmt kvkskohs mh` mttdapt mt rdgohgkikmtkoh wdrd mirdm`y tbdrd kh our

rdikfkous bkstory rkfbt croa tbd jdfkhhkhf.Ohd oc tbd aost strkekhf mh` jkzmrrd dpkso`ds kh tbd corfottdh bkstory oc mttdaptd`

rdgohgkikmtkohs kh Gbrkstkmhkty wms tbd mttdapt to bdmi tbd Dmst-Vdst sgbksa oc =>40 jy

tbd gouhgkis oc Iyohs (=:60) mh` Ciordhgd (=07;).

Vbmt bkstory sbows ks tbmt tbdrd bmvd jddh amhy kvkskohs maohf Gbrkstkmhs

skhgd tbd vdry jdfkhhkhf, mh` dqumiiy tbmt tbdrd bmvd jddh amhy mh` vmrkous mttdapts mt

pmtgbkhf up kccdrdhgds. Pbdrd bms jddh tbd gohstmht tdhskoh wktbkh Gbrkstkmhkty grdmtd`

jy tbd corgds tbmt wore cor uhkty mh` tbosd tbmt tdh` to dstroy uhkty.

Bowdvdr, wd bmvd to adhtkoh tbd pkohddrs oc tbd ao`drh dguadhkgmi aovdadht

kh amhy wmys, hmadiy tbd youtb mh` stu`dht froups sugb ms tbd [ouhf Adh‛s Gbrkstkmh

Mssogkmtkoh (=200), tbd wori` [ouhf Voadh‛s Gbrkstkmh Mssogkmtkoh (=244) mh` tbd

Vori` Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh (=2;4) wbkgb imtdr wms gmiid`, tbd Cd`drmtkoh oc tbd

Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadhts. Pbdsd youhf pdopid, hot rdprdsdhtkhf mhy pmrtkguimr

`dhoakhmtkoh, wdrd pkohddrs oc dguadhksa5 tbdy hurturd` amhy dguadhkgmi idm`drs, mh`

crdqudhtiy fmvd pdopid tbdkr ckrst tmstd oc dguadhkgmi prmydr,. Pbdy tooe mh mgtkvd pmrt kh

tbd gohcdrdhgds tbmt id` up to tbd coramtkoh oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh =;02.

Ms rdfmr`s mgtumi gburgb uhkohs augb bms bmppdhd` kh rdgdht dgm`ds. Pbdrd

bms jddh soad foo` hdws croa mii pmrts oc tbd wori`. Kh Gmhm`m, kh =;:4, tbd Adtbo`kst,

Gohfrdfmtkohmi mh` hdmriy bmic oc tbd rdsjytdrkmh gburgbds corad` tbd Thktd` Gburgb oc

Gmhm`m (TGG).



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ;

Pbd aost skfhkckgmht dvdht oc tbd pdrko` cor dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh Mskm wms tbd

khmufurmtkoh oc tbd Gburgb oc Woutb Kh`km (GWK) kh =;06, tbd Thktd` Gburgb oc Dpksgopmi

mh` hoh-Dpksgopmi Gburgbds. Pbd coramtkoh oc Gburgb oc Woutb Kh`km wms uhkqud kh tbmt

cor tbd ckrst tkad kh bkstory m gburgb tbmt bm` amkhtmkhd` tbd bkstorkg suggdsskoh oc tbd

dpksgopmtd suggdd`d` kh dhtdrkhf khto cuii gorpormtd goaauhkoh wktb hoh-DpksgopmiGburgbds. Miso, cor tbd ckrst tkad skhgd tbd frdmt gidmvmfds oc tbd Zdcoramtkoh pdrko`

tbdrd bms jddh m rdmikzmtkoh oc mfrddadht, ms tbd mgt oc gburgb uhkckgmtkoh kh wbkgb Dpksgopmi

mh` hoh-Dpksgopmi trm`ktkohs sugb ms Adtbo`kst mh` rdsjytdrkmh Gburgbds bmvd jddh

jroufbt tofdtbdr khto tbd uhkty oc m skhfid gburgb. Pbkrty ydmrs imtdr kh =;66, tbd Gburgb oc

Hortb Kh`km (GHK) wms corad` jy tbd uhkoh oc Mhfikgmhs, ^rdsjytdrkmhs,

Gohfrdfmtkohmiksts, Jmptksts, Jrdtbrdh, @ksgkpids mh` Adtbo`ksts.

Kh Mustrmikm, tbdrd wms miso mh dhgourmfkhf skfh oc vktmikty kh tbd dguadhkgmi ckdi`

wktb tbd coramtkoh oc tbd Thktkhf Gburgb kh Mustrmikm (TGM) kh =;66. Bdrd tbd pmrthdrswdrd tbd Adtbo`kst, Gohfrdfmtkohmi mh` soad oc tbd rdsjytdrkmh Gburgbds.

Kh tbd Thktd` Ekhfòa, tbd Thktd` Zdcorad` Gburgb (TZG) gmad khto jdkhf kh

=;6: wktb tbd uhkoh oc tbd rdsjytdrkmh mh` Gohfrdfmtkohmi Gburgbds kh Dhfimh`. Kh

=;2= tbdy wdrd lokhd` jy tbd Gburgbds oc Gbrkst wbkgb ks m rdamremjid mh` uhkqud

uhkoh, jdgmusd tbks hdw gburgb how goajkhds khcmht mh` jdikdvdrs‛ jmptksa.

Wkhgd tbd =;4>‛s tbdrd bmvd jddh gmiis cor uhkoh maohf tbd cour amkh rotdstmht

gburgbds kh Crmhgd, tbd Zdcorad` Gburgb, Pbd Zdcorad` Gburgb oc Mismgd mh` Iorrmkhd

(DZMI), tbd Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb oc tbd Mufsjurf Gohcdsskoh oc Mismgd mh` Iorrmkhd(DGMMI), mh tbd Iutbdrmh Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb. Kh =;3>, tbd Zdcorad Gburgb kh Crmhgd,

kts mssdajiy mt Aohtjdikmr`, m votd cor uhkty wms gmrrkd`, mh` mt Goiamr kh =;33 m

goaaoh procdsskoh oc cmktb wms rmctd`. Pbdrd wms m curtbdr gmii cor uhkty kh =;;= mt tbd

mhhumi syho` oc tbd Zdcorad` Gburgbds kh Ortbdz. Admhwbkid, kh =;67, tbd Idudhjdrf

Mfrddadht jdtwddh tbd DZMI mh` tbd DGMMI wms mkad` mt ovdrgoakhf ogtrkhmi

`kccdrdhgds mtkhf croa tbd Zdcoramtkoh. Kt miso provk`d` cor goaauhkoh maohf aord

tbmh dkfbty Duropdmh mh` Imtkh Madrkgmh gburgbds.

Kh Trufumy, tbd Gbrkst Gburgb wms tbd rdsuit oc tbd Daamhudi Adtbo`kst Gburgb

mh` tbd Boiy Prkhkty Mhfikgmh Gburgb adrfkhf kh =;66. Kh =;2=, kh wbmt wms tbdh tbd

goaauhkst @daogrmtkg Zdpujikg oc Fdramhy, tbd Cd`drmtkoh oc rotdstmht Gburgbds, tbd

Thktd` Iutbdrmh Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb mh` tbd Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb corad` tbd Thktd`

^rotdstmht Gburgb.

V. M. Skssdr ‛tBooct, kh bks jooe, ’Pbd Fdhdsks mh` Coramtkoh oc tbd Vori`

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds,‑ (=;2:), dxpimkhd` mjout tbd jmgefrouh` oc coramtkoh oc tbd VGG.

Pbd khmufurmi mssdajiy wms bdi` kh Mastdr`ma kh Mufust, =;02 uh`dr tbd tbdad ’Amh‛s

@ksor`dr mh` Fo`‛s @dskfh‑, wms gohsk`drd` kh cour pmrts ms sdgtkohs oc tbd addtkhf.

Pbd cour amlor strdmas oc tbd VGG bms uhkqud roid to pimy croa tbd jdfkhhkhf oc tbd

Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Pbd Cmktb mh` Or`dr sujldgt wms, ’Pbd Thkvdrsmi Gburgb kh

Fo`‛s @dskfh‑, wbkid tbd Ikcd mh` Vore wms, ’Pbd Gburgb mh` tbd @ksor`dr oc Wogkdty‑.

Pbd khtdrdst oc tbd hdwiy grdmtd` Goaaksskoh oc tbd Gburgbds oh Khtdrhmtkohmi Mccmkrs



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF= >

wms rdcidgtd` kh tbd sdgtkoh dmikhf wktb ’Pbd Gburgb mh` Khtdrhmtkohmi @ksor`dr‑5 tbd

pdrspdgtkvd oc tbd Khtdrhmtkohmi Aksskohmry Gouhgki, mh` oc tbd Wdgrdtmrkmt cor Dvmhfdiksa

wbkgb tbd Vori` Gouhgki bopd` to sdt up, wms kh tbd ksgusskoh oc ’Pbd Gburgb‛s Vkthdss

to Fo`‛s @dskfh‑. Pbd gohstktutkoh dckhd` tbd VGG ms m cdiiowsbkp oc gburgbds. Pbus kh

=;02, kt wms stmtd` vdry gidmriy tbmt tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds wms hot m gburgbmjovd tbd gburgbds. Kt wms miso stmtd` tbmt tbd goakhf tofdtbdr oc tbd gburgbds kh tbd

Vori` Gouhgki wms gohhdgtd` to tbdkr gmiikhf to jd tbd Gburgb oc Ldsus Gbrkst. Pbks mkas

mh` jmsks oc tbd VGG ks gohtkhud` up to tbks tkad.

Augb oc tbd cogus oc dguadhksa kh tbd :>tb gdhtury wms rkfbtiy oh tbd Vori`

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, skhgd kt wms tbd ^rotdstmhts wbo tooe tbd khktkmtkvd kh amttdrs

dguadhkgmi kh tbd ckrst pmrt oc tbd gdhtury. Idt us dxmakhd tbd orkfkh oc tbd amkh strdma oc

dguadhksa oc tbd Vori Gouhgki. Aost wrktdrs woui pimgd kts jdfkhhkhf wktb tbd D khjurfb

Vori` Aksskohmry Gohcdrdhgd oc wbkgb khgiu`d` Mhfikgmhs, mitboufb tbdy mrd hot, strkgtiyspdmekhf, rotdstmhts. Pbd tbdad oc tbd gohcdrdhgd wms, tbd Aksskoh oc tbd Gburgbds, ms

ohd woui` dxpdgt croa tbd jmgefrouh` oc tbosd wbo mttdh`d`. Kt imtdr dvdiopd` khto

tbd Khtdrhmtkohmi Aksskohmry Gouhgki (KAG).

Pbd Khtdrhmtkohmi Aksskohmry Gouhgki (KAG) miso dhgourmfd` tbd sdttkhf up oc

hmtkohmi aksskohmry gouhgkis kh otbdr pmrts oc tbd wori` wbdhdvdr kt bm` tbd opportuhkty.

Mctdr tbd addtkhf kh D`khjurfb, tbd KAG wms occkgkmiiy corad` kh =;:=. Pbdh, sujsdqudht

addtkhfs wdrd bdi` kh Ldrusmida (=;:2), kh Am`rms, Kh`km (=;72), mh` mctdr tbd Wdgoh`

Vori` Vmr kh Vbktjy, Dhfimh` (=;06), Vkiikhfdh, Fdramhy (=;4:), mh` kh Mggrm, Fbmhm(=;46). Mt tbks imtdst addtkhf, kt wms proposd` tbmt kt woui` adrfd wktb tbd Vori` Gouhgki

oc Gburgbds wbkgb adt kh =;3= kh Hdw @dibk.

Amttdrs oc ogtrkhd mh` gburgb or`dr wdrd dikjdrmtdiy mvok`d` jy tbd =;=>

gohcdrdhgd ms tbd didfmtds wmhtd` to gohgdhtrmtd oh aksskoh. Bowdvdr, ohd oc tbd

`didfmtds, Jksbop Gbmrids Jrdht, mh Madrkgmh aksskohmry kh tbd bkikppkhds wms pimhhkhf

to coiiow up tbd qudstkoh oc ogtrkhd kh mhotbdr wmy imtdr oh, ms bd cdit tbmt amttdrs oc

ògtrkhd goui` hot jd mvok`d`. Mctdr sdvdhtddh ydmrs oc gorrdspoh`dhgd, pdrsohmi gohtmgts

mh` prdpmrmtory addtkhfs, hdmriy 0>> pdopid, aost oc tbda occkgkmi didfmtds croa ovdr m

buh`rd` gburgbds, gmad to Imusmhhd, Wwktzdrimh`, kh Mufust =;:6 cor tbd ckrst Vori`

Gohcdrdhgd oh Cmktb mh` Or`dr.

Kh cmgt, Ikcd mh` Vore aovdadht wms m sdgoh` trkjutmry oc m amkh strdma tbmt

dvdhtumiiy jdgmad ehowh ms tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds id` jy tbd mrgbjksbop oc

Tppsmim, Hmtbmh Wod`drjioa. Pbd gohvkgtkoh oc tbd Ikcd mh` Vore aovdadht tbmt

’ògtrkhd kvk`ds mh` sdrvkgd uhktds‑ sooh fmvd wmy to m rdgofhktkoh tbmt dgkskohs mjout

wbmt ekh` oc sogkmi mgtkoh gmh jd uh`drtmedh tofdtbdr bmvd soadtbkhf to o wktb sugb

tbdoiofkgmi kssuds ms wbmt tbd ’ekhfòa oc Fo`‑ admhs.

Ms cmr ms tbd Ikcd mh` Vore aovdadht ks gohgdrhd` kh =;:4, soad 3>> didfmtds,

pius rdprdsdhtmtkvds oc Ortboòx Gburgbds, adt kh Wtogeboia to ksguss, ’Pbd Gburgb‛s

Zdspohskjkikty cor tbd Potmi Ikcd oc Amhekh`‑ - m wdkfbty topkg! Pbdy adt mfmkh kh Oxcor`

kh =;76, lust prkor to tbd Wdgoh` Vori` Vmr. Pbd tbdad tbks tkad oh ’Gburgb, Goaauhkty



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF = =

mh` Wtmtd‑ wktb tbd dapbmsks oh tbd cmaous siofmh ’idt tbd gburgb jd tbd gburgb‑. Jut tbd

Fdramh didfmtds wdrd corjk``dh jy tbd stmtd to mttdh`. .

Mfmkhst tbks jmgefrouh`, tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds wms occkgkmiiy couh`d`

kh Mastdr`ma kh =;02 wktb =06 gburgbds rdprdsdhtd`. How, tbd Vori` Gouhgki bms ovdr

70; adajdrs kh soad ==4 gouhtrkds. Jy tbd tkad tbd VGG wms couh`d`, tbd admhkhf oc ’dguadhkgmi‑, iohf usd` cor tbmt wbkgb wms mggdptd` jy tbd gburgb ms m wboid (ms kh

’dguadhkgmi grdd`s‑ mh` ’dguadhkgmi gouhgkis‑), bm` jddh dxtdh`d` to dhotd tbd

rdimtkohsbkps oc kccdrdht gburgbds mh` tbd gohsgkoushdss oc tbd wboidhdss oc tbd Gburgb.

Pbd =;4= stmtdadht jy tbd VGG Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd dxpmh`d` tbks curtbdr. Pbd tdra

’dguadhkgmi‑, smk` tbd Goaakttdd, dsgrkjds ’dvdrytbkhf tbmt rdimtds to tbd wboid tmse oc

tbd wboid gburgb to jrkhf tbd wboid fospdi to tbd wboid wori`‑.

Vd sboui` rdgmii tbd rdakh`dr oc Zutb Zousd tbmt tbd VGG ’hdktbdr ks hor gimkas

to jd tbd dhtkrd dguadhkgmi aovdadht …. Pbdrd mrd amhy otbdr amhkcdstmtkohs oc tbddguadhkgmi spkrkt wbkgb gohtrkjutd to tbd corwmr` swddp.‑ Woad oc tbdsd ’amhkcdstmtkohs

oc tbd dguadhkgmi spkrkt‑ outsk`d oc tbd VGG - hmtkohmi mh` rdfkohmi dguadhkgmi

orfmhkzmtkohs, Gbrkstkmh Vori Goaauhkohs, spdgkmikzd khtdrhmtkohmi orfmhkzmtkohs ‗ bmvd

corami rdimtkohsbkps wktb tbd Gouhgki.

^drbmps tbd dguadhkgmi mgtkvktkds wbkgb rdw tbd frdmtdr huajdr oc pmrtkgkpmhts

mrd ’prmydrs cor Gbrkstkmh uhkty‑, dspdgkmiiy tbd Vdde oc rmydr cor Gbrkstkmh Thkty,

gdidjrmtd` kh tbousmh`s oc iogmi goaauhktkds mhhumiiy (ùrkhf Lmhumry =2-:4) uskhf stu`y

amtdrkmi prdpmrd` jy m lokht Smtkgmh-VGG goaakttdd, mh` tbd Vori` @my oc rmydr dguadhkgmiiy orfmhkzd` jy woadh dmgb Amrgb.

Pbd VGG bms ho mutborkty to progimka gburgb ogtrkhd, to rdfuimtd gburgb or`dr

to khktkmtd stdps towmr`s gburgb uhkoh. Pbdsd mrd amttdrs cor tbd gburgbds tbdasdivds.

Pbd VGG ks rdm`y, kc msed`, to m`vkgd or msskst kh gburgb uhkoh hdfotkmtkoh.

K o hot wmht to adhtkoh tbd so amhy khktkmtkvds gmrrkd` out jy tbd dguadhkgmi

orfmhkzmtkohs khgiu`khf VGG, kh tdras oc jkjikgmi mh` tbdoiofkgmi stu`kds, rdidvmht kssuds,

tkadiy gohcdrdhgds, lokht mgtkoh, rdsourgd sbmrkhf, khtdrcmktb kmiofud mh` goopdrmtkoh,

idm`drsbkp coramtkoh mh` pdrcoramhgds, dguadhkgmi fovdrhmhgd mh` rdimtkohsbkps, mh`

so oh. Vd gmhhot dmskiy uh`drdstkamtd tbd dguadhkgmi bdrktmfds kh tbd pmst. Kh or`dr to

proaotd mii tbd k dmis mh vmiuds oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht, wd bmvd to dvotd oursdivds

to ckh` hdw wmys oc dguadhkgmi goaaktadht kh tbd cuturd.

Vd bmvd jddh dxmakhkhf tbd ovdrmii dguadhkgmi aovdadht. How kt ks our tmse to

cogus oh iogmi dguadhksa, kh otbdr wor`s, bkfbikfbt tbd hdw dguadhksa kh our gohtdxtumi

ikcd‛s sktumtkoh. Vbmt gmh jd òhd jy or`khmry pdrsohs to khvoivd kh tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht tbroufb tbdkr my to my ikvds? Bow wd gmh d`kgmtd to hurturd tbd dguadhkgmi

spkrkt kh our tkad? Bdrd mrd soad skapid wmys oc okhf dguadhksa kh tbd :=st Gdhtury kh

tbd gbmhfkhf gohtdxt kh wbkgb wd how ikvd.

Idt ad sbmrd wktb you Lkii Bmwedy‛s suaamry oc bdr jooeidt, ’Amppkhf tbd

Okeouadhd‑ (:>>0), qudstkohs cor gohsk drmtkoh cor jdttdr uh`drstmh khf our owh prmgtkgmi

gohsuaptkoh.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF= :

=. Gmh wd dvdiop m goaaoh vkskoh cor tbd wore oc tbd wboid oc tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht wbkgb ks rdidvmht cor tbd :=st Gdhtury mh` owhd` jy tbd vmrkous

mgtor?

:. Vbmt woui` our hmtkohmi mh` fiojmi gburgbds iooe iked kc wd sdrkousiy m``rdss

tbd ’Iuh`‑ qudstkoh< ’Wboui` our Gburgbds hot mgt tofdtbdr kh mii amttdrs dxgdpttbosd kh wbkgb ddp kccdrdhgds oc gohvkgtkoh goapdi tbda to mgt sdpmrmtdiy?‑

7. Bow gmh tbosd gburgbds wbosd ohiy khvoivdadht kh dguadhksa ks dktbdr tbroufb

pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbdkr Hmtkohmi Gouhgki oc Gburgbds or Gbrkstkmh Vori`

Goaauhkohs (GVGs) jd dhgourmfd` to pmrtkgkpmtd curtbdr kh tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht? Bow gmh otbdr mgtors kh tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht dhsurd tbmt tbdy

khgiu`d tbdsd gburgbds kh tbdkr wore?

0. @o wd hdd` to rdùgd tbd ’idvdis oc jdiohfkhf‑ cor adajdr gburgbds? Kc so, bow

ks tbks jdst mgbkdvd`?4. Vbmt ks tbd k`dmi strugturmi rdimtkohsbkp jdtwddh HGGs, suj-rdfkohmi cdiiowsbkps,

Zdfkohmi Dguadhkgmi Orfmhkzmtkohs (ZDOs), mh` tbd VGG? Mrd tbdrd mspdgts

oc tbd wore jdkhf uh`drtmedh jy Mii Mcrkgm Gohcdrdhgd oc Gburgbds wbkgb gmh

msskst our rdcidgtkoh?

3. Vbmt ks tbd aost mpproprkmtd strugturmi rdimtkohsbkp jdtwddh VGG mh` GVGs

tbmt woui` jd aord dccdgtkvd kc ohd dguadhkgmiiy?

6. Kh tbd bkstory oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht, wbdrd bms our goiimjormtkoh oh kssuds

jddh aost dccdgtkvd? Vbmt mrd tbd khfrd kdhts cor suggdsscui goiimjormtkoh mh` wbmt ks prdvdhtkhf us cor worekhf tofdtbdr oh kssuds?

2. Vbmt otbdr progdssds goui` jd kh pimgd so tbmt goapdtktkvd rdimtkohsbkps mrd

mvok`d`? Bow gmh wd costdr strohfdr pdrsohmi rdimtkohsbkps wktb dmgb otbdr?

Bow gmh dguadhkgmi idm`drsbkp jd dvdiopd`?

;. Vbmt progdssds gmh jd put kh pimgd to proaotd frdmtdr uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd roid,

amh`mtd mh` cuh`khf grktdrkm oc tbd mfdhgkds? Bow o wd jrom`dh/strdhftbdh

tbd cuh`khf jmsd oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh mii kts cmgdts?

=>.Vktbkh tbd ayrkm` oc roids VGG bms, wbmt mrd tbosd tbmt ohiy VGG gmh uh`drtmed

or tbmt VGG ks jdst posktkohd` to uh`drtmed?

Ms wd mrd bmvkhf our fdhdrmi mssdajiy bdrd kh dhmhf, kt ks vdry bdipcui to dxmakhd

A. @. @mvk`‛s jooe ’M Wyajoi oc Mskmh Woik`mrkty< M Bkstory oc tbd Mskm Miikmhgd oc

[AGMs‑. (=;;2) @mvk` gidmriy rdcidgtd` tbmt tbd hotdwortby mggoapiksbadht oc tbd

hkhtb Vori` Gohcdrdhgd oc tbd Vori` Miikmhgd oc [AGMs wms tbd mòptkoh oc tbd jm`fd

gohtmkhkhf tbd prmydr oc Ldsus ’Pbmt tbdy amy mii jd ohd‑ wbkgb jdgmad tbd khskfhkm oc tbd

Vori` Miikmhgd syajoikzkhf tbd uhkty, jrotbdrboo` mh` dguadhksa oc tbd Vori` [AGM

Aovdadht. Kt ks m trud dguadhkgmi spkrkt dpdh` upoh tbd prmydr oc Ldsus cor bks coiiowdrs

’tbmt tbdy amy mii jd ohd (ut oahds uhua skht)‑ Lobh =6<:=. K ma vdry augb khspkrd` jy

tbd dmriy [AGM‛s idm`drs wbo mòptd` tbks pmrtkguimr pmssmfd mh` put kt khto tbdkr khskfhkm.

Kh tbks sdhsd, [AGM ks tbd pkohddr kh idm`khf dguadhkgmi aovdadht croa tbd jdfkhhkhf.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF = 7

K ma miwmys m`vogmtkhf tbmt tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht sboui` jd cogusd` to jd

’fospdi-gdhtdrd`‑ mh` ’ikcd-gdhtdrd`‑. Mh` miso K khskst tbmt tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht

sboui` jd khvoivd` kh ’aksskoh-orkdhtd`‑, ’^dmgd-orkdhtd`‑, ’lustkgd-orkdhtd`‑, ’sdrvkgd-

orkdhtd`‑ mh` ’vmiud-orkdhtd`‑ profrmas mh` mgtkvktkds.

Ms coiiowdrs oc Ldsus, wd bmvd to jdmr kh akh` tbmt our ’goaaoh cdiiowsbkp‑,’goaaoh wkthdss‑, ’goaaoh sdrvkgd‑, ’goaaoh rdhdwmi‑ cor tbd rdmikzmtkoh oc tbd

dguadhkgmi k`dmis mh` spkrkt ks tbd kaportmht tmses cor our ikvds.

Idt ad suffdst tbd coiiowkhf skx pokhts ms vkrtuds oc dguadhkgmi aovdadht.

- Zdspdgt ikcd

- Zdldgt vkoidhgd

- Zdaovd gohcikgt

- ^roaotd lust pdmgd

-

^rotdgt buamh rkfbts- ^rdsdrvd goaaoh vmiuds

Pbd [AGMs, ms mh dguadhkgmi orfmhkzmtkoh or m pmrt oc dguadhkgmi aovdadht,

sboui` eddp kh akh` tbmt tbd coiiowkhf ckvd grktdrkm cor profrma pimhhkhf, kapidadhtkhf

mh` dvmiumtkhf sdrkousiy.

- Skskoh, aksskoh mh` fomis sboui` jd gidmrdr

- Amh`mtds, kssuds mh` gohtdhts sboui` jd sbmrpdr

- Wtrmtdfy, tmrfdt froup mh` kapidadhtmtkoh sboui` jd wksdr

-

Dxpdgtd` outgoad, dvmiumtkoh mh` rdgoaadh`mtkoh sboui` jd jrom`dr - Ju`fdtmry gohsk`drmtkoh sboui` jd propdr

K bopd tbmt tbd [AGMs sboui` jd giosdr to tbd amkhikhd dguadhkgmi dh`dmvors

miohf wktb otbdr dguadhkgmi mfdhgkds. Kh or`dr cor us to jd fdttkhf hdmrdr to dguadhkgmi

aovdadht, idt us rdadajdr wbmt tbd Gbkhdsd smfd Fumh \bohf ohgd smk`<

@o hot wdii kh tbd pmst

@o hot stmy kh tbd prdsdht

Gbmhfd wktb tbd trdh`s

Gbmhfd wktb tbd tkad.

Amy Fo` fo wktb us oh our dguadhkgmi lourhdy! Madh.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF= 0

PBOTFBP MP WAKPB'W AKHKWPZ[

Mhfdim Vohf Vmk Gbkhf

K gmad to ehow Waktb H. \. Pbmwhf ckrst kh tbd gohtdxt oc tbd Mskm-^mgkckgZdfkoh oc Vori` Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh (VWGC) wbdh bd wms lust m youhf, vkjrmht,

mh` dhtbuskmstkg pmstor, tmekhf pmrt kh ohd oc kts dmriy stu`dht trmkhkhf profrmaads kh

Jmhfeoe kh =;2:. Kh m wmy, mt tbd tkad wbdh K k` hot ehow augb mjout Juram or

Aymhamr, Waktb wms tbd dajo`kadht oc tbd gouhtry cor ad. Bd wms tbd prdsdhgd oc m

gouhtry tbmt wms prmgtkgmiiy mjsdht croa tbd wori` jdgmusd oc tbd akiktmry fovdrhadht‛s

giosd oor poikgy tbdh, tbroufb bka wd idmrht mjout tbd akiktmry dhcorgd` giosurd oc

uhkvdrsktkds, tbd rdstrkgtkvd mgtkvktkds oc tbd gburgbds mh` sdakhmrkds, mh` aost kaportmht,

tbd rdskikdhgd mh` pdrsdvdrmhgd oc tbd Gbrkstkmh Goaauhktkds mt m tkad wbdh tbdkr cmktb

wms hot jdkhf mpprdgkmtd`. Jdgmusd oc tbd kcckguitkds oc trmvdi cor bka, wd wdrd hot mjid

to rdgohhdgt uhtki augb imtdr tbroufb soad rdfkohmi mh` khtdrhmtkohmi dvdhts sugb ms tbd

fdhdrmi mssdajikds oc VWGC, Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm (GGM) mh` Gohfrdss oc

Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs (GMPW) kh tbd imtd hkhdtkds. Bmvkhf sdrvd` ms VWGC‛s rdfkohmi

sdgrdtmry, gbmkrpdrsoh mh` GGM‛s prdsk`dht croa ak` =;;>s to :>>>s, K ehdw lust bow

prdgkous Waktb‛s prdsdhgd bm` jddh to dmgb oc tbd dguadhkgmi fmtbdrkhfs, jotb kh tdras

oc bks pdrsohmi mvmkimjkikty mh` tbd gohgdrhs cor pdmgd bd jroufbt. Kt wms hot uhtki tbd

:>>>s wbdh wd gmad to addt m ikttid aord octdh kh tbd dvdhts mh` profrmaads oc Thktd`

Jomr` cor Gbrkstkmh Bkfbdr Dùgmtkoh kh Mskm(TJ) wbdh K sdrvd` oh kts Jomr` oc trustdds

mh` Waktb tbd Gbmkr oc ohd oc TJ‛s pmrthdr khstktutkohs mt Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy.

Pbdsd rdgdht dhgouhtdr bmvd jddh soad spdgkmiiy jidssd` mh` gdidjrmtkvd rduhkohs cor

jotb oc us mctdr tbd amhy ydmrs oc struffid mh` dhùrmhgd oc kcckguitkds tbmt Waktb bm`

fohd tbroufb.

@dspktd tbd kcckguitkds oc bks aksskoh mh` wore, Waktb bms hot jddh m wor`y

pdrsoh croa tbd my K ehdw bka. Kh cmgt, K goui` hot rdadajdr mhy iohf spddgbds croa

bka. Pbks, K jdikdvd, ks ohiy pmrtiy ud to tbd kssud oc imhfumfd jut aord so jdgmusd oc bks

gbmrmgtdr. Bd ks, to ad, miwmys aord m pdrsoh oc dd`s tbmh wor`s. @urkhf addtkhfs, bdwoui` jd mttdhtkvd, tboufbtcui mh` amed khskfbtcui khtdrvdhtkoh ohiy wbdh hdd`d`. Vbdh

bd spoed, bd wms skhgdrd, mhmiytkgmi mh` to tbd pokht. K goui`h‛t kamfkhd m worsd tkad

wbdh bd wms gmufbt kh mh uhlust sgmh`mi wbkgb miaost dstroyd` bks ikcd mh` gmrddr




goapidtdiy. Hdvdrtbdidss, khstdm` oc jdkhf dcdmtd`, bd mrosd croa tbd kcckguit tkads wktb

`kfhkty mh` khtdfrkty, mh` dmrhd` dvdh frdmtdr rdspdgt croa bks khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi

pmrthdrs mh` crkdh`s wktb bks dvdr cdrvdht rdsoivd to sdrvd Fo` mh` bks pdopid. @dspktd

tbd ydmrs oc kcckguitkds, Waktb bms edpt up bks woh`drcui wmra sakids. M jkf jrom` sakid

mh wmra dhqukrkds bmvd jddh bks ’Wtmh`mr`‑ fdsturds. Kh bks optkakstkg crkdh iy pdrsohmikty,K ma surd bd woui` jd m gmrkhf tdmgbdr to bks stu`dhts mh` m supportkvd idm`dr to bks

goiidmfuds. Ms mh oi` tkad dguadhkgmi goiidmfud mh` m crkdh`, K ma dmfdriy iooekhf corwmr`

to gdidjrmtd tbd crukts oc Waktb‛s sdrvkgd kh tbd gburgb mh` bks tbdoiofkgmi idm`drsbkp kh

Aymhamr. K jdikdvd tbmt tbd gburgb mh` tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh wkii ciy to m hdw bdkfbt wktb

tbd opdhkhf oc tbd gouhtry mh` tbd kaadhsd damh` cor qumikty trmkhkhf tbmt coiiows. Vktb

Waktb‛s gohtkhuous sdrvkgd, tbd dguadhkgmi akhkstry bm` gdrtmkhfiy m iot to occdr to tbd

cuturd oc tbd youhf pdopid kh Aymhamr. Thcortuhmtdiy, your rdtkrdadht woui`h‛t souh` ms

idksurdiy ms you akfbt bmvd tboufbt, Waktb!




PBD AMH VBO @K@ HOP PDIIJTP WBOV AD VBO LDWTW VMW

Jkme Gbbuhfm

K jdfmh to ehow Wmym Waktb (ms aost pdopid mccdgtkohmtdiy gmiid` bka wbkid

K wms kh Juram) kh =;2; wbdh K mppikd` cor m VGG sgboimrsbkp to stu`y m Amstdr‛s

`dfrdd profrma kh Thktd` Wtmtds. Mt tbmt tkad, kt wms stkii vdry kcckguit to fdt out oc tbd

gouhtry. Wmym Waktb wms tbd goor`khmtor oc sgboimrsbkp profrma kh tbd occkgd oc Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mt tbmt tkad. Vbdh K wored` wktb bka cor ay sgboimrsbkp mppikgm-tkoh, K wms frdmtiy kaprdssd` jy bks buajidhdss, skhgdrkty, Dhfiksb goapdtdhgy, mh` mjovd

mii, bks mitruksa. K couh` tbmt bd bms ho rmgkmi ksgrkakhmtkoh mh` wmhtd` dvdryjo`y, wbo

wdrd mjid, to fo mjrom` mh` bmvd tbdkr curtbdr tbdoiofkgmi stu`kds cor cmguity dvdiopadht

kh Juram. Pbroufb bks kikfdht dccorts, K wms mjid to fdt khto m Amstdr‛s dfrdd profrma

mt tbd kttsjurfb Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry. Kt wms ho woh`dr tbmt uh`dr bks mitrukstkg idm`dr-

sbkp m iot oc cmguity stmcc mh` Gbrkstkmh idm`drs gmad out oc Juram to curtbdr tbdkr tbdoiofk-

gmi stu`kds kh otbdr gouhtrkds. K wms quktd kaprdssd` jy bks pdrsohmikty mh` smk` to aysdic,

’Pbks ks tbd amh wbo k` hot tdii jut sbow ad wbo Ldsus ks‑.

Pbks jdkhf ay vkdw oh Wmym Waktb, K wms so sorry wbdh K idmrhd` tbmt bd jdgmad

mh khhogdht vkgtka oc m iottdry sgma. K sdht bka soad khskfhkckgmht maouht oc aohdy to

sbow tbmt K wms stmh`khf jy bka kh bks or`dmi. K miso gmiid` soad oc ay crkdh`s, wboa bd

usd` to bdip to goad to tbd Wtmtds, to sdh` soad support aohdy to bka ms wdii. K stkii ma

mamzd` to idmrh tbmt wbdh K sdht bka mh` m rdimtkvd oc akhd kh [mhfoh m samii maouht oc

fkct aohdy kh tbd pmst two-tbrdd Gbrkstamsds, bd miwmys dqumiiy sbmrd` kt to ay rdimtkvd

tboufb K toi` bka to tmed aord. Po ad, Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf ks m rdmi sdrvmht oc

our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst.

K rdmiiy woui` iked to gohfrmtuimtd bka oh bks 34tb jkrtb`my mh` ma fim` cor fkvkhf

ad tbks opportuhkty to wrktd m gohfrmtuimtory hotd to bohor bks ikcd mh` akhkstry.




ZDSDZDH@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF VBOA K EHDV

G. Pbmhf \m Pumh

K aust gohcdss tbmt K mpprdgkmtd bka bkfbiy skhgd K ehdw bks hmad ms mh Dxdgutkvd

Goaakttdd adajdr oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, wktbout bks mwmrdhdss or ehowi-

d`fd. Ms wd mrd oc `kccdrdht procdsskohs, wd sdiòa spdht dvdh m skhfid bour skttkhf

tofdtbdr. Aostiy K ehow bka tbroufb otbdrs. Jut miso jy tbroufb mh kaprdsskoh K bmvd

mh` m ddp cddikhf oc mpprdgkmtkoh tbmt gmad khto ay bdmrt uhgohsgkousiy.

K k`h‛t rdadajdr tbd dxmgt mtd mh` ydmr tbmt K fot tbd hdws oc m \oak-Gbkh

mssuad` tbd utkds oc Wdgrdtmry Fdhdrmi kh Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh [mhfoh.

Woohdr, K ehdw tbmt wms Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf oc Gkkhfpkeot vkiimfd, Pd`ka

Powhsbkp kh Gbkh Wtmtd. Woad rdgoiidgtkohs gmad khto ay akh` khstmhtiy. Mii tbd Ior`‛s

adssdhfdrs K ehdw croa tbmt vkiimfd wdrd goaakttd` mh` dvotd` pmstors. Cor khstmhgd,

Zdv. Woh Ebmw Ebma, m sdhkor mstor wbo bmkid` croa tbmt vkiimfd wms vdry pkous. Bks

fuk`mhgd ksgoursd oh our wd``khf rdgdptkoh kh =;66 rdvdmid` tbmt bd wms m mstor cuii

oc dxpdrkdhgd mh` kfhkty. Ikedwksd, mii tbd sgbooi tdmgbdrs croa tbmt vkiimfd mrd miso

bmr`-worekhf mh` dxdapimry ohds. Kssukhf m iot oc hotmjid pdrsohs croa m vkiimfd amy jd

tmedh ms Fo`‛s wkii mh` to jd mggdptd` jy mii wktb mpprdgkmtkoh.

Vd khtkamtdiy mh` cohìy m``rdss Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf skapiy ms Wmym

Waktb kh bks Gbrkstkmh hmad jy jotb youhf mh` oi`. Bd mggdpts kt rdm`kiy. rojmjiy tbmt

sbows bks buajidhdss kh ohd wmy dvdh tboufb bd ks m amh oc bkfb kfhkty. Ohgd K gmiid`

upoh bka kh bks rdsk`dhgd gohgdrhkhf wktb m Thk-stu`dht‛s curtbdr stu`y. Khstmhtiy bd am`d

ad cddi mt boad jy sddkhf bks poiktdhdss mh` fdhtidhdss. K smw kh bks gouhtdhmhgd bks

skhgdrkty, purkty oc bdmrt mh` wkiikhfhdss to msskst mhyohd wktbout ksgrkakhmtkoh wbodvdr

goads to bka. Ho woh`dr tbmt bd rosd to mssuad sugb m bkfb posktkoh kh tbd Ior`‛s

sdrvkgd. K wms toi` jy amhy tbmt bd miso rdgdkvd` tbd rdspdgt mh` trust oc bks stmccs kh tbd

AGG Occkgd. Vd cddi prou` tbmt wd bmvd sugb m hkgd \oak pdrsoh kh tbd Ior`‛s bkfbdst

sdrvkgd< m buajid, dapmtbdtkg mh` m amfhmhkaous fdhtidamh.

M trustwortby pdrsoh ks tbd ohd wboa you gmh gohck`d mh` rdiy oh kh tkads oc

hdd`. Wmym Waktb ks to jd gouhtd` oh ms sugb ekh` cor bd gmrds mii tbosd wbo mppromgb

bka cor m`vogmgy or bdip. Bd ks cuii oc dapmtby mh` trdmtd` tbda to tbd jdst idvdi bd goui`




occdr. Bd hdvdr cmkis tbda or kfhords mhyohd. Bd ks m amh wbo cdmrs tbd Ior` mh` iovds

buamhkty.

Jy hmturd, Wmym Waktb ks m soctiy spoedh fdhtidamh. Bks gouhtdhmhgd ks miwmys

rm`kmtkhf. Bd ks makgmjid cor bd rdspdgts mh` goaauhkgmtds wktb otbdrs m`dqumtdiy. K

mssuad tbmt bd wkii hdvdr bmvd m bot mrfuadht wktb mhyohd kh bks mkiy dmikhfs. Wmadwksd, bks cmakiy ikcd wkii jd makmjid. Pboufb soct-spoedh bd possdssds m strohf gbmrmgtdr.

Ohgd bd bms tbd dvk`dhgd hdd`d` to amed m dgkskoh, bd mgts oh kt wktbout cdmr or oujt.

Kh sugb oggmskoh, bd hdvdr sddes tbd gouhsdi oc mhyohd, khgiu`khf bks jdttdr bmic. Bd ks

rdmiiy m amh.

Iked dvdrywbdrd disd, frdmt amh usumiiy cmgds dqumiiy frdmt mh` uhdxpdgtd`

tdaptmtkoh jdyoh` tbdkr dxpdgtmtkoh. Ohgd Wmym Waktb wms dvdr trkged` jy m froup oc

aohdy crmuùidht. Bd màkts bks akstmed mh` cmgds joiìy kh skhfid-bmh`d`. Bd mggdpts

tbmt ’Fo` ks cmktbcui, wbo wkii hot miiow you to jd tdaptd` jdyoh` wbmt you mrd mjid ...tbmt you amy jd mjid to dhùrd kt‑ (= Gor.=><=7). Kh sugb gmsd, Aymhamr pdopid usd` to

gktd ’ pkt mkhfbtmuhf‑(jkiikedh) tbmt Fo` wkii rmksd tbd bohdst mh` cmktbcui. Bd ks rdmiiy m

amh.

Mhotbdr frdmt ksmstdr gmad upoh bka. Vbdh bks jdiovd` mh` dvotd` wkcd idct

bka mh` tbd wboid cmakiy cor bdr bdmvdhiy boad, bd gohtmkhd` tbd aost bmr`sbkp wktb

gbddr mh` foo` gouhtdhmhgd. Pbks ks hot dmsy cor dvdry amh jut bd goui` dhùrd kt hkgdiy.

Pbmt ks bks dxdapimrkhdss wd goui` gopy croa bka wbdhdvdr wd cmgd sugb aost kcckguit

bmr`sbkps.Pbks augb ks wbmt K ehow Zdv. Waktb mh` ks hdktbdr goaprdbdhskvd hor goapidtd

oc bks trud hmturd mh` gbmrmgtdr. K rdfmr` mh` rdspdgt bka bkfbiy ms mh outstmh`khf \oak-

Gbkh pdrsohmikty maohf tbd cdw K ehow maohf tbd Ior`‛s sdrvmhts.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF = ;



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF: >

M ^DZWOH OC ^ZM[DZ MH@ WKIDHGD,

MH@ FZDMP MTPBOZKP[

Gbrkstdi

Woad pdrsohs oc Frmùmtd Wgbooi oc Jossdy croa tbd ydmr =;27-=;20 mrd stkii

vdry prdsdht to ad. Wo mrd you!

Wr. Bdk`k mh` aysdic bm` tbd oggmskoh to pmrtkgkpmtd mt mii dvdhts oc tbd Frmùmtd

Wgbooi mh` oh tbd otbdr bmh` to gohtrkjutd m ikttid jkt to tbd worsbkp mh` goaauhkty ikcd

wktb tbd stu`dhts. Ms you ehow pdrbmps, Wr. Bdk`k bm` kd` kh :>>: croa m vdry jm`

gmhgdr, supportd` wktb m frdmt gourmfd. Wbd bm` jddh kh bdr 3>tb ydmr.

K rdadajdr vdry wdii your prdsdhgd urkhf tbdsd aohtbs kh Jossdy, wbdrd pdopid

croa mii ovdr tbd wori` ikvd` tofdtbdr cor soad aohtbs. Pbdrd wdrd m iot oc gbmiidhfds to

ikvd tofdtbdr wktb pdopid goakhf croa so `kccdrdht guiturds, hmtkohs, gohcdsskohs,

fdhdrmtkohs. Kh ay adaory, you bmvd jddh m vdry pdmgdcui, khtdrkor prdsdhgd, m pdrsoh oc

prmydr mh` skidhgd, mh` frdmt mutborkty.

Vd k`h‛t ehow augb mjout your gouhtry Aymhamr (Juram) mt tbmt tkad. Jut

ùrkhf mii tbdsd ydmrs, mh` pmrtkguimriy wbdh wd rdgdkvd` hdws mjout your gouhtry, you

bmvd jddh prdsdht kh ay akh` mh` prmydr.

K gmhhot fkvd rdmiiy m tdstkaohy to your akhkstry mh` goaaktadht. Jut tbd rdqudst

oc tbd Jmptkst Gburgb, tbroufb Zdv. @r. Pbmhf Gkh Ikmh, bms tougbd` ad mh` ks mh oggmskoh

to sdh` you m ikttid skfh oc goaauhkoh!

K miso rdadajdr As. Skoidt wbo bm` pmrtkgkpmtd` kh tbd Frmùmtd Wgbooi mhotbdr

ydmr. Woadtkads imtdr oh, tbd froup oc tbd Frmùmtd Wgbooi gmad cor m vkskt to Frmh`gbmap.

Vbdh tbdrd wdrd pmrtkgkpmhts croa Juram K miwmys msed` tbda soad hdws croa Zdv.

Waktb mh` As. Skoidt!

Jy tbks idttdr, K woui` iked to mssurd you oc goaauhkoh oc prmydr tbmt stkii ks mikvd!

Fo`‛s jidsskhf to you, to your gburgb mh` your gouhtry!



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF : =

ZDS. WAKPB< M AMH OC DGTADHKGMI CZKDH@WBK^

Gorm Pmjkhf-Zdyds

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf. Kt wms kh ay wore ms Dxdgutkvd @krdgtor oc tbdGoaaksskoh oh Gbrkstkmh Dùgmtkoh oc tbd Hmtkohmi Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh tbd bkikp-

pkhds (HGG^), jdtwddh =;;: to =;;2, wbdh K ckrst adt bka tbroufb idttdrs mh` tbdh kh

pdrsoh. Bks idttdrs wdrd ekh`. Kh pdrsoh, bks sakid khvktd` crkdh`sbkp. Mh` miwmys tbd

addtkhfs wdrd rdimtd` wktb dvdiopadht oc youhf idm`drs tbroufb sgboimrsbkp cor stu`kds

sugb ms mt tbd Mskmh Wogkmi Khstktutd (MWK), dguadhkgmi dxposurd iked tbmt oc Hmw Jmy

Jmy‛s, sdakhmr or trmkhkhfs kh pmrthdrsbkp wktb GGM bostd` kh tbd bkikppkhds. Bd miwmys

am`d kt m pokht tbmt tbosd wbo wdrd prkvkidfd` to trmvdi to tbd bkikppkhds tbroufb bks

cmgkiktmtkoh gmad tbroufb tbd dguadhkgmi oors oc HGG^ mh` wdrd khtroùgd` to tbd

sktumtkoh kh tbd ^bkikppkhds, tbd wore oc HGG^ mh` adajdr gburgbds, mh` wdrd dh-

trustd` to tbd gmrd oc dguadhkgmi crkdh`s iked ad. Pbks ekh` oc gmpmgkty juki`khf maohf

youhf idm`drs dvdiopd` dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp jdgmusd tbdy k` hot ohiy idmrh croa us

jut K miso idmrhd` croa tbda. Mh` tbd idmrhkhf wms hot ohiy gofhktkvd kh tdras oc ehowkhf

cmgts mh` dsgrkptkohs. Kt wms miso mccdgtkvd kh tdras oc cddikhf wbmt kt admhs to rdimtd ms

skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs mak`st kccdrdhgds oc guiturd mh` trm`ktkoh-kh m frowkhf trust, mggdp-

tmhgd mh` rdspdgt. Curtbdraord, kt wms psygboaotor ms tbd dguadhkgmi wore jmge boad

wms dhrkgbd` kh prmgtkgd. Wurdiy amhy idmrhd` tbd vmiud oc dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp croa

Zdv. Waktb‛s crkdhìy wmys.

Wtmrtkhf =;;;, kt wms m prkvkidfd to wore mfmkh wktb Zdv. Waktb wbdh K aovd` to

tbd wk`dr dguadhkgmi akhkstry kh Mskm, sdrvkhf ms dxdgutkvd sdgrdtmry cor Voadh mh`

Dùgmtkoh, wbkgb imtdr jdgmad Dguadhkgmi Coramtkoh, Fdh`dr Lustkgd mh` [outb

Dapowdradht (DF[). Pwo proldgts oc Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm (GGM) tbroufb

wbkgb Zdv. Waktb mh` K wdrd mjid to proaotd idm`drsbkp `dvdiopadht kh Aymhamr wdrd

tbd Mskmh Dguadhkgmi Dùgmtkoh Dxgbmhfd (MDDD) ^rofrma mh` tbd Mskmh

Dguadhkgmi Goursd. Cor ydmrs wbkid GGM stkii bm` tbdsd proldgts mh` wbkid bd wms stkii

wktb AGG uhtki :>>4, Zdv. Waktb wms mjid to sdh` stu`dhts to tbd rdsjytdrkmh Pbdoiofkgmi

Wdakhmry kh Eordm mh` Mskmh Zurmi Khstktutd (MZK) kh Lmpmh wktb tbd bdip oc MDDD cor

trmvdi dxpdhsds. Mt tbd smad tkad tbdrd wdrd miwmys pmrtkgkpmhts dhòrsd` jy Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds cor tbd Mskm Dguadhkgmi Goursd. Zdv. Waktb wms miwmys promgtkvd



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF: :

mh proapt. Bks dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp soufbt posskjkiktkds mh opportuhktkds cor dvdiopkhf

tbd hdxt fdhdrmtkoh oc idm`drs wktb wk`dr Mskmh pdrspdgtkvd tbroufb dùgmtkoh. Zdv. Waktb,

iked mh mht, ehdw wbdrd tbdsd opportuhktkds wdrd mh` amxkakzd` tbd sbmrkhf maohf tbosd

wbo gmh provk`d idm`drsbkp to dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh Aymhamr mh` jdyoh`.

Cmgkiktmtkhf tbd sdh`khf oc pmrtkgkpmhts cor sdakhmrs mjrom` wms hdvdr dmsygohsk`drkhf tbd sktumtkoh oc Aymhamr. Pbdrd wms kcckguity kh goaauhkgmtkoh. Fdttkhf

pmssport wms hdvdr dmsy tbosd mys, dspdgkmiiy cor woadh. K rdadajdr ojsdrvkhf dmriy

kh ay tdra tbmt tbdrd wms ohd di`driy woamh wbo miwmys mttdh`d` pmst GGM sdakhmrs

mh` trmkhkhfs cor woadh mh` dùgmtkoh. K ekhìy gmiid` Zdv. Waktb‛s mttdhtkoh to tbd hdd`

cor youhfdr woadh kh cortbgoakhf dvdhts gohùgtd jy DF[. Vktb opdhhdss Zdv. Waktb‛s

rdspohsd wms posktkvd. Bks qukdt jut ddp goaaktadht to idm`drsbkp dvdiopadht mh`

pdrsdvdrmhgd dhmjid` aord mh` youhfdr woadh pmrtkgkpmhts to ovdrgoad kapd`kadhts

kh trmvdikhf mjrom . Bks dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp bms soufbt dqumi opportuhktkds cor gmpmjkikty juki`khf tbmt idm`s to trud sdhsd oc pmrthdrsbkp oc woadh mh` adh kh gburgb mh` sogkdty.

Pbmhe you, Zdv. Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf, cor your dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp! K wksb

you amhy jidsskhfs croa Fo`‛s frmgd.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF : 7

M VOZ@ KH BOHOZ OC ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

@mfamr Bdiidr

Kt aust bmvd jddh kh tbd ak` =;;>s wbdh K cor tbd ckrst tkad adt Zdv. Waktb Hfuib\m Pbmwhf ‗ projmjiy urkhf ay ckrst vkskt to Aymhamr kh =;;3. Wkhgd tbdh K adt bka

amhy tkads kh Fdhdvm/Wwktzdrimh , kh Bmhhovdr/Fdramhy mh kh [mhfoh. Vktb bks crkdh iy

mh` gmia gbmrmgtdr soadtkads bd mppdmrd` dvdh m jkt sby, jut wbdh K fot to ehow bka

aord giosdiy K uh`drstoo` bks ddp goaaktadht to bks gburgb mh` to tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht. Mh` K uh`drstoo` tbmt tbks wms tbd jdst wmy to jd oc msskstmhgd hot ohiy to bks

gburgb, jut kh m wk`dr sdhsd to Gbrkstkmhs mh` tbdkr sktumtkoh kh bks gouhtry.

Kh m``ktkoh to bks stu`kds kh Aymhamr Zdv. Waktb stu`kd` ‗ ms tbd ckrst stu`dht

croa Juram (ms kt wms stkii gmiid` mt tbmt tkad) - mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd oc tbd Vori`

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mt Jossdy (hdmr Fdhdvm/Wwktzdrimh`) kh =;27/20. Bd miso stu`kd`

kh Jogbua wktb rocdssor Eohrm` Zmksdr, wbo imtdr jdgmad Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd

Vori Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Bd frmùmtd kh Wgotimh wktb m Amstdr tbdsks oh ’Dguadhkgmi

^drspdgtkvds oh Pbdoiofkgmi @dvdiopadht kh Juram‑ mt tbd Thkvdrskty oc Fimsfow. @urkhf

tbdsd stu`kds bd am`d gohhdgtkohs wktb tbd fiojmi dguadhkgmi aovdadht wbkgb bd wms

mjid to dvdiop mh` to usd wbdh bd wms jmge kh Aymhamr.

Bd sdrvd` kh tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds croa =;6:-:>>4, jdkhf tbd

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry urkhf tbd imst ckvd ydmrs. Bd bm` uh`drstoo` mirdm`y ms m stu`dht kh

Aymhamr tbd kaportmhgd oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Kh tbd khtroùgtkoh to tbd pmpdr

wbkgb bd wrotd ms m stu`dht kh Jossdy bd corauimtd` wktb strohf wor`s bks gohvkgtkoh,

wbkgb bd ikvd` urkhf bks procdsskohmi ikcd mh` projmjiy jdyoh`< ’Cor ad tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht kh kts ddpdst sdhsd ks hot m amttdr oc Gbrkstkmh gohgdrh jut rmtbdr kt ks tbd jdkhf

mh` jdgoakhf oc tbd Gbrkstkmh cmktb ktsdic. Kt ks cor ad m amttdr oc ikcd mh` dmtb, m vogmtkoh

oc ikcd.‑ Mh` kt wms gidmr, imtdr oh, cor bka tbmt dguadhkgmi opdhhdss mh` khtdrhmtkohmi

gohtmgts ‗ rdimtkohs wktb tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mh` wktb otbdr gburgbds - wdrd

grugkmi cor Gbrkstkmhs ikvkhf kh m akhorkty sktumtkoh, ikvkhf kh mh khtdrhmtkohmiiy ksoimtd gouhtry,

mh` kh m kcckguit sktumtkoh rdfmr`khf dùgmtkoh mh` coramtkoh cor stu`dhts.

Pbus, K rdadajdr Zdv. Waktb goakhf prmgtkgmiiy dvdry ydmr to tbd bdm`qumrtdrs

oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh Fdhdvm. Jut bd gmad hot ohiy to Fdhdvm5 octdh

tbdsd trkps khgiu`d` miso otbdr gouhtrkds. Pbdsd wdrd trkps dmgb tkad cor tbd smed oc bks



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF: 0

gouhtry mh` tbd gburgbds kh Aymhamr. Bd usd` tbdsd trkps hot ohiy cor cuh`rmkskhf, jut

miso cor khtroùgkhf goiidmfuds to tbd khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Wo, bd am`d

surd tbmt tbd Aymhamr gburgbds wdrd rdprdsdhtd` kh tbd Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd oc VGG.

Mh` so, bd sdht dvdry ydmr ohd or two stu`dhts to tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd Jossdy cor m

goursd kh dguadhkgmi stu`kds mh` cor sbort tdra suaadr goursds.@urkhf tbks tkad K wms prkvkidfd to jd khvktd jy tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds

ms m spdmedr cor m gohcdrdhgd oh Dguadhkgmi Bdradhdutkgs kh =;;;, wbdrd K dxpdrkdhgd`

tbd woh`drcui bospktmikty oc Zdv. Waktb mh` bks stmcc. Kh turh, K bm` tbd posskjkikty to bost

bka cor mh dvdhkhf, wbdh bd vksktd` tbd bdm`qumrtdrs oc Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb kh Fdramhy

(DE@) kh Bmhhovdr soad ydmrs imtdr. Mh` rdgdhtiy K adt bka mfmkh kh [mhfoh mt m addtkhf

oc Jossdy miuahk.

K wksb tbmt tbdsd crkdh`sbkps amy gohtkhud, hot lust ms pdrsohmi rdimtkohs jut ms

rdimtkohs cor tbd jdst oc tbd gburgbds kh Aymhamr kh tbdkr struffid cor pdmgd mh` lustkgd khtbd gouhtry mh` kh tbdkr struffid cor Gbrkstkmh uhkty.




SMITDW OC IKCD< KH BOHOZ OC ZDS@ WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF

@dhhks W. Amuhf

Ms K wms khcorad` to wrktd mh mrtkgid kh bohor oc ay dmrdst adhtor Zdv. Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf, K kaad`kmtdiy rdadajdr soad sdidgtd` aormi mh` spkrktumi vmiuds bd bms

kapimhtd` kh ay ikcd. Dvdh tboufb tbdrd mrd amhy foo` tbkhfs to wrktd mjout bka ms K bmvd

dxpdrkdhgd` wbdh K wms kh Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty mh` worekhf wktb bka kh Thkvdrskty

Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp @dpmrtadht uh`dr tbd muspkgkous oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds, K woui` iked to prdsdht soad sdidgtd` vmiuds K bmvd fottdh croa bka.

Wkapikgkty< Zdv. Waktb ks ikvkhf m vdry skapid ikcd. Bks mttktu`d ks pdmgd iovkhf mh` hoh-

vkoidhgd. Bd ks m qukdt amh wktb kfhkty jdkhf mjid to gohtroi bks tohfud. K bmvd hdvdr

bdmr` bka sboutkhf to mhyjo`y tbroufbout ay mys wktb bka. Bd ks mjid to gohtroi bks

`dskrds too. Pbd wmy bd tmies, mgts mh` aovds mrd vdry skapid. Dvdh tbd wmy bd `rdssds

ks skapid. Hohd maohf us wbo bm` jddh mssogkmtd` wktb bka wkii hdvdr dhkd` tbks cmgt

tbmt Zdv. Waktb ks skapid. Bd ks tbd amh oc skapikgkty. Ms Ldsskd Wmapidr smk`, ’Wkapikgkty

ks tbd pdme oc gkvkikzmtkoh‑ m skapid amh ks m gkvkikzd` amh. K idmrht tbd vmiud oc skapikgkty

croa bka.

Bohdsty< Zdv. Waktb ks too bohdst to dvdrytbkhf bd k`. Bd ks so ekh` to dvdryjo`y. K

idmrht bohdsty mh` ekh`hdss croa bka jut uhcortuhmtdiy K goui` hot goad up to tbd idvdi oc

ay adhtor. K ma trykhf to jd bohdst jut kt ks vdry kcckguit to cuickii kt kh tbks my. Bohdsty ks

foo` mttktu`d jut too bohdst amy gmusd us uhhdgdssmry pmkh ms Vkiikma Wbmedspdmrd

goaadhtd`, ’dvdry amh bms bks cmuit, mh` bohdsty ks bks.‑ Ay adhtor bms jddh bohdst kh

dvdrytbkhf bd k`. Pbdrdcord ckhmiiy bd uhcortuhmtdiy jdgmad tbd khhogdht vkgtka oc tbd bk-

tdgb kh tbks gdhtury. Bowdvdr bohdsty sustmkhs bka to survkvd tbd jdst oc bks ikcd. Bks

bohdsty, mggdptmhgd mh` rdgofhktkoh kh tbd ak`sts oc grksds mrd tbd vmiuds K aust idmrh

croa bka.

Mggouhtmjkikty< Wo cmr ms K ehow bd ks mggouhtmjid mh` trmhspdrmht to bks supdrkors kh bks

wores mh` mgbkdvdadhts. K bmvd hdvdr bdmr` mjout bks mhoamikds mh` gbdmtkhf. Bd wms m

hmtkohmi idm`dr oc Juram Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht. Bd bms dxtrmor`khmry dxpdrkdhgds




oc khtdrhmtkohmi pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh mii sorts oc profrmas. Bd usd` to rdport jmge kh dtmki to

bks supdrkors mjout mii bks khtdrhmtkohmi mh` hmtkohmi pmrtkgkpmtkoh upoh bks rdturh to bks

occkgd. Pbks ks wbmt wd admh to smy mggouhtmjkikty mh` trmhspmrdhgy. Pbks ks wbmt wd mii

hdd` to idmrh croa bka. Pbks vmiud sddas to jd aksskhf kh tbd gburgb mh` kh tbd pujikg

sdgtor oh tbks my.

^rmydr< Dvdryohd wbo ehows bka wdii wkii hdvdr dhy tbmt Zdv. Waktb ks m prmydrcui

amh. K stkii rdadajdr bow bd prmyd` cor crkdh`s wbo wdrd kh troujid. Bd cmstd` mh`

prmyd` cor mys dspdgkmiiy cor crkdh` wbo wdrd kh prksoh to jd rdidmsd` croa joh`mfd

mh` gbmkh. Ckhmiiy our crkdh` wms rdidmsd` croa prksoh. rmydr ks ohd oc bks wdmpohs to

ckfbt tbd @dvki. K idmrht bow to prmy tbroufb bka.

Vorsbkp< Bd id` us to worsbkp tbd ikvkhf Fo` dvdry aorhkhf wbdh K wms kh Amh`mimyThkvdrskty. Vd usd` to gohùgt aorhkhf dvotkoh dvdry`my mt tbmt tkad. Pbdrd wms

uhkty kh worsbkp mh` prmydr. Mii adajdrs wdrd mgtkvdiy pmrtkgkpmtd` kh worsbkp.

Woadtkads tbd Jmw`kfoh Gbrkstkmh Gbmpdi wms cuiiy pmged` oh Wuh`my vdspdr sdrvkgd

so tbmt soad adajdrs wdrd stmh`khf outsk`d oc tbd Gbmpdi. Kt wms to tdstkcy oc bow

bks idm`drsbkp kh worsbkp wms so dccdgtkvd. Bd miso orfmhkzd` Dhfiksb worsbkp sdrvkgd cor

stu`dhts wbo wdrd wkiikhf to kaprovd Dhfiksb prockgkdhgy. Kt wms ohd oh Vd`hds`my

aorhkhf dvotkoh. Kt usumiiy wms so foo` mh` bdipcui cor stu`dht iked ad. Bd miso tmufbt

us fospdi sohfs khgiu`khf bks owh iyrkgs mh` tuhd. Bd usd` to goaposd fospdi sohfs too.

Gmrd mh` Gouhsdikhf< Bd miso am`d spdgkmi gmrd mh` dccort cor tbosd wbo wdrd kh

hdd`s. Bd miwmys dhgourmfd` us hot to fkvd up kh our dccorts mh` pursukts cor dùgmtkoh.

Bks gottmfd wms boad cor stu`dhts mwmy croa boad. Vd truiy dhloyd` bks ektgbdh. Vd

gooed` tofdtbdr mh` mtd tofdtbdr. Bd goui` gmrdcuiiy wmtgbd` us out so tbmt hohd oc us

jd idct out uhmttdh`d`. Bd spdmes ikttid jut mgts amhy. Idt ad smy tbmt bd ks m amh oc/kh

mgtkoh.

Dguadhkgmi spkrkt< Pbd ikcd mh` tbd sdrvkgd oc Zdv. Waktb ks cuii oc dguadhkgmi spkrkt.

@dhoakhmtkohmi jkms ks hot bks sgbdùid. Bd miwmys prkorktkzd gburgb uhkty, pdmgd, khtdfrkty

mh` lustkgd. Bks pdrspdgtkvd ovdr buamhkty ks truiy buamhd. Vbmt K hotkgd` kh bka wms tbmt

fdh`dr dqumikty bms mirdm`y jddh gohgdkvd` kh bks pbkiosopby mh` k`doiofy iohf jdcord

fdh`dr kssuds mh` cdakhksa bm` jddh khtroùgd` ms ohd oc tbd profrmas oc Gburgb

orfmhkzmtkohs. Pbd dapbmsks kh bks akhkstry bm` jddh dguadhksa. Bd ks mjid to fdt miohf

wktb dvdry buamh jdkhf rdfmrìdss oc rmgd, goior mh` gimss. Bks pmrtkguimr khvoivdadht kh

tbd akhkstry wms dguadhkgmi aovdadhts kh Juram, Mskm mh` tbd Vori` stmrtkhf croa

Juram WGA kh =;3>s. Pbks ks bks idfmgy tbmt dvdry akhkstdr kh Juram sboui` idmrh mh`

dapbmskzd kh our akhkstry.




Idm`drsbkp @dvdiopadht< Bd bms jddh miwmys akh`cui kh idm`drsbkp dvdiopadht oc

tbd Gburgbds kh Aymhamr. Pbdrdcord bd miwmys iooed` cor spohsors cor curtbdr stu`kds oc

Aymhamr Gburgb idm`drs. Bd sdht huajdr oc sgboimrs to kccdrdht gouhtrkds to jd trmkhd`.

Cortuhmtdiy aord or idss amhy oc Aymhamr iogmi Gburgb idm`drs mh` Gburgbds‛

orfmhkzmtkohmi idm`drs to`my mrd tbd rdgkpkdhts oc sgboimrsbkp tbroufb tbd rdgoaadh`mtkohoc Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf. K bohdstiy jdikdvd tbmt tbd rdgkpkdhts tbdasdivds amy

mgehowid`fd bka kh tbks rdfmr`. Mjovd mii, Fo` ehows dvdrytbkhf. Pbdrdcord, mii oc us,

wbo mrd cuiiy or pmrtkmiiy jdhdckgkmrkds oc Zdv. Waktb‛s dccorts sboui` mgehowid`fd tbd

skhgdrkty, tbd skapikgkty, tbd bohdsty mh` bks uhrdsdrvd` bdip to us uhtki tbd imst jrdmtb oc

our ikvds. Mii tbd idm`drs oc tbd Gburgb kh Aymhamr sboui` gmrry oh tbks ekh` oc purposdcui

opkhkoh mh` hojid mttktu`d.

Amy tbd foo` Ior` jidss Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf tbroufbout bks ikcd cor tbd

ikfbt mh` ikcd oc otbdr pdopid.




^MWWKOHMPD PBDOIOFKGMI D@TGMPOZ MH@ ^MWPOZ

@kdtrkgb Vdrhdr

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf cor ad ks tbd oi`dst mh` kh coradr ydmrs aost giosdcrkdh` croa Aymhamr K bm` adt kh dmrikdr stmfds oc ay ikcd. Vbmt ckrst jroufbt us tofdtbdr

wms tbd Frmùmtd sgbooi oc Dguadhkgmi Pbdoiofkgmi Wtu`kds kh tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd oc

Jossdy kh =;27/=;20. Kh tbmt wkhtdr bmic ydmr wd ikvd` tofdtbdr kh ^dtkt Jossdy, tbd

sdgoh` gmapus oc Jossdy Khstktutd, sbmrd tbd mkiy wmies croa dtkt Jossdy to tbd Gbm-

tdmu, tbd dmriy aorhkhf worsbkp kh tbd jdmutkcui gbmpdi, tbd cmsgkhmtkoh idgturd profrma

wktb proakhdht ckfurds oc fiojmi dguadhksa uh`dr tbd idm`drsbkp oc roc. M`rkmh Fddhsd

croa Boiimh` mt tbmt tkad, tbd khtdrguiturmi idmrhkhf progdssds maohfst tbd Jossdy stu-

`dhts, tbd hmtkohmi prdsdhtmtkohs (Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf k` mh uhcorfdttmjid ohd ohAymhamr) mh` guiturmi dvdhkhfs mh` tbd dxgurskohs to Frmh`gbmap mh` Zoad wbkgb

bmvd idct m imstkhf kaprdsskoh oh us ms youhf tbdoiofkmhs, maohfst tbda ohd oc bd imst

idgturds croa Skssdr ‛tBooct mh` idgturds croa Wmaudi Makrtbma mh` Bmhs Fod`dekhf mt

tbmt tkad.

Bks frdmt ehowid`fd oh Juradsd guiturd mh` trm`ktkoh, bks ddp goaaktadht to

Gbrkstkmh uhkty mh` tbd gmusd oc dguadhksa mh` bks bopds cor kaprovdadht cor tbd poiktk-

gmi sktumtkoh oc Aymhamr bm` miwmys kaprdssd` mh` khspkrd` ad. Goajkhd` wktb bks

`kstkhfuksbd` amhhdr, buajid mttktu`d mh` wmratb cor rdimtkohsbkps bd rdamkhd` tbd da-

jo`kadht oc guiturmi trm ktkohs mh` idm`drsbkp pmttdrhs oc sdrvmhtboo` cor amhy ydmrs cor

ad. Our lourhdys grossd` mfmkh urkhf soad pmrts oc ay worekhf pdrko` ms luhkor idg-

turdr mh` uhkvdrskty msskstmht mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd oc Jogbua uhkvdrskty wbkgb imstd`

croa =;2; to =;;7 Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf bm` jddh kh rdimtkoh to Odeuadhksgbds

Wtu`kdhwdre kh Jogbua wbkgb wms tbd amlor sgboimrsbkp orfmhkzmtkoh oc Fdramh prot-

dstmht gburgbds cor youhfdr idgturdrs kh kccdrdht ckdi`s croa gouhtrkds oc tbd Woutb. Pbd

bousd wd ikvd` kh urkhf tbdsd cour ydmrs wms hot too cmr croa Fkroh`diid 62 wbdrd tbd

wboid goaauhkty oc khtdrhmtkohmi stu`dhts rdimtd` to OWV usd` to stmy. Addtkhf wktb tbd

khtdrhmtkohmi stu`dhts wms pmrt oc ay ikcd jotb kh tbd Dguadhkgmi khstktutd oc tbd uhkvdrskty

ms wdii ms kh tbd iogmi gburgb oc Pboamsekrgbdhfdadkh`d wbkgb wms opposktd to tbd

OWV Juki`khf. Mitboufb tbd stu`y profrma oc Waktb mctdr tbd Fdramh imhfumfd goursd

tbdh jroufbt bka to otbdr pimgds wd amkhtmkhd` gohtmgt tbroufb m huajdr oc ydmrs mh` K



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF : ;

rdadajdr oggmskohs wbdh wd wdrd tofdtbdr mt sdakhmrs oggmskohs or K bm` to khtdrprdt

m prdsdhtmtkoh oh Aymhamr cor bka to m Fdramh mu`kdhgd.

K rdmikzd tbmt tbroufbout amhy oc tbd sujsdqudht ydmrs wbdh Waktb jdgmad

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds K miwmys wms prou` to bmvd

rdimtd` to bka kh so dmriy ydmrs mh` ehdw bks qumiktkds ms m idm`dr mh` dvout Gbrks-tkmh wktb foo` vkskohs mh` bopds cor m jrkfbtdr cuturd oc lokht wkthdss oc Gbrkstkmh

gburgbds kh Aymhamr. Vd bmvd adt mfmkh kh [mhfoh urkhf ohd oc ay vkskts to Mskm

kh dmriy :>== ohgd K jdgmad khtdrhmtkohmi rofrmaad Goor`khmtor oc DPD cor VGG

kh Fdhdvm. Mh` kt wms aovkhf cor ad to sdd bow tbroufbout mii tbd `kcckguit dxpdrk-

dhgds bd bm` to fo tbroufb mh` gopd wktb bow kt ks stkii wktb tbd smad ddp Gbrkstkmh

goaaktadht mh bopd tbmt bd bms stkii gohtkhud` to fkvd bks wkthdss kh hdw wmys mh`

ms m pmsskohmtd tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtor mh` pmstor oc bks gburgb.

Kt ks hot wktbout ddpdr admhkhf tbmt ohd oc tbd imst oggmskohs wbdrd wd goui` wore tofdtbdr kh tdras oc rdsdmrgb mh` pujiksbkhf bms jroufbt us jmge mfmkh to tbd edy

gohgdrhs wbkgb bmvd jroufbt us tofdtbdr mirdm`y kh tbd vdry dmriy stmfds< Waktb Hfuib \m

Pbmwhf kh :>=: gohtrkjutd` ohd tbd edy mrtkgids to tbd gohtrkjutkoh croa VGG-DPD cor

tbd cortbgoakhf =>tb mssdajiy oc VGG kh Jusmh, Woutb Eordm wbkgb wkii gohskst m bufd

’Mskmh Bmh`jooe oh Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh mh` Dguadhksa‑ (2>> pmfds, to jd puj-

iksbd` kh sprkhf :>=7). Bks mrtkgid rdvkdws tbd lourhdy oc Dguadhksa kh tbd gburgbds oc

Aymhamr mh` kt ks skfhkckgmht mh` admhkhfcui tbmt tbdrd wms hojo`y ms qumikckd` ms bka to

bmvd provk`d` tbd propdr bkstorkgmi mh` tbdoiofkgmi ehowid`fd cor tbks mrtkgid wbkgbtofdtbdr wktb soad otbdr ;> pmpdrs wkii bopdcuiiy khspkrd amhy cuturd fdhdrmtkohs oc

youhfdr Mskmh tbdoiofkmhs mh` pmstors to idmrh croa wbmt dmrikdr fdhdrmtkohs bmvd jukit

up mh` prdpmrd` kh or`dr to jd ojd`kdht to tbd proaksd mh` prmydr wbkgb Ldsus bms

tmufbt us< ’ tbmt tbdy mii amy jd ohd, so tbmt tbd wori` amy jdikdvd‑ (Lobh =6<:=).



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7 >

GBZKWPKMH KIFZKAMFD

@o Wkmh Pbmhf

UKh bohor oc Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf, m sdidgtkoh croa tbd Jkjid mh`

tbd Boiy Imh` Goursd, :>>> Amy 7-7>, gohùgtd` ùrkhf Waktb‛s MFW-sdrvkgd

mt tbd AGG.Q

Ldrusmida< Bkstorkgmiiy, Ldrusmida wms tbus sktumtd` jdgmusd oc wmtdr, cor pdopid

fmtbdrd` mrouh` wmtdr. [ds, tbd amkh kssud tbdrd ks wbo gohtroi wmtdr. UKh Amrgb

=;36, Wyrkmhs juiiòzdr amrgbd` to kvdrt tbd Ksrmdik sprkhf, sourgd oc Fmikidd. Zdmgtkoh

ks tbd Ksrmdik troop ckrd` tbda. Dfypt jioged` tbd Fuic, Wudz. Pbd kssuds ks wbo gohtroi

wmtdr!Q Mh` Ldrusmida ks m story oc tbrdd cmktbs< Lu`mksa, Ksima mh` Gbrkstkmhkty. Dhtdrkhf

croa tbd Dmst, tbd gkty ks syajoikzd` jy tbrdd towdrs< Bdjrdw Thkvdrskty, Mufustm

Skgtorkm Bospktmi mh` Gburgb oc Msgdhskoh5 dmgb admhkhf, idmrhkhf, bdmikhf mh` worsbkpkhf. Wkfbt khto tbd dmst ks Lor`mh vmiidy, Lu`dmh dsdrt wbdrd Ldsus‛ tdaptmtkoh

tooe pimgd. Bdhgd, rdcidgtd` ks tbd dsdrt spkrktumikty tbmt rdcdrs to ikcd oc aohes, wbkgb

hdvdr admhs ikcd oc dsgmpd5 rmtbdr dsdrt ks m pimgd wbdrd Fo` gmh jd dhgouhtdrd`.

Jdtbidbda<Guiturmiiy, prkorkty oc kaportmhgd ks hotd`< tbd jkrtb/Gbrkstams cor tbd Vdst5

rdsurrdgtkoh/Dmstdr cor tbd Dmst. Dvdh tbdrd ks m pdhùiua swkhf wktb rdfmr` to tbd

jkrtbpimgd. Mggor khf to Iued, croa Hortb to Woutb, wbdrdms cor Amttbdw, croa Woutb

to Hortb. Pbd coradr amy dapbmskzd Jdtbidbda ms tbd tbdoiofkgmi syajoi oc Ekhf@mvk`5 tbd imttdr tdh`s mrgbmdoiofkgmi. Hdvdrtbdidss wbmt amttdr ks tbd cmgt tbmt Ldsus wms

jorh! Vd mrd toi` tbmt tbdrd mrd tbrdd Gbrkstams gdidjrmtkohs< Zoamh Gmtboikg, :4

@dgdajdr5 Ortboòx, 3 Lmhumry5 Mradhkmhs, =2 Lmhumry. Dhtdrkhf khto tbd Gburgb oc

Hmtkvkty, khtdrdstkhfiy rdamremjid sktd ks tbmt oc kgohs, admhkhf hot kòis, rmtbdr wkhòws

to Fo`‛s prdsdhgd, mggor`khf to Ortboòx spkrktumikty.

Vki`drhdss< Ikcd kh `dsdrt amy bmvd tbrdd cdmturds5 vkz., mhxkdty/mwmedhdss<

vuihdrmjkikty/mwmrdhdss5 uhgdrtmkhty/mwd. Dvdh KJA UKhtdrhmtkohmi Juskhdss AmgbkhdQ

kiiustrmtkoh ks usd`<

K 1 Kh sbm‛ miimb kc Fo` wkiis kt

J 1 Juqrm soad otbdr tkad

A 1 amidsb kt ods hot amttdr



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7 =

Pbks ks to smy tbmt tbd KJA adtmpbor jdgmad totmiiy kccdrdht croa tbd Vdstdrh

sdhsd to`my. Vdii, dsdrt ikcd rdcdrs to jotb khspkrkhf mh` tdrrkcykhf. Pbd dsdrt wksòa ks

tbmt wbkgb ks m pokht oc dhgouhtdr jdtwddh two opposktds. WkhmkUskh, smk<hQ gohtmkhs jotb

struffid mh` stkiihdss5 ks gbmrmgtdrkzd` jy two pkiimrs, giou`/wmtdr urkhf my tkad mh` ckrd

ùrkhf hkfbt tkad. Kh Wkhmk/Wkh, ckrd mh` wmtdr fo tofdtbdr. Pbmt ks< hoam`kg ikcd, ikcd oc gmapkhf, ks jotb dhfmfd` mh` ksdhfmfd`5 bms jotb opportuhkty mh` rdspohskjkikty.

At. Wkhmk syajoikzds ’to sdd Fo`‛s fiory.‑ Pbd aouhtmkh ks tbd couh`mtkohmi pokht wbdrd

govdhmht wms am`d. Dmgb oc us bms our owh aouhtmkh, to sdd mt idmst Fo`‛s jmge, kc hot

Fo`‛s cmgd. Pbd aouhtmkh syajoi pokhts to Fo`‛s prdsdhgd kh tdras oc Fo`‛s rdvdimtkoh

kh Fo`‛s grdmtkoh5 Fdh. =. Bdhgd, dsgbmtoiofkgmi aouhtmkhs5 tbmt ks our dxpdrkdhgd oc tbd

prdsdhgd oc Fo` ks jotb ehowh mh` uhehowh5 ks majkvmidht.

Vmtdr croa tbd Zoge ms to trm`ktkohmi uh`drstmh`khf ks m akrmgid5 rmtbdr, tbd admhkhfhdd`s cogus, k.d., Fo` ks provk`khf. Miso amhhm mh` qumki mrd augb sddh kh gdrtmkh mrdms

tbdrd to`my.

Zd` Wdm UBdihmh Ckvd Wtmr Khtdrhmtkohmi BotdiQ Kh gdidjrmtkoh oc tbd Dugbmrkst,

prdsdhtd` ks Aksbhmb, smykhf< =st msskfhd` idm`dr stdppd` khto wmtdr5 cddt, ehdds, wmkst,

hdge ddp5 hotbkhf bmppdhd`. Mt bks cmgd ddp, wmtdr kvk`d`! Bdrd ks cmktb!

Fmikidd/Fmikidmh< Cdmturd ks jotb cdrtkid mh` voigmhkg. Kh`dd` tbd Fmikidmhs bmvdvoigmhkg mh` dhdrfdtkg mttktu`d, bohor ks bkfbiy rdfmr`d` tbmh aohdy wbkid tbd Lu`dmhs

prdcdr aohdy to bohor. Jmge kh tbd tkad oc Woioaoh, bd bm` m foo` rdimtkoh wktb Bkrma,

mh` dvdh :> gktkds oc Fmikidd wdrd fkvdh to Bkrma. Pbd Ldws wdrd goiohkzkhf tbd Fmikidmhs

Uwbdrd ks tbd vokgd oc tbd vokgdidss?Q Bdhgd, m tdhskoh jdtwddh Lu`dmh mh` Fmikidmh! Pbd

cmgt ks tbmt Ldsus wms m Fmikidmh. Bks k`dhtkty ks tbmt oc Fmikidmh soki, wmtdr mh` mkr.

Zdfmr`khf tbd hmturd oc cmktb mh` govdhmht, tbd Fmikidmhs mrd Aosmkg, wbdrdms tbd

Lu`dmhs, @mvk`kg. Pbd imttdr ks `yhmstkg mh` powdr-gdhtdrd`5 tbd coradr ks aord

gohgdrhd` wktb ojd`kdhgd mh` lustkgd.

Wyhmfofud< ks m pimgd wbdrd tbd khtdrhmikzkhf mh` pdrsohmikzkhf oc tbd wor` oc Fo` tooe

pimgd. Kh`dd` Lu`mksa ks m Wyhmfofud-gdhtdrd` goaauhkty. Pbd Wyhmfofud ks iogmtd` mt

tbd bkfbtdst pokht kh tbd vkiimfd tbmt tbd poor gmh dmskiy jd sddh UAksbhmbQ. Ldsus dckhktdiy

gbosd tbd Wyhmfofud goaauhkty wbkgb ks hot hdgdssmrkiy m juki`khf jut tbmt oc rdimtkohs

mh` profrmas.

Mhgkdht Jomt< Kh =;23 Lmhumry, mrgbmdoiofksts, sgkdhtksts mh` voiuhtddrs wored`

tofdtbdr my mh` hkfbt5 mctdr tdh mys tbd mhgkdht jomt stoo`5 grmhd ikctd` to sbord khAmrgb =;23. 34 tohs oc gbdakgmis wdrd usd` cor gohsdrvmtkoh oc tbd woo` to `ry.

Didvdh typds oc woo` wdrd usd`. Mctdr tdh ydmrs oc gohsdrvmtkoh, tbd jomt wms rdm`y to

frddt kts hdxt akiidhhkua! Wkfhkckgmht ks tbd bdmìkhd< croa cksbkhf jomt to wmrsbkp!



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7 :

Gohtdxtumi Hotds< Gmhoh Hmka Mtdde, Couh`dr oc WMJDI Uto addt tbd fospdi wktb

^midstkhkmhQ, mutbor oc Lustkgd ohiy Lustkgd U=;2;Q< ^midstkhkmh ho iohfdr admhs

tdrrorksa. Our vokgd ks jdkhf bdmr`. Dvdh sdguimr Ldwksb sgboimrs skidhtiy support us. Ohd

Ehdssdt adajdr smk`< wby hot sbmrd tbd imh` wktb midstkhkmh? Hmka gohtkhuds< tbd Ldws

usd tbd Jkjid to ekge out midstkhkmh, wbdrdms tbd Jkjid ks cor usd to khgiu`d midstkhkmh!Wupposd` tbmt tbd Ksrmdi amy uh`drstmh` bdr owh bkstory5 jut sbd ods hot. rmksd Fo`

tbmt sdguimr Ldwksb bkstorkmhs o! Bopd ks edpt towmr`s hdw idm`drsbkp kh midstkhd.

@mhkdi Zosskhf, m Ldwksb sgboimr, rmws tbd jdtwddh‛s< ohd oc tbd cour, jdtwddh

bdmvdh mh` dmrtb. Ldrusmida tbd boiy gkty ks tbd giosdst pimgd oh dmrtb to bdmvdh mh` to

bdii UbkhhoaQ ms wdii. Zosskhf smk` \kohkst mh` Ehdssdt amed tbdasdivds dgkskoh

amedrs, wbdrdms Fo` ks tbd ohd to dgk`d. Zosskhf rdcdrrd` to Bkiidi, K ma supposd` to

tmed gmrd oc aysdic… sboui` hot jd pmrmiyzd` jy tbd jdtwddhs or tbd gohtrmsts. Cor ay

survkvmi, Boiogmust hdvdr bmppdhs mfmkh!Pbd Zt. Zdv. Zkmb Mju Di-Msmi, Mhfikgmh Jksbop kh Ldrusmida, spoed oh

Gbrkstkmh-Ausika Zdimtkohs, smykhf, Mrmj Gbrkstkmhs mrd ^rd-Ausika Mrmjs UMgts

:.==ccQ Mgtumiiy Aobmaad` wms khciudhgd` jy Mrmj Gbrkstkmhs< bd wms amrrkd` kh m

Gbrkstkmh Gburgb. Kh m sdhsd Ksima jroufbt hotbkhf hdw to our Gbrkstkmh cmktb. Pbd

wdstdrh khvmskoh idct tbd Dmst UMrmjsQ cddi dxpioktd`. Sdry rdgdhtiy, Amrgb :>>>,

ôpd Lobh ^mui KK gmad, msekhf cor corfkvdhdss. Worry, kt wms mirdm`y imtd. Kh sua<

wd bmvd ho otbdr bkstory tbmh ^midstkhkmh Mrmj bkstory. Cor =0>> ydmrs, Gbrkstkmh-

Aosida rdimtkoh ks gor`kmi.Ikh`m Frm`stdkh, mh Ortboòx Ldwksb cdakhkst, stmtd` Ldwksb cdakhksa ks hot

tbdoiofkgmi jut idfmi5 tbd uh`driykhf cmgtor ks sbdekhhmb, jrk`d UBosdmQ. Mggor`khfiy

cdakhksa ks m wmy to soivd projidas iked `kvorgkhf mh` jkh`khf. M iot oc gbmhfds

tooe pimgd< rdm`khf oc Pormb kh syhmfofud wktb adh sk`d jy sk`d, mppdmrkhf oc

woadh mt tbd Zmjjkhkgmi gourt.

Boiogmust Adaorkmi< [m` Ubmh`Q Smsbda UadaoryQ

Vd stoo` jdsk`d m gmroj trdd wbkgb ks adtmpborkg< rd`daptkvd kh tdras oc coo` suppiy

mh` lustkgd5 aovd` to tbd opdh pimtcora< Pbd Fbdtto Tprkskhf tbd Imst Amrgb. Pwoopposktd mrtkcmgts mrd cmgkhf us< oh tbd rkfbt, tbd bdipidss, tbd vkgtkas ohto tbdkr wmy to

`dmtb5 oh tbd idct, jrmvd youhf ohds, mhfdikg wktb bopd mh` bohor. Vrkttdh kh jdtwddh ks<

Kh tby jioo`, tbou sbmii ikvd!

Kh adaory oc tbd skx akiikoh Ldws wbo pdrksbd` kh tbd Boiogmust,

@ohmtd` jy Idoh mh` Mhh Loisoh, survkvors oc tbd Vmrsmw Fbdtto

Pbd bdmìkhd< Croa Boiogmust to Zdjkrtb goads miohf wktb cour idvdis, kh wrktkhfs mh`

mrtkcmgts<

Pbd @dstrugtkohZdskstmhgd

Kaakfrmtkoh to Ksrmdi

Zdjkrtb



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7 7

Zom` to Daamus<

Vd rdm` tbd fospdi ms our story Utdxt kh gohtdxtQ. Bkstory jdgoads aystdry< Bks

story jdgoads ay story. Daamus, D-aotsm kh Mrmjkg admhs ’to fo out.‑ Pbd sgdhd

ks gidmr oh tbd rdmikty tbmt Ldsus wms hot kgtmtkhf tbda5 rmtbdr bd idt tbda bmvd tbdkr

owh story. Mh` wd mrd supposd` to sdd oursdivds ms tbd mhohyaous `ksgkpid. Pbdmrdm tbdrd, Jdhd`kgtkhd Aohmstdry oc tbd Zdsurrdgtkoh, ks tbmt oc ^midstkhkmh

goaauhkty mh` ks mfrkguiturmi!

U@PW/Wt. Fdorfd‛s Goiidfd/Ldrusmida/7= Amy :>>>Q



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7 0

WDZSTW WDZSOZMA @DK

(Pbd Wdrvmht oc Fo`'s Wdrvmhts)

@o Wumh Auhf

Kt wms kh tbd ak` =;3>s tbmt K ckrst gmad to ehow, mijdkt sgmhtiy mh` vmfudiy, oc

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf (croa how oh K wkii usd bks hkgehmad, Wkm Pbmwhf) wbdh

bd wms m stu`dht mt Pd`ka Wtmtd Bkfb Wgbooi. Wo cmr ms K gmh rdgmii, bd wms mgtkvdiy

khvoivd` kh tbd Pd`ka Jmptkst Gburgb.

Kh tbd suaadr oc =;6>, m froup oc tdmgbdrs mh stu`dhts croa Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty

Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp (TGC), id` jy Wmym Amuhf Amuhf @kh am`d m fospdi trkp to Pd`ka.

Mh` Wkm Pbmwhf wms m proakhdht adajdr oc tbd froup wbkgb pdrcorad` m cmsgkhmtkhf

`rmam mh` prdsdhtd` sdvdrmi huajdrs. Ohd oc tbd sohfs, ’Vbdh Pbd Wmkhts Fo AmrgbkhfKh‑ dspdgkmiiy dhtbrmiid` ad. Pbd sohf bm` jddh m`mptd` to Juradsd, wktb soad oc tbdkr

owh kaprovksd` iyrkgs. Pbd pmrtkguimr iyrkgs tbdy gbosd dapbmskzd` tbd kaportmhgd oc

uhkty mh` ohdhdss maohf tbd kccdrdht dtbkg froups ms wd ikvd kh mh` sdrvd tbd Ior` Ldsus

Gbrkst. Pbdy wdht oh croa Pd`ka to Fmwskhf vkiimfd cor m idm`drsbkp trmkhkhf. Woadbow,

K bmvd miwmys bm` m vdry coh` adaory oc tbdkr trkp.

K jdfmh mttdh`khf Amh`mimy Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty kh =;6:, m ydmr mctdr Wkm

Pbmwhf wms mppokhtd mstor oc Amh`mimy TGC. @urkhf ay ydmrs mt Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty,

K bm` tbd prkvkidfd oc jdkhf ksgkpid` jy Wkm Pbmwhf tbroufb ojsdrvkhf bks ikcd mh` miso

idmrhkhf croa bka ms K wdht tbroufb amhy ikcd dxpdrkdhgds. Bmvkhf hot jddh m sdrkous

stu`dht, K jdikdvd K spdht aord oc ay tkad mt tbd TGC gdhtdr tbmh kh gimssrooa. Vbmt

`rdw ad tbdrd wms tbd fdhukhd wmratb oc Wkm Pbmwhf‛s wdigoad mh bks jdhkfh dadmhor.

Frmùmiiy, TGC gdhtdr wms jdgoakhf ay boad mwmy croa boad.

Ohd dxmapid oc tbd gmrd Wkm Pbmwhf sbowd` ad wms wbdh K su``dhiy fot skge

wktb m bkfb cdvdr ohd my wbkid vksktkhf tbd TGC gdhtdr urkhf ohd oc ay dmriy mys mt tbd

Thkvdrskty. Wkm Pbmwhf fmvd ad ohd tdtrmgygikhd gmpsuid mh` m samii jowi oc gbkgedh

soup. Mctdr tbks, bd smw ad to jd` wbdrdupoh K khstmhtiy cdii msiddp. Vbdh K woed up

mjout mh bour or so imtdr, K wms mamzd` to sdd ay cdvdr totmiiy sujsk`d` mh` K cdit

goapidtdiy ckhd. Bmvkhf jddh m crmki pdrsoh mii tbroufb ay ikcd, K bmvd sddh mii ekh`s oc

ògtors mh` spdgkmiksts, jut K bmvd hdvdr ohgd rdgdkvd` m trdmtadht ms dccdgtkvd ms tbd ohd

Wkm Pbmwhf fmvd ad oh tbmt my.




Jdkhf m gmrkhf mh` iovkhf mstor, Wkm Pbmwhf woui` crdqudhtiy amed bospktmi

gmiis mh` boad vksktmtkohs. Mh` bd octdh tooe us miohf wktb bka wbkgb wd gohsk`drd`

wms m trdadhòus prkvkidfd. K hdvdr corfdt ohd bospktmi gmii wd am`d kh ay dmriy mys mt

tbd Thkvdrskty. Vbdh wd dhtdrd` m gdrtmkh wmr`, Wkm Pbmwhf uhdxpdgtdìy msed` ad to

idm` kh prmydr cor tbd pmtkdhts. Hdvdr bmvkhf bm` mh dxpdrkdhgd oc prmykhf kh Juradsd jdcord, K stuajid , auajikhf mh` rdpdmtkhf tbd smad pbrmsd ovdr mh` ovdr uhtki K am d

mh mjrupt stop wktbout m corami gohgiuskoh. Th`drstmh`mjiy, m jiusb oc dajmrrmssadht

grdpt up ay cmgd. Oh tbmt my, K idmrhd` mh kaportmht idssoh- K sboui` miwmys jd prdpmrd`

mh` rdm`y cor mhy uhdxpdgtd` damh`. K miso rdmikzd` tbmt K hdd`d` to idmrh to prmy kh

Juradsd ms soadohd wbo wmhtd` to jd khvoivd` kh tbd mgtkvktkds oc tbd TGC.

Pbdrd wdrd oc goursd amhy aord pidmsmht mh uhcorfdttmjid dxpdrkdhgds. Mttdh khf

dvdhkhf dvotkohs wms miwmys m loy mh` m jidsskhf. Amhy m tkads, wd woui` stmy imtd mt

hkfbt mt tbd gdhtdr bmvkhf m woh`drcui tkad oc cdiiowsbkp skhfkhf oi` sohfs mh` gbmttkhf.Wkm Pbmwhf woui` tbdh sikp out uhhotkgd` mh` rdturh wktb soad shmges. Kh rdtrospdgt, K

jdikdvd wd akfbt bmvd jddh octdhtkads mhhoykhf mh` dvdh ksruptkvd ms wd woui` fo kh

mh` out oc tbd gdhtdr mt wkii. Bowdvdr, Wkm Pbmwhf hdvdr sbowd` dvdh m bkht oc ksiked or

huksmhgd.

Kh tbosd mys, wd woui` miwmys iooe corwmr` to mttdh`khf hdw bousd d`kgmtkohs,

tbmhesfkvkhf sdrvkgds mh` bousd addtkhfs. Pbdsd wdrd spdgkmi tkads wbdrd wd dhloyd`

hot ohiy cdiiowsbkppkhf wktb iogmi Gbrkstkmh crkdh`s jut miso tbd dikgkous rdcrdsbadhts

usumiiy occdrd` jy tbd bosts. Ohd pimgd wd octdh woui` fo to wms tbd tbdh Amlor EbmkAuh Amhf‛s pimgd mt tbd coot oc tbd cmad` Amh`mimy Bkii. Mitboufb bks pimgd wms m iohf

`kstmhgd croa tbd TGC gdhtdr, wd k` hot bmvd kcckguity fokhf tbdrd jdgmusd bd woui`

miwmys provk`d tbd trmhsportmtkoh. Wkm Pbmwhf wms iovd` mh` bkfbiy dstddad` jy Amlor

Ebmk Auh Amhf.

K wkii hdvdr corfdt ohd fospdi trkp wd am`d to ykhamhm wktb Wkm Pbmwhf ms our

idm`dr. Vbdh wd fot to ykhamhm, wd ckrst worsbkppd` mt m iogmi Jmptkst Gburgb mh` bm`

cdiiowsbkp wktb tbd jdikdvdrs tbdrd. Mctdrwmr`s, wd k` m jkt oc skfbtsddkhf mh` vksktd`

[dzkh Mfrkguiturmi Thkvdrskty mh tbdh tbd hdmrjy [dzkh @ma. Vbkid mt tbd [dzkh Thkvdrskty,

wd fot to cdiiowsbkppkhf wktb [dzkh TGC stu`dhts skhfkhf sohfs mh` pimykhf fmads. K

òh‛t dvdh rdadajdr tbd ekh` oc fmad wd pimyd`, jut K stkii rdadajdr tbmt wd pimyd` tbd

fmad kh froups mh` K bmppdhd` to jd kh tbd smad froup wktb Wkm Ebmwa mu, m iohf tkad

crkdh croa ay boad towh mh Bmhhmb Pbyhh, mhotbdr dmr crkdh croa [dzkh Mfrkguiturmi

Thkvdrskty wbo, kh tbd prkad oc bdr ikcd, wdht boad to jd wktb tbd Ior` kh =;;;. Cor soad

strmhfd rdmsoh, wd dxgdiid` kh tbd fmad mh` wdrd msed` to skhf m sohf to wbkgb wd

rdm`kiy goapikd` mh` smhf m sbort gborus "K‛vd Fot dmgd Iked M Zkvdr". Oh tbmt trkp to

^ykhamhm, cor ohd rdmsoh or mhotbdr, K wms kh ho aoo` cor m bmsty rdturh to Amh`mimy.

Pbdrd wms mhotbdr adaormjid khgk`dht wbkgb khvoivd` Wkm Pbmwhf, Bmhhmb, ad

mh` m cdw otbdr crkdh`s. Bmhhmb mh` bdr crkdh`s wdrd vksktkhf Amh`mimy croa ykhamhm.

Vbdh tbdy wdrd to rdturh to ykhamhm, K, miohf wktb two otbdr pmis, pimhhd` to jk`

cmrdwdii to our dmr crkdh`s mt tbd trmkh stmtkoh. Ms pimhhd`, wd fot up vdry dmriy, put oh




our jdst mttkrd to kaprdss tbd fkris mh` rusbd` occ to tbd trmkh stmtkoh. Ms m amttdr oc cmgt,

K fot rdssd` up kh m pmkr oc jorrowd` pmhts skhgd K k` hot bmvd mh mpproprkmtd ohd.

Vbdh wd fot to tbd trmkh stmtkoh, io mh` jdboi`, tbdrd wms Wkm Pbmwhf stmh`khf jy mh`

prmykhf cor tbd fkris. Vd jm iy wmhtd` to smy mt idmst m cdw wor s to our crkdh`s jut lust

`k`h‛t ehow bow to progdd`. Wo, khstdm`, wd lust wmvd` tbda croa mcmr mh` rdturhd` totbd bostdi, cddikhf dapty. Pbosd wdrd foo` oi` mys mh` lust rdakhksgkhf oc tbda ameds

ad cddi hostmifkg.

K jdikdvd kt wms kh =;63. Vd, tbd Amh`mimy TGC gohùgtd m ohd-hkfbt dvmhfdikstkg

addtkhf wktb prdmgbkhf mh` skhfkhf. Wkm Pbmwhf bmh`-pkged` tbd spdmedrs cor tbd hkfbt

mh` K cdit bohord` to jd ohd oc tbda. K prdmgbd` m skapid fospdi adssmfd. K jdikdvd tbd

Ior` fmvd ad powdr mh` crddòa kh dikvdry tbmt hkfbt tbmt tbd dxpdrkdhgd sujsdqudhtiy

joistdrd ay prkor d`kgmtkoh to jd kh tbd cuii-tkad akhkstry. Pbd skhfdrs tbmt hkfbt khgiu d`

cmaous mrtksts iked Wmkhf Btdd Wmkhf mh` Wmimk Wuh Gdu. Kt wms m loyous oggmskoh mh` mspkrktumiiy cruktcui hkfbt.

K rdgdkvd` ay khktkmi kvkhd gmii to tbd akhkstry kh =;64. Miohf wktb m goupid oc

crkdh`s wd am`d m fospdi trkp to m huajdr oc vkiimfds mh` towhs kh tbd Pd`ka mh` Pohzmhf

mrdms. Oh tbd hkfbt wd fot to Pohzmhf K prdmgbd` m adssmfd dhtktid`, ’Pbd Imw mh`

Wmivmtkoh‑. Zkfbt kh tbd ak`ìd oc ay prdmgbkhf, tbd Ior` spoed to ad tbroufb m stkii samii

vokgd gmiikhf ad to jd kh Bks akhkstry. Pbd vokgd wms khmu`kjid jut iou`dr mh` gidmrdr kh

ay khhdraost tbmh ay pbyskgmi dmrs goui bdmr. Wo K am`d m prkvmtd mh pdrsohmi d kgmtkoh

oc ay ikcd cor tbd Ior`‛s sdrvkgd tbdrd mh` tbdh. Imtdr oh, m goupid oc dxpdrkdhgds coiiowd` wbkgb rdkhcorgd` ay gmiikhf ms bms jddh adhtkohd` ohd pmrtkguimr khstmhgd mjovd.

Kh ay sdhkor ydmrs mt AMWT, K ohgd mfmkh cdii skge cor mh dxtdh`d` pdrko`. Ohd

`my Wkm Pbmwhf gmad ovdr mh` prmyd` cor ay bdmikhf ms wdii ms cor ay cuturd akhkstry. Kh

bks prmydr bd usd` pbrmsd iked, ’[our sdrvmht, your mhokhtd` ohd, dtg.‑ wbkgb, to ad, wms

propbdtkg cor wbmt tbd cuturd woui` boi cor ad. Zkfbt mctdr tbd sgbooi wms ovdr, uh`dr

tbd idm`drsbkp oc Wkm Pbmwhf, wd wdht owh to Zmhfooh to mttdh` m sdakhmr mt Lu`soh

Gbmpdi. Pbdrd wdrd sdvdrmi idgturds mt tbd sdakhmr, jut K gmh rdgmii ohiy Wmym T Pkh

Amuhf Puh wbo gmad miohf wktb Eo Pbdt, m fkctd` Gbrkstkmh skhfdr wbo imtdr jdgmad ay

mgqumkhtmhgd. Pbdrd wms m gmhìdikfbt sdrvkgd mh` d`kgmtkoh oh tbd imst hkfb wbdrdkh K

am`d m pujikg d`kgmtkoh oc ay gmii to tbd akhkstry.

Dvdr skhgd K frmùmtd` croa AMWT soad 74 ydmrs mfo, Wkm Pbmwhf mh` K rmrdiy

am`d gohtmgts wktb dmgb otbdr purdiy ud to our owh pmtbs oc ikcd. K ma tbmhecui tbmt

provk dhtkmi gkrguastmhgds bmvd how jroufbt us jmge tofdtbdr ohgd mfmkh. K ma procouh iy

frmtdcui to Wkm Pbmwhf cor wbo bd ks mh` wbmt bd bms admht to ad. Bdrd mrd m cdw

ojsdrvmtkohs oh Wkm Pbmwhf‛s ikcd am`d tbroufb ay mssogkmtkoh wktb bka tbdh mh` how.

Ckrst mh` cordaost, bd ikvds m boiy mh` aormi ikcd. Bd ods hot saoed hor rkhe

hor dvdr khùifd kh mhy otbdr woriìy prmgtkgds. Vbdh bd wms mstor oc Amh`mimy TGC,

bd wms stkii skhfid. Dvdh tbdh bd wms dxtrdadiy gmrdcui kh bks rdimtkohsbkps wktb tbd opposktd

sdx to tbd dxtdht tbmt hojo`y dvdr dtdgtd` bks khtdrdst kh bks cuturd wkcd, skstdr Zdjdggm




Btu Hmh wbo wms m stu`dht mh` m vdry mgtkvd adajdr oc tbd TGC. Wkm Pbmwhf ks hot

skhidss, jut ks jimadidss aormiiy.

Wdgohìy, bd ks utkcui mh` cmktbcui to bks gmii mh` dxgdptkohmiiy dcckgkdht kh tbd

dxdgutkoh oc bks utkds. Bd ks rdikmjid mh` trustwortby.

Pbkrìy, bd ks spkrktumiiy pdrgdptkvd. K ehow tbks croa ay pdrsohmi dxpdrkdhgd. Bks pdrgdptkoh rdfmr khf ay cuturd ikcd mh` akhkstry mii gmad trud. @urkhf ay luhkor ydmr, kh

tbd goursd oc ohd gohvdrsmtkoh, bd prd`kgtd` tbmt m hmtkohwk`d spkrktumi mwmedhkhf wms

goakhf. Po`my wd wkthdss tbd cuickiiadht oc tbmt prd`kgtkoh.

Courtbiy, Wkm Pbmwhf ks jrom`-akh`d` mh` hohlu`fadhtmi. Kh ay imttdr ydmrs mt

AMWT, soad oc ay crkdh`s mh` K swktgbd` croa mttdh`khf Ediiy Jmptkst Gburgb to mh

Mssdajiy oc Fo` gburgb owkhf to soad cmgtors. Vd ehdw kh our bdmrts tbmt Wkm Pbmwhf

woui` hot jd kh cmvor oc tbks aovd. Jut oh bks pmrt, Wkm Pbmwhf hdvdr sbowd` skfhs oc

rdsdhtadht or dvdh ksmpprovmi.Ckhmiiy, Wkm Pbmwhf ks m amh oc trud buakikty. Bd ks ohd oc tbd aost buajid adh

K‛vd dvdr adt kh ay dhtkrd ikcd. Bd ikvds m vdry skapid ikcd mh` hdvdr grmvds to ikvd kh iuxury.

Bd hdvdr iooes cor posktkohs, powdr or prdstkfd. K woui` iked to goapmrd bks ikcd wktb tbmt

oc Wt. Crmhgks oc Mssksk(M@ ==2=-=::3). Bks ks m gohtdhtd` ikcd.

Wkm Pbmwhf ks ohd oc m vdry cdw pdopid wbo bmvd fkvdh ad khspkrmtkoh mh`

mspkrmtkoh to ay ikcd mh` akhkstry. Kh bks owh kstkhgtkvd qukdt wmy mh` styid, bd bms dxdrtd`

m frdmt khciudhgd oh ay ikcd cor wbkgb K wkii cordvdr jd frmtdcui.

WDZSTW WDZSOZMA @DK (Pbd Wdrvmht oc Fo`‛s Wdrvmhts) wms tbd tktidôpd Frdfory tbd Frdmt msgrkjd` to bkasdic wbkgb K jdikdvd mptiy dpkgts Wkm Pbmwhf.

Bd truiy ks WDZSTW WDZSOZMA @DK.




JZKDC ZDCIDGPKOH OH ZDS@ WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF

@uiddp `d Gbkgedrm

Kt ks m frdmt pidmsurd cor ad to sdh` tbks jrkdc rdcidgtkoh oh Zdv. Waktb H. \m

Pbmwhf ms bd gdidjrmtds skxty ckvd ydmrs oc tbd fkct oc ikcd fkvdh to bka jy tbd frmgd oc

Fo`. K gohfrmtuimtd ay dmr crkdh` oh bks skxty ckctb jkrtb`my mh` wksb bka Fo`‛s goa-

pmhkohsbkp mh` pdmgd mii tbd mys oc bks ikcd.

K ma miso frmtdcui tbmt m froup oc crkdh`s mh` goiidmfuds bmvd goad corwmr` togoaadaormtd tbks kaportmht akidstohd kh bks ikcd kh sugb m ckttkhf wmy.

Ay mssogkmtkoh wktb Zdv. Waktb fods jmge amhy ydmrs mh` ks gohhdgtd` wktb our

pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Kh m``ktkoh, our two gouhtrkds, Aymhamr mh`

Wrk Imhem bm` so augb kh goaaoh tbmt our crkdh`sbkp wms curtbdr strdhftbdhd` wktb tbd

goaaoh gbmiidhfds wd cmgd` kh tbd wkthdss oc our rdspdgtkvd Gburgbds. Vd wdrd jotb

adajdrs oc samii, ao`dst Gburgbds kh prdòakhmhtiy Ju``bkst gouhtrkds jotb oc wbkgb

bm` jddh gmufbt up kh vkoidht, protrmgtd`, hmtkohmi gohcikgts.

Croa tbd jdfkhhkhf Zdv. Waktb kaprdssd` ad ms m fdhtid, fkctd` mh` goaakttd` pdrsoh wktb qukdt mh` wksd wmys. Ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd AGG bd miwmys kspimyd`

m pmsskoh cor tbd goiidgtkvd wkthdss oc tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst mh` wored` bmr` to dqukp mh`

boi` tbd Gburgbds tofdtbdr kh tbd muhtkhf gkrguastmhgd tbmt tbd Aymhamr wms fokhf

tbroufb. Oh sdvdrmi oggmskohs bks sdhsktkvd mh` khtdfrmtd` qumiktkds bdipd` bka to stddr

mh` fuk`d dguadhkgmi fmtbdrkhfs towmr`s tbd goaaoh fomi oc m sbmrd` ojd`kdhgd to tbd

Ohd Gbrkst.

K wms dxtrdadiy bmppy to jd mjid to addt Zdv. Waktb mh` rdhdw our crkdh`sbkp

ùrkhf ay aost rdgdht vkskt to Aymhamr kh Mufust tbks ydmr. Oh tbmt oggmskoh bd khtdrprdtd ay sdraoh mt tbd Lu`soh Jmptkst Gburgb, [mhfoh mctdr wbkgb wd dhloyd` m `dikgkous

admi mt tbd khvktmtkoh oc tbd vdry wksd, frmgkous mh` augb rdspdgtd` Zdv` Mrtbur Eo

Imy, tbd Gbkdc mstor oc tbd Gburgb.

Pbks oggmskoh ckiid` ay akh` ms m vkskoh oc dguadhksa ms K smt to fmtbdr ay

tboufbts cor tbks rdcidgtkoh. Cor Dguadhksa kh kts skapidst mh` imstkhf cora ks tbd crkdh`sbkp

wd dvdiop mh` sustmkh kh Gbrkst mh` wktb ohd mhotbdr tbroufb our goaaoh wore, worsbkp

mh` tbd sbmrkhf oc coo` mt tbd tmjid. Our gohck`dhgd tbmt Zdv. Waktb wkii gohtkhud to

lourhdy ms m go-pkifrka towmr`s tbks vkskoh tbroufb tbd gbmhfds mh` gbmhgds ks m frdmtdhgourmfdadht to mii oc us.

Amy bd mh` bks dmr gbki`rdh jd ckiid` wktb iovkhf ekh`hdss mh` cuickiiadht kh

Gbrkst miwmys.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7 ;

COH@ ADAOZKDW OC FOO@HKFBP WAKPB

Db Vmb

K oh‛t rdadajdr dxmgtiy wbdh bd ckrst dhroiid` ms m stu`dht kh tbd Jmgbdior oc Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh (J.Z. D) profrma. Pbosd wdrd tbd dmriy mys wbdh tbd Juram @k-

vkhkty Wgbooi (Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy) occdrd` tbd profrma cor imyadh mh` imy-

woadh wbo wdrd goiidfd frmùmtds mh` wmhtd` to sdrvd Ldsus Gbrkst kh tbdkr owh pro-

cdsskoh or wore wbdrdvdr tbdy wdrd. Pbd gimssds wdrd tmufbt kh tbd dvdhkhf oc wdde

`mys.

Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf gmad kh wktb m froup oc uhkvdrskty stu`dht woredrs

(TGC) wbo wdrd pro`kfkds oc tbd imtd Pbmrm Vkiikma Imy. Pbmt froup gohskstd` oc ohiy

youhf adh tbmt khgiu`d` Fk`doh Wbwd mh` tbd imtd Bdh`drsoh Jm Vkh. Kt wms hot uhtki

=;30 tbmt K wms msskfhd` to tdmgb tbd JZD stu`dhts, mh` tbd TGWC froup tbmt K

sujsdqudhtiy tmufbt wms uhcorfdttmjid. Pbdy wdrd tbdh skhfid youhf adh, mh` dxgdpt cor

Waktb wdrd so-so stu`dht. Pbdrd wms ohd dvdhkhf wbdh bd wrotd m hotd msekhf cor idmvd

oc mjsdhgd mh` skfhkhf kt ’Foo`hkfbt, Waktb.‑ Croa tbdh oh to ad bd bms miwmys jddh

Foo`hkfbt Waktb. Dvdh wbdh bd wms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds bd wms Foo`hkfbt Waktb kh prkvmtd aoadhts. Bks akhkstry wktb tbd uhkvdrskty

stu`dhts bm` prdpmrd` bka cor frdmtdr sdrvkgd. Vbdh bd wms didgtd` Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry

oc tbd AGG bd mssuad` bks occkgd wktb qukdt kfhkty mh` dcckgkdhgy. K hdvdr smw bka cimp

or rmksd bks vokgd mitboufb tbd wore iom` wms bdmvy. Pbd adajdr gburgbds oc AGG

trustd` bks idm`drsbkp, mh` so k` amhy pdopid wbo msed` cor mkrcmrds to dhmjid tbda to

fo mjrom` cor curtbdr stu`y.

Bd wms buajid mh` gohtdhtd` to sdrvd tbd Ior` kh bks owh gouhtry. Ms cmr ms K

ehow bd hdvdr dxprdssd` m dskrd to fo mjrom` to curtbdr bks dùgmtkoh, mitboufb bd

goui` bmvd grdmtd` opportuhktkds to o so. Vktbout oujt bd wms khtdrdstd` kh upfrm`khf

bks corami dùgmtkoh. Kh tbd pdrko` jdtwddh =;3: mh` =;62 wbdh our gburgb idm`drs

bm ho opportuhkty to fo mjrom cor curtbdr stu`y, tbd Mssogkmtkoh cor Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh

kh Woutb Dmst Mskm (MPDWDM) bm` am`d kt posskjid cor our idm`drs to pursud tbdkr Amstdr‛s

`dfrdds wktbkh tbd gouhtry. Amhy stmrtd` tbd profrma jut ohiy m cdw wdrd suggdsscui.

Foo`hkfbt Waktb wms suggdsscui kh dmrhkhf A.Pb kh Pbdoiofy. Jmsd` oh tbmt suggdss bd

prkvmtdiy gohtkhud` to upfrm`d bks dùgmtkoh mh` aust bmvd rdm` amhy jooes.




Kt wms kh =;;6, kc ay adaory sdrvds ad gorrdgtiy, tbmt m froup oc us trmvdid`

croa Aymhamr to Woutb Eordm cor tbd Gohfrdss oc Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs (GMPW) bdi` kh

tbd gkty oc Wuwoh. Our froup goaprksd` oc Zdv. @r. Wkaoh mu Ebmh Dh, Zdv. Amuhf

@od, Zdv. Zutb @mhkdi, Zdv. @dhftbumam, Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf, mh` aysdic.

Zdv. Waktb k` m frdmt loj oc prdsdhtkhf m pmpdr mt tbd Gohfrdss. Vd bm` m foo` tkadwktb pmrtkgkpmhts croa otbdr Mskmh gouhtrkds. Jut wbmt wms aost uhcorfdttmjid wms tbd

dxpdrkdhgd wd bm` oh rdmgbkhf Khgbdoh (Wdoui) mkrport. Our ikttid froup wms dtmkhd` jy

kaakfrmtkoh occkgdrs wbo ojvkousiy suspdgtd` us oc iooekhf cor lojs kh tbdkr gouhtry. Vd

wdrd dtmkhd` cor skx bours jdgmusd tbd kaakfrmtkoh occkgdrs goui` hot gohtmgt our Eordmh

spohsor wbo bm` fohd to gburgb skhgd kt wms Wuh`my. Vd succdrd` tbd kh`kfhkty wktb

buaor. Pbd occkgdrs wdht tbroufb our suktgmsds mh` jdgmad aost suspkgkous wbdh tbdy

`ksgovdrd` tbd hdw, uhamred` Jkjid kh Zdv. Amuhf @od‛s jmf. Mgtumiiy tbd poor amh

bm` tmedh out m hdw gopy oc tbd Jkjid croa tbd Ikjrmry oc tbd Boiy Gross Goiidfdtbkhekhf tbmt bks owh wms too worh mh` wdii-usd`. Jdkhf croa Juram wd wdrd hot

gdrtmkhiy fkvdh m wmra wdigoad jy tbd Kaakfrmtkoh @dpmrtadht oc tbd Woutb Eordmh

Fovdrhadht! Kt wms hot cuhhy, jut our Juradsd buaor fot us tbroufb.

Zdv. Waktb, iked aost oc us, bms bm` bks sbmrd oc sorrow mh` ksmppokhtadht.

Hdktbdr bms bd prdtdh`d` to jd hot mccdgtd` jy tbd owhs kh bks ikcd. Bd wms gmh`k , jut

ojvkousiy burt wbdh bd toi` ad mjout bks mufbtdr mh` bdr gbki`. Pbdh wbdh bd wdht

tbroufb tbd ckhmhgkmi ckmsgo mt tbd AGG kt aust bmvd jroedh bka mh` bks cmakiy. K wms lust

m jystmh`dr tbdh, jut tbdrd wms ddp pmkh kh bks dyds dmgb tkad tbmt K smw bka. Oh tbdsurcmgd bd mppdmrd` gmia mh` goiidgtd`, jut K ma gdrtmkh bd wms kh mfohy. Bd wms mjid

to put oh m gmia, jrmvd croht jdgmusd oc bks trust kh tbd foo`hdss mh` tbd adrgy oc Fo`.

K wms hot prdsdht kh tbd gouhtry wbdh bks jdiovd` wkcd wms tmedh mwmy croa bka.

Pbks sdvdrdiy sbogekhf jiow aust surdiy bmvd dpidtd` bka, jut bmvkhf fohd tbroufb

trkmis mh` tdaptmtkohs mt kccdrdht pokhts kh bks ikcd K ma surd tbd foo` Ior` bms gohtkhud`

to goacort mh` sustmkh bka. Kt ks ay jdikdc tbmt bd trusts kh tbd Ior` ms bks Zoge mh`

Zd`ddadr mh` bms hdvdr idt fo oc Bka.

Ms wd frow oi`dr wd mii gohsk`dr tbd ydmrs mbdm` oc us. Vbmt wkii tbdy jrkhf?

@o wd bmvd tbd strdhftb mh` gourmfd to dhùrd aord pmkh mh` projidas? Ms Gbrkstkmh

akhkstdrs wd bmvd tbd mssurmhgd oc ehowkhf tbmt Fo` boi`s tbd toaorrows kh Bks bmh`s,

mh` tbmt wd hdd` hot jd fropkhf kh tbd mre. Vd bmvd dxpdrkdhgd` Fo`‛s foo`hdss mh`

jidsskhfs, mh` tbdrdcord gmh iooe wktb bopd towmr` tbd cuturd.

Amy Fo` jidss Foo`hkfbt Waktb oh rdmgbkhf bks 34tb akidstohd, mh` amy Fo`

rkgbiy jidss mii adajdrs oc bks cmakiy (hotd< K ma wrktkhf tbks mrtkgid tbousmh`s oc akids

mwmy mh` o hot bmvd mggdss to tbd dxmgt tkad wbdh Foo`hkfbt Waktb wms m stu`dht mt

AKP oc wbdh bd k` bks AKP).

UD`ktors‛ Hotd< Zdv. Waktb Wtu`kd` JZD kh =;3;-=;6=(JKP), mh` bd ckhksbd` m goursd

kh Gbrkstkmh Dtbkgs wktb WDMFWP kh =;62, jut bd fot bks APb dfrdd croa Fimsfow

Thkvdrskty kh =;23Q.




MH O^DH IDPPDZ PO PBD ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Dikzmjdtb W. Pmpkm

K ma wrktkhf tbks hotd croa tbd gkty oc Hdw [ore, cmr mwmy croa ay boadimh`, tbd

^bkikppkhds. Vbkid burrkgmhd Wmh`y ks wrdmekhf bmvog kh tbd mrdm, K lust wmht to sdh` tbks

hotd to jrkhf you frddtkhfs oc Gbrkst‛s pdmgd mh` jdst wksbds oh your rdmgbkhf skxty-ckvd

ydmrs oc cruktcui ydmrs. Jdimtd` Bmppy Jkrtb my! K smy Amjubmy (Ckikpkho frddtkhf wbkgb

admhs amy you bmvd iohf, mjuh`mht ikcd)! K tbmhe Fo` cor your jidssd` ikcd, goaaktadht

to Gbrkst mh` mjuh`mht akhkstry, mh` aost oc mii cor your auitkpid iovds< iovd oc your

gouhtry, cmakiy, gburgb mh` tbd dguadhkgmi goaauhkty.

Vbdh K rdcidgt oh tbd oggmskohs K adt you ms m pmstor, tbdoiofkmh mh mh dguadhkgmi

idm`dr, tbd wor`s oc Wt. mui goad to akh`< ’Idt iovd jd fdhukhd, bmtd wbmt ks dvki, boi`

cmst to wbmt ks foo`, iovd ohd mhotbdr wktb autumi mccdgtkoh5 outò ohd mhotbdr kh sbowkhf

bohor. @o hot imf kh spkrkt, sdrvd tbd Ior`. Zdlokgd kh bopd, jd pmtkdht kh succdrkhf, pdrsdvdrd

kh prmydr‑ Zoamhs =:<;-=:. K jdikdvd tbmt kh your iohf mh` d`kgmtd` sdrvkgd, you gdrtmkhiy

jdmr tbdsd amres oc m trud Gbrkstkmh ms wrkttdh jy Wt. mui.

Vd mrd jotb adajdrs oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Mssogkmtkoh oc Pbkr` Vori` Pbdoiofkmhs

(DMPVOP), mh` you frmgd` our Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy addtkhf kh :>>= kh ]ukto, Dgumòr

wktb fdhtid strdhftb, wksòa tbmt goads croa your Aymhamr/Juram gohtdxt, mh jrotbdriy

iovd. Vd wdrd bmppy tbmt kh spktd oc tbd frdmt kstmhgd mh` trmvdi rdstrkgtkohs (lust mctdr ;/

==), you wdrd pmtkdht mh` pdrsdvdrd` kh prmydr.

Vd ckrst adt mt tbd =;;6 couh`khf Mssdajiy oc tbd Gohfrdss oc Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs

(you croa Aymhamr, ad croa tbd bkikppkhds). K‛a fim` our pmtbs adt mfmkh kh :>>0

wbdh you mh` your jdiovd` imtd wkcd, Zdjdggm Btu Hmh, vksktd` Jossdy Dguadhkgmi

Khstktutd (Wwktzdrimh`) mh` our cmguity rdsk`dhgd oh gmapus. Mimh, ay spousd, mh` K wdrd

bmppy to bost you jrkdciy, mh` wd wdrd jidssd` jy your vkskt, your storkds oc akhkstry ms

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. K ehdw tbdh tbmt you k` hot ohiy

stu`y dguadhkgs mt Jossdy mh` Fimsfow, you ikvd`, tmufbt mh` wored` dguadhkgmiiy

wbdrdvdr gohtdxts you ckh` yoursdic pimgd`.

Vbdh K wms K tdmgbkhf mt Thkoh Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry (^bkikppkhds) K adt mh`

tmufbt sdvdrmi stu`dhts croa Aymhamr. @r. @dhhks Wbu Amuhf, wboa you ehow, wms




tdmgbkhf tbdrd miso, mh` tbd sdakhmry wms jidssd` wktb tbd prdsdhgd oc tbks samii jut

`d`kgmtd` froup oc Gbrkstkmhs (Jmptksts) croa your gouhtry. Vd mrd jidssd` jy your

spkrktumikty. Vbdh you khcorad` ad oc your wkcd‛s pmsskhf, you wrotd tbmt sbd dpmrtd`

wktb tbd Ior` vdry qukgeiy mh` pdmgdcuiiy. ’Pbks dmrtbiy ikcd, you damkid` ad, ks lust m

pkifrkamfd‑.Cmktb, gourmfd, frmgd, fdhtid strdhftb, prmydrcui pdrsdvdrmhgd, sdrvmht mh`

propbdtkg idm`drsbkp ms wdii ms dguadhkgmi prmxks< tbdsd mrd soad rdmsohs K gdidjrmtd

your ikcd mh` akhkstry, mh` tbd dqumiiy cmktbcui goaauhkty you bmvd kh your boadimh`.

^rmksd jd to Fo`! Jd wdii mh` tbmhe you, Jrotbdr Waktb, cor your crkdh`sbkp. Amy you

bmvd amhy aord ydmrs oc amjubmy pkifrkamfd!







A[ FOO@ VKWBDW PO

PBD ZDSDZDH@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Ckhimy M L Amgòhmi`

K ma vdry pidmsd` to dxprdss ay foo` wksbds to tbd Zdvdrdh` Waktb Hfuib \m

Pbmwhf oh tbd oggmskoh oc bks 34tb jkrtb`my. K bmvd bm` tbd pidmsurd oc addtkhf Waktb

mh` bks wkcd, Zdjdemb, oh two oggmskohs.

Pbd ckrst wms kh Ogtojdr :>>: wbdh K vksktd` Aymhamr ms Ao`drmtor oc tbdFdhdrmi Mssdajiy oc tbd Gburgb oc Wgotimh`. Ay wkcd mh` K sbmii hdvdr corfdt tbd pdrsohmi

ekh`hdss bd mh` Zdjdemb dxtdh`d` to us urkhf tbmt vkskt, wbkgb miso khgiu`d` Lkii Bufbds,

our Mskm Wdgrdtmry mt tbd tkad. K bm` miwmys wmhtd` to trmvdi to Aymhamr ms ay cmtbdr

wms ohd oc tbmt fdhdrmtkoh wbkgb smw akiktmry sdrvkgd kh Juram urkhf tbd Wdgoh` Vori`

Vmr. Pdh ydmrs oh ay wkcd mh K stkii rdadajdr amhy bkfbikfbts oc tbmt vkskt mh pmrtkguimriy

tbd tkad wd spdht wktb stu`dhts kh tbd vmrkous sdakhmrkds. Pbd coiiowkhf ydmr (:>>0) wd

wdrd frmtdcui cor tbd opportuhkty to rdpmy soad oc tbmt fdhdrous Juradsd bospktmikty

wbdh Waktb mh` Zdjdemb gmad to Wgotimh` to mttdh` our Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy kh D`khjurfb.Waktb‛s m``rdss to our Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy wms wdii rdgdkvd` mh` am`d m ddp kaprdsskoh

oh mii tbosd prdsdht.

K fimìy mgehowid`fd tbd kstkhfuksbd` sdrvkgd Waktb bms fkvdh to tbd Gbrkstkmh

Fospdi wktbkh Aymhamr, pmrtkguimriy tbroufb bks roid ms Wdgrdtmry cor tbkrtddh ydmrs

oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Bd bms miso pimyd` m vmiumjid roid khtdrhmtkohmiiy

tbroufb tbd wori` wk`d dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Bks stdm`y wkthdss, mh` tbd wkthdss

oc mii Juradsd Gbrkstkmhs, uh`dr vdry kcckguit gkrguastmhgds ovdr so amhy ydmrs, ks

soadtbkhf croa wbkgb mii gburgbds gmh idmrh.@urkhf ay vkskt to Aymhamr kh Ogtojdr :>>: K bm` tbd prkvkidfd oc addtkhf Muhf

Wmh Wuu Eyk prkvmtdiy mt tbd Zdsk`dhgd oc tbd Jrktksb Majmssmòr. K wms miso prdsdht kh

Luhd :>>4 wbdh, to amre bdr 3>tb jkrtb`my, tbd Gkty oc D`khjurfb frmhtd` bdr tbd crddòa

oc tbd gkty mh` m amfhoikm trdd wms pimhtd` kh bdr bohour kh tbd gkty‛s cmaous rkhgds

Wtrddt Fmr`dhs. Wugb fdsturds syajoiksd gohtkhukhf mh` vmiud` tkds jdtwddh our two

gouhtrkds.

K sdhsd tbmt tbkhfs mrd jdfkhhkhf to gbmhfd kh Aymhamr mh` prmy tbmt tbd crddkhf

oc Muhf Wmh Wuu Eyk croa bousd mrrdst amy jd tbd bmrjkhfdr oc jdttdr mys to goad cor mii tbd pdopid oc your jdmutkcui gouhtry.

Aost fimìy K smiutd tbd Zdvdrdh` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf‛s cmktbcui Gbrkstkmh

sdrvkgd.




CDWPWGBZKCP WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Fdrbmr` Eójdrikh

Pbdrd wms m tkad wbdh kt wms kaposskjid cor stu`dhts croa Juram to addt crddiy

wktb otbdr stu`dhts mjrom`. Kt wms kh =;6; wbdh K tbdh bm` tbd prkvkidfd to addt tbd ckrst

Juradsd tbdoiofkgmi stu`dht tbroufb Vori` Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh kh Fdhdvm. Vd

Duropdmhs rdikd` bdmvkiy oh tbosd rmrd dguadhkgmi dhgouhtdrs, mh` wdrd frmtdcui cor

frowkhf crkdh`sbkp wktb Juram.

Woad tdh ydmrs imtdr tbd urfdht mppdmi croa HGG Juram rdmgbd` us kh Vdst

Fdramhy. Vbmt goui` our gburgbds o kh tbd tkad oc tbd rdvoit oh tbd Juradsd strddts kh

=;22? Ckrst oc mii, wd hdd`d` crkdh`s to tmie wktb, kh or`dr to dvdiop goaaoh prmydr

mh` mgtkoh. Kt wms Zdv Waktb wbo bdipd` us kh Vdst Fdramhy. Vd rdikd` oh uh`drstmh`khf

dmgb otbdr, mitboufb our gohtdxt `kccdrd` so augb. Vd goui` wrktd our tdidxds oh tbd

spot, Waktb goui` hot. Jut wd couh` wmys to addt mh` tmie. Wo wd mrrmhfd` cor gidmr

ikhds oc dguadhkgmi goaauhkgmtkoh, wktb tbd bdip oc amhy otbdr strkhfs oc tbd dguadhkgmi

hdtwore mrouh` tbd wori`. K wms bmppy to goad to ehow Zdv Waktb ms tbd ikmksoh pdrsoh

cor us. Vd k` hot hdd` to usd augb tmie. Vd uh`drstoo` qukgeiy.

Pbdh gmad tbd tkad wbdh mii oc us bm` to idmrh tbd hdw-oi` wor` ’Aymhamr‑,

mh` tbd hdw gohtdxt oc tbd Aymhamr gburgbds. Pbd prdgkous rdimtkohsbkp jdtwddh tbd

dguadhkgmi khstktutkohs kh Fdramhy mh` Aymhamr tbroufb Zdv Waktb wms ohd oc tbd ikcd

ikhds to khtdrprdt tbks sktumtkoh. Kh gohsdqudhgd wd Duropdmhs bm` to ckh` m posktkoh oc our

gburgbds vks-m-vks tbd joygott poikgy oc tbd Duropdmh Thkoh. Vd miwmys wdrd gmutkohd`

jy Zdv Waktb hot to khtdrprdt tbd vdry goapidx sktumtkoh kh bks gouhtry too skapikstkgmiiy

jy yds or ho.

K wms bmppy to sbmrd wktb Zdv Waktb tbd gohgdrh cor tbd fdhdrmtkoh ’mctdr tbd

goakhf gbmhfd‑. Gmh Fdramh gburgbds bdip wktb tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh cor Juradsd

stu`dhts dvdh jdcord mhy skfhs oc gbmhfd? Vd am`d rdmikstkg occdrs cor pimgds mh` cuh`s

cor stu`y kh Fdramhy. Bowdvdr, kt tooe hdmriy twdhty ydmrs mctdr =;22, cor tbd ckrst

tbdoiofkgmi sgboimrsbkp stu`dht to goad to Fdramhy. Mfmkh, wd k` hot hdd` to fo khto

amhy dtmkis. Zdv Waktb rmksd` tbd kaportmht qudstkohs kh m wmy tbmt Fdramh gburgbds

goui` qukgeiy rdspoh`. Bow woh`drcui to jd mjid to rdiy oh dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp!




Ay ddpdst frmtktu`d to Zdv. Waktb wms juki`khf up wbdh bd am`d tbd Fdramh-

Juradsd kmiofud posskjid kh :>>;. M froup oc Gbrkstkmh crkdh`s oc Aymhamr kh Fdramhy

wmhtd` to stdp ovdr tbd joygott poikgy. Pbdy wmhtd` to ckh` rdimtkohsbkp mgross tbd

jor`dr. Pbdy trmvdiid` to tbd Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy kh [mhfoh mh` bm` m aost

khtdhsd wdde oc stu`y tofdtbdr wktb tdmgbdrs oc tbd AKP oh kssuds oc goaaoh gohgdrh.Zdv. Waktb am`d tbks kmiofud posskjid. Amhy crkdh`sbkps dvdiopd`. Curtbdr dxgbmhfd

wms frowkhf, oh amttdrs oc tbdoiofy, khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud, oh uh`drstmh`khf tbd bkstory

oc Aymhamr, mh` oc Gbrkstkmhs tbdrdkh.

Cor ad tbd lujkidd oc Zdv Waktb ks m lujkidd oc autumi dguadhkgmi support, oc

`kmiofud, mh` oc uh`dtdrrd` struffid mfmkhst poiktkgmi rdskfhmtkoh. Pbmhe you!




M MWPOZ MH@ M GBM^DI JO[ KH AMH@MIM[

B.@. Wumh

Kt wms ohd bot suaadr aorhkhf kh Amrgb =;6:. K wms stmykhf mt tbd Mrym Wmamt

Bkhù Io`fd kh owhtowh Amh`mimy wktb Skmi Emp croa Aumiiuua. K wms trmhsktkhf

tbdrd oh ay wmy to Adketkim to dhroii ms m jomr`khf stu`dht mt tbd Pmtam`mw Gbki`rdh‛sBkfb Wgbooi to ckhksb ay amtrkguimtkoh wbkgb K cmkid` croa Pd`ka Bkfb Wgbooi. K bm` idss

tbmh =>> eymts kh ay pogedt. K idct boad wktbout mhy prdpmrmtkoh or prkor gohtmgt wktb tbd

sgbooi. Mitboufb K bm` cuii gohck`dhgd wktbout mhy souh` rdmsoh, ay sktumtkoh wms mgtumiiy

iked wmiekhf kh tbd aoohidss hkfbt wktbout mhy ikfbt, wktbout gidmr dtdrakhmtkoh, wktbout

`krdgtkoh mh` cuii oc uhgdrtmkhty.

Pbmt aorhkhf, wd wdrd trykhf to vdhturd out tbd gkty. Vbdh wd wdrd mjout to

stdp out oc tbd Io`fd, wd adt T Pbmwhf khgk`dhtmiiy hdmr tbd dxkt oor. Bd gmad to sdd

soadohd wbo wms stmykhf mt tbd smad Io`fd. Kh cmgt, wd k` hot ehow dmgb otbdr vdry

wdii mitboufb wd mrd giosd gouskhs oh jotb pmrdhts‛ sk`ds. Ms cmr ms K goui` rdgmii, ay ckrst

dhgouhtdr wktb bka wms kh our hmtkvd vkiimfd, Gkkhfpkeot wbdh K wms stkii kh Ak`ìd Wgbooi.

Ohd my, K wms wmiekhf pmssd` k Tmp‛s bousd (T Pbmwhf‛s frmhàotbdr) oh ay wmy to

ay muht Hu Hfuib \ma‛s bousd. Bd wms gidmrkhf soad wdd`s miohf tbd cdhgd mh` wd

frddt dmgb otbdr, khtroùgkhf oursdivds. Bd gmad jmge croa Amh`mimy Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd

Thkvdrskty oh suaadr vmgmtkoh. Bd wms tbd ohiy uhkvdrskty stu`dht croa tbd vkiimfd mt tbmt

tkad, so bd wms wdii-ehowh mh` jdgmad m roid ao`di cor youhf stu`dhts oc tbd vkiimfd.

Wkhgd tbmt jrkdc dhgouhtdr, K k` hot addt bka or bdmr mhytbkhf mjout bka uhtki tbmt aorhkhf

kh Amh`mimy.

K k` hot rdmikzd tbmt, tbmt uhdxpdgtd` addtkhf wktb T Pbmwhf oh tbmt aorhkhf kh

Amh`mimy bm` turhd` ay ikcd to m hdw goursd oc krdgtkoh. K k` hot ehow tbmt Fo` bm`

m pdrcdgt pimh cor ad mt tbmt vdry aoadht. Vbdh bd smw us, bd rdgofhkzd` ad mh` msed`

wbmt wd mrd okhf tbdrd, mh` wbmt our pimhs mrd. Mctdr bdmrkhf our sktumtkoh, bd toi` us to

stmy wktb bka mh` gohtkhud our dùgmtkoh croa bks boad. Kt k` hot tmed augb tkad cor us

to gohsk`dr bks proposmi, mh` wd bmppkiy mggdptd` tbd uh`dhkmjid occdr. Pbdh, wd aovd`

to Jmw`kfohd TGC Gbmpdi tbd smad my wbdrd K stmyd`, stu`kd` mh` frow up to jd m

amturd amh cor tbd hdxt 3 ydmrs.

K pmssd` amtrkguimtkoh tbd smad ydmr wktb Mrts sujldgt goajkhmtkoh. Vbdh T

Pbmwhf mh` K ksgussd` mjout gohtkhukhf Thkvdrskty dùgmtkoh, wd dgk`d` to gboosd

Bkstory amlor mt tbd Amh`mimy Mrts mh Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty tmekhf khto mggouht tbd ckhmhgkmi




gohstrmkht mh` ay khtdrdst kh tbd sujldgt. Pbdh, K stmyd` oh wktb bka cor mhotbdr ckvd aord

ydmrs uhtki K ckhksb ay J.M mh` aovd` to [mhfoh to sdde loj opportuhktkds mt tbd dh` oc

=;62.

Ay mys kh Amh`mimy wktb T Pbmwhf wdrd pdrbmps tbd aost grugkmi coramtkvd

ydmrs kh ay ikcd kh hurturkhf ay spkrktumi ms wdii ms khtdiidgtumi gmpmgkty. @urkhf tbdsd ydmrsK bmvd jddh mjid to juki` m strohf joh` oc rdimtkohsbkp wktb bka. Bd bm` jdgoad iked ay

kaad`kmtd di`dr jrotbdr, iked ay pmrdht mh` giosd gouhsdi. Pbmt giosd rdimtkohsbkp bms

jddh dvdh strdhftbdhd` curtbdr mctdr bd amrrkd` to M Btu wbo miso wms our giosd crkdh` mt

tbd TGC. Ay wkcd, Lu, mh` our gbki`rdh miwmys gohsk`dr tbdkr cmakiy ms oc our owh. Pbd

gbki`rdh oc jotb cmakikds gohsk`dr dmgb otbdr ms tbdkr hdxt oc ekh.

Bd ks wdii ehowh cor bks gmiahdss mh` gooi amhhdr. Bd bmrìy spdmes uhidss bd

`ddas kt hdgdssmry. Jut mt bdmrt, bd miwmys gmrds cor otbdrs, octdh tkads dvdh surpmsskhf

bks ikaktd` rdsourgds mh` gmpmgkty, gmuskhf ad gohgdrhs. Vd bm` bostd`, mggoaao`mtd` or fkvd tdapormry or ad`kua tdra sbditdr to mii tbosd wbo mrd trmhsktkhf Amh`mimy or

goakhf cor ad`kgmi trdmtadht or wktb otbdr rdmsohs. Cor dxmapid Eo Wmk Btk Wdhf wms

stmykhf wktb us cor mjout ohd ydmr kh =;66 mctdr `roppkhf out croa tbd Thkvdrskty. Ms

stu`dht mstor, our bousd ks tbd bousd oc dvdry TGC stu`dhts. Pbdy wkii goad mh` fo mh`

dvdh gbdge ay ektgbdh ms tbdy wksb.

Bd wms tbd bdm` oc tbd bousdboi` mh` K o tbd bousd eddpkhf. Bd bm` hdvdr

khtdrcdrd kh ay rdmia oc rdspohskjkikty khgiu`khf sboppkhf, gooekhf mh` amhmfkhf our

bousd. Hot m skhfid tkad bm` bd goapimkh or goaadht mjout ay ru`kadhtmry gooekhf cor tbd wboid skx ydmrs tbmt wd ikvd uh`dr tbd smad rooc. Ohd my, K gooed` m gurry ksb wktb

dxtrm gbkik kh kt. Vbdh bd mtd tbd ckrst aoutbcui oc gurry wktb rkgd, bd su``dhiy fot bkggup

mh` goui` hot gohtkhud to dmt. K corfot tbmt bd goui` hot stmh` bot ksbds. Bd k`h‛t smy m

wor` mh` ckhmiiy idct tbd tmjid. Jut, kt wms tbd imst tkad tbmt K trkd` ay cmvorktd bot gurry cor

bka. Bd miso dhùrd` ay ayrkm` oc dxtrmgurrkguimr mgtkvktkds tbmt rdqukrd` ad to jd

mjsdht croa ay boad uty cor amhy tkads. Oh tbosd oggmskohs, bd bm` to tmed mrd oc

bkasdic wktbout mhy goapimkht.

Bks smimry mt tbmt tkad, ms m stu`dht mstor, aust bmvd jddh vdry samii maouht,

mh` bmrìy succkgkdht dhoufb cor m pdrsoh iked bka wktb augb dxtrm dxpdh`kturd. Hot

wktbstmh`khf tbks, bd hdvdr rdcusds mhy ohd wbo gmad cor bks bdip. Bd miwmys put tbd

khtdrdst oc otbdrs mbdm` oc bks. Bd hdvdr toi` ad mjout ckhmhgkmi kcckguity. Bd bms hdvdr

fkvdh ad m bdm`mgbd.

Jy tbd tkad K idct Amh`mimy to sdde frddhdr pmsturd kh [mhfoh mt tbd dh` oc =;62,

bd wms mirdm`y bmppkiy amrrkd` to M Btu. K idct bka wktb gohck`dhgd uh`dr tbd iovkhf gmrd

oc M Btu, mh dxtrmor`khmry wkcd mh` Fo`-fkvdh ikcd-iohf goapmhkoh wktb tbd m``ktkohmi

rdkhcorgdadht croa Ema (Ebumi Gkh).

Pbd hdxt ydmr, tbdy miso aovd` òwh to [mhfoh ms T Pbmwhf tooe hdw

rdspohskjkikty wktb tbd WGA. K bm` jrkdciy stmyd` wktb tbda ohgd mfmkh, jut couh` ay hdw

mggoaao`mtkoh ms K miso lokhd` tbd AOCM kh Mufust =;6;.




WOAD PBOTFBPW OC M^^ZDGKMPKOH

OH PBD OGGMWKOH OC WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF'W

34tb JKZPB@M[

Bmhs-Jdrh` \óiihdr

K gmh‛t rdadajdr dxmgtiy wbdh mh` wbdrd K adt Waktb cor tbd ckrst tkad. Kt aust

bmvd jddh soad ydmrs mctdr ay ckrst vkskt to Juram kh =;20. Bd wms hot ydt m Zdvdrdh` mt

tbmt tkad. K sdrvd` ms akhkstdr cor tbd Fdramh Wpdmekhf rotdstmht Gohfrdfmtkoh kh Pbmk-

imh`. Pbd bdm`qumrtdrs oc tbd DE@, tbd uajrdiim orfmhkzmtkoh oc tbd Fdramh rotdstmht

Gburgbds bm` khcorad` ad tbmt pmrt oc ay msskfhadht wms to vkskt tbd hdkfbjourkhfgouhtry twkgd m ydmr. Ay amkh uty wms to iooe mctdr tbd Fdramhs ikvkhf kh Juram - tbdrd

wdrd quktd m iot oc tbda kh tbd gouhtry, aostiy dxpdrts bdipkhf tbd sogkmikst fovdrhadht to

jdttdr tbd ikvkhf goh`ktkohs oc tbd pdopid. Jdsk`ds tbmt, K wms msed` to goaauhkgmtd wktb

tbd Juradsd gburgbds. Ay ckrst gohtmgt wms tbd Iutbdrmh Gburgb oh Pbdkhjyu Wtrddt

wbkgb wms couh`d` jy m Fdramh aksskoh kh tbd imtd =;tb gdhtury. Imtdr K pmk` m gourtdsy

gmii to tbd Juram Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (JGG) wbkgb wms iogmtd` kh tbd [AGM juki`khf

oh Ambm Jmhòoim Wtrddt mt tbmt tkad. K supposd tbmt K adt bka tbdrd cor tbd ckrst tkad, m

addtkhf tbmt wms soadwbmt khdvktmjid skhgd Waktb bm` stu`kd` kh Fdramhy cor soad tkad

uh`dr Eohrm` Zmksdr wbo kh =;;7 jdgmad Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds. K wms vdry augb kaprdssd` mjout tbd tbdoiofkgmi khskfbt oc tbks Juradsd imy

tbdoiofkmh.

Croa ay tmies wktb Waktb K gohgiu`d`, tbmt Dtbkgs aust bmvd jddh bks cmvorktd

tbdoiofkgmi sujldgt. K màkrd` tbd gohsgkoushdss mh` `kikfdhgd oc bks mhmiysds jotb

oc tbd sktumtkoh oc tbd Gburgb mh` tbd poiktkgmi sktumtkoh kh Juram mh` imtdr Aymhamr.

K rdadajdr tbmt bd vdry augb poh`drd` kc kt goui` jd lustkckd` tbmt tbd Dguadhkgmi

Wbmrkhf Gdhtrd oh ymy Zom` goui` ohiy jd jukit jy fkvkhf tbd fovdrhadht mt idmst

soad sbmrd oc tbd cuh`s croa cordkfh gouhtrkds maohf tbda Fdramhy. Imtdr, K wms

kaprdssd` oc bks sojdr mhmiysks oc tbd poiktkgmi optkohs mctdr tbd =;22 uprkskhf. Ohd bm` to

toidrmtd tbd rdprdsskoh oc tbd akiktmry fovdrhadht kc aord jioo`sbd` wms to jd prdvdhtd`

wms tbd gohgiuskoh bd rdmgbd` mggor`khf to ay adaory.




K wms prkvkidfd` tbmt ay addtkhfs wktb Waktb gohgdhtrmtd` oh tmies mjout mh

dxgbmhfd oh sugb qudstkohs mh` tbdoiofkgmi topkgs. K bm` ho amh`mtd to o juskhdss wktb

tbd JGG mh` imtdr AGG. Pbd utaost K k` wms to gbmhhdi soad ad`kgkhd croa Jmhfeoe

to Zdv. Mh`rdws sdhkor mh` luhkor mh` mctdr =;22 to tbd AGG ms wdii. Waktb miwmys

`dgikhd` mh mhswdr oh ay qudstkoh wbmt K goui` tmed miohf wktb ad cor bka oh ay hdxtvkskt. Ohiy ohgd bd gohgd`d` to ay vdrjmi prdssurd mh` smk` tbmt soad vktmakhd pkiis cor

bks gbki`rdh woui` jd wdigoad.

Ovdr tkad, soad ekh` oc crkdh`sbkp jdtwddh us gmad khto jdkhf. K bmvd to strdss

’soad ekh`‑ jdgmusd wd hdvdr tmied` mjout our rdimtkohsbkp mh` ms m rdsuit oc ay

dxpdrkdhgds kh Pbmkimh` K wms ‗ mh` stkii ma ‗ tbmt tbd tdra ’crkdh`‑ amy gmrry m vdry

`kccdrdht admhkhf kh kccdrdht guiturds mh` dvdh kc jotb pmrthdrs mrd Gbrkstkmhs. Mhywmy, K

bm` vdry augb tbd cddikhf tbmt K wms tbd ohd wbo rdgdkvd` aord tbmh K goui` fkvd kh our

rdimtkohsbkp.Wkhgd K wms mjid to gohtkhud to vkskt Aymhamr mctdr ay rdturh to Fdramhy ms m

rdsdmrgbdr oc Aymhamr bkstory, guiturd mh` poiktkgs, ay gohtmgts wktb Waktb mh` bks cmakiy

gohtkhud` ms wdii. K usumiiy goad twkgd m ydmr to Aymhamr mh` soad ekh` oc rktumi bms

jdgoad m rdfuimr cdmturd oc dmgb vkskt, mh dvdhkhf khhdr mt Waktb‛s boad. Pbd ckrst oc

tbdsd dvdhts tooe pimgd kh tbd Imham`mw [AGM juki`khf wbdrd Waktb ikvd`, how kt‛s tbd

pimgd opposktd Bid`mh Amredt. Pofdtbdr wktb tbd tmies K vdry augb dhloyd` tbd coo`

prdpmrd` jy bks imtd wkcd Zdjdggm mh` how jy bks mufbtdrs Diksmjdtb or Dstbdr.

Ckhmiiy K woui` iked to adhtkoh tbmt K ma vdry bmppy tbmt Waktb mh` ad goui` bdipto dstmjiksb m samii hdw vdhturd oc goopdrmtkoh jdtwddh tbd Aymhamr mh` tbd Fdramh

gburgbds jdsk`ds tbd trmges oc occkgkmi rdimtkohs. Woad Fdramh crkdh`s, aost oc tbda iked

ad rdtkrd` croa gburgb sdrvkgds, bm` tbd k`dm to usd m boik`my trkp to Aymhamr to bmvd

soad dxgbmhfd wktb tbdoiofkmhs oc tbd gouhtry. K wms tbd ohd wbo corwmr`d` tbd k`dm to

Waktb mh` bd gohtmgtd` ^roc. Jwm mt tbd Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy (AKP). Ms m

rdsuit, kh Lmhumry :>>; m ckvd-`my kmiofud profrmaad wms bdi` mt Wdakhmry Bkii kh Khsdkh

wbkgb rdsuitd` kh m huajdr oc otbdr lokht vdhturds khgiu`khf youhfdr pdopid ms wdii.

K ma vdry augb iooekhf corwmr` to ay hdxt vkskts to Aymhamr mh` to sdd Waktb

mfmkh mh` K ma surd tbmt tbdsd vkskts wkii curtbdr bdip us to jrk`fd tbd amhy fuics stkii

sdpmrmtkhf tbd wori`s kh wbkgb dmgb oc us ikvds ‗ mh` bopdcuiiy wktb tbd msskstmhgd oc tbd

Boiy Wpkrkt.




MH DGTADHKWP CZOA WPMZP PO CKHKWB

Bdk`k Bm`sdii

K ckrst adt Waktb mt Jossdy kh, K tbkhe, =;27, wbdh K wms m tutor kh tbd frmùmtdsgbooi oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd. K rdadajdr Waktb tbdh ms m bmr` worekhf stu`dht,

wbo wms quktd fdhukhdiy sdrkous mjout tbd kaportmhgd oc dguadhksa. Waktb bm` ho oujt

tbmt bks tkad mt Jossdy, bks stu`kds, mh` tbd hdtwore oc crkdh`s bd am`d tbdrd, woui` jd m

strohf couh`mtkoh upoh wbkgb bd woui` juki` bks akhkstry mh` idm`drsbkp wbdh bd rd-

turhd` to Juram. Ohgd wd jotb idct Jossdy K k`h't bdmr croa Waktb cor m huajdr oc

ydmrs. Kh =;;6 K jdgmad tbd @krdgtor oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd. Kt wmsh't iohf mctdr K

mssuad` ay hdw posktkoh tbmt K bdmr` croa Waktb wbo, jy tbdh wms tbd bdm` oc tbd

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds oc Aymhamr. Bd wrotd to ad jdgmusd ms m ikcd-iohf dguadhkst, bd

wms dmfdr to ojtmkh cor tbd pmstors kh tbd Gouhgki oc Gburgbds wktb wboa bd wored`,

tbd sujstmhtkvd, trmhscorakhf dxpdrkdhgd kh dguadhska tbmt bd bkasdic bm` bm` amhy

ydmrs jdcord. Cmktbcuiiy, wbkid K wms mt Jossdy, mh` K ma surd, ohgd K idct, dvdry ydmr

Waktb dhgourfd` ohd oc tbd youhf Gbrkstkmh idm`drs to mppiy to tbd frmùmtd sgbooi. Mh`

dvdry ydmr wd bm` mh mppikgmtkoh croa tbmt youhf idm`dr, wbo woui` tbdh khvmrkmjiy jd

mggdptd` khto tbd frmùmtd sgbooi mh` goad to Jossdy. Waktb, tbd dguadhkst croa stmrt

to ckhksb, am`d surd tbmt kh`kvkùmis croa vmrkous dhoakhmtkohs bm` tbd gbmhgd to fo. K

rdmikzd` bd wms quktd gmrdcuiiy mh` pmtkdhtiy mh` qukdtiy sddkhf to tbd prdpmrmtkoh oc hdw

fdhdrmtkohs oc dguadhkgmi idm`drsbkp kh Juram.

Cmst corwmr` kh tkad to Cmii :>=:. K ma mt Bmrtcor` Wdakhmry, mh dguadhkgmi

Gbrkstkmh sdakhmry kh tbd Thktd` Wtmtds, wktb m iohf stmh`khf mh` wdii ehowh profrma kh

tbd stu`y oc Ksima mh` Gbrkstkmh Ausika rdimtkohs, ms wdii ms otbdr profrmas oc stu`y cor

tbosd wbo wkii jd worekhf kh khtdrcmktb gohtdxts. Ohd`my K rdgdkvd` mh damki croa Waktb,

oc pdrbmps tbd ckrst goaauhkgmtkoh wms m idttdr. K sakid` ms K rdmikzd` wbo kt wms croa,

bmppy to bdmr croa Waktb, mh` K miso sakid` jdgmusd K ehdw wktbout m oujt tbmt ay oi`

mh` dmr crkdh` woui` jd khqukrkhf mjout posskjkiktkds cor youhf Gbrkstkmh idm`drsbkp croa

Juram to stu`y mt Bmrtcor` Wdakhmry. Wurd dhoufb, bks idttdr wms dxmgtiy ms K bm` goad

to dxpdgt. Bd dxprdssd` bks support oc m youhf stu`dht idm`dr wbo wmhts to stu`y wktb

us jotb jdgmusd tbd sdakhmry ks dguadhkgmi, mh` jdgmusd oc tbd khtdrcmktb stu`kds kt pro-

vk`ds, wbkgb sdda ohiy aord urfdht dvdry`my.




Pbd cmgt tbmt Waktb ks how rdtkrkhf kh ho wmy idm`s ad to suspdgt tbmt bd wkii hot

gohtkhud to k`dhtkcy dadrfkhf idm`drs mh` gohhdgt tbda wktb opportuhktkds hdmr mh` cmr

tbmt wkii bdip sbmpd tbda ms dguadhkgmi Gbrkstkmh idm`drs, mjid to idm` tbdkr gohfrdfmtkohs

mh` orfmhkzmtkohs khto wmra mh` goopdrmtkvd rdimtkohsbkps wktb tbosd croa otbdr Gbrks-

tkmh dhoakhmtkohs. Kh m``tkoh tbdsd dadrfkhf idm`drs wkii jd mjid to bdip tbdkr pdopidtbkhe tbroufb mh` gohstrugt rdimtkohsbkps wktb pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs mh` to dxpdrkdhgd

tbdsd rdimtkohsbkps kh crdsb mh` grdmtkvd wmys. Gidmriy, kt ks tbroufb Waktb mh` otbdrs iked

bka tbmt tbd pmtkdht, octdh uhsddh wore oc dguadhksa, ms wdii ms kts somrkhf vkskoh, ks

mggoapiksbd`. Vd gmh tbmhe Fo` cor Waktb, cor bks idm`drsbkp, bks cmktbcui sdrvkgd to

fdhdrmtkoh oc hdw idm`drs, mh` cor bks mjkikty to bdip otbdrs mgqukrd tbd idmrhkhf mh`

dxpdrkdhgds bd ehows mrd hdd`d` cor akhkstry kh m rmpkìy gbmhfkhf, dvdr aord goapidx

wori`.




M JZTKWD@ ZDD@ VKII HOP JZDME

Bdhrkdttd Butmjmrmt Idjmhf

Kt ks ay pidmsurd to wdigoad tbd pujikgmtkoh oc tbd mutojkofrmpby oc Zdv. Waktb

H. \m Pbmwhf, m dmr crkdh` kh Gbrkst. Waktb, ms ehowh jy amhy dguadhkgmi crkdh s, ks

qukdt jut bmr` worekhf pdrsoh. K bmvd ehowh bka croa tbd tkad K sdrvd` ms Mssogkmtd

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc GGM urkhf =;;=-:>>=. Mt tbmt tkad, Waktb wms tbd Fdhdrmi Wdg-rdtmry oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) mh` m adajdr oc tbd GGM Fdhdrmi

Goaakttdd. Vd adt octdh kh tbd GGM addtkhfs mh` otbdr dguadhkgmi fmtbdrkhfs.

Kh tbd tkad oc kcckguity kh Aymhamr, Waktb, wktb amhy d kgmtd crkdh`s, uhgdmskhfiy

prmyd` mh` wored` cor pdmgd wktb lustkgd cor tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr. K rdadajdr gidmriy

tbmt kh bks posktkoh ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc AGG, Waktb mrtkguimtd` wdii tbd gohgdrhs mh`

grkds oc bks pdopid to tbd wk`dr dguadhkgmi cdiiowsbkp. Kh sugb tkads, Waktb mh` otbdr

crkdh`s stoo` ckraiy, rdfmrìdss oc tbd bmrsbhdss oc tbd sktumtkoh kh Aymhamr, khspkrd` jy

tbd powdr oc tbd gross to cmktbcuiiy coiiow tbd stdps oc Gbrkst. Ho amttdr bow jkf tbd

gbmiidhfd, tbdy bdi` to tbd proaksd oc Fo` ms mhhouhgd` jy tbd propbdt Ksmkmb tbmt ’…

m jruksd` rdd` bd wkii hot jrdme, mh` m `kaiy jurhkhf wkge bd wkii hot qudhgb‑.

(Ksmkmb 0:<7). Pbmt Ldsus Gbrkst, truiy tbd sdrvmht oc Fo` wkii cmktbcuiiy jrkhf cortb lustkgd,

bm` jdgoad mh` stkii rdamkhs tbdkr sourgd oc bopd kh tbd tkad oc struffid.

Pbd dguadhkgmi cmakiy mh tbd wori wdigoad tbd hdw dvdiopadhts kh Aymhamr

ms tbd fovdrhadht rdgdhtiy jdfmh tbd progdss oc rdcoramtkoh kh tbd gouhtry. Amhy gbmhfds

bmvd bmppdhd` mh` skfhs oc bopd bmvd dadrfd` oh tbd borkzoh. Kt ks our bopd tbmt tbks

wkii truiy jd m jrdmetbroufb cor Aymhamr wbkgb gmh pmvd tbd wmy towmr`s m fdhukhd

rdgohgkikmtkoh mh daogrmtkzmtkoh kh tbd gouhtry. Ms tbd imrfd stohd, tbmt cor amhy dgm`ds

bms bkh`drd` tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr croa dhloykhf tbd cuiihdss oc ikcd, bms jdfuh to jd

rdaovd`, wd wkii gohtkhud to upboi` tbd gburgbds mh` pdopid oc Aymhamr kh our prmydrs,

mh` mggoapmhy tbd gburgbds to pmrtkgkpmtd kh tbks daogrmtkzmtkoh progdss.




Mfmkh, cor sugb m tkad ms tbks, Aymhamr hdd`s trustwortby idm`drs wktb ddp

goaaktadht mh` khtdfrkty to sdrvd tbd pdopid, to bdmi tbd wouh`s mh` to cmgkiktmtd

rdgohgkikmtkoh maohf tbd wmrrkhf froups. K ma dikfbtd` to idmrh tbmt Zdv. Waktb H.

\m Pbmwhf, ms m coradr mgtkvkst oc tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht, gohtkhuds bks

goaaktadht to cmgkiktmtd mh` hurturd tbd dguadhkgmi idm`drsbkp dvdiopadht cor lustkgdmh` pdmgd, dspdgkmiiy maohf tbd youhfdr fdhdrmtkoh. K o prmy tbmt tbd spkrkt oc Fo` wkii

miwmys jd upoh tbd ikcd mh` akhkstry oc Zdv. Waktb \m Pbmwhf. Gohfrmtuimtkoh, Waktb, cor

tbks pujikgmtkoh!




AKWWKOH KH PBD AK@WP OC ZDIKFKOTW ÎTZMIKP[

Bopd W. Mhtohd

M ^drsohmi Hotd<

K ma vdry bmppy to jd pmrt oc tbks jooe to bohor tbd Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m

Pbmwhf, m crkdh` mh` go-solourhdr kh tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Pbks pmpdr ks mh

up`mtd` vdrskoh oc m pmpdr K bm` prdsdhtd` mt m tbdoiofkgmi gohsuitmtkoh oc tbd

Thktd` Gburgb oc Gbrkst kh tbd ^bkikppkhds oh tbd tbdad, ’^rogimkakhf tbd Fospdi

kh m iurmikstkg Vori` towmr`s m @kmiofud oc Ikcd.‑ K tbkhe kt gmh rdsohmtd wktb Zdv.

Waktb‛s dguadhkgmi goaaktadht, hot ohiy ms m idm`dr oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht

kh Aymhamr jut miso kh Mskm mh` tbd wori`. K ma occdrkhf kt ms m sbmrkhf oc ay

rdcidgtkoh oh tbd gohtdxtumi rdmikty kh tbd bkikppkhds, w ktb tbd bopd tbmt ay jrotbdrs

mh` skstdrs kh Aymhamr gmh miso ckh` soad usdcui khskfbts.

îurmikty ms m Gbmrmgtdrkstkg oc Mskm

K usumiiy dsgrkjd Mskm ms piurmi rmtbdr tbmh piurmikstkg jdgmusd piurmi mh` piurmikty

skapiy dsgrkjd tbd rdmikty oc kvdrskty wbdrdms piurmikst mh` piurmikstkg dsgrkjd mh mttktu`d

oc goaaktadht to ohd‛s trm`ktkoh mh` opdhhdss to idmrhkhf croa mh` kmiofukhf wktb otbdr

trm`ktkohs.

K iked tbd wmy L. H. L. Erktzkhfdr oc Woutb Mcrkgm dckhds aksskoh<

K uh`drstmh` Gbrkstkmh aksskoh to jd mh khgiuskvd goapidx oc mgtkvktkds mkad` mttbd mhtkgkpmtkoh mh` provkskohmi rdmikzmtkoh oc Fo`‛s rdkfh kh bkstory. Kt khgiu`ds

dvmhfdiksa jut (kt) ks augb wk`dr. Aksskoh ks tbd ’guttkhf d`fd‑ oc tbd Gbrkstkmh

aovdadht, dajo`ykhf m wmy oc ikcd tbmt rdcusds to mggdpt tbd stmtus quo mh`

eddps oh trykhf to gbmhfd kt, jdkhf pusbd` mh` puiid` jy tbd Wpkrkt oc Fo` towmr`s

tbd ckhmi mwhkhf oc Fo`‛s rdkfh.=

= L. H. L. Erktzkhfdr, ’Pbd Cuhgtkoh oc tbd Jkjid kh ^rotdstmht Aksskoh‑ kh Wgrkpturd,Goaauhkty, mh` Aksskoh, d`. ^bkikp I. Vkgedrk (Bohf Eohf< GGM & GVA, :>>:), =2. Pbks

`dckhktkoh ks m`mptd` croa Hkgo Jotbm, Eikppkds Erktzkhfdr mh` Pkhykeo Amiuided‛s ’Grugkmi

kssuds cor Gbrkstkmh aksskoh ‗ M aksskoiofkgmi mhmiysks oc gohtdapormry Woutb Mcrkgm‑ kh

Khtdrhmtkohmi Zdvkdw oc Aksskoh 27 (Lmhumry =;;0, :=).




Pbks dckhktkoh ks jrom` dhoufb to dhgoapmss tbd amhy kccdrdht tbkhfs tbmt wd o

mh` gmii aksskoh. Kt ks miso gidmr dhoufb mjout tbd two-coi` fomi oc ’mhtkgkpmtkoh mh`

provkskohmi rdmikzmtkoh oc Fo`‛s rdkfh‑ kh our tkad. Vd kh tbd bkikppkhds gmh rdsohmtd wktb

tbd k`dm tbmt aksskoh ks ’dajo`ykhf m wmy oc ikcd tbmt rdcusds to mggdpt tbd stmtus quo mh`

eddps oh trykhf to gbmhfd kt, jdkhf pusbd` mh` puiid` jy tbd Wpkrkt oc Fo` towmr`s tbdckhmi mwhkhf oc Fo`‛s rdkfh.‑ Pbks ks hot rdmiiy m hdw dckhktkoh cor Ckikpkhos. Kh cmgt,

amhy oc our owh gburgb woredrs mrd mgtumiiy ikvkhf tbks out rkfbt how, wktb mii kts mttdh`mht

rkses.

Vbdh K wms trykhf to mrtkguimtd m tbdory oc dùgmtkoh kh rdikfkoh tbmt woui` jd

rdidvmht cor Mskm, K bm` to sdrkousiy gohsk`dr tbd projidamtkg oc sugb m gohtdxt. Vbmt

stoo out cor ad ms m jkf gohgdrh wms tbd piurmikty oc dtbhkgkty, rdikfkohs, guiturds, imhfumfds

mh` tbd kcckguity or khmjkikty to dmi wktb sugb kccdrdhgds aord posktkvdiy mh` grdmtkvdiy.

Kh trykhf to m``rdss tbd kssud oc rdikfkous piurmikty jkjikgmiiy, tbdoiofkgmiiy, mh` guiturmiiy, Khdd`d` to rd-vkskt, dgohstrugt mh` trmhscora trm`ktkohmi aksskoh orkdhtmtkohs tbmt bmvd

probkjktd` us, Mskmhs, croa bmvkhf admhkhfcui rdimtkohs wktb Mskmh pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs.

Kh tbks pmpdr, K wkii try to cogus oh tbd bkikppkhd gohtdxt, mh` bow piurmikty hdd`s to jd

bmhìd` posktkvdiy mh` grdmtkvdiy, kh or`dr to gmrry out our aksskoiofkgmi tmse to`my.

îurmikty kh tbd ^bkikppkhds

Ks rdikfkous piurmikty mh kssud kh tbd bkikppkhds? K rdadajdr wrktkhf mh dssmy kh

bkfb sgbooi prouìy gimkakhf, ’Pbd bkikppkhds ks tbd ohiy Gbrkstkmh hmtkoh kh Mskm‑. How

K ehow tbmt K sboui` ohiy smy, ’Pbd bkikppkhds ks m prdòakhmhtiy Gbrkstkmh hmtkoh kh

Mskm‑. Mggor`khf to m wdjsktd oh ’Zdikfkous Froups kh tbd bkikppkhds‑,tbd coiiowkhf ks

m roufb jrdmeòwh oc tbd rdikfkous popuimtkoh kh our gouhtry:<

=. Zoamh Gmtboikg - 2>% (=;;2)

:. Otbdr Gbrkstkmh @dhoakhmtkohs Goajkhd` - 2.6% (=;;>)

7. Ausika/Ksimakg - 6% (:>>=)

0. Kh`kfdhous Zdikfkohs - =.:% (=;;>)

4. Ju``bksts - >.= % (=;;>)

3. Mtbdksts (`k` hot k`dhtkcy rdikfkoh) - >.7 % (=;;>)

Mt =4, K jdgmad m tdmgbdr kh tbd @mkiy Smgmtkoh Gburgb Wgbooi oc tbd @uamfudtd

Gkty TGG^ mh` tbd tdmgbdr‛s amhumi proùgd` jy tbd Hmtkohmi Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh

tbd bkikppkhds oh tbd tbdad, ’Juki`khf Goaauhkty,‑ bdipd` to jrom`dh ay pdrspdgtkvd

mjout pdopid oc otbdr cmktb goaauhktkds. @urkhf ohd oc tbd sdsskohs, mh dxgurskoh wms to

jd am`d to worsbkp pimgds oc vmrkous cmktb goaauhktkds kh tbd iogmikty. Pbdrd wms ho

aosqud kh @uamfudtd mt tbmt tkad jut tbd amhumi bdipd` us to sdd pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs

: Mggor`khf to tbks wdjsktd oh foofid.goa, tbd ckfurds mrd tmedh croa `kccdrdht sourgds mh`

ò hot m`` up to =>>%. Pbd adajdrs/m`bdrdhts outsk`d oc tbd gouhtry mrd hot khgiu`d` kh tbd

gouht. Pbd pdrgdhtmfd jrdmeòwh ks jmsd` oh tbd [dmr :>>: ^bkikppkhd popuimtkoh dstkamtd mt 62

akiikoh.




ms our hdkfbjors. Kt bdipd` ad to tbkhe oc ay tbrdd amtdrhmi gouskhs wbo amrrkd` Ausika

adh croa Akh`mhmo kh m kccdrdht ikfbt.

@urkhf ay goiidfd ydmrs, ay cmakiy wms cmgkhf m kcckguit sktumtkoh< ay di dst skstdr

wms fdttkhf dhfmfd` to bdr gimssamtd, m Ju``bkst croa Pbmkimh`! Pbks wms m sboge to ay

cmtbdr wbosd cdiiow pmstors edpt tdiikhf bka hot to miiow bks mufbtdr to jd yoed` wktb mhuhjdikdvdr. Pbdrd wdrd bdmtd` ksgusskohs mjout tbmt rdimtkohsbkp ‗ uhtki wd mfrdd` to

addt wktb tbd amh mh wdrd soadbow gbmhfd (buamhkzd , K sboui smy) jy tbmt dhgouhtdr.

Ay corami khtroùgtkoh to Ausika-Gbrkstkmh rdimtkohs wms am`d posskjid urkhf

ay sdakhmry trmkhkhf mt Wkiikamh Thkvdrskty @kvkhkty Wgbooi. K bm` tbd prkvkidfd oc

pmrtkgkpmtkhf kh tbd WT@W-TPW suaadr profrma oh Ausika-Gbrkstkmh @kmiofud uh`dr

tbd supdrvkskoh oc Jksbop Bkimrko Foadz kh Amrmwk. Pbmt idmrhkhf dxpdrkdhgd khgiu`d` mh

khtdhskvd goursd wktb @r. dtdr Fowkhf mt @mhsmimh ms wdii ms ikcd dhgouhtdr wktb soad

goaauhktkds kh Akh`mhmo.Vbdh K stmrtd` tdmgbkhf rdikfkous stu`kds mt Wkiikamh Thkvdrskty Bkfb Wgbooi, mh`

rdikfkoh goursds mt Wkiikamh Thkvdrskty, K bm` soad Ckikpkho Ausikas mh` Pbmk Ju``bksts

maohf ay stu`dhts. Kt wms kaposskjid to ksakss tbda or ovdriooe tbda, ho amttdr bow

cdw tbdy wdrd. Oc goursd wd mii ehow tbmt fiojmi dvdhts (dspdgkmiiy skhgd ;.==) bmvd

sbowh us bow rdikfkous kccdrdhgds mh our kfhormhgd oc tbda gmh jd usd to cudi mhkaoskty,

bmtrd`, mh` vkoidhgd. Vd ehow bowdvdr tbmt mii tbks ks adrd govdr-up cor tbd okiy trutb

mjout tbd so-gmiid` wmr oh tdrrorksa mh` kts twkh, fiojmikzmtkoh, tbmt mrd mt tbd root oc tbd

gohcikgts wd mrd cmgkhf fiojmiiy to`my. Hdvdrtbdidss, tbd rdmikty oc rdikfkous piurmikty ks vdry rdmi. Mitboufb wd o hot

mcckra kt wbdhdvdr wd gimka tbmt ’tbd bkikppkhds ks tbd ohiy Gbrkstkmh hmtkoh kh Mskm‑, kt

òdsh‛t admh tbmt our hmtkoh bms miwmys jddh boaofdhdous. Our gimka ohiy rdcidgts tbd

mttktu`d oc tbd amlorkty, mh mttktu`d tbmt soadbow kakhksbds mii otbdrs, dspdgkmiiy tbd

akhorkty froups. Gbrkstkmhs kh akhorkty sktumtkohs kh otbdr gouhtrkds oc Mskm mrd succdrkhf

croa tbks mttktu`d ocamlorktmrkmhksa croa tbd amlorkty oc tbd popuimtkoh kh tbdkr rdspdgtkvd

gouhtrkds.

Pbdrd mrd sdrkous kssuds mjout piurmikty jdbkh` khhogdht qudstkohs rmksd` jy

Ckikpkhos wbo dhgouhtdr pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs. M Ckikpkho goupid wbo gmad jmge croa m

tour kh Jmhfeoe toi` oc bow tbdy grkd` oh tbdkr ehdds prmykhf cor tbd Pbmk pdopid to jd

gohvdrtd` to Gbrkst. Pbdh tbdy msed` ay cmtbdr< ’Vby ks Pbmkimh` aord jidssd` tbmh tbd

^bkikppkhds wbdh kt ks m Ju``bkst gouhtry?‑ Kh Bohf Eohf, m huajdr oc our Ckikpkho

òadstkg bdipdrs bmvd tmedh upoh tbdasdivds tbd tmse oc gohvdrtkhf tbdkr ’uhjdikdvkhf

dapioydrs‑. ’Bow gmh K gohvdrt ay Gbkhdsd (k.d. Ju``bkst) dapioydrs so tbdy wkii jd

smvd`?‑ Ohd msed` urkhf m sbmrkhf jy otbdr Ckikpkhms wbo bmvd soad ’suggdss storkds‑

oc ‒gohvdrtkhf‛ tbdkr dapioydr. Pbdsd mrd lust m cdw dxmapids oc bow rdikfkous piurmikty

òds mccdgt us, Ckikpkhos, ohd wmy or tbd otbdr.




Bkstorkgmi Skskt< Fdhdrmi Mttktu`ds to Otbdrhdss mh` dopid oc Otbdr Cmktbs

Mitboufb tbd bkstory oc Gbrkstkmhkty kh Mskm ks octdh mssogkmtd wktb Vdstdrh goiohkmi

dxpmhskoh, soad Mskmh bkstorkmhs mssdrt tbmt tbdrd bms jddh m wk`dsprdm` prdsdhgd oc

Dmstdrh Gbrkstkmhs (hmad` kccdrdhtiy ms Wyrkmh, Mradhkmh, Hdstorkmh, dtg.) kh vmrkous

pmrts oc Mskm iohf jdcord =4>> GD.7

Kt bms jddh gimkad` tbmt urkhf tbd Hdw Pdstmadhttkad, trm`d ikhes jdtwddh tbd Ak`ìd Dmst mh` soad gouhtrkds kh Mskm wdrd am`d posskjid

jy sdm to tbd Kh`kmh sujgohtkhdht mh` jdyoh , mh` jy imh` to Gbkhm. Pbosd trm`d rdimtkohs

rdsuitd` kh tbd dstmjiksbadht oc Mrmj, Ldwksb, drskmh mh` Mradhkmh sdttidadhts kh pmrts

oc Mskm.0 Pbd trm`ktkoh oc tbd mrrkvmi oc tbd mpostid Pboams kh soutbwdstdrh gomst oc Kh`km

(how Edrmim) ks ikhed` to tbd wdii-dstmjiksbd` Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty oc Wyrkmh orkfkhs kh

Kh`km croa mrouh` :>> GD. Kt ks khtdrdstkhf to hotd tbmt tbd dmriy ’Wt. Pboams Gbrkstkmhs‑

wdrd ehowh to bmvd vdry foo` rdimtkohs wktb Bkhùs mrouh` tbda ‗ otbdrwksd, bow

wdrd tbdy mggdptd` khto tbd gmstd strugturd ms sdgoh` kh ikhd, hdxt ohiy to tbd Jrmbakhs.4

Ms tbdy khgorpormtd` amhy Bkhù gustoas mh` prmgtkgds khto tbdkr rdikfkous ojsdrvmhgds,

amkhtmkhd` dggidskmstkgmi gohtmgt wktb tbd pmtrkmrgb kh Wyrkm, mh` gdidjrmtd` tbd ikturfy

bmh`d` owh jy trm`ktkoh, tbd dsgrkptkoh ks tbmt tbdy mrd ’Bkhù kh guiturd, Gbrkstkmh kh

rdikfkoh mh` Orkdhtmi kh worsbkp‑. Wo kh tbd jdfkhhkhf, iohf jdcord goiohkmi tkads mh`

giosdr to tbd tkad oc tbd dmriy gburgb, tbdrd wms m rdimtkohsbkp oc go-dxkstdhgd mh`

toidrmhgd jdtwddh tbd dmriy Mskmh Gbrkstkmhs mh` pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs.

Vbmt coiiowd` tbd trm`d rdimtkohs bowdvdr wms tbd frowkhf dskrd oc Vdstdrh

powdrs cor poiktkgmi gohtroi kh Mskm to cmgkiktmtd trm`d. Ms goiohkzdrs jroufbt soad gidrfycroa tbdkr boadimh`s to provk`d rdikfkous sdrvkgds to tbdkr Vdstdrh sdttidrs kh Mskm, soad

gidrfy smw bufd potdhtkmi cor sprdm khf tbd fospdi. Jy tbks tkad, Vdstdrh Gbrkstkmh tbdoiofy

wms gbmrmgtdrkzd jy trkuapbmiksa mh khtoidrmhgd, rdsuitkhf croa Gbrkstkmhkty‛s jdgoakhf

tbd occkgkmi rdikfkoh oc tbd Zoamh Dapkrd.3 Pbus, gmad mjout tbd uhboiy miikmhgd oc

goiohkzmtkoh, wdstdrhkzmtkoh mh dvmhfdikzmtkoh. Bdhgd, wbkid aksskohmry mgtkvktkds jroufbt

mjout buamhkzmtkoh oc Mskmh sogkdtkds, oh tbd ohd bmh`, tbroufb dùgmtkoh, ad`kgkhd,

tdgbhoiofy, dtg., tbdy miso gmusd`, oh tbd otbdr bmh`, jrutmi supprdsskoh oc tbd rdikfkohs

mh` guiturds oc tbd pdopids oc Mskm. Cmkikhf to uh`drstmh` tbd rdikfkohs mh` guiturds oc

Mskm, Vdstdrh Gbrkstkmhkty bms trdmtd` tbda ms adrd pmfmhksa, supdrstktkoh, or aksfuk`d`

mttdapts to frmsp tbd kvkhd. Pbks mttktu`d ckts tbd typoiofy oc Dxgiuskvksa, wbkgb ameds

mh mjsoiutd gimka to trutb, tbdrdjy dhykhf kts posskjkikty to jd wktb otbdrs.

7 Lobh G. Dhfimh`, Pbd Bk``dh Bkstory oc Gbrkstkmhkty kh Mskm (@dibk< KW^GE mh` Bohf

Eohf< GGM, =;;3), =-:.0

W. Vdsidy Mrkmrmlmb, ’Gbrkstkmhkty mh` ^dopid oc Otbdr Zdikfkous Prm`ktkohs,‑ kh M Bkstory oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Aovdadht kh Mskm, Soi. :, d`. Hkhmh Eosby (Bohf Eohf< VWGC-M^,

M^M[, GGM, :>>0), =0=.4 Mrkmrmlmb, ’Gbrkstkmhkty mh` ^dopid oc Otbdr Zdikfkous Prm`ktkohs.‑

3 Mrkmrmlmb, =0:-7.




Dvdry hdw rdikfkous aovdadht bms tbd khgikhmtkoh to jd dxgiuskvd, amekhf strohf

gimkas to sdt ktsdic mpmrt croa otbdrs mh` to bkfbikfbt kts `kstkhgtkvd k`dhtkty.6 Pbus,

Gbrkstkmhkty‛s dxgiuskvd gimkas mh` tdh`dhgy mrd couh` kh vmrkous pmssmfds oc tbd Jkjid, ms

tbd mpostids wdrd jdmrkhf tdstkaohy kh tbd wmed oc mttmges croa Ldwksb dxgiuskvksa mh`

otbdr rdikfkohs oc tbd my. Imtdr, wktb tbd khgrdmskhf khciudhgd oc Ksima, Gbrkstkmh dxgiuskvksa jdgmad khtdhskckd`, dhouhgkhf mhyohd wbo k hot coiiow Gbrkst ms khck dis, bdmtbdh mh`

pmfmh. Pbks dxgiuskvkst mttktu`d ks curtbdr daohstrmtd` jy tbd Zoamh Gmtboikg mxkoa,

’dxtrm dggidskma huiim smius‑ (outsk`d tbd gburgb, ho smivmtkoh). rotdstmht tbdoiofkmhs

iked Bdh`rkge Ermdadr mh` Emri Jmrtb sustmkhd` tbks dxgiuskvkst tdh`dhgy kh tbdkr owh

wmy. Vbkid mggdptkhf tbmt Fo` wores maohf tbosd outsk`d jkjikgmi rdvdimtkoh, Ermdadr

rdfmr`d` kt ms fdhdrmi rdvdimtkoh wbkid tbd spdgkmi rdvdimtkoh oc Fo` ks ohiy kh Gbrkst Ldsus

miohd. Jmrtb tboufbt oc mii otbdr rdikfkohs ms rdsuits oc buamh ydmrhkhf or strkvkhf, wbdrdms

Fo`‛s rdvdimtkoh tbroufb Gbrkst wms Fo`‛s sdic-amhkcdstmtkoh.Kh tbd bkstory oc Gbrkstkmh aksskoh, Gbrkstkmhkty bms cor tbd aost pmrt proldgtd`

tbmt dxgiuskvkst stmhgd towmr`s otbdr rdikfkous goaauhktkds, wktb tbd dh`-fomi oc

Gbrkstkmhkzkhf tbd wori`. Po`my amhy Mskmh tbdoiofkmhs bmvd rdmikzd` tbmt tbks dxgiuskvkst

posktkoh ks ohd oc tbd rdmsohs wby Gbrkstkmhs bmvd kcckguity kh rdimtkhf admhkhfcuiiy wktb

Mskmhs oc otbdr cmktbs. Kt ks wbmt ameds m huajdr oc Gbrkstkmhs cddi fukity tbmt tbdy mrd hot

mjid to jrkhf tbdkr hoh-Gbrkstkmh hdkfbjors to gburgb.

Imtdr, wbdh soad Gbrkstkmh aksskohmrkds rdmikzd` tbmt Gbrkstkmhkty ods hot bmvd

m aohopoiy oc foo`hdss mh` tbmt tbdrd ks kh cmgt soad didadht oc foo`hdss kh otbdr rdikfkohs, tbdy tooe oh mh khgiuskvkst stmhgd. Khgiuskvksa mcckras tbd rdmikty oc amhy

trm`ktkohs mh` trutbs jut gimkas tbmt ohd‛s wmy ks tbd guiakhmtkoh oc mii otbdrs. Fo` ks

prdsdht mh` mt wore kh otbdr rdikfkohs, miohf wktb Gbrkstkmhkty, cor Fo ‛s iovd mh` frmgd

mrd hot dxgiuskvd to mhy pmrtkguimr rdikfkoh ohiy. [dt, smivmtkoh ks stkii ckhmiiy tbroufb Gbrkst,

wbo ks tbd ohiy wmy to smivmtkoh.

Ohd amhkcdstmtkoh oc tbd khgiuskvkst tdh`dhgy ks tbd rdfmr` cor mhyjo`y wbo ikvds

kh tbd Wpkrkt oc Gbrkst ms mh ’mhohyaous Gbrkstkmh‑. Pbks imjdi ks jmsd` oh Emri Zmbhdr‛s

gokhmfd oc tbd pbrmsd, ’mhohyaous Gbrkstkmhkty‑. Otbdrs gimka tbmt tbdrd ks m imtdht Gbrkst

kh tbd otbdr rdikfkohs, wbkgb mrd jut m prdpmrmtkoh cor tbd fospdi.2 Pbus, kh tbd khgiuskvkst

vkdw, Gbrkstkmhkty ks stkii tbd pmrmaouht rdikfkoh, wbkgb ks hot oh dqumi pimhd wktb otbdrs.

Wkhgd Gbrkstkmhkty ks sddh ms tbd cuii rdmikzmtkoh oc trutb, kt ks sddh ms tbd lu`fd oc mii otbdr

trutb.

Po`my, amhy Mskmh tbdoiofkmhs bmvd rdmikzd` tbmt tbd foo`hdss kh otbdr rdikfkohs

sboui` hot jd lu`fd` jy our Gbrkstkmh stmh`mr`s or imjdid` our Gbrkstkmh imjdis. Pbdy

tbkhe tbmt amekhf Gbrkstkmhkty tbd uajrdiim mjovd mii otbdr rdikfkohs ks m cora oc rdikfkous

kapdrkmiksa. Kh m sdhsd, khgiuskvksa ks hot augb kccdrdht croa dxgiuskvksa dspdgkmiiy kh

6 [mp Eka Bmo , @okhf Pbdoiofy kh m îurmikstkg Vori` (Wkhfmpord< Adtbo`kst Jooe

Zooa, =;;>), 62.2 [mp Eka Bmo , @okhf Pbdoiofy kh m îurmikstkg Vori` , 2;.




tdras oc tbd gdhtrmikty oc Gbrkst, kts rkfk` trutb gimkas, mh` kts mjsoiutd Gbrkstoiofy. Wo lust

iked dxgiuskvksa, khgiuskvksa ks giosd` to otbdr posskjkiktkds oc trutb, mh` to kmiofud wktb

otbdrs oc gohtrmry vkdws.

îurmiksa, m typoiofy tbmt swkhfs mwmy croa jotb dxgiuskvksa mh` khgiuskvksa,

mcckras tbd piurmikty oc rdikfkohs, tbdkr goaaoh sdmrgb cor trutb, mh` tbdkr `kccdrdhtwmys oc smivmtkoh. Thiked rdimtkvksa wktb wbkgb kt ks octdh gohcusd`, piurmiksa khgiu`ds

jotb goaaktadht to ohd‛s owh goaauhkty/trm`ktkoh mh` mh opdhhdss to tbosd oc otbdrs.

@kmhm Dge, mh Madrkgmh wbo bm` jddh m aksskohmry to Kh`km, prdsdhts piurmiksa ms tbd

’mjkikty to amed m boad cor ohdsdic mh` ohd‛s hdkfbjors kh tbmt auitkcmgdtd` rdmikty oc

piurmikty mh` kvdrskty‑.; Pbd iurmikst ks ohd wbo stmh`s wktbkh mh` ks goaakttd` to tbd

struffids oc ohd‛s pmrtkguimr goaauhkty, wbkid rdgofhkzkhf tbmt otbdrs miso bmvd tbdkr owh

goaauhktkds mh` goaaktadhts, jut tbmt tbdy mii aust ikvd wktb dmgb otbdr‛s pmrtkguimrktkds.

Pbus, tbd piurmikst‛s gbmiidhfd ks ‒goaaktadht wktbout ofamtksa mh goaauhkty wktboutgoaauhmiksa.‛ Jrkdciy, rdikfkous piurmiksa ksrdikfkous opdhhdss to otbdrs miohf wktb ohd‛s

owh goaaktadht.

Kh ay jooe, Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh kh Gohtdxt oc îurmikty mh` îurmiksa, K

bmvd fkvdh soad dsgrkptkvd hmads to tbd tbrdd typoiofkds to rdadajdr tbda aord

dmskiy. Dxgiuskvksa ks tbd mttktu`d oc ’ohd mfmkhst mii‑ mh` kt rddes wktb rdikfkous

mrrofmhgd, kc hot, sbddr giosd`-akh`d`hdss. Khgiuskvksa ks tbd mttktu`d oc ’ohd mjovd mii‑

mh` kt sddas to bmvd mh mkr oc rdikfkous kapdrkmiksa. îurmiksa ks tbd mttktu`d oc ’ohd wktb

mh` maohf mii‑ mh` kt ks amred` jy rdikfkous goaaktadht mh` opdhhdss.

=>

Pbdrd ks ydt mhotbdr pdrspdgtkvd oh piurmiksa. Zdcidgtkhf oh to`my‛s gohtdxt,

Kh`kmh tbdoiofkmh Cdikx Vkicrd` mssdrts tbmt piurmiksa ks tbd bmiiamre oc Mskm mh` tbmt kt ks

soadtbkhf tbmt gmh gouhtdr tbd gurrdht fiojmikzmtkoh proldgt, wktb kts k`doiofy oc

boaofdhkzmtkoh mh` profrma oc uhkcorakty. Pbd profrma oc boaofdhkzmtkoh ks tbd mfdh`m

oc tbd powdrcui cor tbdkr owh khtdrdsts, wktb totmi ksrdfmr` cor tbd piurmikty oc guiturds mh`

trm`ktkohs. Bdhgd, piurmiksa ks, mggor`khf to Vkicrd`, ’tbd dcdhsd ms wdii ms tbd bopd oc

tbd poor mfmkhst tbd powdrcui wbo stmh` cor mh mfdh`m oc psduò-uhkty.‑==

Jkjid, iurmikty mh` iurmiksa

• Grdmtkoh ktsdic, ms wd gmh sdd mrouh` us mh` rdm` kh tbd Jkjid (Fdh = mh` :) mcckras

tbmt Fo wkiis piurmikty, hot uhkcorakty. Vd mrd mii kccdrdht jut wd mrd miso khtdr`dpdh`dht

mh` khtdrgohhdgtd`. Pbdrd ks m pimgd cor dvdrytbkhf ‗ ciowdr, khsdgt, juf, pimht,

wdd`, dtg. kh Fo`‛s fmr`dh mh` wd hdd` dmgb otbdr.

; @kmhm I. Dge, Dhgouhtdrkhf Fo`< M Wpkrktumi Lourhdy croa Jozdamh to Jmhmrms

(Jostoh< Jdmgoh ^rdss, =;;7)

=> Bopd W. Mhtohd, Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh kh Gohtdxt mh` îurmikty (Amhkim< Hdw @myûjiksbdrs mh` Bohf Eohf< GGM, :>>7), 7=-7:.

== Cdikx Vkicrd`, ’Our Hdkfbjors mh` Our Gbrkstkmh Aksskoh< @dgohstrugtkhf Aksskoh

wktbout @dstroykhf tbd Fospdi‑ kh Pbd ^dopid oc Fo` maohf Mii Fo`‛s ^dopids< Crohtkdrs kh

Gbrkstkmh Aksskoh, d`. ^bkikp I. Vkgedrk (Bohf Eohf< GGM & GVA, :>>>), ;2.




• Pbd story oc tbd juki`khf oc tbd towdr oc Jmjdi (Fdhdsks ==) rdcidgts m dskrd cor uhkty

mh` powdr jmsd` oh boaofdhkzmtkoh ‗ m pkgturd oc fiojmikzmtkoh! Fo` rdspoh`d` jy

grdmtkhf kccdrdht imhfumfds, tbus, dgimrkhf tbmt boaofdhkzmtkoh ks hot tbd jdst jmsks

cor uh`drstmh khf mh uhkty. Pbd story oc dhtdgost rdkhcorgds tbks k dm oc uh`drstmh khf

dvdh wktb mh` kh spktd oc our kccdrdhgds.• Mitboufb tbd uhkvdrsmikty oc Fo`‛s iovd cor mii pdopid mh` hmtkohs ks gidmr kh amhy

jkjikgmi pmssmfds (d.f. tbd goaamh` to jotb woadh mh` adh to jd stdwmr`s ‗ ’bmvd

òakhkoh ovdr‑ ‗ oc grdmtkoh kh Fdh. =<:6-:25 gmii to Mjrmbma mh` bks dsgdh`mhts

to jd m jidsskhf to tbd hmtkohs kh Fdh. =:<7g5 mh` tbd story oc tbd ckhmi lu`fadht kh

Amttbdw :4), tbd dxgiuskvkstkg mttktu`d/tdh`dhgy oc tbd Ldws tdh`d` to `kccusd kt

soadbow. Hdvdrtbdidss, tbd storkds oc tbd Wyro-^bodhkgkmh woamh (Amre 6<:0-7>,

Amttbdw =4<:=-:2), tbd Wmamrktmh woamh (Lobh 0<=-:0), mh` Gorhdikus (Mgts ==)

sbow bow ’tbd otbdr‑ o rdakh` us oc tbd uhkvdrsmikty oc Fo`‛s iovd.• Pbd uhkvdrsmikty oc Fo`‛s iovd sbkhds oh dvdrytbkhf mh` dvdryjo`y rdfmrìdss oc our

kccdrdhgds kh rdikfkoh, rmgd/dtbhkgkty, guiturd, imhfumfd, k doiofy, sdx/fdh`dr/sdxumikty,

mfd, gimss, k`doiofy, dtg. Ms gburgb, dhtrustd` wktb Fo`‛s aksskoh, kt ks our tmse to

sdd to kt tbmt sugb kccdrdhgds mrd hot usd` to dbuamhkzd or vkoimtd gdrtmkh froups oc

pdopid, jut to dhmjid tbda to jdmr wkthdss to tbmt uhkvdrsmi iovd.

• Wkhgd mii pdopid mrd Fo`‛s pdopid, wd hdd` to jd opdh to tbd posskjkikty oc kccdrdht

dxprdsskohs oc aksskoh (d.f. wore cor buamhkzmtkoh, pdmgd mh` lustkgd, dqumikty mh`

`kfhkty, khtdfrkty oc grdmtkoh) jy pdopid oc otbdr cmktbs mh`/or k`doiofy. Vmsh‛t Gyrustbd Frdmt mgehowid`fd kh tbd Jkjid cor okhf soadtbkhf tbmt wms sddh ms buamhkzkhf?

Zdvksktkhf Aksskoh, Dvmhfdiksa mh` Dguadhksa

Pbd Frdmt Goaaksskoh mggor`khf to Amttbdw (:2<=2-:>) hdd`s to jd sddh kh kts

gohtdxt, wbdrd Ldsus wms vkdwd` ms tbd dxpdgtd` Adsskmb mh` cuickiiadht oc Oi` Pdstmadht

propbdgy jy m imrfdiy Ldwksb mu kdhgd. Mggor khf to rdamh Hkids=:, tbd ‒mutborkty dhtrustd

jy Fo`‛ kh bdmvdh mh` oh dmrtb hdd`s to jd sddh kh vkdw oc tbd ohd ‒òkhf tbd wkii oc

Fo`‛. Pbd goaamh` to ‒fo mh` amed ksgkpid oc mii hmtkohs‛ admhs to jrkhf uh`dr tbd

ruid oc tbd goapmsskohmtd ohd. @okhf jmptksa, m goaaoh rktumi cor adajdrsbkp khto mhy

goaauhkty, kh tbd tbrdd-coi` hmad aust bmvd jddh m wmy to `kccdrdhtkmtd tbd goaauhkty

oc tbd Adsskmb croa otbdr goaauhktkds, bdhgd, kt wms m amttdr oc k`dhtkty. ’Pdmgb tbda to

ojdy mii tbmt K bmvd goaamh`d`‑ aust jd sddh kh vkdw oc Ldsus‛ jdkhf tbd hdw Aosds

wbo wms frdmtdr tbmh Aosds. Po fo mh` o wbmt Ldsus goaamh`d` wms to wdigoad

hoh-Ldws khto tbd goaauhkty oc tbd Adsskmb mh` ‒hmtkohs‛ admht pdopid kh wbosd ak`st

tbdy ikvd` jut wboa tbdy bm` gohsk`drd` ‒otbdr‛ to tbda. Pbus, tbd goaaksskoh wms

=: Wuaamrkzd` croa hotds croa tbrdd Jkjid stu`kds tbmt @ ^rdamh Hkids, coradr fdhdrmisdgrdtmry oc tbd Gouhgki cor Vori` Aksskoh (GVA), id` cor m Fdhdrmi Goaakttdd addtkhf oc tbd

Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm kh Jmhfeoe, Pbmkimh` kh :>>7. Pbd k`dms mrd gohtmkhd` kh bks hdw

jooe, Croa Dmst mh` Vdst< Zdtbkhekhf Gbrkstkmh Aksskoh (Wt. Iouks, Akssourk< Gbmikgd ^rdss,

:>>0).




fkvdh to tbd Ldwksb goaauhkty wbo bm` mggdptd` Ldsus ms Adsskmb mh` wbosd aksskoh

wms to jd m fdhukhd goaauhkty oc tbd Adsskmb ‗ k.d., m wdigoakhf, goapmsskohmtd

goaauhkty, cogusd` oh okhf tbd wkii oc Fo`, mh` tbroufb wbosd ikvds ms wkthdssds, mrd

cmktbcui aksskohmrkds to tbd pdopids rkfbt kh wbosd ak`st tbdy ikvd`.

Pbd fospdi mggouht tbroufb Iued :0<06 mh` Mgts =<2 sdds Fo`‛s wkii mh` rdkfhmt wore kh buamh bkstory, m cuickiiadht oc sgrkpturds. Ldsus‛ akhkstry ks portrmyd` ms grosskhf

jor`drs ‗ croa Fmikidd (iogmi) to Ldrusmida (hmtkohmi sdmt oc powdr), tbroufb Wmamrkm

(Fdhtkid tdrrktory), to Zoad (sdmt oc kapdrkmi powdr). Vktb tbd idm`khf oc tbd Wpkrkt kh

aystdrkous mh` uhdxpdgtd` wmys, kt ks opdh to hoh-Ldwksb pdopid (d.f. Gorhdikus). Pbus,

aksskoh khgiu`ds jdkhf opdh to tbd idm`khf oc tbd Wpkrkt, jdkhf ‒gohvdrtd`‛ or trmhscorad`

jy tbd otbdr kh autumi sbmrkhf.

Pbd mggouht jy Lobh :><:>-:7 ods hot dapbmskzd mhy goaaksskoh jut dpkgts

tbd aksskohmry Fo` wbo sdht Ldsus, wbo kh turh sdh`s tbd ksgkpids. Pbd khtdr`dpdh`dhgdoc Woh-Mjjm/Cmtbdr, ksgkpids-Gbrkst, mh` tbd roid oc tbd Wpkrkt ms M`vogmtd mssurds tbd

gohtkhumtkoh oc tbd wore ‗ k.d., to iovd ohd mhotbdr tbmt tbdy amy mii jd ohd. Bdhgd,

aksskoh ks rdimtd` to pdmgd-juki`khf. Ms tbd Wpkrkt jrdmtbds to tbda tbd fkct oc pdmgd tbd

`ksgkpids jdgoad majmssmòrs oc pdmgd.

Pbd mggouht oc Amre =3<=4 ods hot bmvd m goaaksskoh stmtdadht, dxgdpt kh tbd

iohfdr dh`khf, wbkgb ks octdh tmedh ms m imtdr m``ktkoh. Khstdm` tbdrd ks strdss oh Ldsus‛

succdrkhf mh` dmtb, tbd roid oc tbd succdrkhf sdrvmht rmtbdr tbmh mh dxmitd` k`dhtkty wktb

amrvdious powdr. Ldsus ks portrmyd` ms Adsskmb oc tbd ogbios (or`khmry pdopid), wktbmitdrhmtkvd vmiuds mh` gbmrmgtdrkstkgs wbkgb truiy dxbkjkt tbd vmiuds oc tbd rdkfh oc Fo`.

Goapmsskoh cor (soik`mrkty mh` k`dhtkckgmtkoh wktb) tbd ogbios admhs jrdmekhf ikhds oc

uhtougbmjkikty mh` grosskhf jouh`mry to grdmtd goaauhkty. Vbkid succdrkhf tbd aost mh`

uttdriy powdridss, tbd ogbios bmvd tbd gmpmgkty to gmrd tbd aost. Bdhgd, cor Amre, ’to

progimka tbd foo` hdws to tbd wboid grdmtkoh‑ ks cor or`khmry pdopid to gmrry out tbd

foo` hdws oc Fo`‛s goapmsskoh cor tbd wboid oc grdmtkoh.

Kt ks kaportmht to sdd tbd gohtdxts kh wbkgb tbd kccdrdht goaaksskohkhf stmtdadhts

wdrd am`d. Mitboufb tbdrd mrd soad kccdrdhgds rdsuitkhf croa tbd kccdrdhgds kh tkad,

gohtdxt mh` mu`kdhgd, tbd goaaoh tbkhf ks tbmt tbd aksskoh oc Gbrkst ks rdmiiy tbd aksskoh

oc Fo` ( Akssko @dk) ‗ k.d. tbd turhkhf oc Fo` towmr`s Fo`‛s pdopids kh goapmsskoh mh`

iovd. Pbdrdcord, our pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbmt turhkhf towmr`s Fo`‛s pdopids sboui` miso jd kh

goapmsskoh mh` iovd.

Pbdrd ks m hdd` to rd-vkskt jkjikgmi jmsds oc dvmhfdiksa (or dvmhfdikgmiksa) mh`

dguadhksa jdgmusd oc tbd gurrdht pdrgdptkohs tbmt bmvd put tbda mt o``s wktb dmgb

otbdr.

Dvmhfdiksa goads croa tbd Frddedvmhfdikoh or foo` hdws. Pbd ‒foo` hdws‛

oc Ldsus Gbrkst ks hot ohiy mjout bks goakhf to kd oh tbd gross cor our skhs, jut aord so

to daohstrmtd Fo`‛s wkii cor cuiihdss oc ikcd cor mii (Lobh =><=>). Cor Ldsus, ikvkhf m cuii ikcd

jdcord dmtb wms so kaportmht tbmt bd wdht mjout bdmikhf, cdd`khf, cdmstkhf, dxorgkskhf,

jdcrkdh`khf, mpmrt croa tdmgbkhf mh` prdmgbkhf mjout tbd rdkfh oc Fo . Pbroufb Ldsus,




wd bmvd goad to ehow Fo`‛s wkii cor cuiihdss oc ikcd! Mh` tbmt ks rdmi foo` hdws! Vbdh

wd tbkhe oc foo` hdws wd hdd` to tbkhe oc tbd uhgoh`ktkohmi iovd oc Fo` cor mii dxprdssd`

kh Gbrkst‛s goakhf tbmt wd amy bmvd ikcd kh kts cuiihdss.

Ikedwksd, Dguadhksa hdd`s to jd rd-vksktd mt kts wor`-admhkhf, ‒wboid khbmjktd

wori` ms Fo`‛s bousdboi`‛. Wugb m admhkhf skfhkckds tbmt tbdrd ks aord to dguadhksatbmh jdkhf m aovdadht towmr`s Gbrkstkmh uhkty. Kh Dpbdskmhs =<;-=>, wd rdm` oc tbd

aystdry oc Fo`‛s wkii, wbkgb ks to ’fmtbdr up (uhkcy) mii tbkhfs kh (Gbrkst)‑ kh bdmvdh mh`

dmrtb. . Kc wd rdm` tbd surrouh`khf vdrsds, wd gmh sdd tbmt tbks stmtdadht rdcdrs to Gbrkst‛s

jrdmekhf owh tbd kvk khf wmii jdtwddh Fdhtkids mh` Ldws khto m ’hdw buamhkty‑ wbo

mrd hot strmhfdrs/mikdhs jut adajdrs oc Fo`‛s bousdboi`. Jut coiiowdrs oc Gbrkst miso

hdd` to amhkcdst tbmt uhkty, wbkgb ks hot to kakhksb k`dhtkty. Pbd prmydr oc Ldsus (Lobh

=6<:=) spdmes hot oc m ioss oc k`dhtkty (jdtwddh tbd Mjjm/Cmtbdr mh` Woh) jut m rdimtkohsbkp

oc sustmkhkhf iovd (oh tbd pmrt oc tbd Mjjm/Cmtbdr) mh` goapidtd ojd`kdhgd (oh tbd pmrtoc tbd Woh). Kh Fdhdsks =<=-7=, wd gmh sdd tbmt piurmikty ks pmrt oc Fo`‛s `dskfh. Kt

`ksgiosds uhkty tbroufb khtdr`dpdh`dhgd mh` khtdrgohhdgtd`hdss, dqumikty oc tbd sdxds

(fdh`dr lustkgd), mh` pmrthdrsbkp oc buamhekh` mh` wktb mii oc grdmtkoh. Wo, dguadhksa

gmh jd tboufbt oc ms tbd aovdadht towmr`s uhkty oc gburgbds mh` Gbrkstkmhs ms tbdy prmy

mh` wore tofdtbdr cor tbd uhkty oc buamhekh` mh` oc mii grdmtkoh. Pbd proaotkoh oc uhkty,

goopdrmtkoh or kaprovd` uh`drstmh`khf jdtwddh dhoakhmtkohs ks pmrt oc kt. Wo ks tbd

rdikfkous khktkmtkvd towmr`s m wori`wk`d uhkty.

Our dvmhfdikgmi gohvkgtkoh tbdh ks tbmt tbd foo` hdws oc ikcd kh kts cuiihdss ks cor mii, bdhgd, tbd gmii ks cor mii to pmrtkgkpmtd tofdtbdr to bdip amed tbmt jdgoad m rdmikty. Our

dguadhkgmi goaaktadht ks tbmt wd gmh admhkhfcuiiy mh` dccdgtkvdiy pmrtkgkpmtd tofdtbdr

kc, wbkid jdkhf rootd` kh our owh cmktb goaauhktkds, wd mrd opdh to idmrhkhf, worekhf mh`

ikvkhf wktb otbdr cmktbs mh` froups.

Kapikgmtkohs oc iurmiksa/Dvmhfdiksa oh Aksskoh

Vbmt ods tmekhf piurmiksa ms mh mttktu`d mh` mppromgb dhtmki cor us ms m gburgb?

=. iurmiksa gmiis us to rd-vkskt our aksskoh orkdhtmtkoh ms m gburgb. Wrk Imhemh

dguadhkst Vdsidy Mrkmrmlmb spdmes oc cour sbkcts kh aksskoh tbkhekhf kh tbd wmed oc rdikfkous

piurmikty. Pbdsd mrd< (m) croa mh dxgiuskvd to mh opdh Ubd usds ‒khgiuskvd‛Q uh`drstmh`khf

oc Fo`‛s aksskoh ehowkhf tbmt Fo` ks mirdm`y prdsdht mh` mgtkvd kh tbd wori`5 (j) croa

gohvdrskoh to bdmikhf ehowkhf tbmt Fo` khtdh`s totmi smivmtkoh cor mii rmtbdr tbmh skapiy

wkhhkhf souis5 (g) croa amlorkty to akhorkty ehowkhf tbmt tbd Jkjid spdmes oc tbd akhorkty

goaauhkty ms m skfh oc Fo`‛s prdsdhgd kh tbd wori`5 mh` (`) croa adrd ogtrkhmi kssuds

to ddp spkrktumi gohgdrhs ehowkhf tbmt tbd sdmrgb cor admhkhfcui mh` mutbdhtkg spkrktumi

ikcd khgiu`ds tbd qudst cor lustkgd mh` pdmgd.=7

:. iurmiksa gbmiidhfds us to rdm` tbd Jkjid grktkgmiiy ehowkhf tbmt tbdrd mrd miwmyskvdrsd vokgds ‗ usumiiy croa tbd powdrcui amlorkty, soadtkads croa tbd struffikhf akhorkty,

mh` miso croa tbd uhbdmr` or corfottdh vokgds oc tbd amrfkhmikzd` mh` outgmst. @ksgdrhkhf

tbd wor` oc Fo` maohf tbdsd vmrkous vokgds jdgoads aord gbmiidhfkhf jut kh Ldsus tbd




Gbrkst wd bmvd m ao`di oc ohd wbo buajiy idmrhd` to rdimtd wktb tbd otbdr. Gohsdqudhtiy,

wd wkii miso jd aord mttdhtkvd to akhorkty mh` skidhgd` vokgds kh our tkad, ehowkhf tbmt kt

òds hot miwmys coiiow tbmt tbd amlorkty bms tbd trutb. Kh cmgt, piurmiksa bms miso dhgourmfd

us to vkskt otbdr smgrd` tdxts ‗ mh` to idmrh croa tbda ms wdii.

7. îurmiksa miso gmiis us to grktkgmiiy dvmiumtd our gohgdpts mh` prmgtkgds oc dvmhfdiksa, wbkgb ks octdh sddh ms tbd pmrthdr oc aksskoh. Dvmhfdiksa ks usumiiy uh`drstoo`

ms tbd zdmious prdmgbkhf mh` kssdakhmtkoh oc tbd fospdi, wbkgb ks tbd ‒foo` hdws oc

smivmtkoh croa skh mh` mahmtkoh,‛ am`d mvmkimjid tbroufb tbd dmtb oc Ldsus tbd Gbrkst.

Jut ks kt hot m augb jdttdr hdws to ehow tbmt Ldsus gmad so tbmt wd amy bmvd ikcd kh kts

cuiihdss mh` tbmt tbks khgiu`ds smivmtkoh hot ohiy cor tbd soui jut cor our wboid jdkhf croa

skhcui strugturds mh` systdas tbmt vkoimtd ikcd?

0. iurmiksa miso gmiis cor sbkcts kh our uh`drstmh`khf mh` prmgtkgds oc dguadhksa

cor wbkid kt goads giosdiy to dguadhksa, tbd imttdr bms miso jddh uh`drstoo` kccdrdhtiy

tbroufb bkstory. Kh m huajdr oc wrktd-ups, K bmvd hmad tbd cour hdd`d sbkcts kh dguadhkgmi

tbkhekhf< (m) croa goapdtktkoh to goopdrmtkoh oc `dhoakhmtkohs5 (j) croa

goh`dahmtkoh to `kmiofud wktb otbdr cmktbs5 (g) croa ksoimtkoh to goiimjormtkoh

wktb gkvki sogkdty5 mh` (`) croa kskhtdfrmtkoh to khtdfrkty oc grdmtkoh.=0

4. iurmiksa dckhktdiy gmiis cor m sbkct kh our Gbrkstkmh Dùgmtkoh mh` tbd fdhdrmi

tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh. Vbkid kt rdamkhs kaportmht cor our gohstktudhgy to jd hurturd` kh

tbd ckrst imhfumfd oc Gbrkstkmh Dùgmtkoh Uk.d. tbd tdhdts oc our cmktbQ, tbdrd ks m hdd`

cor m jrom`dhkhf khto tbd sdgoh` imhfumfd oc Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh Uk.d. tbd imhfumfd oc

`kmiofud mh` gohvdrsmtkoh wktb otbdr cmktbsQ.3. iurmiksa rdakh`s us to jd buajid mh` pmtkdht, ehowkhf tbmt tbd mrrkvmi oc Fo`‛s

rdkfh, ods hot bmppdh out oc our okhf, jut kt ks soadtbkhf tbmt wd mwmkt croa Fo` mh`

wbkgb frows oc ktsdic. Kh`kmh tbdoiofkmh Cdikx Vkicrd` dsgrkjds tbd tdh`dhgy to tbkhe tbmt

wd mrd tbd possdssors mh` mrgbktdgts oc aksskoh wktb m gidmr jiudprkht mh` sgbdùid cor

dxdgutkhf, so tbmt wbdh tbkhfs o hot cmii kh ikhd, tbdrd ks mhfdr mh` kh`kfhmtkoh.=4 Pbks, bd

smk`, hdd`s to jd tdapdrd` wktb spkrktumi crddòa croa mhxkdty mh` rdstidsshdss rdsuitkhf

croa augb rdikmhgd oh buamh dccorts cor aksskoh. Khstdm`, wd sboui` rdadajdr tbmt

Fo`‛s woh`rous wmys oc frmgd mrd soadtkads jdyoh` our goaprdbdhskoh mh` gmiguimtkoh.6. iurmiksa gmiis us to guitkvmtd tbd spkrkt oc toidrmhgd mh` pdmgd cor lust ms tbd

pmrmjid oc tbd tmrds/wdd`s spdmes oc miiowkhf tbd rkfbtdous mh` tbd uhfoìy to tbrkvd

tofdtbdr, wd hdd` to rdakh` oursdivds tbmt uitkamtd lu`fadht ks rdsdrvd` cor Fo` miohd.

Vd miso hdd` to ovdrgoad tbd tdh`dhgy to tbkhe kh tdras oc crkdh`s vs. dhdakds5 jdikdvdrs

=7 Wuaamrkzd` croa W Vdsidy Mrkmrmlmb‛s ’Gbrkstkmh Aksskoh< Pbd Dh` or m Hdw

Jdfkhhkhf,‑ uhpujiksbd` pmpdr prdsdhtd` mt tbd Addtkhf oc tbd Thktd` Adtbo`kst Fdhdrmi Jomr`

oc Fiojmi Akhkstrkds, Ogtojdr =;;2.=0 Bopd W. Mhtohd, ’Jrk`fkhf tbd Fmps jdtwddh Aksskoh, Dvmhfdiksa mh` Dguadhksa‑

kh GPG Juiidtkh, Soi. RRK. Ho. = (Mprki :>>4), =6-:05 ’Aksskoh mh` Dvmhfdiksa wktb mh

Dguadhkgmi Skskoh‑ kh Vkhòws khto Dguadhksa< Dssmys kh Bohour oc Mbh Lmd Voohf (Bohf

Eohf< GGM, :>>4), =7>-;.




vs. uhjdikdvdrs5 smvd` vs. uhsmvd`5cor us vs. mfmkhst us, wbkgb octdh idm`s to daohkzmtkoh

oc tbd otbdr. Vd hdd` to guitkvmtd tbd spkrkt oc toidrmhgd mh` pdmgd wktbkh our goaauhkty

mh` to jrkhf kt to jdmr upoh our rdimtkohsbkps wktb hdkfbjors kh tbd wk`dr sogkdty.

2. îurmiksa gbmiidhfds us khto m ikcd oc kmiofud, hot ohiy kh our spdmekhf, jut kh our

òkhf mh` kh our wboid jdkhf. Cr. Poa Akgbdi oc CMJG hmad` soad coras oc kmiofudwbdh bd sbmrd` mt tbd Wdgoh` Gohfrdss oc Mskmh Pbdoiofkmhs. Pbdsd mrd< `kmiofud oc

jdkhf m posktkvd prdsdhgd maohf otbdrs cor tbd skapid smed oc jdkhf tofdtbdr5`kmiofud oc

òkhf lokht mgtkohs kh rdspohsd to ikcd mh` dmtb kssuds mccdgtkhf pdopid rdfmrìdss5`kmiofud

oc k`dms tbroufb sbmrkhf mh` dxgbmhfd cor autumi uh`drstmh`khf mh` wk`dhkhf oc borkzohs5

mh` `kmiofud oc dxpdrkdhgds tbroufb sbmrkhf oc ddp buamh mh` rdikfkous dxpdrkdhgds

cor autumi dhrkgbadht kh cmktb mh` spkrktumikty.=3

ZDCDZDHGDW TWD@<

Mhtohd, Bopd W. ’Jrk`fkhf tbd Fmps jdtwddh Aksskoh, Dvmhfdiksa mh` Dguadhksa‑

kh GPG Juiidtkh. Soi. RRK, Ho. = (Mprki :>>4).

_________. Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh kh Gohtdxt oc îurmikty mh` îurmiksa. Amhkim<

Hdw @my ûjiksbdrs mh` Bohf Eohf< GGM, :>>7.

Dge, @kmhm I. Dhgouhtdrkhf Fo`< M Wpkrktumi Lourhdy croa Jozdamh to Jmhmrms.

Jostoh< Jdmgoh rdss, =;;7.

Dhfimh`, Lobh G. Pbd Bk``dh Bkstory oc Gbrkstkmhkty kh Mskm< Pbd Gburgbds oc tbd

Dmst Jdcord =4>>. @dibk< KW^GE mh` Bohf Eohf< GGM, =;;3.Eosby, Hkhmh. M Bkstory oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Aovdadht kh Mskm, Soi. KK. Bohf

Eohf< VWGCM , [AGM, GGM, :>>0.

Akgbdi, Poa. ’Pbd Gbmiidhfd oc Khtdrcmktb @kmiofud,‑ kh GPG Juiidtkh, Soi. =3, Ho.

= (Hovdajdr =;;;), =0cc.

’Zdikfkous Froups kh tbd bkikppkhds‑, m wdjsktd mggdsskjid tbroufb foofid.goa.

Vkgedrk, bkikp I., d`. Wgrkpturd, Goaauhkty, mh` Aksskoh. Bohf Eohf< GGM &

GVA, :>>:.

____________ d`. Pbd ^dopid oc Fo` Maohf Mii Fo`‛s ^dopids< Crohtkdrs kh

Aksskoh. Bohf Eohf< GGM & GVA, :>>>.

Vkhòws khto Dguadhksa< Dssmys kh Bohour oc Mbh Lmd Voohf. Bohf Eohf< GGM,

:>>4.

[mp, Eka Bmo. @okhf Pbdoiofy kh m iurmikstkg Vori` . Wkhfmpord< Adtbo`kst

Jooe Zooa, =;;>.

=4 Vkicrd`, 22.=3 Poa Akgbdi, ’Pbd Gbmiidhfd oc Khtdrcmktb @kmiofud,‑ kh GPG Juiidtkh, Soi. =3, Ho. =

(Hovdajdr =;;;), =0.




PO BOHOZ PBD DGTADHKGMI AKHKWPZ[ OC ZDS@ WAKPB

Bukjdrt vmh Jdde

Po fot to ehow Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf kh tbd =;;>s, wbdh K wms Dxdgu-

tkvd Wdgrdtmry kh tbd Occkgd oc Gburgb mh` Dguadhkgmi Zdimtkohs oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds. Ohd oc ay msskfhadhts kh tbmt occkgd wms mjout tbd rdimtkohsbkps wktb tbdhmtkohmi gouhgkis oc gburgbds (HGGs). Pbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, mh mssogkmtd

gouhgki wktb tbd VGG mh` mcckikmtd` wktb tbd VGG‛s Goaaksskoh oh Vori` Aksskoh mh`

Dvmhfdiksa, wms oc goursd pmrt oc tbd hdtwore oc gouhgkis rdimtd` to our occkgd. Mitboufb

ay adaory cmkis ad ms K try to rdadajdr wbdh mh` wbdrd wd adt cor tbd ckrst tkad, K

ehow cor surd tbmt kt gikged` croa tbd jdfkhhkhf jdtwddh Waktb mh` ad. K mpprdgkmtd` bks

qukdt, procouhìy spkrktumi pdrsohmikty, mh` bks d`kgmtkoh to tbd ikcd mh` wkthdss oc tbd

gburgbds.

Kh =;;;, two ydmrs jdcord bd jdgmad fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki

oc Gburgbds, Waktb mppikd` cor tbd posktkoh oc Zdfkohmi Wdgrdtmry cor Mskm mt tbd VGG,

wbkgb wms vmgmht mt tbmt tkad. Pbd VGG bms m iohf bkstory oc rdfkohmi occkgds, or rdfkohmi

`dses ms tbdy wdrd usumiiy gmiid`. Pbdy usd` to jd iogmtd` kh tbd @kvkskoh oh Khtdr-

Gburgb Mk`, Zdcufdd mh` Vori` Wdrvkgd corad` kh=;3>, wbkgb kh =;6= jdgmad m Wuj-

uhkt ehowh ms GKGMZVW (Goaaksskoh oh Khtdr-Gburgb Mk`, Zdcufdd mh` Vori`

Wdrvkgd), mh` wms turhd` khto Thkt KS< Wbmrkhf mh` Wdrvkgd, kh =;;:. Pbd roid oc tbd

rdfkohmi dses (cor Mcrkgm, Mskm, Duropd, Imtkh Madrkgm mh` tbd Gmrkjjdmh, tbd Ak`ìd

Dmst mh` tbd mgkckg) wms vdry augb kh tbd mrdm oc khtdr-gburgb mk`, wbdrdms rdcufdd mh`

wori sdrvkgd ( ksmstdrs mh dadrfdhgkds) wdrd dhtrustd to spdgkmikzd dses. Pbd rdfkohmi

sdgrdtmry bm` tbd tmse to ovdrsdd khtdr-gburgb mk` proldgts kh bks or bdr rdfkoh, to rdimtd to

tbd gburgbds mh` hmtkohmi gouhgkis kh tbd rdfkoh, to tbd ohor mfdhgkds kh tbd so-gmiid`

`dvdiopd` gouhtrkds, mh` to proaotd dguadhkgmi goopdrmtkoh mh` sbmrkhf oc rdsourgds.

Dmgb rdfkohmi dse bm mt kts ksposmi m cuh croa wbkgb prkorkty proldgts goui jd ckhmhgd .

M rdfkohmi sgrddhkhf or proldgt goaakttdd dxkstd`, wbkgb dgk`d` oh grktdrkm mh` sdidgtd`

proldgts sujakttd` jy tbd gburgbds mh` HGGs. Pbd prkorkty cuh`s wdrd suppikd` jy tbd

mfdhgkds. Kc m proldgt goui` hot jd qumikckd` ms prkorkty, kt goui` jd rdgoaadh`d` jy tbd

rdfkohmi sdgrdtmry cor cuh`khf jy tbd mfdhgkds outsk`d tbd prkorkty cuh`.

Jy tbd tkad Waktb mppikd` cor tbd Mskm @dse, augb oc tbd oi` systda bm` mirdm`y

dvoivd` towmr`s hdw gohgdpts sugb ms gouhtry profrmas, gmpmgkty juki`khf, rdcidgtkoh

oh kmeohkm dtg. Pbd tmse oc tbd rdfkohmi sdgrdtmrkds wms jdgoakhf aord rdimtkohmi kh




hmturd tbmh proldgt amhmfdadht. Ms K wms aysdic rdspohskjid cor rdimtkohsbkps ms tbd

amkh mrdm oc ay wore, K wdigoad` tbdsd dvdiopadhts. Kt wms, mh` stkii ks, ay gohvkgtkoh

tbmt tbd qumikty oc tbd goaauhkty corad` jy tbd gburgbds ks mt tbd bdmrt oc tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht mh` tbd sdmrgb cor Gbrkstkmh uhkty. K ehdw tbmt tbd smad vkskoh wms khspkrkhf

Waktb kh bks wore wktb tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc gburgbds, mh` tbmt tbks aotkvmtd` bka to jd m gmh`k`mtd cor m post croa wbdrd bd goui` sdrvd tbd gburgbds kh tbd Mskm rdfkoh. Bd

wms sbort-ikstd` mh` gmad to Fdhdvm cor khtdrvkdws. Kt so bmppdhd` tbmt K wms am`d m

adajdr oc tbd khtdrvkdwkhf stmcc tdma sdt up cor tbks vmgmhgy. K cdit tbmt soadohd wktb tbd

spkrktumi dptb mh` mttdhtkoh cor tbd ikcd mh` gohgdrhs oc tbd gburgbds iked Waktb wms tbd

pdrsoh wd hdd`d cor tbd posktkoh. Kh ay vkdw tbmt gorrdspoh`d` wktb tbd dapbmsks tbd

VGG wms fkvkhf mt tbmt tkad oh tbd cdiiowsbkp oc kts adajdr gburgbds. Waktb wms hot

mppokhtd`. Otbdr gohsk`drmtkohs, lust ms vmik` ms ay mrfuadhts, prdvmkid`. Mh` cmr jd kt

croa ad to amed mhy lu`fadht. K ma rdgmiikhf tbks ohiy to pmy trkjutd to Waktb, to tbdvkskoh bd rdprdsdhtd` mh` to bks kfhkty.

Woad ydmrs imtdr, oh ohd oc ay vkskts to Aymhamr, Waktb khvktd` ad to bks boad.

Bd bm` toi` ad, mh` K bm` rdm` mjout kt kh hdwspmpdr mrtkgids oh Aymhamr, tbmt rdsk`dhtkmi

mrdms wdrd oh purposd iogmtd` mt dxdgdsskvd kstmhgds croa tbd gdhtrd oc [mhfoh, to

`ksgourmfd pdopid croa fokhf to amhkcdstmtkohs or skakimr dvdhts kh tbd gmpktmi. Pbd mrdm

wbdrd Waktb ikvd` wms ho dxgdptkoh. K stkii rdadajdr tbd iohf rk`d mt use, mh` tbd rkvd

jmge kh tbd tropkgmi hkfbt. Pbmt wms jy gmr jdgmusd oc ad, tbd fudst, jut K ehdw tbmt tbd

or`khmry pdopid oc Aymhamr, mh` Waktb wms ohd wktb tbda, bm` ho gbokgd jut to dpdh` oh pujikg trmhsport. Kt tmufbt ad m idssoh oc tbd mkiy gohstrmkhts, rdstrkgtkohs mh` bmr`sbkps

so amhy oc our dguadhkgmi crkdh`s kh tbd fiojmi Woutb bmvd to gopd wktb. Jdkhf khvktd` to

tbd boad oc m goiidmfud mh` crkdh` ks ohd oc tbd loys mh` prkvkidfds oc worekhf kh tbd

dguadhkgmi aovdadht, dspdgkmiiy kh sktumtkohs tbmt mrd guiturmiiy, poiktkgmiiy mh dgohoakgmiiy

so kccdrdht croa ohd‛s owh gohtdxt.

@urkhf tbd ydmrs Waktb wms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds, mh` uhtki ay rdtkrdadht croa tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh :>>0, wd

wdrd sdvdrmi tkads tofdtbdr kh addtkhfs or oh otbdr oggmskohs. Kt ks how mirdm`y giosd to

tdh ydmrs mfo tbmt wd smw dmgb otbdr imst, mh` wd ehow tbmt opportuhktkds to addt wkii jd

idss mh` idss, ms wd jotb frow oi`dr. Jut crkdh`sbkp rdamkhs, mh` tbmt ks wbmt amttdrs.

Amy Fo` jidss you Waktb, ms you gohtkhud your tdmgbkhf akhkstry, sbmrkhf your rkgb

dxpdrkdhgds, your ehowid`fd mh` your spkrktumi wdmitb wktb tbd youhfdr fdhdrmtkoh wbo,

wd mii bopd, wkii sdrvd tbd gburgb mh` kts Ior` kh m hdw Aymhamr. Vd mii rdlokgd wktb

you, mh` wktb tbd gburgbds mh` tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr, kh tbd gbmhfds oc daogrmtkzmtkoh.

Ms you smk` kh your owh wor`s, kh ohd oc your rdgdht adssmfds< Aymhamr ks dtdrakhd`

to jd oh tbd wmy towmr`s daogrmgy. Cdmr mh` uhgdrtmkhtkds rdamkh, jut wd mrd gohck`dht

tbmt tbd Fo` oc bkstory ks kh gohtroi.




GOHPZKJTPKOH COZ M GOAADAOZMPKSD SOITAD

COZ ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

OH PBD OGGMWKOH OC BKW 34PB JKZPB@M[

Eohrm` Zmksdr

Zdv` Waktb wms ay ckrst cordkfh stu`dht ms rocdssor oc Dguadhkgmi Pbdoiofy mt

tbd Zubr Thkvdrskty oc Jogbua kh =;20. Kh cmgt, mirdm`y jdcord K bm` mssuad` ay tdmgb-

khf rdspohskjkiktkds mt Jogbua mh` idct ay coradr posktkoh ms @dputy Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry

oc tbd VGG kh Fdhdvm, roc. Eymw Pbmh bm` skfhmiid` to ad tbmt Zdv` Waktb bm` jddh

sdidgtd` jy bks gburgb cor gohtkhukhf stu`kds kh Pbdoiofy kh Duropd mh` woui` goad to

Jogbua, kh or`dr to idmrh Fdramh mh` tbdh tmed up stu`kds wktb ad. K bm` ehowh roc.

Eymw Pbmh croa bks iohfstmh`khf khvoivdadht kh tbd VGG mh` rdspdgtd` bka ms m ada-

jdr oc tbd VGG Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd. Pbdrdcord, K fimìy mggdptd` bks rdqudst to amed

mrrmhfdadhts cor tbd stu`kds oc Zdv` Waktb.

Po ay rdgoiidgtkoh, Zdv` Waktb mrrkvd` mt Jogbua kh tbd cmii oc =;20 mh` dhroiid`

kh tbd Fdramh imhfumfd goursd occdrd` jy tbd Dguadhkgmi Wtu`kds Gdhtrd mt Jogbua.

Mctdr wd bm` adt, K suffdstd` m ekh` oc rdm`khf goursd cor bka miohfsk`d bks Fdramh

imhfumfd stu`kds, so tbmt bd goui` jdgoad mgqumkhtd` wktb soad oc tbd gurrdht dguadhkgmi

iktdrmturd. Vbdh wd tbdh dxpiord` tbd posskjkiktkds cor bka to dhfmfd kh corami stu`kds cor

m tbdoiofkgmi dfrdd, wd couh` out tbmt tbd gdrtkckgmtds cor bks prdvkous tbdoiofkgmi stu`kds

kh Juram k` hot addt tbd Fdramh rdqukrdadhts cor màksskoh to corami Thkvdrskty stu`kds

wktb tbd purposd oc ojtmkhkhf m dfrdd. Mctdr soad curtbdr dxpiormtkohs wd ksgovdrd`

tbmt tbd Thkvdrskty oc Fimsfow wms occdrkhf m ohd ydmr goursd idm`khf to m Amstdr dfrdd

kh Dguadhkgmi Wtu`kds. Pbdy wdrd prdpmrd` to màkt Zdv` Waktb to tbks goursd.

Pbus, mctdr bmvkhf goapidtd` bks imhfumfd stu`kds kh Jogbua, bd idct cor Fimsfow

to goapidtd tbd rdqukrd` rdsk`dhtkmi stu`kds urkhf ohd mgm`dakg tdra. Bd tbdh rdmgbd`

mh mfrddadht wktb bks m`vksor kh Fimsfow, roc. @mvk`soh, tbmt bd goui` rdturh to Jogbua

cor tbd prdpmrmtkoh oc bks amstdr tbdsks. Kc K rdadajdr gorrdgtiy, bd spdht tbd suaadr

tdra =;24 kh Jogbua worekhf oh bks tbdsks. @urkhf tbdsd aohtbs wd bm crdqudht addtkhfsto ksguss bks wore mh` bd jdgmad pmrt oc tbd froup oc stu`dhts worekhf cor m Amstdr or

@ogtormi dfrdd uh`dr ay supdrvkskoh. K miso rdadajdr bks sdvdrmi vkskts to our bousd

mh` wd stkii bmvd m jdmutkcui pkdgd oc mrt croa Juram wbkgb bd prdsdhtd` to us oh ohd oc




bks imst vkskts to our bousd. K k` hot eddp m corami rdgor` oc mii tbd dfrdd profrmaads

wbkgb K supdrvksd` urkhf tbdsd ydmrs mh` tbdrdcord K o hot rdadajdr tbd topkg oc bks

tbdsks. Bks wore wms ckhmiiy mggdptd` kh Fimsfow mh` mctdr two ydmrs oc stu`kds kh Fdramhy

mh` Wgotimh` bd goui` rdturh to Juram wktb bks tbdoiofkgmi dfrdd kh Dguadhkgmi Wtu`kds.

Vd k` hot bdmr augb croa dmgb otbdr urkhf tbd coiiowkhf ydmrs. Jut wbdh Krdturhd` to Fdhdvm kh =;;7, mctdr bmvkhf jddh didgtd` ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd VGG,

K idmrhd` tbmt Zdv` Waktb bm` admhwbkid mssuad` tbd rdspohskjkikty oc Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry

oc tbd Hmtkohmi Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh Juram. Vbdh bd vksktd` Fdhdvm kh tbks gmpmgkty kh

tbd coiiowkhf ydmrs wd adt mfmkh mh` goui` rdhdw our crkdh`sbkp. @urkhf ay imst ydmr ms

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd VGG K goui` pmy mh occkgkmi vkskt to Juram/Aymhamr ms pmrt oc

m vkskt to sdvdrmi Mskmh gouhtrkds kh Amrgb :>>7. Pbd profrmaad cor tbks ckrst vkskt oc m

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd VGG cor aord tbd :4 ydmrs wms mrrmhfd` jy Zdv` Waktb mh`

bd mggoapmhkd` ad tbroufbout tbd ckvd mys oc tbd vkskt. Oh ohd oc tbd dvdhkhfs bdkhvktd` ad cor khhdr tofdtbdr wktb bks cmakiy mh` K wms vdry bmppy to addt bks imtd wkcd

mh` bks gbki`rdh mjout wboa K bm` bdmr` so augb kh our prdvkous gohtmgts kh Jogbua.

K bmvd miwmys mpprdgkmtd` tbd qukdt wksòa mh` tbd ddp dguadhkgmi goaaktadht

oc Zdv` Waktb. Bd bms fkvdh vdry dtdrakhd` idm`drsbkp to bks gburgb, to tbd Hmtkohmi

Gouhgki, ms wdii ms to tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh Mskm. K cddi prkvkidfd` tbmt K bmvd bm`

tbd opportuhkty to wore wktb bka mh` to dstmjiksb mh dguadhkgmi crkdh`sbkp wktb bka. K

prmy tbmt bks gohtkhud` sdrvkgd ms mh dguadhkgmi idm`dr amy jd rkgbiy jidssd`.




ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Eymw Pbmh

(Pbd tdra ‒Wmym‛ ks m trm`ktkohmi Juradsd tdra admhkhf ‒tdmgbdr‛

mh` kh`kgmtkhf iovd mh` rdspdgt )

@urkhf tbd ydmrs (=;6;-=;20) K bm` tbd prkvkidfd to imuhgb mh dguadhkgmi profrma

cor tbd Gbkh Wtmtd kh Juram. Kt wms gmiid` ’Prmkhkhf Khstktutd cor Gbrkstkmh mrtkgkpmtkoh kh

Hmtkohmi @dvdiopadht‑ PKG KH@.

Pbroufb ohd Goi. Ebuh Hmwhf, tbdh, m adajdr oc tbd Wtmtd Gouhgki, K bm` tbd

opportuhkty to addt tbd @dpuy ^rkad Akhkstdr wbo tbdh wms kh gbmrfd oc hmtkohmi`dvdiopadht pimhs. K wdii rdadajdr bow Goi. Ebuh Hmwhf, m goaakttd` Gbrkstkmh

idm`dr ehdit mh` prmyd` kh bks skttkhf rooa mctdr wd ksgussd` tbd Prmkhkhf Khstktutd imh.

K dsgrkjd` jdcord tbd @dputy rkad Akhkstdr mjout ay dvdiopadht pimhs. Ay pimh

wms to gboosd m rdfkoh kh Juram wbdrd dvdiopadht bm` hot tmedh pimgd. Juram wms

iooed` upoh ms m idmst dvdiopd` hmtkoh kh tbd wori`. Vktb m fdhdrous gohtrkjutkoh croa

@ms @kmeohksgbd Vdre (@@V) croa Fdramhy K cdit gohck`dht to imuhgb m profrma to

gohtrkjutd towmr` tbd sogkmi, dgohoakg mh` goaprdbdhskvd dvdiopadht oc m rdfkoh kh

Juram. K wms id` to cogus oh tbd Gbkh Wtmtd kh tbd hortbwdstdrh crohtkdr rdfkoh oc Juram, jor drkhf Amhkpur iykhf towmr` Kh km. Pbd Gbkh popuimtkoh wms maohf tbd idmst dvdiopd

pdopid kh m gouhtry, iooed` upoh ms adhtkohd` mjovd, tbd idmst dvdiopd` hmtkoh kh tbd

wori`.

Kt wkii jd mpproprkmtd cor ad to kh kgmtd m cdw gohtrkjutkhf cmgtors kh ay prdcdrdhgd

to tbkhe oc tbd Gbkh pdopid cor tbd proldgt to jd imuhgbd`. Ay cmtbdr wms m wdii-ehowh

pdrsoh kh tbd Tppdr Gbkh`wkh Cordst @kvkskoh wbkgb jor`drs tbd Gbkh Wtmtd. Jdgmusd bd

wms ohd oc tbd rmrd Juradsd pdrsohs wbo uh`drstoo` tbd so-gmiid` Vorekhf imhs bd

fot postd` to wore kh tbmt @kvkskoh rdpdmtdìy. Pbdrd wms ohiy m ak`ìd sgbooi cor mhfio-vdrhmguimr dùgmtkoh kh tbd màkhkstrmtkvd bdm`qumrtdrs oc tbmt @kvkskoh. K sdgurd` tbd top

posktkoh kh tbd mgm`dakg stmh`mr` oc tbmt rdfkoh. Bdhgd K wms mwmr`d` tbd so-gmiid`

‒Gbkh`wkh sgboimrsbkp‛ wbkgb tooe gmrd oc ay tuktkoh mh` jomr`khf tbroufb tbd bkfb

sgbooi ydmrs tkii ay amtrkguimtkoh. Kt wms ohiy m samii pogedt aohdy tbmt K hdd`d` cor ay

pmrdhts to sdh` ad dmgb aohtb. Pbmt sgboimrsbkp mh` ay cmtbdr‛s postkhf kh tbmt @kvkskoh

rdimtd` ad to tbd Tppdr Gbkh`wkh Zkvdr mrdm mh` am`d ad mwmrd oc tbd Gbkh trkjmi

pdopid maohf wboa ay cmtbdr wored` mh` wktb wboa K gohstmhtiy akxd` mt tbmt tkad.

Vbdh K wdht to stu`y mctdr amtrkguimtkoh, K adt ohd T Wua Amhf, tbd soh oc tbd Gbkh

Gbkdc oc \mbmu trkjd (m proakhdht Gbkh froup) mh` wd jdgmad vdry giosd crkdh`s. Bks

jrotbdrs mh otbdr Gbkh stu dhts miso jdgmad ay goarm ds. Pbks crkdh sbkp imstd` tbroufb

uhkvdrskty mys mh` gohtkhuds dvdh wbdh wd mrd cmr mwmy croa ohd mhotbdr kh kstmht

gouhtrkds.




Pbks iohf prdcmgd ks to uh`drikhd ay spdgkmi crkdhìy rdimtkohs wktb Gbkhs mh` miso

tbd rdmsoh cor ay prdcdrdhgd to imuhgb tbd @dvdiopadht Khstktutd mh` rofrma cor tbd

Gbkh pdopid. Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf jdiohfs to m youhfdr fdhdrmtkoh oc Gbkh

stu`dhts.

Jut K fot to ehow bka mh` bm` tbd loy to goaadh` bka cor curtbdr stu`kds khFdramhy wbdrd bd wms rdm`kiy rdgdkvd` jy ay dguadhkgmi mh` mgm`dakg crkdh`s. Bd fot

tbd dqukvmidht oc m Amstdr‛s dfrdd mh` gmad jmge to sdrvd jotb kh Juram Wtu`dht

Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht mh` tbd Hmtkohmi Dguadhkgmi Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Pbd pbyskgmi

jmsd oc bks sdrvkgd wms mt @r. Bim Ju Adaorkmi Gdhtdr hdxt to tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh

Gdhtdr, miohf tbd cmaous ’^ymy Zom`‛ opposktd Lu`soh Gburgb, wdii-ehowh cor kts bkfb

towdr, mh` iogmtkoh cor worsbkp mh` mgtkvktkds oc tbd mgm`dakg goaauhktkds surrouh`khf

kt. Oh oggmskohs, Lu`soh Gburgb goui` mggoaao`mtd mjout m tbousmh` worsbkppdrs

goaprksd` oc stu`dhts, frmùmtds, cmguity adajdrs mh` cmakikds iohf gohhdgtd` wktb tbduhkvdrskty goiidfds surrouh`khf kt.

Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf bms jddh pmrt oc tbd pmstormi tdma sdrvkhf Lu`soh

Gburgb. M wboid sdrkds oc suggdsskoh oc pmstors bm` sdrvd` tbd gohfrdfmtkoh dvdh jdcord

tbd rmtbdr imrfd gbmpdi wms drdgtd` kh =;7:. Pbd Gburgb mh` tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Gdhtdr

bmvd jddh tbd iogmtkoh cor worsbkp mh` mgtkvktkds cor mii tbdsd ydmrs, mh` rdgdhtiy urkhf

tbd imst wdde oc Ogtojdr :>=: tbdsd jdgmad tbd sdttkhf cor gdidjrmtkoh oc tbd Gdhtdhhkmi

oc Juram Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht. @urkhf tbmt tkad Zdv` Waktb wms tbd ohiy Lu`soh

Gburgb pmstor prdsdht to lokh kh ojsdrvmtkoh oc tbd gdhtdhhkmi, ms tbd otbdr pmstors wdrdmwmy proaotkhf mh` rmkskhf cuh`s cor tbd gdidjrmtkoh oc tbd two buh`rd`tb mhhkvdrsmry oc

tbd mrrkvmi kh Juram oc Mòhkrma Lu`soh wktb bks wkcd Mhh Bmssditkhd kh Luiy =2=7.

Kh ay pdrsohmi opkhkoh, Zdv` Waktb ks wdii pimgd` kh tbmt bd bms goad croa tbd

Gbkh trkjmi froup ehowh kh bkstory cor kts goaaktadht to tbd soik mrkty oc tbd Juradsd hmtkoh.

Otbdr trkjmi froups bm` trkd` to ckh` wmys oc sdfrdfmtkhf croa amkhimh` Juram mh` tbd

amlorkty Juramh sdgtor. Pbd Gbkhs miso cora tbd dtbhkg froup wbkgb bm` frdmtiy mggdptd`

tbd fospdi, ms mjout ;>% oc tbd bkfbimh` Gbkhs jdiohf to tbd Jmptkst Gburgb oc Juram.

K amy m`` m pdrsohmi hotd to tbks. Vbdh K wms worekhf out to kapidadht tbd dvdiopadht

profrma maohf tbda K wms msed` to jrkhf tbd adssmfd ohd Wuh`my. Kt wms mt Bmebm, tbd

gmpktmi gkty oc Gbkh Wtmtd. Vorsbkp wms kh tbd gkty bmii. Kt wms cuii. Pbd fmiidry wms miso

cuii mh` ms K iooed` up croa tbd puipkt K wms jdfkhhkhf to cddi mcrmk` tbmt tbd fmiidry akfbt

goiimpsd uh`dr tbd wdkfbt oc tbd worsbkppdrs grow`khf out oh tbd fmiidry mjovd tbd

gohfrdfmtkoh jdiow !

Kh tbd skx mh` bmic dgm`ds oc bks ikcd, Zdv` Waktb, skhgd bks amturkty, bm` sdrvd`

kh kccdrdht coras oc Gbrkstkmh akhkstry (k.d. maohf tbd uhkvdrskty goaauhktkds ms wdii ms

tbd gohfrdfmtkoh oc Lu`soh Gburgb). Kt ks ay skhgdrd wksb tbmt tbd Ior` wboa bd sdrvds

wkii gohtkhud to jidss bka wktb strdhftb, bdmitb mh` wksòa so tbmt tbd fdhdrmtkohs tbmt

wkii coiiow amy sdd bka ms m jdmgoh cor tbdkr owh spkrktumi lourhdy.




A[ PZKJTPD PO ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Imi Pkh Brd

K cddi K ma so rdiugtmht to rdgdkvd m ekh` khvktmtkoh to wrktd m trkjutd to Zdv.

Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf, to jd pujiksbd` kh bohor oc bks 34tb mhhkvdrsmry. K bm` ehowh

bka jy rdputmtkoh ms Wmym Waktb cor amhy ydmrs jdcord K wms prkvkidfd` to addt bka

pdrsohmiiy. K bm` ohiy ehowh tbmt bd sdrvd` tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG)

ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry. Vor`s oc mpprdgkmtkoh mh` màkrmtkoh mjout Zdv. Waktb miso rdmgbd`

ad croa amhy pdopid wbo ehow mjout bka mh` bks akhkstry kh AGG. Jdcord K rmw

soad cdw ikhds oc trkjutd amy K pkhpokht soad oggmskohs mjout bow K wms cortuhmtd to

bmvd am`d pdrsohmi gohtmgt wktb Zdv. Waktb.

Kh :>>:, K fot m gbmhgd to addt bka pdrsohmiiy mt bks occkgd, bmvkhf jddh jroufbt

tbdrd jy ohd oc our cdiiow rdsjytdrkmh pmstors jy tbd hmad Zdv. Hfmkb Wm Suhf wbo

pimhhd` to stu`y kh tbd Thktd` Wtmtds cor bks Amstdr oc Pbdoiofy dfrdd. Bd bm` jroufbt

m idttdr oc rdqudst croa tbd Màkhkstrmtkvd Wdgrdtmry oc tbd rdsjytdrkmh Gburgb oc Aymhamr

msekhf ckhmhgkmi bdip cor Zdv. Suhf‛s mkrcmrd. Zdv. Waktb wms so jusy bd goui` hot spdh`

tkad wktb bka kh bks occkgd. [dt wktbkh m cdw aohtbs tkad, Zdv. Suhf fot m posktkvd rdpiy

croa Zdv. Waktb tbmt tbd rdqudst wms mpprovd`.

Mhotbdr oggmskoh K stkii rdadajdr wbdh K smt tofdtbdr wktb Zdv. Waktb wms dmriy

kh :>>0 mt tbd Dxdgutkvd Goaakttdd addtkhf oc MPDA. Pbd Bkfbdr Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh

Goaakttdd (BPD) bms sdt up m ruid cor ogtormi mppikgmhts kh wbkgb ohd oc tbd grktdrkm

rdm`, ’M ogtormi mppikgmht aust jd mjout 0> ydmrs oi` ‑. K wms ohd oc tbd mppikgmhts,

mh` tbd youhfdst ohd mt 07 ydmrs oi`. Pbd BPD addtkhf vkdwd` mii tbd mppikgmtkohs mh`

`dgk`d` tbmt mii tbd mppikgmhts wdrd hot dikfkjid cor ogtormi stu`kds jdgmusd oc our mfd.

Pbd kssud wms ksgussd` sdrkousiy kh tbd DG addtkhf. Woad adajdrs, khgiu`khf Zdv.

Waktb, strohfiy proposd` rd`dckhkhf tbd wor` ’mjout.‑Pbd ruid ckhmiiy wms madh`d`

to ’croa mjout 0> ydmrs‑ ’to 04 ydmrs‑. Pbdh K wms dikfkjid to fo cor m ògtormi

profrma kh Iutbdrmh Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry, Bohf Eohf tbroufb MPDA gbmhhdi.

@urkhf ay mys kh tbd Iutbdrmh Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry, K gohtkhud` to eddp kh

tougb wktb Zdv. Waktb mh` khcorad` bka mjout ay ikcd, dspdgkmiiy kh soad spdgkmi dvdhts




= ^dtdr Jioge, Pbd Dapowdrd` Amhmfdr (Wmh Crmhgksgo< Lossdy Jmss, =;;=), =:7.: @ohmi` E. AgEka, Vdstakhstdr oc @kgtkohmry oc Pbdoiofkgmi Pdras (Edhtugedy<

Vdstakhstdr Lobh Ehox ^rdss, =;;3), 23.

K cmgd` kh rdimtd` to ay stu`kds. K wms miwmys bmppy to rdgdkvd bks wor`s oc mpprdgkmtkoh

mh` dhgourmfdadht.

Wkhgd tbd tkad K lokhd` tbd MPDA occkgd kh Mprki :>>;, Zdv. Waktb jdgmad ohd oc

ay khtkamtd goiidmfuds, tboufb K strohfiy rdfmr`d` bka ms ay adhtor mh` m cmtbdr-iked

ckfurd kh ay akhkstry kh MPDA. Vd miso wored tofdtbdr kh Jdtbmhy Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry,Jofohd-Khsdkh oh m pmrt tkad jmsks. Ms m rdsuit tbmt K bm` aord tkad to spdh` wktb bka

mh` idmrhd` amhy tbkhfs croa bka.

K o hot bmvd augb ehowid`fd mjout bks cuii jkofrmpby jut idt ad dsgrkjd

soad oc ay kaprdsskohs mjout Zdv. Waktb skhgd ay ckrst addtkhf wktb bka.

Wkapid Ikvkhf, bkfbiy tbkhekhf< Pbd ckrst kaprdsskoh K rdgdkvd croa Zdv. Waktb‛s ikcd

mh` wore ks gmpturd` kh mh Dhfiksb smykhf, ’Wkapid Ikvkhf, bkfbiy tbkhekhf‑. Ms cmr ms

K sdd bka, Zdv. Waktb hdvdr fdt khvoivd` kh m ikcd oc prdtdhsd or iuxury. Khstdm`, bks rdssks vdry skapid, mh` bks ikcdstyid ks pimkh mh` krdgt. Kt sddas to ad tbmt bd ks mh dhday oc

tbd ostdhtmtkous, tbd poapous, tbd gohtrkvd` mh` tbd hddìdssiy goapikgmtd`. Zdv. Waktb

sdt m foo` dxmapid oc sdrvmhtboo` to bks goiidmfuds mh` bks gburgb. Oh tbd ohd bmh`,

Zdv. Waktb‛s wmy oc tbkhekhf ks bkfb, `ddp mh` wk`d. Bks idm`drsbkp dpdh`s oh tbd

‒jkfhdss‛ oc bks vkskoh, m vkskoh tbmt khgiu`ds cordskfbt ms wdii ms khskfbt. dtdr Jioge‛s hotd

oh tbd loj oc idm`dr ks sddh kh tbd ikcd oc Zdv. Waktb wbdh bd smys, ’Pbd idm`dr‛s loj ks to

dikgkt tbmt vkskoh mh` miiow kt to gohtrkjutd to tbd orfmhkzmtkoh's vkskoh oc toaorrow‑.=

Foo` Adaory< K bmvd jddh ddpiy kaprdssd` jy tbd uhgmhhy adaory oc Zdv. Waktb.

Bd wms miwmys mjid to rdadajdr tbd mtds, pimgds oc addtkhfs mh` tbd ckhmi dgkskohs oh

vmrkous kssuds, hot ohiy mjout amttdrs rdimtd` to AGG jut miso kh otbdr sdgtors wbdrd bd

wms khvoivd`. K stkii rdadajdr ohgd wbdh K wms toi` jy ay pmstormi tbdoiofy procdssor

wbo smk` tbmt ’m pmstor sboui` try to rdadajdr mt idmst tbd hmads oc kaportmht pdrsohs kh

tbd gohfrdfmtkoh. Kc you mrd hot foo` kh adaorkzmtkoh, tbdh pidmsd eddp m samii hotd

jooe kh or`dr to gmii tbda kh tbdkr hmads.‑ Zdv. Waktb ks mh outstmh`khf amh kh tbks mrdm.

Dguadhkgmi spkrkt< Pbd tdra dguadhksa admhs mh` dajrmgds tbd ‒’wboid bousdboi`‑

oc Fo`. Kt gohgdrhs mii gburgbds mh` tbdkr rdimtkohsbkp wktb dmgb otbdr ms wdii ms tbd

rdimtkohsbkp oc Gbrkstkmhkty mh` otbdr cmktbs.: Ms Zdv. Waktb ks ohd oc tbd proùgts oc

Jossdy Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd, Wwktzdrimh`, bks trmkhkhf kh Jossdy dqukppd` bka tboroufbiy

kh tbd spkrkt oc dguadhksa. Bd ks truiy m ’amh oc Jossdy.‑ @ksgrkakhmtkoh hdvdr gbmrmgtdrkzd

bks akhkstry wbdtbdr kh tdras oc dhoakhmtkohmi jmgefrouh`, dtbhkgkty, or fdh`dr kssuds

tbroufbout bks akhkstry kh AGG mh` jdyoh`.




7 Kjk`. , :6;.0 Pbd hmad oc tbd hdtwore bms jddh gbmhfd` croa Cour Jo`kds Hdtwore to Aymhamr

Gbrkstkmh Corua skhgd :>==.

Bd ks ohd oc tbd idm khf cmtbdrs kh tbd lourhdy oc dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh Aymhamr,

mh` ks ckt to wore kh tbd occkgd oc AGG wbkgb ks tbd ohiy dguadhkgmi jo`y kh tbd gouhtry.

Bks iohf sdrvkgd kh Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mh` tbd rmpk` dvdiopadht oc kccdrdht

`dpmrtadhts uh`dr tbd uajrdiim oc AGG mrd foo` dvk`dhgd oc bks dguadhkgmi spkrkt. K

woui` hot jd wrohf to stmtd tbmt Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds dvdiopd` to kts prdsdhtstmfd kh imrfd admsurd Ugoui` mjid to rdmgb tbks stmfdQ jdgmusd oc tbd sekicui mh` mjid

idm`drsbkp oc Zdv. Waktb croa =;6; ms @krdgtor oc Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp (TGC)

mh` ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc AGG uhtki :>>4.

Pbdoiofkmh< M Zdcorad` tbdoiofkmh @ohmi` E. AgEka dckhds ’tbdoiofkmh‑ ms ’Ohd

wbo ods tbdoiofy or ameds tbdoiofkgmi stmtdadhts‑.7 Kc tbks dckhktkoh ks gorrdgt, Zdv.

Waktb‛s dhoraous tbdoiofkgmi gohtrkjutkohs jdmr wkthdss tbmt bd ks m frdmt tbdoiofkmh. K

stkii rdadajdr ohd oc bks tbdoiofkgmi stmtdadhts croa bks gioskhf spddgb mt tbd ckrstGohsuitmtkoh oh Gbrkstkmh Idm`drsbkp kh Aymhamr Gohtdxt cor tbd Aksskoh kh tbd

:=st Gdhtury, m gohsuitmtkoh lokhtiy spohsord` jy tbd ’Cour Jo`kds Hdtwore‑0 (Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, Mssogkmtkoh cor Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr, Aymhamr

Dvmhfdikgmi Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp mh` Aymhamr Gbrkst‛s Aksskoh Goopdrmtkoh), bdi` croa

=:-=4 @dgdajdr :>>7 mt Prm`drs Botdi. Pbdrd bd smk`, ’Our (Gbrkstkmh) cmktb ks hot mh

kh kvk umi cmktb, rmtbdr, kt ks m cmktb oc goaauhkty trmhsakttd croa ohd fdhdrmtkoh to mhotbdr‑.

Bow trud ks bks tbdoiofkgmi stmtdadht!!

M foo` huajdr oc bks tbdoiofkgmi mrtkgids mh` khtroùgtory hotds mh` prdcmgds(or prdcmgd) kh amhy pujikgmtkohs gidmriy jdtoedh tbmt Zdv. Waktb ks m frdmt tbdoiofkmh.

K gohskstdhtiy mpprdgkmtd` bks khtroùgtkohs mh` prdcmgds to amhy jooes jdgmusd bd

wms mjid to iogmtd prdgksdiy tbd gord adssmfd oc tbd jooes bd khtroùgd`.

M amh oc cmktb mh` amturd kh spkrktumikty< ’Cmktb‑ mggor`khf to Bdj. == ks goaposd`

oc tbd gord trmkts oc Gbrkstkmh ikcd sugb ms, mssurmhgd oc tbkhfs bopd` cor, tbd gohvkgtkoh

oc tbkhfs hot sddh (v. =), buajid ikvkhf (v. :0), khtdfrkty (v. :4), vkskoh (v. :4),

`dgkskvdhdss (v. :6), ojd`kdhgd (v. :2) mh` rdspohskjkikty (v. :;). Zdv. Waktb‛s ikcd mh`

wore bmvd jddh dxdapikckd` jy tbdsd gbmrmgtdrkstkgs oc cmktb. Bd miso ks m amh oc prmydr,

dhloys kh tmiekhf wktb Fo` kh dvdry rdmia oc bks ikcd. Bks prmydr gohgdrhs wdrd hdvdr

gohckhd` to bks owh wkii mh` hdd`s jut miwmys dxtdh`d` to mii oc Fo`‛s mh` kts hdd`s.

Ohd oc ay grktdrkm cor m spkrktumi pdrsoh ks ‒tbd iovd oc tbd grdmtkoh mh` tbd vkskjid

gburgb.‛ K goapmrd tbd spkrktumikty oc Zdv. Waktb to tbd spkrktumikty oc Crmhgks oc Mssksk

(==2=/2:-=::3) wbo to`my ks rdgofhkzd` ms mh dmriy ‒smkht oc dgoiofy‛. Vbkid soad

coras oc spkrktumikty mrd strohfiy wori`-rdhouhgkhf, Wt. Crmhgks smw tbd grdmtkoh ms m




4 Wkaoh Gbmh, Wpkrktumi Pbdoiofy< M Wystdamtkg Wtu`y oc tbd Gbrkstkmh Ikcd (@owhdrs

Frovd< Khtdr-Smrskty ^rdss, =;;2), =2>.3 Mikstdr D. AgFrmtb, Gbrkstkmh Wpkrktumikty (Oxcor`< Jimgewdii ûjiksbkhf, =;;;), =>6.

fdhukhd fkct oc Fo` to jd gbdrksbd`, jut k` hot sdde to possdss tbd fkcts oc grdmtkoh

sdicksbiy. Crmhgks rmtbdr bohord` grdmturds jy m``rdsskhf tbda ms ’Jrotbdr Wuh‑, ’Wkstdr

Aooh‑, mh` ’Aotbdr Dmrtb‑.4 Zdv. Waktb‛s ikcd oc prmydr, ad`ktmtkoh, spkrktumi ksgkpikhds

mh` tbd khtkamtd rdimtkohsbkp wktb otbdr pdopid mh` tbd wori` mrd proocs oc bks amturkty kh

spkrktumi ikcd.

Bks Wdrdhkty mh` m ikcd oc skidhgd< Mhotbdr kaprdsskoh K rdgdkvd croa tbd ikcd mh` wmy

oc Zdv. Waktb ks bks sdrdhkty mh` m ikcd oc skidhgd. Ho buamh jdkhf ks crdd croa kcckguitkds,

bmr`sbkps, trmfd`y mh` akscortuhds. Jut tbdsd mredr rdmiktkds mrd khsdpmrmjiy m pmrt oc

tbd wboid spdgtrua oc tbd buamh goh`ktkoh, jotb jm` mh` foo`. Mii buamh jdkhfs

rdpdmtdìy cmgd vmrkous ekh`s oc trkmis mh` mccikgtkohs. K ma surd tbmt Zdv. Waktb miso bms

hot jddh dxdaptd` Uks hot crddQ croa sugb ekh` oc dajmrrmssadhts mh` trkmis. Amhy

sdtjmges mh` succdrkhfs woui` bmvd jddh m pmrt oc bks ikcd‛s lourhdy. Bowdvdr, bks sdrdhktymh` skidhgd wbdh cmgkhf kcckguit tkads stoo` ms m foo` dxmapid cor otbdr Gbrkstkmhs wbo

bmvd jddh cmgkhf skakimr projidas. Bd edpt mpproprkmtdiy qukdt kh tkads kh wbkgb bd akfbt

bmvd spoedh out. Kh skidhgd bd ikstdhd` rmtbdr to tbd vokgd oc Fo`. Mikstdr D. AgFrmtb

rkfbtiy smk`, ’Wkidhgd bms jddh oc amlor kaportmhgd wktbkh Gbrkstkmh spkrktumikty, hot idmst

jdgmusd kt ikjdrmtds tbd akh` mh` tbd kamfkhmtkoh to cogus mh` gdhtdr oh Fo`‛s ikvkhf

prdsdhgd‑.3 Pbks ks wbmt Zdv. Waktb ods!

Kh gohgiuskoh, K ddpiy mpprdgkmtd tbd wksd mrrmhfdadht to bohor Zdv. Waktb

Hfuib \m Pbmwhf wbo ks wortby to jd fkvdh bohour mh` rdgofhktkoh upoh rdmgbkhftbd mfd oc 34 ydmrs. Pbks ks ay skhgdrd prmydr cor Zdv. Waktb‛s rdamkhkhf ydmrs<

’Amy tbd Ior` eddp Zdv. Waktb smcdiy, frmht bka foo` bdmitb, dhrkgb bks ikcd, idt bka

gohtkhud to jd m jidsskhf cor otbdrs, mh` auitkpiy bks foo` dd`s mh` goaaktadhts

to stmh` ms dxmapids cor tbd fdhdrmtkohs to goad‑.




JTZAM EMIDK@OWGO^D< WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

KHPZO@TGDW MH THCOI@KHF A[MHAMZ PM^DWPZ[

Imhgd Voo`rucc

Wkx mys to vkskt m gouhtry K bm` hot dxpdrkdhgd`. Bow goui` K fdt m gidmr vkdw oc

mhytbkhf. Juram, hot ydt Aymhamr, wms m gohcusd` mrrmy oc dtbhkg froups mh` jroedh-

hdss. Iked m ohgd jdmutkcui vmsd wbkgb cdii mh` sbmttdrd` khto ayrkm` pkdgds, mii sbmrp-

d`fd`. Mjid to wouh`. [dt…

K gmad to Zmhfooh mh` Amh`mimy kh =;6= cor M@ Amfmzkhd (pujiksbd` jy tbd

Thktd` Gburgb oc Gbrkst, wbkgb goaaksskohd` Mòhkrma Lu`soh jdcord bd jdgmad Jmptkst

mh` tbd rdsjytdrkmh Gburgb). Pbks id` ad to addt Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf mt

tbd TGC Gbmpdi mt Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty.

Pbd Iusbmk rdsjytdrkmh Gburgb id` jy Zdv. Imi Zmwhf Jmwim msed` ad to

prdmgb mt Wt. Fmjrkdi‛s Gohfrdfmtkohmi Gburgb. K spoed oc ay bk khf croa, sddekhf, mh`

ikstdhkhf to Fo`, oc wore wktb Juramhs sugb ms T Pbmuhf Pkh oc tbd [AGM kh Wmkfoh

mh` T Eymw Pbmh oc tbd Dmst Mskm Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd, mh` ms mh mttdaptkhf Gbrkstkmh

kh Mcrkgm, kh Skdthma, Imos mh` Pbmkimh`. Zdv. Lobh Pbdt Fyk oc tbd Juram Gbrkstkmh

Gouhgki opdhd` oors to Zdv`. Waktb.

Kh Pbmkimh K wored cor tbd Mskmh Khstktutd oc Pdgbhoiofy mh stu`dhts ‗ rotdstmht

mh` Gmtboikg, Ju``bkst mh` Ausika - wdrd wdigoad kh ay boad. Ms m stu`dht mt

^rdsjytdrkmh-rdimtd` Amgmidstdr Goiidfd K wms mgtkvd kh stu`dht cdiiowsbkp. K wms m

crdsbamh wbdh m sdhkor, Eock Mhhmh, m`vksd` ad to frow jdyoh` ay ak`ìd-gimss wbktd

ikjdrmi rmgksa to stu`y kh Mcrkgm mh` idmrh hot to cdmr pdopid oc goiour. Fokhf to wore mt

tbd Thktd` Hmtkohs, Ar. Mhhmh khvktd` ad (mh` =4>> otbdr stu`dhts), to addt Kh`km‛s

Lmwmbmrimi Hdbru kh Hovdajdr =;3=, tbd wdde tbmt Juram‛s T Pbmht jdgmad Mgtkhf

Wdgrdtmry Fdhdrmi.

Coiiowkhf bks m`vkgd K wdht to Mcrkgm, ikvkhf wktb pdopid oc vmrkd` rdikfkohs, rmgds

mh guiturds. Mctdrwmr kh =;34, mt Thkvdrskty oc Porohto Skdthma dvdht m Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh

Cd`drmtkoh crkdh` msed` ad to gohsk`dr wore kh Mskm cor jotb Madrkgmh mh` Gmhm`kmh

gburgbds, kh m Skdthma tbmt wms mirdm`y ddpiy kh wmr, wktb ktsdic mh` wktb Madrkgm.Pbmt

lourhdy, tbmt vogmtkoh, gmrrkd` ad to Juram, wbdrd Zdv. Jmwim smk` K aust addt Wmym

Waktb mt tbd Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp Gbmpdi kh Amh`mimy.




Ms m youhf rdsjytdrkmh K bm` hot bdmr` oc Mòhkrma Lu`soh, jut ms mh Madrkgmh

^rdsjytdrkmh uh`drstoo` tbmt pujikg pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbd poiktkgmi progdss wms pmrt oc ay

rdspohskjid gktkzdhsbkp, mh` jdcord Fo`. K tbkhe to`my tbmt Lu`soh‛s vkskoh gohtkhuds to

kapmgt tbd cuturd oc Aymhamr, hot kh tbd idmst tbroufb vkskohmrkds sugb ms Wmym Waktb.

Kh =;3; tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht kh tbd Thktd` Wtmtds gdmsd` to dxksts, kh pmrt ud to tbd poiktkgs oc tbd wmr kh Skdthma, tbd wk`dhkhf kvk`d jdtwddh so-gmiid`

‒ikjdrmi‛ or ‒dvmhfdikgmi‛ gburgbds.

Jut tbd imh` wbkgb wms ohgd gmiid` Juram opdhd` kts oors cor rdcufdds croa

Kh`km mh` croa Khògbkhm, croa Mssma, Imos mh` Skdthma. Zdv Jmwim dakfrmtd` croa

Mssma, gmad to idm` Juram‛s Iusbmk rdsjytdrkmh Gburgb.

Vbdh K adt Waktb K smw m amh wbo stoo` out croa tbd otbdrs. K smw m amh oc

qukdt mgtkoh kh syapmtby wktb stu`dhts, kaadrsd kh tdmgbkhf, idm khf, idmrhkhf, jdcrkdh khf

mh` sbdpbdr`khf uhkvdrskty stu`dhts. Iked m sguiptor, to bdipd` sbmpd stu`dhts, bdipd` tbda k`dhtkcy mh` rdgofhkzd tbdasdivds mh` tbdkr vogmtkohs kh Fo`‛s dyds. Wtu`dhts iked

ay crkdh` Zdv` m Hk Amuhf kh Jmhfeoe.

Wurrouh`d` jy stu`dhts, youhf adh mh` woadh croa vmrkd` dtbhkg goaauhktkds,

tbdy dxdapikckd` augb oc wbmt tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht bm` goad to admh cor

ad. Kh addtkhf Wmym Waktb K smw kh bka m soui amtd.

Zdv`. Waktb mppdmrd` to rdgofhkzd mh` hurturd spmres oc tbd spkrkt, kh otbdrs.

Iked tbd youhf Mòhkrma Lu`soh ms m stu`dht kh Hdw Dhfimh`, bd sddad` to sdd ho

khbdrdht jouh`mrkds jdtwddh tbd roids oc ‒stu`dht‛ mh` ‒mùit‛, kh tbd uhkvdrskty, kh tbdgburgb, kh sogkdty. Ju``bksts mh` Ausikas too mrd jrotbdrs mh` skstdrs.

Hdktbdr Zdv. Waktb‛s pdrsohmi bkstory hor bks wore wms tbdh ehowh to ad, jut

ydmrs imtdr wbdh K wored` cor tbd Thktd` Hmtkohs, K adt Waktb mfmkh, mt Gbrkst Gburgb,

Jmhfeoe, m grossrom`s oh tbd wmy to Aymhamr. Waktb frddtd` ad, jut K wms coffy. Bd

gmiid` ad jy hmad :> ydmrs mctdr wd bm` imst adt!

Kh Waktb K sdd m amh hot ohiy oc adaory jut oc vkskoh, oc kamfkhmtkoh, mh` oc

mgtkoh. Mh k`dmikst wbo sdds tbd Fo`-fkvdh kvdrskty oc otbdrs.

M@ Amfmzkhd wms dmfdr to addt mh kh`kfdhous gburgb wbkgb bm` jddh pimhtd`

mh` tmedh root wktbout wdstdrh aksskohmrkds. K bm` stu`kd` tbd aksskohmry kapuisd

mh` aksskohs ‗ khgiu`khf Jmptkst, Gohfrdfmtkohmi, Adtbo`kst, rdsjytdrkmh mh` Mhfikgmh

mt Wtohy okht hdmr Hdw [ore Gkty, worekhf wktb otbdr aksskohmry trmkhdds ms m prksoh

gbmpimkh. K wrotd oh aksskohmrkds cor tbd =;6>s (wbdh tbmt admht tbd cuturd!).

Kh Juram wms gurkous to sdd m gburgb wktbout aksskohmrkds. Kh =;36 wbdh K ckrst

adt T Eymw Pbmh, bd khvktd` ad to vkdw tbd goapidxkty oc Mskm. Kh m sdhsd tbd mrg bd

`rdw croa ad tbd wms gohtkhud` jy Wmym Waktb, to ay ckrst cuii-gkrgid kh Mskm - kh Mssma

wbdh K, m Gbrkstkmh lokhd` mh Kh`kmh crkdh`, m Bkhù, mt m bkiitop Bkhù tdapid ovdriooekhf

Fuwmbmtk. Vd prmyd` kh tbd hdw ydmr mak` kstmht ckrdwores tbmt rdakh`d` ad oc jmttid.

Pdh ydmrs mfo K tmufbt kh [mhfoh kh m amkhiy Ausika khtdrhmtkohmi sgbooi, octdh

vksktkhf Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy mh` ay crkdh` Zdv. Waktb. K sdd bka how ms ohd oc




Fo`‛s mrtksts, iked Zusskmh mrtkst Amre Gbmfmi, m amh wbo tooe uhskfbtiy mh` mhfdrous

sbmr`s oc sbmttdrd` fimss mh` grmctd` tbda khto m jdmutkcui gmtbd`rmi wkhòw kh Crmhgd,

wbdrd mhfdr mh` kccdrdhgd goad tofdtbdr, addt, provk`khf jdmutdous gbmhhdis oc Fo`‛s

ikfbt khto tbd mrehdss oc our mkiy ikvds.




PBD PDMZ OC ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

(KGOH OC AMZM GBTZGB THKCKGMPKOH)

BKW GOHPZKJTPKOH PO AMZM DSMHFDIKGMI GBTZGB

I. J Wkmam

Kt wms kh =;2; (rkfbt mctdr hmtkoh-wk`d daohstrmtkoh) tbmt K ckrst adt Zdv. Waktb

Hfuib \m Pbmwhf. Ms m J.Pb stu`dht croa Amrm gburgb mt AKP, our gburgb idm`dr k`

mppiy sgboimrsbkp croa Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, mh` K wms frmgd` to jd ohd oc tbd

rdgkpkdhts. Pbd Zdv. Waktb ohd rmkhy my gmad to AKP to fkvd ad tbmt sgboimrsbkp. Mt

tbmt tkad K k` hot ehow wbo bd wms. Mctdr rdgdkvkhf sgboimrsbkp, K rdqudstd` bka to bmvd

tdm tofdtbdr jut bd rdpikd` ad, ’Ho, tbmhe, K bm` mirdm`y.‑ Croa tbdh ohwmr` K bmp-

pdhd` to addt bka. Ohd my bd wms khvktd` to spdme mt AKP prmydr my, K stkii rdadajdr

bks adssmfd wms ’samii ks jdmutkcui.‑ K imtdr goad to ehow tbmt bks adssmfd oh ’Wamii

ks Jdmutkcui‑ ks hohd otbdr tbmh bks stmh` to sk`d wktb tbd samii, tbd idmst mh` tbd owh-

tro``dh to upfrm`d, proaotd mh` bdip so tbmt tbd samii amy miso goad up miohf wktb tbd

jkf mh` tbd strohf.

K màkrd Zdv. Waktb cor bks bohdsty, buakikty, skhgdrkty, pdrsohmikty mh` stmjkikty kh

bks gmrddr. Bd spdmes siowiy mh` iowiy jut tboufbtcuiiy mh` tboroufbiy, hdvdr bmrakhf or

occdh`khf hdkfbjors. K hotkgd tbmt wbkid bd wms sdrvkhf Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds ms

fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry, tbd oor oc bks occkgd wms miwmys giosd` jut miwmys cuii oc vksktors

qudukhf outsk`d mh` khsk`d wmktkhf to addt bka.

K ma vdry fim` to bmvd tbks foi`dh gbmhgd to bohor Zdv. Waktb tbroufb tbks mrtkgid.

Bks gohtrkjutkoh to Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb mh` Amrm Goaauhkty gmhhot jd cuiiy

`dsgrkjd` bdrd. Maohf amhy, bks frdmtdst gohtrkjutkoh to tbd Amrm Gburgb ks bks

gohtrkjutkoh to tbd uhkckgmtkoh oc two Amrm gburgbds ‗ hmadiy, Amrm Kh`dpdh`dht

Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb (AKDG) mh` Amrm Kh`dpdh`dht Gburgb (AKG). Pbdsd two succdrd`

gburgb spikt cor =3 ydmrs. Jdgmusd oc tbd tdmr oc Zdv. Waktb, tbdsd two gburgbds adrfd`

kh =;26. Jdgmusd oc bks gohtrkjutkoh, bd ks ehowh ms KGOH OC AMZM GBTZGB

THKCKGMPKOH kh our Amrm goaauhkty. Bks tdmr sbd` cor us gmhhot jd corfottdh. Our

adaory oc tbks tdmr gmhhot jd didtd` croa tbd bmr` kse oc tbd Amrm gburgb. Pbus K

woui` iked to bohor bka ms KGOH OC PBD AMZM GBTZGB THKCKGMPKOH. Pbd

tdmr oc Zdv. Waktb ohgd sbd` bms jddh stkii spdmekhf to our Amrm gburgbds to`my.




M Jrkdc bkstory oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb

Pbd Amrm ks ohd oc tbd dtbhkg froups ikvkhf kh Gbkh Wtmtd, Aymhamr mh kh Akzorma

Wtmtd, Hortbdmst Kh`km. Kh tbd dmriy pdrko`, Amrm wms ehowh to tbd outsk`d wori` ms

Amrm, Imebdr, Wbdhù or Wbmhù, Amrkhf, \yu or \bo, Piosmk, Ebohfzmk, dtg., jut tbdy

gmiid` tbdasdivds Amrm, admhkhf soutbdrhdr wbo aovds croa tbd Hortb to tbd Woutbkh sdmrgb oc frddh pmsturd mh` cdrtkid imh`.

Jdcord tbd Kh`dpdh`dhgd oc Kh`km kh =;06, mh` oc Aymhamr kh =;02, tbd Amrmimh`

wms ruid` jy tbd Jrktksb. Bowdvdr, mctdr tbd kh`dpdh`dhgd oc tbdsd two gouhtrkds, tbd

Amrmimh` wms poiktkgmiiy kvk`d` khto two pmrts ‗ Kh`km Amrmimh` mh` Aymhamr Amrmimh`5

tbus ruid` rdspdgtkvdiy jy kccdrdht fovdrhadhts - Kh`km mh` Aymhamr.

Dmst Amrmimh` (Aymhamr Amrmimh`) ks iogmtd` kh tbd hortbwdstdrh sktd oc tbd

Thkoh oc Juram. Kt ks jor`drd` jy Amtu mh` \otuhf kh tbd dmst5 Bmem mh` Pbmhftimhf kh

tbd hortb5 Vdst Amrmimh` mh` Jmhfim`dsb kh tbd wdst5 mh` Ebuak mh` Mrmemh Wtmtd khtbd soutb. Pbd Dmst Amrmimh` cmiis uh`dr tbrdd kccdrdht towhsbkps -Pbmhtimhf, Amtupk

mh` midtwm. Pbus so cmr tbd Amrmimh` bms ho dvdh m towh.

Pbd Vdst Amrmimh` (Kh`km Amrmimh`) ikds kh tbd ioop oc tbd Eoio`yhd rkvdr mh`

sktumtd` kh tbd soutbdrh pmrt oc tbd Akzorma. Kt ks cimhed` oh tbd hortb mh` dmst jy tbd Imk

Mutohoaous @kstrkgt oc Akzorma mh` oh tbd dmst mh` tbd soutb jy tbd Gbkh Wtmtd oc

Aymhamr. Pbd Vdst Amrmimh bms kts owh màkhkstrmtkoh kh tbd hmad oc ’Amrm Mutohoaous

@kstrkgt Gouhgki‑ (AM@G) uh`dr tbd Kh`km Fovdrhadht.

Pbd totmi popuimtkoh oc tbd Amrm ks mjout 24,>>>. Kh`km Amrmimh` bms 4>,>>>Amrms ikvkhf mt 4> vkiimfds wbkid AymhamrAmrmimh bms 74,>>> ikvkhf mt 3= Amrm vkiimfds.

Pbdrd ks ho otbdr rmgkmi kvkskoh kh Aymhamr Amrmimh`. Pbd prkhgkpmi imhfumfd ks Amrm.

Pbd Amrmimh` ks ksoimtd` croa otbdr pmrts oc tbd gouhtry mh` oc tbd wori`, ud to

tbd kcckguitkds oc goaauhkgmtkoh mh` trmhsportmtkoh. Pbdrd mrd ohiy vdry hmrrow imhds

grosskhf tbd imh`. Aotor Sdbkgids mrd bktbdrto uhsddh. Ohd aust trmvdi oh jmrdcoot gmrrykhf

bks iuffmfd oh jmge iom`s. Lddpmjid rom`s tbmt krdgt to Zdzum-Gbmpy-Imkidhpk, mh`

Zdzum-Gbmpy-@mrikhf-Wmjmwhfpk-Wmjmwhftd mrd uh`dr gohstrugtkoh. Pbdrd ks ohd post

occkgd mh` two Zm`ko Zdgdkvdr Pdidfrmpbkg stmtkohs. Didgtrkgkty ks stkii m cordkfh tdra kh tbd

imh`. Edrosdhd mh` pkhdwoo`s mrd usd` cor ikfbtkhf. Fovdrhadht Hdwspmpdrs mrd hot

mvmkimjid. Pbdrd ks ho bospktmi or gikhkg kh tbd imh`. Ohd bms to wmie mt idmst tbrdd or cour

`mys to rdmgb bospktmi kh tbd towh. Mii tbd Amrms mrd guitkvmtors, cmradrs wbo mòpt tbd

trm`ktkohmi systda oc sbkctkhf guitkvmtkoh.

Gbrkstkmhkty ks tbd oakhmht rdikfkoh kh Amrmimh`. Cuii pdrgdht oc tbd popuimtkoh ks

Gbrkstkmh mh` 24% oc Amrms jdiohf to Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb mh` tbd rdst jdiohfs to

otbdr gburgbds. Pbd wboid Amrmimh` wms gimkad` ms Gbrkstkmh imh` oh Wdptdajdr :3,

=;46 wbdh tbd gburgb gdidjrmtd bdr Foi dh Lujkidd oc tbd mrrkvmi oc tbd Cordkfh Aksskohmry

to tbd Amrmimh` (=;>6-=;46).




Pbd Goakhf oc Gbrkstkmhkty khto Amrmimh`

Pbd Gbrkstkmhkty gmad khto tbd Amrmimh kh =;>6 wktb tbd ckrst couh khf aksskohmrkds

tbd Zdv. & Ars. Zdfkhmi Mrtbur Iorrmkh croa Iohòh. Pbdy wdrd hdktbdr sdht hor ckhmhgkmiiy

spohsord` jy mhy pmrtkguimr dhoakhmtkoh or sogkdty. Pbdy tbdasdivds wdrd tbd couh`drs

mh` ckrst aksskohmrkds to tbd Amrm pdopid.Kh or`dr to rdmgb tbd fospdi to tbd Amrm pdopid, tbd Imebdr kohddr Aksskoh

(IÂ) wms couh`d` oh Cdjrumry ==, =;>4 jy Z.M. Iorrmkh kh Iohòh. Pbd Aotto oc

tbd Aksskoh wms ’Couh`d` oh rmydr, Imuhgbd` jy Cmktb.‑ Z. M. Iorrmkh dsgrkjd` tbd

IÂ ms Khtdr-`dhoakhmtkohmi, bd projmjiy usd` tbks tdra jdgmusd tbdy wdrd hdktbdr

sdht hor ckhmhgkmiiy spohsord` jy mhy pmrtkguimr dhoakhmtkoh or sogkdty. Pbd IÂ wms

supportd` jy bks crkdh`s croa kccdrdht dhoakhmtkohs wbo bm` aksskoh-akh`d`. Pbd

tdra ’khtdr-`dhoakhmtkohmi‑ miso dxprdssds tbd hmturd mh` wore oc tbd IÂ‛s dguadhkgmi

khvoivdadht.Pbd IÂ bm` tbd boikstkg aksskoh tbroufb Iktdrmturd Aksskoh, Ad`kgmi wores,

Wgbooi mh` dùgmtkoh, Ktkhdrmtkhf, Wogkmi mh` cmakiy wore. Kt rdgdkvd` soad bdips croa

Mii Hmtkohs Aksskohmry Thkoh, Jrktksb mh` Cordkfh Jkjid Wogkdty, Zdikfkous Prmgt Wogkdty,

mh` tbd Wgrkpturd Fkct Aksskoh. Woad tkad, Z. M. Iorrmkh bm` m bmr` tkad cor tbd sbortmfd

oc aohdy.

Pbd Imebdr kohddr Aksskohmrkds wbo wored` cor tbd Amrms wdrd<

Aksskohmrkds [dmrs oc sdrvkgd

=. Zdv. Zdfkhmi` Mrtbur Iorrmkh =;>6 - =;00:. Ars. Amu` Iouksm Iorrmkh =;>6 - =;3>

7. Ars. Amu` Iouksm Amrfudrktd

Piosmk Iorrmkh =;>; - =;32

0. Akss Fim`ys Zmasdy =;:= - =;:2

4. Akss [uid Amre =;:7 - =;:0

3. Zdv. Mijdrt Jrugd Coxmii =;:2 - =;66

6. Akss Forst =;:2 - =;:;

2. Akss Krdhd Bmìdy =;:2 -=;70

;. Ar. Ldiiy wktb bks tbrdd gbki`rdh =;7=

(Amry, Wusmh, mh` Lobhhy)

=>. Akss Skoidt Iorrmkh Coxmii =;72-tkii how

Jkjid Prmhsimtkoh

Z. M. Iorrmkh miso rdùgd` tbd Amrm kmidgt khto wrktkhf kh =;>2, mh` goapkid`

two sdts oc kgtkohmrkds Imebdr-Dhfiksb @kgtkohmry mh Dhfiksb-Imebdr @kgtkohmry

gohtmkhkhf 6,>>> to 2,>>> wor`s dmgb. M goapidtd Imebdr Frmaamr wms pujiksbd`. Bks

Imebdr rkadr cor usd kh sgbooi bms jddh prkhtd` jy tbd Mssma Fovdrhadht cor tbd

Aksskoh crdd oc gbmrfds.

Iorrmkh stmrtd` trmhsimtkoh oc tbd Jkjid khto Amrm imhfumfd kh =;>;, trmhsimtkhf tbd

Fospdi Mggor`khf to Lobh croa Mutborkzd` Sdrskoh mh` goapidtd` kh =;=:. Kh =;::, tbd




:: jooes oc tbd HP wdrd trmhsimtd` mh` prkhtd`. Mt tbd smad tkad bd stmrtd` tbd OP

trmhsimtkoh oc tbd Jooe oc smias mh` tbd Jooe oc Loj. Kh =;:2, tbd wboid HP wms

pujiksbd` kh tbd Amrm imhfumfd cor tbd ckrst tkad. Z.M Iorrmkh kd` oh Cdjrumry =,=;00 mt

Wmkemo kh Amrmimh`. Mii tbd tmses idct wdrd gohtkhud` jy bks soh-kh-imw Mijdrt Jrugd

Coxmii Iorrmkh wbo lokhd` tbd IÂ kh =;:2. Bd gohtkhud` tbd OP trmhsimtkoh mh` goapidtd` tbd wboid OP trmhsimtkoh kh =;4=. Kh Amrgb =;43 tbd ckrst goapidtd Boiy

Jkjid kh Amrm kmidgt gmad out oc tbd prdss. Kt wms tbrdd ydmrs jdcord tbd Akzo Jkjid wms

pujiksbd .

Pbd Jkrtb oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb

Pbd jkrtb oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb gmh jd trmgd` ms ckvd pbmsds.

Pbd Ckrst bmsd ks mjout ’tbd Amrm Gburgb kh Kh`km‑ (=;>6-=;46). Mctdr

tbrdd ydmrs oc bmr` imjor, tbd IÂ fot tbd ckrst gohvdrt hmad` Ar.Pbytu oh Wdptdajdr =3, =;=>, tbd sdgoh` gohvdrt Ar. Gbkmbu kh =;==, mh` tbd tbkr` gohvdrt Ar. Imkim (tbd

Amrm podt) kh =;=0. Zdv. Z.M Iorrmkh orfmhkzd` ’tbd Woi`kdr oc tbd Gross‑ croa tbd

hmtkvd Amrm jdikdvdrs wbo trmvdid` tbroufbout tbd imh`, prdmgbkhf tbd fospdi oc Ldsus

Gbrkst. Pbd Imebdr gburgb dxpdrkdhgd` sdrkds oc rdvkvmis kh =;70, =;4>, =;46 mh` =;3>.

Pbus jy tbd ydmr =;43 tbd dhtkrd Amrm pdopid wms woh ovdr to Ldsus Gbrkst. Pbus tbks

wms ehowh ms tbd Jkrtb oc tbd Imebdr (Amrm) Gburgb. Pbks ckrst pbmsd oc tbd gburgb

wms mjout tbd jkrtb oc tbd gburgb kh tbd Vdst Amrmimh` tbroufb tbd wore oc ckrst

aksskohmrkds. Pbd gburgb wms màkhkstdrd krdgtiy croa Iorrmkh vkiim wbdrd tbd aksskohmrkds

sdttid` mt Wmkemo. Pbks pdrko` dh`s wktb tbd gdidjrmtkoh oc Fospdi Foi`dh Lujkidd mt

Wmjybpk kh =;46, tbd ydmr tbmt tbd wboid Amrmimh` wms jmptkzd` khto Gbrkstkmhkty.

Pbd Wdgoh` bmsd ks mjout ’tbd rdpmrmtkoh to dstmjiksb Amrm Gburgb kh

Aymhamr (=;46-=;36). Pbd pdrko` gmh jd gmiid` dgkskvd pdrko` cor sdic-fovdrhadht

oc tbd gburgb kh Aymhamr Amrmimh`. Pbd Imebdr Gburgb gbmhfd` bdr hmad croa tkad to

tkad ud to tbd damh` oc gburgb màkhkstrmtkoh. Tp to=;3>, tbd Amrm gburgb wms

goaaohiy ehowh ms tbd ’Imebdr Gburgb, or tbd Imebdr kohddr Aksskoh Gburgb.‑ Ms

tbd Imebdr Gburgb jdgmad m cuii-cid`fd` sdic-supportkhf gburgb, bdr hmad wms gbmhfd`

ms ‒tbd Imebdr Kh`dpdh`dht Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb (IKDG) kh Amrgb, =;3>. Pbd tdra

Dvmhfdikgmi ks usd` to skfhkcy bdr gmiikhf to dvmhfdikzd mh` procdsskhf bdr dvmhfdikgmi

cmktb, mh` tbd wor` ’Kh`dpdh`dht‑ to dxprdss our goaaktadht to jdgoad sdic-supportkhf,

sdic-rdikmht mh` kh`kfdhous gburgb. Kh =;36, tbd tdra Imebdr wms gbmhfd` khto Amrm. Ms

tbd ohd Amrm gburgb wms uh`dr two fovdrhadhts, tbd gburgb kh Aymhamr cdit m hdd` to

bmvd bdr màkhkstrmtkvd occkgd kh Aymhamr. Pbus tbks pdrko` (=;46-=;36) gmh jd gmiid`

’m prdpmrmtory pdrko` cor tbd dstmjiksbadht oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb kh Aymhamr‑.

Pbd Pbkr` bmsd gmh jd gmiid`‑ Pbd tmstd oc Ohd gburgb‑ (=;36-=;6>).

Croa =;>6-=;36, tbd Kh`km Amrm mh` Juram Amrm Gburgb wmied` mh` wored` tofdtbdr uh`dr tbd hmad oc AKDG. Kh =;36, tbd Aymhamr Amrm Gburgb bm` how kts owh

Bdm`qumrtdrs Occkgd mt Wmjybpk. Pbdrd wms ho sgbksa or kvkskoh maohf tbd Amrm gburgb.

Vd tmstd` tbd uhkty oc gburgb maohf tbd Amrms. Mii tbd Amrm pdopid wdrd kh ohd mggor`.




Pbd Courtb bmsd gmh jd gmiid` ’Wdpmrmtkoh‑ drko` (=;6>-=;23). Pbks

pdrko` gmh jd gmiid` ’Wdpmrmtkoh drko`‑ govdrkhf =3 ydmrs oc gburgb bkstory. Kh =;6>,

mctdr tbrdd ydmrs oc dstmjiksbadht oc Occkgd kh Wmjybpk, tbd AKDG succdrd` m spikt khto

two, ùd to tbd cmgt oc bmvkhf `kccdrdht opkhkohs upoh tbd iogmtkoh oc tbd Gburgb

Bdm`qumrtdrs Occkgd. Pbd ckrst froup AKDG wms id` jy tbd Zdv. Pdktu wbo dstmjiksbd` Bdm`qumrtdrs Occkgd mt Wmjybpk, mh` tbd amlorkty oc tbd adajdrs wdrd kh tbks froup.

Mh` tbd otbdr froup Amrm Kh`dpdh`dht Gburgb (AKG) wms id` jy tbd Zdv. Wmgbmk wbo

iogmtd` tbd Bdm`qumrtdrs Occkgd mt Imkidhpk. Pbd AKG wms idssdr kh adajdrs tbmh AKDG.

Pbdsd two rkvmi gburgb froups grdmtd` kii-cddikhf maohf tbd Amrms. Wogkmi mh` cmakikmi

rdimtkohsbkp wms mccdgtd . Woad gburgb juki khfs wdrd giosd owh jy tbd iogmi fovdrhadht

mutborkty ud to uhgdmskhf ksputd upoh owhdrsbkp oc gburgb juki`khfs. Goaauhkoh

sdrvkgds goui` hot jd tmedh tofdtbdr. Pboufb tbdy wdrd Amrms, tbdy trdmtd` tbdasdivds

ms tbd Ldws mh` Wmamrktmhs. Pbmt wms wby Di`dr Losbum, tbd tbdh Mssdajiy Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb rdamred`<

Kt ks hot projida cor otbdr dhoakhmtkohs to jd spikt, cor tbdy jdiohf to kccdrdht

hmtkohmiktkds or trkjds. Jut cor tbd Amrm, kt ks m projida mh` m skh too, jdgmusd ms

sooh ms wd mrd kvk`d`, wd spdme dvki mfmkhst otbdrs5 wd bmvd kii-cddikhf towmr`s

dmgb otbdr5 wd dvdh rdcusd to wdigoad otbdr adajdrs khto our boad. Kt mccdgts

dvdh busjmh`-wkcd rdimtkohsbkps. Vd prdmgb mjout iovd, ydt wd mrd gohtroiid`

jy bmtrd`. Vd mrd tbdrdcord so surd tbmt kt ks hot tbd wkii oc Fo` tbmt tbd Amrm

gburgb sboui` sdpmrmtd, dvdh kc wd o, wd ydmrh mh` iohf cor dmgb otbdr jdgmusdoc our Amrm k`dhtkty.

Croa =;2> mh` ohwmr`s, idm`drs croa jotb sk`ds jdfmh to rdvkdw mh` rdcidgt

pmst Amrm Gburgb bkstory. Pbdy wdrd vdry surd tbmt ohd my kh tbd vdry hdmr cuturd, tbdsd

two gburgbds woui` adrfd kh ohd Amrm gburgb. Pbdrdcord tbdy sbmrd` tbdkr vkskoh cor

gburgb uhkty wktb youhf pmstors. Pbdy pimhhd` to bmvd kmiofud. Dccorts cor rdgohgkikmtkoh

jdtwddh tbd two pmrtkds tooe sdvdrmi ydmrs. Jut tbd gburgb goui hot rdmgb tbd uhkckgmtkoh

oc tbd gburgb.

Pbd tdmr oc Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf (Kgoh oc Amrm Gburgb Thkckgmtkoh)

Ms kt bms jddh smk`, tbd Amrm Gburgb idm`drs am`d dvdry dccort kh or`dr tbmt tbd

two Amrm gburgbds akfbt goad to adrfd. Wdvdrmi addtkhfs bmvd jddh gmiid` upoh.

@kmiofud jdtwddh tbd two pmrtkds tooe pimgd sdvdrmi tkads. [dt tbdrd wms ho vkskjid

uhkty. Mt tbd rdqudst oc tbd Amrm Gburgb idm`drs to Juram Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, Wmym

Pbmhf Pkh Wua wms sdht jy JGG (How AGG) to Akh`mt to bmvd soad khvdstkfmtkoh

mh` khtdrrofmtkoh wktb Amrm pmstors. Dvdry iogmi gburgb miso am`d dvdry dccort to

jdgoad ohd gburgb. Ms m rdsuit oc dccorts, kh =;23 Lmhumry, m Lokht Goaakttdd wms

suggdsscuiiy orfmhkzd` mh` gohvdhd` mt Imkidhpk. Pbks lokht addtkhf proposd` kccdrdht

smapids cor tbd uhktd` Amrm gburgb. Pbd rdsoiutkohs oc tbd Lokht addtkhf wms sujakttd`

to tbdkr rdspdgtkvd mssdajiy addtkhf kh tbks =;23. Kh =;23 Amy, tbd sdgoh` Lokht addtkhf




suaaohd` mt Wmjmwhfpk dgk`d` to bmvd ckrst Lokht Mssdajiy to jd bdi` kh Cdjrumry,

=;26 mt Imkidhpk.

Kh Cdjrumry =;26, tbd ckrst Lokht Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy oc tbd two Amrm gburgbds

wms bdi` mt Imkidhpk wktb tbd tbdad, ’Bow foo` mh` pidmsmht kt ks wbdh jrotbdrs ikvd

tofdtbdr kh uhkty‑ (^smias =77). Amhy youtb gbokrs wdrd khvktd`. Jotb adh mh` woadh(gbki`rdh mh` mùit) pmrtkgkpmtd` to bdmr mh` sdd wbmt tbd fdhdrmi mssdajiy woui` dgk`d

upoh tbd uhkckgmtkoh oc tbd two gburgbds. Vorsbkp sdrvkgd wms gohùgtd` mt Imkidhpk

gburgb juki`khf wbkid tbd fdhdrmi mssdajiy addtkhf wms bdi` mt tbd Bdm`qumrtdrs Occkgd

juki khf oc Amrm Kh`dpdh`dht Gburgb. Mii youtb dhloyd` tbd skhfkhf wktb dxpdgtmtkoh oc

uhkckgmtkoh. Pbdy bm` bopd, tbdy bm` buamh rdsourgds. Mii pmstors mh` gburgb di`drs

wdrd kh tbd addtkhf bmii to bdmi tbd wouh`s oc spikt cor =3 ydmrs. Jut cor tbrdd mys, tbd

mssdajiy goui` amed ho rdsoiutkoh to jdgoad ohd. Wkhgd tbd ckhmi dgkskoh to jdgoad

ohd goui` hot jd rdmgbd`, kt wms pdh`d` to skt tbd addtkhf rkfbt mctdr tbd Wuh`my aorhkhfworsbkp sdrvkgd. Woad mssdajiy adajdrs dgk`d` to fo jmge boad cor tbd dxpdgtmtkoh

goui` hot goad trud. Cor tbd tbrdd mys, m didfmtd croa Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds

smk` hotbkhf.

Vbdh tbd fdhdrmi mssdajiy wms rdsuad mctdr Wuh`my aorhkhf worsbkp (Cdjrumry

=:, =;26), tbd djmtd wms bot. Ho mfrddadht goui` goad up. Ohd cmgd` to tbd dmst mh`

mhotbdr to tbd wdst. M bot `djmtd oh rdgohgkikmtkoh tooe pimgd mt Lokht Mssdajiy mt

Imkidhpk. Bopd to jd ohd sddad` kaposskjid. Jotb pmrtkds goui` hot goaproaksd upoh

tbd iogmtkoh oc tbd occkgd. Mii wdrd skidht, cor tbdy k` hot ehow wbmt to o. Ckhmiiy tbd`didfmtd croa Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) stoo` up. Vbdh bd rosd up to

spdme, bd goui` hot spdme out, bks tdmr gmad owh mh` wdpt jdcord gburgb idm`drs. Bd

tdmrcuiiy smk`, ’ Ay goiidmfud gburgb idm`drs, o hot iooe mt cor yoursdivds miohd, jut

cor your youhf ohds wbo mrd skhfkhf mt tbd gburgb juki`khf.‑ Bd goui` hot gohtkhud.

Bks tdmrs croa bks bdmrt ciowd` tbroufb bks dyds. Fo` jidssd` tbd tdmrs tbmt tougbd` tbd

bdmrts oc tbd bmr`dhd` adajdrs oc tbd addtkhf, ciowkhf to wmsb tbd bdmrts stmkhd` wktb

gburgb spikt-spkrkt. Pbd AGG `didfmtd wms ho otbdr jut tbd Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m

Pbmwhf.

M rop oc tdmr bdmid` tbd =3 ydmrs oi` wouh`. Mctdr bks spddgb, m rdsoiutkoh wms

pmssd` to adrfd tbd two gburgbds uh`dr tbd hmad oc Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb (ADG) kh

=;26. Pbd sdpmrmtkoh jdtwddh tbd AKDG mh` AKG dh`d` mctdr =3 ydmrs (=;6=-=;26).

Pbd ckctb pbmsd oc tbd gburgb stmrts mt tbd ckrst goajkhd` Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy

bdi` mt Imkidhpk kh =;26 . Pbdy adrfd` oh tbd rdsoiutkoh tbmt ’tbd ADG sbmii bmvd two

Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy Occkgds mt Imkidhpk mh` Wmjmwhfpk.‑ Pbks ks tbd jkrtb oc tbd Amrm

Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb kh Aymhamr. Pboufb tbd wouh` wms bdmid`, tbd sgmr rdamkhs ms tbd

gburgb bkstory gohtkhuds to gbmiidhfd tbd gburgbds to`my.

How tbd Amrm gburgb stmh`s jy bdr owh cddt. Vd tmstd gburgb uhkty tbroufb tbd

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf. Bd ks tbd bkstorkg pdrsoh kh tbd Amrm gburgb bkstory. Bks

gohtrkjutkoh gmhhot jd corfottdh. Pbus bd ks to jd gmiid`, ’tbd Kgoh oc Amrm Gburgb

Thkckgmtkoh.‑




Croa Ksoimtkoh to Khtdrhmtkohmi Dguadhkgmi Zdimtkoh (VGG adajdrsbkp)

@ud to tbd cmgt oc kcckguitkds kh goaauhkgmtkoh, tbd Amrm gburgb bms jddh ksoimtd`

croa otbdr pmrts oc tbd wori`, mh` tbd gburgb wms skidht kh tbd dguadhkgmi mccmkr cor amhy

ydmrs. Pbd Amrm gburgb iohfd` cor gburgb uhkty jdgmusd oc bdr jkttdr dxpdrkdhgd oc

gburgb spikt cor =3 ydmrs. Gburgb idm`drs am`d dvdry dccort to rdmgb spkrkt oc ohdhdss khGbrkst hot ohiy kh Amrm gburgbds, jut miso wktb Khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi jo`kds. How tbd

Amrm gburgb jdgoads <

=. M adajdr oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) oh =st Amy, =;26.

:. M adajdr oc Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm (GGM) kh =;2;.

7. M adajdr oc Vori` Miikmhgd oc Zdcorad` Gburgbds (VMZG) kh =;;7.

0. Mh Mssogkmtd adajdr oc Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (VGG) oh 7r` Cdjrumry,

:>>=.

4. M adajdr oc Iutbdrmh Vori` Cd`drmtkoh kh :>=>.

Pbks ks ay jdikdc tbmt tbd gburgb gmh jrdme tbd wmii oc ksoimtkoh jy bmvkhf dguadhkgmi

rdimtkohs to otbdr gburgbds. Po jd tbd gburgb ks to bmvd cdiiowsbkp wktb otbdr gburgbds

tbroufb rdimtkohsbkps. Vbdh tbd wrktdr jdgmad tbd màkhkstrmtor oc tbd Amrm Gburgb, bd

`k` amed mh mttdapt to fdt khvoivd` kh tbd khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi jo`y to jrdme tbd

jmrrkdr oc ksoimtkoh.

Vbdh K sbmrd` ay `rdma cor dguadhkgmi pmrtkgkpmtkoh wktb Zdv. G. Pbmuidk

(Dxdgutkvd Wdgrdtmry, Aksskoh & Dguadhksa Thkt, AGG) kh Luhd, =;;;, bd cuiiy supportd ad mh` toi` ad mjout bks addtkhf wktb Ar. Bujdrt vmh Jdde wbkid bd wms kh Jossdy

Dguadhkgmi Khsktutd. Bd fmvd ad VGG mppikgmtkoh cora cor adajdrsbkp. Pbdh K adt tbd

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf (tbd tbdh Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc AGG) to

gohsuit ms to tbd mppikgmtkoh oc tbd VGG adajdrsbkp. Bd strohfiy dhgourmfd` ad to

mppiy. Wkhgd tbd Amrm gburgb wms jdiow 74>>> gburgb adajdrs, bd rdgoaadh`d` us

to mppiy cor Mssogkmtd adajdrsbkp ohiy. Mctdr K bmvd idmrhd` mii tbdsd khcoramtkoh, K

proposd` mh mfdh`m to mppiy tbd VGG adajdrsbkp to ADG Dxdgutkvd Goaakttdd bdi`

oh Mufust 0, =;;; mt Imkidhpk. ADG/DG >>2/;;->7 fimìy votd` to mppiy cor tbd VGG

Mssogkmtd adajdrsbkp. Miohf wktb tbd strohf rdgoaadh khf idttdr croa AGG, K sujakttd

mii uiy ckiid` mppikgmtkoh cora to tbd VGG tbroufb AGG uh`dr tbd fuk`mhgd oc Zdv.

Waktb.

Vbdh K rdportd` tbd DG akhutd oc our mppikgmtkoh to VGG adajdrsbkp to tbd

Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy kh :>>>, soad gburgb di`drs k`h‛t support us jdgmusd tbdy tboufbt

tbmt VGG ks Mhtkgbrkst wbkgb jdmrs tbd huajdr 333. Vd tbdrdcord msed` Zdv. Pbmhf Pkh

Wua, tbd AGG didfmtd to tbd Mssdajiy (:>>>), to dxpimkh us mjout tbd VGG wbdtbdr

kt bms soadtbkhf to o wktb Huajdr 333. Bd tooe miaost ohd bour to tmie mjout VGG

mh` dxpimkhd` wby tbd VGG wms aksuh`drstoo` ms 333. Ohiy mctdr tbdh, tbd gburgb

di`drs mfrdd` wktb us.




Kh :>>>, m tdma oc VGG rdprdsdhtmtkvds goaprksd` oc As. Vormporh

Pbmrmwmhkgb oc tbd Gburgb oc Gbrkst kh Pbmkimh` (m adajdr oc tbd Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd oc

VGG), Mrgbjksbop Ambh Wmh Wk Btmy (tbd tbdh Jksbop), Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd

Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, mh` Ar. Bujdrt vmh Jdde, VGG stmcc vksktd` us oh

@dgdajdr :, :>>>. Kh tbd addtkhf, Zdv. I. J. Wkmam (tbd tbdh fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry) wmsmsed` tbd rdmsohs cor sddekhf adajdrsbkp oc tbd VGG.

K mhswdrd`<

’Vd mrd aotkvmtd` to lokh tbd VGG to sbmrd our jkttdr dxpdrkdhgd oc gburgb

spikt cor =3 ydmrs wktb otbdr gburgbds mh` bow wd mgbkdvd` our uhkty, mh` to

dxpdrkdhgd ohdhdss kh Gbrkst, to idmrh croa otbdr gburgbds mrouh` tbd wori`

mh` to jdhdckt croa opportuhktkds oc dùgmtkoh mh` trmkhkhf oc gburgb

idm`drsbkp.‑

K tbdh prdsdhtd` tbd jooe dhtktid` ’M Wbort Bkstory oc tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi

Gburgb‑ cor tbd VGG-ADG addt < :>>>. Kh tbks jooeidt, K mttmgbd` mii gopkds oc mppikgmtkoh

cora uiy ckiid`, tbd AGG rdgoaadh khf idttdr, our gorrdspoh`dhgds wktb tbd Zdv. Bujdrt

vmh Jdde, VGG mh` AGG gorrdspoh`khf idttdrs oh our rdfmr` cor gburgb rdgor`. Pbks

addtkhf wms mttdh`d` jy Zdv. BG. Jkzo (Ao`drmtor), Zdv. I. J. Wkmam (FW), Zdv. G.

Wktio (DW), Zdv. C. Hoebm (DW), Zdv. Skgtor Sd T (DW), Zdv. Gr. Gbbmktbkm, Zdv. Wmtu Sd

T, Zdv. EP. Gbbmzm (Aksskoh ckdi` @krdgtor), Btp. Pdkbrm ([mhfoh Gburgb Di`dr), mh` aksskohmry trmkhdrs mh` trmkhdds. Pbd ’@mwidk (@mrikhf) Aksskohmry Gbokr‑ prdsdhtd`

spdgkmi gbokrs..

Pbdh Ar. Bujdrt vmh Jdde oc VGG rdportd` tbdkr ckh`khf oh Amrm Gburgb to

tbd Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd bdi` kh ots`ma, Fdramhy. Pbdrd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb wms

mggdptd` ms mh Mssogkmtd Adajdr oc tbd VGG oh 7 Cdjrumry, :>>= mt ôts`ma,

Fdramhy.

Croa Amrmimh` to Fdhdvm (Mttdh`khf tbd Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd oc VGG)

Bmvkhf jddh mggdptd` ms mh Mssogkmtd adajdr oc VGG, K wms khvktd` to

mttdh` tbd VGG Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd Addtkhf bdi` kh Fdhdvm, :>>:. Pbd Zdv.

Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf mrrmhfd` cor ad kh or`dr tbmt K amy jd mjid to mttdh` tbd

VGG Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd kh Fdhdvm, :>>=. Mh` K wms ckrstiy khvktd` to mttdh` tbd Gdhtrmi

Goaakttdd bdi` oh :;tb Lmhumry - 3tb Cdjrumry, :>>= kh ôts`ma, Fdramhy, jut K goui`

hot mttdh` jdgmusd ay pmssport wms dhkd`. Mh` K wms khvktd` sdgoh` tkad to mttdh` tbd

Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd oc VGG bdi` oh Mufust :0 to Wdptdajdr 3, :>>: mt Fdhdvm, Fo`

opdhd` tbd oor mh` K goui` mttdh` tbd addtkhf kh :>>:. Vktb Zdv. Waktb mh` K sbmrd`

tbd smad rooa mt Zmam`m Botdi, Fdhdvm. Bd fuk`d` ad to opdh tbd wmy oc addtkhf tbd

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc VMZG, mh` otbdr dguadhkgmi idm`drs mt Fdhdvm.




Croa Fdhdvm to Iohòh ( M vkskt to Gbrkstkmh Mk` kh Iohòh)

Pbd Zdv. Waktb k` ohd aord tbkhf. Bd mrrmhfd` cor ad tbmt K akfbt jd mjid to

vkskt Iohòh croa wbdrd our ckrst ovdrsdm aksskohmrkds gmad to Amrmimh`. Vktb bks

mrrmhfdadht, tbd Gbrkstkmh Mk` kh Iohòh tooe mii ay ktkhdrmry sgbdùid mh` dxpdhsds

ùrkhf ay stmy kh Iohòh. Ay pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh sugb khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi cdiiowsbkpopdhs our dyds to jrkhf mjout tbd uhkty oc tbd gburgb.

Croa Amrmimh` to Mradhkm (Wgboimrsbkp cor m Amrm Ad`kgmi Wtu`dht)

Zdv. Waktb bms m bdmrt oc fkvkhf. Kh :>>: Ar. Pmkhf Wmh (How @r. Wmsm) wms

sdidgtd` to stu`y ad`kgmi goiidfd kh Mradhkm ms Kh`km mh` Mradhkm dxgbmhfd profrma.

Ar.Pmkhf Wmh oc Imkidhpk ks tbd ckrst ad`kgmi stu`dht maohf tbd Amrms. Bd stu`kd` mh`

pmssd` bks Amtrkguimtkoh gimss kh [mhfoh. Wkhgd mii uhkvdrsktkds mh` goiidfds wdrd giosd

òwh kh Aymhamr tbmt tkad, bd grossd` tbd jor`dr to stu`y bks sdgoh`mry gimss kh Wbkiiohf,Kh`km. Bd pmssd` wktb ciykhf goiors mh` stoo` ckrst kvkskoh. Pbus bd wms sdidgtd` to stu`y

mt Mradhkm Ad`kgmi Thkvdrskty. Ms bd k` hot bmvd dhoufb ckhmhgkmi sourgds to stu`y, K, oh

jdbmic oc ADG, rdqudstd` tbd Zdv. Waktb to ekhìy bdip bka govdr bks trmvdiikhf mh`

tuktkoh cdds kh Mradhkm. Pbd Zdv. Waktb wms ckiid` wktb loy to bdmr tbmt Ar. Pmkhf Wmh fot

sugb gbmhgd oc ad`kgmi stu`kds, bd smk` tbmt bd woui` wrktd soad rdgoaadh`khf idttdr to

mh orfmhkzmtkoh to rdqudst bka fdt soad sgboimrsbkp. Vktb bks strohf idttdr, Ar. Pmkhf Wmh

fot sgboimrsbkp cor tbrdd gohsdgutkvd mgm`dakg ydmrs. Vktb tbd bdip oc Zdv. Waktb, Ar.

Pmkhf Wmh how jdgoads @Z. WMWM.

Croa [mhfoh to Amhkim (VGG sgboimrsbkp)

Kh :>>0 tbd fdhdrmi mssdajiy fmvd ad stu`y idmvd cor @ogtor oc Akhkstry profrma

kh ^bkikppkhds. Bdrd mfmkh tbd ADG mppromgbd` Zdv. Waktb to ekhìy bdip us fdt

sgboimrsbkp. Pbd Zdvdrdh` wms hdvdr bdsktmtd` to ò wbmt bd goui`. Mctdr ksgusskhf ay

vkskoh mh` pimh, bd fot up mh` opdhd` tbd `rmwdr. Bd turhd` tbd ckids, mh` fmvd ad m

cora. Pbks ks hohd otbdr tbmh VGG WGBOIMZWBK^ COZA. Bd msed` ad to ckii kt up,

mh` K k` ms toi`, mh` fmvd bka jmge. Mctdr soad aohtbs, K rdgdkvd` khcoramtkoh tbmt K

wms provk`d` VGG sgboimrsbkp to stu`y mt Thkoh Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry, Amhkim.

Bks tdmgbkhf mt Iorrmkh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd

Pbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb dstmjiksbd` tbd Iorrmkh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd mh`

Aksskoh Wtu`kds Gdhtrd kh :>>7, [mhfoh. Mt tbd khmufurmi sdrvkgd, tbd Zdv. Waktb wms

khvktd` to spdme jut bd goui` hot pmrtkgkpmtd cor uhmvok`mjid rdmsohs. Bd edpt tbks kh bks

adaory. Kh :>>2, wbdh wd mppromgbd` tbd Wmym to ekhìy bdip us kh tdmgbkhf mt our

Goiidfd, bd wmraiy wdigoad` us smykhf, ’K ma so sorry tbmt K goui` hot goad mt tbd

khmufurmi sdrvkgd oc your goiidfd kh :>>7, ydt K dgk`d` to bdip kh tdmgbkhf ohd my. K ma

vdry fim` to bmvd tbks opportuhkty to pmrtkgkpmtd kh tdmgbkhf mt your goiidfd. K dda kt ms m

pmrt oc ay akhkstry kh tbd Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb.‑ Wkhgd tbdh, tbd Zdv. Waktb bms jddh

tdmgbkhf mt our goiidfd tkii to`my.




Gohgiuskoh

Pbd Zdv. Waktb ks sddh ms tbd jdst dxmapid mh` kgoh oc gburgb uhkty kh tbd Amrm

gburgbds. Bks bohdst mh` skapid wmy oc ikvkhf khspkrds mii Amrm pmstors. Bd wms màkrd`,

jdkhf rdgofhkzd` mh` wkii stkii jd rdfmr`d` ms Furu cor Amrm gburgb uhkckgmtkoh, cor bd

opdhd` m hdw gbmptdr cor tbd Amrm gburgb bkstory. Ms rkgb kh dguadhkgmi dxpdrkdhgds, bdgoui` sdd tbd sdgrdt oc uhkty. Kh vdhturkhf gburgb uhkty, bd fods jdyoh` tbd jouh`mry oc

cmktb mh` or`dr, rdspdgts tbd uhkqudhdss oc dmgb dhoakhmtkoh.

K woui` iked to bohour tbd Zdvdrdh` Waktb ms coiiows<

@dmr rdspdgtd` Wmym,

[ou mrd m Furu cor us

[ou mrd our Kgoh cor gburgb uhkckgmtkoh

[ou bmvd ohd frdmt tbkhfs to our gburgb[our tdmr sbd` wkii hot jd kh vmkh

[ou wkii rdamkh kh tbd bdmrts oc Amrm cordvdr.

Vd Amrms bohor you, màkrd you, mh` iovd you.




KH BOHOZ OC ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Ikiikmh Ebm Hmu

K cdit frdmtiy dimtd` wbdh K wms msed` to sbmrd soad oc tbd frdmt dxpdrkdhgds kh

worekhf wktb Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf kh tbd pmst ydmrs. K‛` ehowh bka cor aord

tbmh 7> ydmrs wbdh bd lokhd` tbd wore corgd mt tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds(AGG)

kh [mhfoh. Bd wms amrrkd` to @mw Zdjdggm Btu Hmh mh` tbdkr ckrst soh wms rmksd` up kh

[mhfoh. Wkhgd K ikvd` kh Emamryut Powhsbkp mh` mttdh`d` tbd Lu`soh Gburgb, K smw tbd

cmakiy aost rdfuimriy mt tbd Lu`soh Gburgb oh Wuh`mys. K gmad to ehow aord mjout

Wmym Waktb ms m stu`dhts‛ woredr wktb tbd AGG. Ms K wms miso worekhf wktb tbd Thkvdr-skty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbk(TGC), K adt bka quktd octdh mh` bm` màkrd` bka ms m gohsgkdh-

tkous stu`dht woredr. Bd miwmys spoed kh soct tohds mh` bm` hdvdr bdmr` bka rmkskhf bks

vokgd. Vktb m vdry pidmsmht pdrsohmikty, dvdryohd wbo bm` m gohtmgt wktb bka iked` bka

mh` màkrd` bks hmturd.

Ms m woredr oc AGG, bd wms miso frdmtiy khvoivd` wktb vmrkous goaakttdds

wbdrd bks bdips wdrd hdd`d`. Ms bd bms m pidmsmht pdrsohmikty, K bm` hdvdr sddh bka kh

mhfdr or rmksd` bks vokgd. Bd wms fkvdh mh msskfhadht to wore wktb tbd uhkvdrskty stu`dhts.

Pbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Thkoh(WGT) usd` to jd gohckhd` to tbd [mhfoh Thkvdrskty cor amhy ydmrs jut imtdr wbdh aord goiidfds wdrd opdhd` kh tbd gouhtry, bks utkds wdrd

dxtdh`d` miso to otbdr goiidfds tbroufbout tbd gouhtry.

Pbd Aymhamr Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht(WGA) mssogkmtd` wktb tbd Vori`

Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh(VWGC) mh` K ohgd trmvdiid` wktb bka to pmrtkgkpmtd mt tbd

Wdhkour Crkdh`s Gohcdrdhgd oc VWGC‛s =>>tb mhhkvdrsmry kh Jdrikh, Fdramhy wktb tbd

tbdad ’Goaauhkty oc Adaory mh` Bopd< Gdidjrmtkhf tbd Cmktbcuihdss oc Fo`‑ urkhf

::h` Luhd to =st Luiy =;;4. K màkrd` bka cor bks gohtrkjutkohs towmr` tbks wori`-wk`d

aovdadht ms bd bm` gohtrkjutd` tbd wore oc WGA kh Aymhamr mt tbd wori`-wk`d

gohcdrdhgd. K ma vdry surd tbmt bd akfbt bmvd miso ohd tbd smad ekh` oc gohtrkjutkohs

wbdrdvdr bd wms didfmtd` jy tbd AGG to idt tbd wori` ehow bow augb Aymhamr bm`

jddh khvoivd` kh m wori -wk d spbdrds oc dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Bks gohtrkjutkoh towmr`

tbd wori`-wk`d aovdadht mh` addtkhfs bmvd jddh wdii mpprdgkmtd` mh` rdgofhkzd` jy

mii.

Bd wms mppokhtd` ms AGG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry croa :>>=-:>>4 wbkgb wms wdii

rdgofhkzd` mh` mpprdgkmtd` jy mii adajdr gburgbds. Vktb bks skhgdrd aotkvds, jotb youhf

mh` oi` mppromgbd` bka cor vmrkous kssuds. Ms mh or`mkhd` akhkstdr, bd stkii usds bks tkad

wbdhdvdr tbd hdd` mrksds, bd skhfs kh tbd gbokr mh` rdh`drs bks sdrvkgds, wbdhdvdr mh`

wbdrdvdr ks hdd`d`. Fo` bms sbowdrd` m iot oc jidsskhfs oh bka to jd m cmktbcui coiiowdr

oc Bka. Amy tbd foo` Ior` gohtkhud to usd bka kh vmrkous gmpmgktkds mggor`khf to bks

mjkikty kh tbd akhkstry.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF; >

PZKJTPD PO ZDS@ WAKPB H \M PBMVHF

Amrtbm F. Jutt

K rdgmii ay ckrst addtkhf wktb Zdv. Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf. K wms kaprdssd` jy bks

khtdiikfdhgd, crkdhìkhdss mh` bks pmsskoh cor bdipkhf tbd youhf pdopid oc bks gouhtry wbo,

mt tbd tkad, bm` vdry cdw opportuhktkds to curtbdr tbdkr dùgmtkoh.

Kh tbd imtd =;;>‛s, wbdh ^mymp Thkvdrskty wms kh kts dmriy stmfds oc

khtdrhmtkohmikzmtkoh mh` iooekhf cor khtdrhmtkohmi stu`dhts, K wms put kh gohtmgt wktb

Zdv. Waktb kh [mhfoh. Zdv. Waktb jdgmad dxgktd` mjout worekhf wktb mymp jdgmusd bd

ehdw tbdrd wdrd stu`dhts kh bks gouhtry wbo wdrd iooekhf cor pimgds to stu`y. ^mymp

wms mjid to sdgurd cuh`khf croa tbd Thktd` Jomr` cor Gbrkstkmh Bkfbdr Dùgmtkoh kh Mskmcor goaprdbdhskvd sgboimrsbkps cor 4 stu`dhts croa Juram. Zdv. Waktb bdipd` us to ckh`

qumikckd` gmh`k`mtds cor tbdsd sgboimrsbkps. K trmvdiid` to [mhfoh to khtdrvkdw potdhtkmi

stu`dhts mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Gdhtdr.

Ohgd tbd stu`dhts wdrd occdrd` tbd sgboimrsbkps, tbd hdxt tmse cor Zdv. Waktb

wms to bdip tbda sdgurd pmssports mh` vksms (hot dmsy mt tbmt tkad). Jut wktb bks

`dtdrakhmtkoh, mii ckvd rdgdkvd` tbdkr trmvdi oguadhts.

Mt tbmt tkad, mymp‛s dfrdd profrmas wdrd ohiy tmufbt kh Pbmk. Pbus, tbd ckvd

stu`dhts hdd`d` to stu`y Pbmk cor ohd ydmr jdcord jdfkhhkhf tbdkr `dfrdd profrmas.

Pbdy wdrd mii vdry dtdrakhd` to suggdd`, jut tbdy miso bm` ’òwh‑ tkads wbdh tbdy

wdrd hot surd tbdy goui` ’amed kt‑. Zdv. Waktb hdvdr fmvd up oh tbda. K rdadajdr ohd

tkad wbdh bd gmad cor m vkskt to dhgourmfd tbda to pdrsdvdrd jdgmusd tbks wms tbdkr

’gbmhgd oc m ikcdtkad‑. Pbd stu`dhts ikstdhd` to, trustd` mh` rdspdgtd` bka. Ovdr tbd 4

ydmrs tbmt tbks froup oc stu`dhts stu`kd` mt mymp, K smw mh` goaauhkgmtd` wktb Zdv.

Waktb rdfuimriy. Ay busjmh`, Lobh, mh` K dvdiopd` m giosd crkdh`sbkp wktb bka. Vd

màkrd` bks goaaktadht to Fo` mh` bks pdopid.

Zdv. Waktb khvktd` Lobh to goad to [mhfoh cor m cdw mys to tdmgb pmstors croa

mrouh` tbd gouhtry mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Gdhtdr. Kt wms m woh`drcui dxpdrkdhgd cor jotb oc

us. Vd miso bm` m gbmhgd to addt wktb tbd pmrdhts oc mymp‛s Juradsd stu`dhts. Pbdy

wdrd so khtdrdstd` kh bdmrkhf mjout tbd profrdss oc tbdkr gbki`rdh. K bmvd frdmt adaorkds

oc tbd hkfbt wd mii wdht out cor m dikgkous khhdr mh` guiturmi sbow.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ; =

Zdv. Waktb wms tbd gdadht tbmt bdi` tbks profrma tofdtbdr. Vktb Zdv. Waktb‛s

dhgourmfdadht mh` tbd ckhmhgkmi support croa tbd Thktd` Jomr` mii ckvd stu`dhts

goapidtd` tbdkr uh`drfrmùmtd dfrdds. Ohd oc tbda miso wdht oh cor m Amstdr‛s dfrdd

mt mymp.

Pbroufbout tbks tkad, urkhf wbkgb tbdrd wdrd amhy gbmiidhfds cmgkhf tbd pdopidoc Juram, K wms kh mwd oc tbd wmy tbmt Zdv. Waktb goui` amkhtmkh bks optkaksa mh` jdikdc

kh tbd cuturd fdhdrmtkoh. Bd wms sdicidss kh tbmt dvdh tboufb bd bm` gbki`rdh wboa bd

goui` bmvd rdgoaadh`d` cor tbd sgboimrsbkps, bd k` hot. Bd wms cmkr mh` ekh`. Bd bm`

m ddp cmktb tbmt Fo` woui` fdt bka mh` bks pdopid tbroufb kcckguit tkads mh` sktumtkohs.

Kt bms jddh m huajdr oc ydmrs skhgd K imst smw Zdv. Waktb, jut K ma iooekhf

corwmr` to m rduhkoh wktb bka kh @dgdajdr :>=:. Amy Fo` frmht bka foo` bdmitb

mh` bmppkhdss ms bd dhtdrs m hdw pbmsd oc bks ikcd.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF; :

M @KWPMHP JTP @DSOPD@ MH@ THDR^DGPD@ CZKDH@

(MZPKGID KH BOHOZ OC ZDS@ WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF)

Amrtkh Gohwmy

K cddi dikfbtd`, kh`dd` hot m ikttid bohourd`, to jd msed` to gohtrkjutd to tbks

voiuad skhgd ay gohtmgts wktb tbd Zdv`. Waktb bmppdhd` amhy ydmrs mfo how. Aord-

ovdr, skhgd K succdrd` m hmsty stroed =2 aohtbs mfo, K mrd hot jd surd tbmt K rdadajdr

ms wdii ms K sboui` wbmt bmppdhd` oh tbd two oggmskohs wbdh wd adt.

Jut tbdsd, dspdgkmiiy tbd sdgoh`, wdrd quktd uhdxpdgtd` oggmskohs, cor wbkgb

K rdamkh ddpiy frmtdcui.

Pbd ckrst wms kh tbd ak`-=;2>s, wbdh K mggoapmhkd` m samii froup oc stu`dhts

croa tbd sdakhmry oc tbd Gburgb oc Dhfimh` oh tbd d`fd oc Oxcor` wbdrd K wms tbdhtdmgbkhf, to m hmtkohmi Gohfrdss oc tbd Jrktksb Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht kh tbd

jdmutkcui gkty oc D`khjurfb. K bm` wored` twdhty ydmrs dmrikdr cor tbd Jrktksb WGA

croa Iohòh ms kts khtdrhmtkohmi occkgdr mh` tbdh cor skx ydmrs cor tbd Vori` Wtu`dht

Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh croa Fdhdvm, so K bm` bdmr` oggmskohmi hdws croa Juram/Aymhamr.

Jut K bm` hdvdr adt mhyohd, idt miohd m Gbrkstkmh, croa tbdrd, so kt wms wktb rdmi khtdrdst

tbmt K smt owh ohd my wktb Waktb, mh` ksgovdrd` tbmt bd wms kh tbd ak`ìd oc m ydmr

stu`ykhf mt tbd tbdoiofkgmi cmguity kh tbd gkty oc Fimsfow, hot so cmr croa D`khjurfb. K bm`

ikvd` kh Fimsfow kh ay boik`mys croa sgbooi mh` uhkvdrskty stu`kds kh tbd =;0>s mh` 4>s,

jut bm` bm` ms foo` ms hotbkhf to o wktb tbd tbdoiofkgmi cmguity. Kt wms sbddr dikfbt to

addt bka.

Pbmt ks mii K rdadajdr, jut kt jdgmad augb aord skfhkckgmht jdgmusd kt id` to tbd

sdgoh` - mh` dvdh aord uhcordsddmjid - oggmskoh soad ydmrs imtdr. Jy tbd imtdr =;2>s

ay wkcd Zutb mh` K bm` aovd` croa Iohòh to tbd gkty oc Jkrakhfbma kh gdhtrmi Dhfimh`,

mh` bm` sdttid` khto m rmtbdr kccdrdht styid oc ikcd gdhtrd` oh ay utkds ms rdsk`dht oc tbd

Wdiiy Ome Goiidfds. Vd rdgdkvd` stu`dhts croa amhy gouhtrkds, kh ay tkad tbdrd (=;23

to =;;6) hdvdr cdwdr tbmh 6> mt mhy ohd tkad, jut tbd ohiy ohd croa Juram K gmh rdadajdr

croa tbd dmrikdr ydmrs wms @mw Ikiikmh Ebm Hmu, oc tbd [VGM mh` augb disd kh tbd

Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Fkvdh bdr mjkikty to kapmrt wksòa croa bdr dxpdrkdhgd

so ms to dhrkgb tbd tdmgbkhf tbmt wms jdkhf occdrd`, bdr prdsdhgd wms aost vmiumjid to

Wdiiy Ome.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ; 7

Oh ohd Wuh`my kh tbd dmriy‛ ;>s ay wkcd mh` K wdrd mt boad - hot usumiiy tbd

gmsd oh m Wuh`my aorhkhf - wbdh, surprkskhfiy, tbd oorjdii rmhf. Vbdh K opdhd` kt,

tbdrd wdrd ckvd or skx pdopid kh m sdak-gkrgid, mii adh mh` stmh`khf jmge croa tbd

òor so ms to wdigoad ad khto tbdkr goapmhy. Pbks wms totmiiy uhdxpdgtd`. Aordovdr,

kt wms ohiy mctdr soad aoadhts tbmt K rdgofhksd` Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf maohf tbda, mh` so goui` fudss tbmt tbdy wdrd croa Aymhamr. Aordovdr tbdy wdrd mii, mpmrt croa bka,

rmtbdr sdhkor ckfurds kh tbdkr owh gburgbds. K bopd K ma rkfbt kh rdportkhf tbmt tbdrd wms ho

Mhfikgmh jksbop maohf tbda - gdrtmkhiy sdvdrmi wdrd Jmptkst, tboufb tbdy bm` goad to m

Iohòh gohcdrdhgd oh jdbmic oc tbd Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Kt wms sooh dxpimkhd` tbmt tbdy

bm` couh` tbmt tbdy bm` hotbkhf to o urkhf tbd Wuh`my, so Waktb bm` suffdstd` tbdy fo

up to Jkrakhfbma mh` frddt ad kh Wdiiy Ome - wbkgb tbdy aost gbmrakhfiy k`.

Mfmkh K aust gohcdss tbmt K quktd corfdt bow iohf wd spdht wktb tbda. Miso wbmt

tbdy wmhtd` to ksguss wktb us, jdyoh` tbd khdvktmjid mh` bmrìy hdw qudstkohs mjoutdxmgtiy wbmt tbd Wdiiy Ome Goiidfds wdrd mh` bow tbdy cuhgtkohd`. Jut wbmt stmys

imstkhfiy kh ay akh` mh` bdmrt ks tbd fdsturd oc tbosd adh kh tbd suhikfbt oc m Wuh`my

aorhkhf, stmh`khf kh m bmic gkrgid outsk`d tbd bousd oor to frddt ad kh mh mpproprkmtdiy

Gbrkstkmh wmy. Kt ks m ddpiy aovkhf sgdhd oc Gbrkstkmhs oc vdry kccdrdht jmgefrouh`s

mh` guiturds hdvdrtbdidss daohstrmtkhf to ohd mhotbdr tbmt tbd iovd dhmjid` jy Fo` kh

Gbrkst gmh ovdrgoad mii our cmakikmr woriìy dajmrrmssadhts.

Wo K wmraiy smiutd Zdv` Waktb, wbmtdvdr tbd kcckguitkds kh imtdr ydmrs, mh` mii oc

you kh tbd Gouhgki oc Gburgbds cor your imstkhf cmktbcuihdss to tbd proaksd oc Fo` khGbrkst.

D`ktorkmi Hotd<

Mggor`khf to Zdv` Waktb, tbd Gburgb idm`drs adhtkohd` wdrd tbd imtd roc.

Vkiikma mw, Zdv. @r. T Muhf Ebkh, Zdv. @r. T Vkh Pkh mh` bkasdic mttdh`khf tbd vdry

ckrst AGG Zouh` Pmjid mrthdrs' Addtkhf kh Iohòh, Lmhumry =;;>.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF; 0

DGTADHKGMI GOAAKPADHP OC ZDS@ WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF

Amttbdws Fdorfd Gbuhmemrm

Oh tbd oggmskoh oc tbd pujikgmtkoh oc m cdstsgbrkct kh bohour oc Zdv` Waktb H. \mPbmwhf jy bks crkdh`s mh` wdii-wksbdrs, kt ks wktb frdmt pidmsurd tbmt K ma lottkhf owh

ay rdgoiidgtkohs mjout ay iohf mssogkmtkoh wktb Zdv. Waktb ms wdii ms ay mpprdgkmtkoh.

K bmvd bm` opportuhktkds to mssogkmtd giosdiy wktb Zdv. Waktb cor aord tbmh two

`dgm`ds skhgd K stmrtd` worekhf wktb tbd Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm (GGM) kh Bohf

Eohf. Ay ckrst addtkhf wktb Zdv. Waktb wms dmriy kh tbd =;;>s, wbdh K wms worekhf kh

Jmhfmiord, Kh`km ms tbd Mssogkmtd @krdgtor oc tbd Dguadhkgmi Gbrkstkmh Gdhtrd (DGG).

Zdv. Waktb vksktd us mt tbd DGG mt tbmt tkad to dxpiord posskjkiktkds cor dxgbmhfd profrmaad

mh` trmkhkhf cor youhf dguadhksts croa Aymhamr mt tbd DGG. Bks vkskt wms mrrmhfd` mt

tbmt tkad tbroufb tbd Mssogkmtkoh oc Gbrkstkmh Khstktutkohs cor Wogkmi Gbmhfds kh Mskm

(MGKWGM). Zdv. Waktb wms oh tbd stmcc oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) mt

tbmt tkad wktb rdspohskjkikty cor trmkhkhf. Wujsdqudhtiy bd jdgmad tbd mssogkmtd fdhdrmi

sdgrdtmry oc tbd AGG. Mitboufb Jksbop Wmh Wk Btmy wms tbd fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry oc tbd

AGG mt tbmt tkad, Zdv. Waktb wms tbd edy pdrsoh amkhiy rdspohskjid cor rdimtkohs wktb

khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi rdimtkohs ms wdii ms cor khtdrhmi màkhkstrmtkoh.

K bmvd bm` aord crdqudht opportuhktkds to giosdiy wore wktb Zdv. Waktb skhgd K

jdgmad tbd Mskm Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh :>>>. Ms tbd Mskm

sdgrdtmry wms tbd goor`khmtor mh` cmgkiktmtor oc tbd Zouh` Pmjid oc tbd AGG wbkgb wms

grdmtd` cor dguadhkgmi sbmrkhf oc rdsourgds cor AGG, kt jdgmad hdgdssmry cor ad to

`dmi aord giosdiy wktb AGG mh` kts idm`drsbkp. Jksbop Wmh Wk Btmy wms tbd Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry, jut Zdv. Waktb wms tbd amkh gohtmgt kh AGG cor our rdimtkohs wktb tbd AGG.

Wujsdqudhtiy Zdv. Waktb wms didgtd` ms tbd fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry oc tbd AGG.

Vbdh tbd poiktkgmi sktumtkoh kh Juram wms hot mt mii gohfdhkmi cor mh dguadhkgmi

orfmhkzmtkoh iked AGG or otbdr dggidskmi jo`kds to cuhgtkoh propdriy kh Aymhamr, Waktb

`daohstrmtd` m vdry amturd mh` pru`dht idm`drsbkp kh bmhìkhf dikgmtd amttdrs, dspdgkmiiy

Gburgb-Wtmtd rdimtkohs. Kt bms jddh hot so dmsy to rdimtd wktb dvdryohd mh` goor`khmtd

tbd wore kh gburgb mh` sogkdty kh Aymhamr kh tbosd mys ms tbd gouhtry wms kh sugb m

strkgtiy sogkmiiy mh` poiktkgmiiy gohtroiid` sktumtkoh. Ay vkskts to Aymhamr tbosd mys mh`

dvdh ay addtkhfs mt tbd AGG bdm`qumrtdrs wdrd kcckguit oh kccdrdht oggmskohs ud to




tbd poiktkgmi uhgdrtmkhtkds mh` suspkgkohs jy akiktmry fovdrhadhts oc m rdikfkous jo`y iked

tbd AGG or kts adajdr gburgbds. Bowdvdr, Zdv. Waktb bms jddh trykhf to eddp tbd

jmimhgd mh` bmhìkhf tbd dguadhkgmi mh` dggidskmi amttdrs oc gburgbds mh` dguadhkgmi

orfmhkzmtkohs wktb sugb frdmt gmrd mh sdhsktkvkty. Bd provk d idm`drsbkp kh vmrkous mspdgts

oc gburgb mh` dguadhkgmi wore kh Aymhamr ms m fuk`d mh` adhtor oc tbd dguadhkgmiaovdadht kh Aymhamr. Bks m`vkgd mh` gouhsdi miwmys bdipd` vmrkous dguadhkgmi

orfmhkzmtkohs. Kh Aymhamr dspdgkmiiy tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht (WGA), tbdoiofkgmi

khstktutkohs ms wdii ms kccdrdht dhoakhmtkohs tbmt wdrd sgmttdrd` kh kccdrdht pmrts oc tbd

gouhtry. Waktb goui` dhsurd jdttdr goor`khmtkoh maohf kccdrdht dguadhkgmi jo`kds kh tbd

gouhtry troufb tbd AGG mh` miso trkd` to dhsurd m sdhsd oc owhdrsbkp oc tbd dguadhkgmi

aovdadht jy kts adajdrs.

Bks gohtrkjutkohs kh tbd mrdm oc dguadhkgmi idm`drsbkp dvdiopadht oc youhf

pdopid kh Aymhamr gmhhot jd kfhord . Bd pimyd` m edy roid kh khktkmtkhf tbd Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi Wbmrkhf Gdhtrd tbroufb wbkgb bd trkd to orfmhkzd huadrous trmkhkhf profrmaad

cor youhf Gbrkstkmh youtbs kh tbd gouhtry. Bd wms miso khstruadhtmi kh hdfotkmtkhf wktb

`kccdrdht khtdrhmtkohmi orfmhkzmtkohs kh mrrmhfkhf mh` cmgkiktmtkhf sgboimrsbkps cor youhf

pdopid croa Aymhamr to stu`y kh Duropd, Mskm mh` Mcrkgm wbkgb bdipd` to trmkh amhy

youhf dguadhksts croa Aymhamr mh provk d tbda wktb khtdrhmtkohmi dxposurds, dspdgkmiiy

wbdh Aymhamr rdamkhd` miaost m giosd` oor sogkdty wbdrd khtdrhmtkohmi trmvdi oc

Aymhamr gktkzdhs wms rdstrkgtd` mh` sgrutkhkzd` jy tbd mutborktkds.

Waktb bm` foo` dguadhkgmi mh` dggidskmstkgmi uh`drstmh`khf. Bks iohf mssogkmtkohwktb tbd WGA mh` tbd Vori` Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Cd`drmtkoh, huadrous opportuhktkds cor

pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi dvdhts mh` gohcdrdhgds, stu`kds ovdrsdms, dtg.,

dspdgkmiiy uh`dr dakhdht pdrsohmiktkds iked ^roc. @r. Eohrm` Zmksdr mt tbd Jogbua

Thkvdrskty, Fdramhy bdipd` bka to frow kh dguadhkgmi spkrkt. Kt bdipd` bka to màkrd tbd

vmiuds mh` skfhkckgmhgd oc tbd dguadhkgmi dtbos. Pbd dguadhkgmi dxpdrkdhgds bd fmkhd`

tbroufb vmrkous wmys ovdr tbd ydmrs, dspdgkmiiy skhgd bks coramtkvd ydmrs bdipd` bka to

gohtrkjutd to tbd dvdiopadht oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh Aymhamr.

@dspktd tbd cmgt tbmt tbdrd wdrd gdrtmkh kcckguitkds tbmt Waktb mh` tbd AGG cmgd`

towmr`s tbd dh` oc bks tdhurd ms tbd fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry, tbd dguadhkgmi idm`drs wktbkh tbd

gouhtry mh` outsk`d miwmys vmiud` mh` mgehowid`fd` tbd goaaktadht oc Zdv. Waktb to

tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Dvdh mctdr rdikhquksbkhf bks sdrvkgds ms tbd fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry oc

tbd AGG Waktb gohtkhuds bks dguadhkgmi aksskoh oc idm`drsbkp dvdiopadht kh tbd gburgb

mh` dguadhkgmi aovdadht mh` tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr.

Pbd wk`d ehowid`fd mh` dxtdhskvd dxpdrkdhgds Zdv. Waktb fmkhd` ovdr tbd ydmrs

ks stkii jdkhf usd` cor juki`khf up tbd cuturd idm`drs oc tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht kh tbd

gouhtry.

K prmy cor Fo`‛s rkgbdst jidsskhfs mh` fuk`mhgd tbmt wkii bdip bka to gohtkhud bks

aksskoh mh` goaaktadht to gburgb mh` sogkdty kh Aymhamr cor amhy aord ydmrs.




M WKHFDZ OC FOW^DI WOHFW

Hfui Gkh Pbmhf, ADFWP, [mhfoh

Pbks ks mh mpprdgkmtkoh to tbd Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf. Pbdrd mrd amhy

kh`kvkùmis sdhkor to ad kh mii wmies oc ikcd, wktb wboa K bmvd jddh kh tougb. Ohd oc tbda

ks Waktb Pbmwhf. Bd ks croa Edkzmhf Jmptkst Gburgb, Gkkhfpkeot Skiimfd, Pk``ka. Bd bm`

jddh sdhkor to ad mt Pk` ka Bkfb Wgbooi, mt Amh`mimy Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty mh` kh tbd Akhkstry oc tbd Ior`.

K rdadajdr soad adajdrs oc Fospdi skhfdrs maohf tbd sdhkor stu`dhts oc ay

Bkfb Wgbooi mys mt Pk``ka maohf wbkgb mrd Eka Ebmw Wumh oc Imwkjumi, @mvk`

Pbmhf \m mu oc Emptdi, Hfmk \m Pbmhf oc mhfaumi, Ikmh Ebmh Pbmhf oc Pukauk, miohf

wktb Waktb Pbmwhf. K miso rdadajdr soad oc tbd sohfs tbdy smhf kh tbd ak` skxtkds< Ikttid

^khd Iof Gmjkh, Hdvdr Frow Oi`, @o Hot @oujt Bks Iovd, K Wbmii Hot Jd Aovd`, mh`

m cdw otbdrs.

Vbdh K lokhd` tbd Amh`mimy Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty, bd wms kh bks tbkr` ydmr

cor bks J.Wg. (\ooiofy) dfrdd uh`dr roc. @r. Crd`drkge @dipbkh mh` Idgturdr @r. Zojdrt

Puh Amuhf. Bd wms tbd gbokr idm`dr oc tbd Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp (TGC) wbkid

tbd Zdv` Mrtbur Eo Imy wms gbmpimkh. @urkhf tbosd mys soad oc bks go-skhfdrs wdrd

@mvk` [ouhf, Bdh`rkge, Zkgbmr` Pbdt Fyk, Mufustkhm oc Emimw mh` Ciordhgd ^mu oc

Cmima.

Oh ohd Wuh`my wbkid wd wdrd kh tbd Ho. 7 Juram Mray Prmkhkhf @dpot oh

Thkvdrskty Prmkhkhf Gorps suaadr gmap mt Adketkim, K lokhd` tbdsd TGC joys to tbd

rdsk`dhgd oc mh occkgdr jy tbd hmad oc Wmw Bmrks oc Mfrkguiturd mh` Zurmi @dvdiopadht

Gorpormtkoh (MZ@G) cor iuhgb. Pbd bost dhtdrtmkhd` us jy pimykhf kccdrdht ekh`s oc

auskg wktb m skhfid fuktdr, augb tmidhtd`. Pwo mufbtdrs oc tbd bost wdrd TGC gbokr

adajdrs … Au Au Bmrks mh` Btoo Btoo Bmrks, wbkid tbd youhfdr mufbtdr Iu Iu

Bmrks wms kh Bkfb Wgbooi. Ay gimssamtd Wmw Fmy`m Ekttka Eu wms miso tbdrd. Oh

mhotbdr Wuh`my, K bm` tbd opportuhkty miso to mggoapmhy Waktb to tbd rdsk`dhgd oc bks

uhgid, kiot Wumh Emk oc Juram Mkr Corgd kh Adketkim.

Ohd suaadr tkad, two jrotbdrs … Bmhf Ebmh mu mh` Bmu Ikmh Ebma gmad

to Amh`mimy croa Zmhfooh (how [mhfoh). Woad adajdrs croa Amh`mimy TGC lokhd`

mh` tbdy smhf ’Bmidiulmb‑ gborus oc Fdorfd Crd`drkge Bmh`di. Pbd skhfdrs oh tbmt my

wdrd Bmhf Ebmh mu, Bmu Ikmh Ebma, Waktb Pbmwhf, Pumi Ebmh mu, mh` Ciordhgd

^mu. M cdw ydmrs imtdr, K adt wktb Waktb mt Amh`mimy mkrport lust jdcord bd idct Imsbko to

mttdh` tbd cuhdrmi sdrvkgd oc W. Bmhf Ebmh mu. Bow cmktbcui bd wms to tbd dgdmsd`!




Wkhgd Waktb jdgmad gbmpimkh oc Amh`mimy TGC, bks trkjmi hmad Hfuib \m Pbmwhf

bm` jddh totmiiy skidht cor m cdw dgm`ds. Bd wms ehowh ms Wym Waktb. Pbks Waktb bm`

bm` m poor bdmitb. Mfmkhst bks tmidht kh skhfkhf, bks ad`kgmi ogtor m`vksd` bka hot to skhf

mhy aord. K rdgmii ay adaory wbkid Wym Waktb wms kh Vmr`-G oc Amh`mimy Gkvki Bospktmi.

Jut, bd k` hot tmed mhy hotd oc pbyskgmi wdmehdss cor tbd Ior`‛s Akhkstry. @urkhf tbosd`mys, bks giosd crkdh`s mh` rdimtkvds iked Ikmh Ebmh Pbmhf mh` Bmu @o Wumh wdrd augb

bdipcui to bka, maohf amhy otbdrs. Vbkid kh Amh`mimy, Wym Waktb usumiiy word trousdrs

wktb m idmtbdr jdit jut kh [mhfoh K hdvdr smw bka mfmkh kh wdstdrh rdss.

Vbkid bd wms Goor`khmtor oc Idm`drsbkp roaotkoh @dpmrtadht kh tbd Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG), m cdw ikhds oc bks rdgoaadh`mtkoh wms augb dccdgtkvd cor

ay màksskoh to A. Akh profrma mt tbd Prkhkty Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd kh Wkhfmpord, jdgmusd

K k hot wrktd PODCI dxmakhmtkoh hor tbd Goiidfd dhtrmhgd dxmakhmtkoh. Pbd Wgboimrsbkp

wms trmhscdrrd` croa mhotbdr ckdi` oc trmkhkhf. Kh mhotbdr ckdi` oc bks wore wbkid worekhfwktb tbd AGG, kt wms m rdfrdt tbmt ohd oc bks dccorts, tbd Gdhtrmi Ikjrmry juki`khf proldgt

oc MPDA oh tbd gmapus oc Khsdkh Wdakhmry Bkii, tbd couh`mtkoh oc wbkgb wms imk` kh

=;;:, bms hot ydt jddh rdmikzd` uhtki to`my. Bd hdvdr auraurs cor wdmehdss oc mhy

pmrthdrs kh tbd Akhkstry.

Kt wms oh == @dgdajdr :>>4 wbdh tbd Pd`ka Jmptkst Gburgb kh [mhfoh fmvd m

iuhgb kh bohor oc Zdv` Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf (cor bks mppokhtadht ms Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd oc Mskm) mh` bks wkcd Zdjdggm Btu Hmh mt Mskm

îmzm Botdi, wbkgb wms mttdh`d` jy soad corty gburgb idm`drs oc Pk``ka kmidgt froup kh[mhfoh. K smhf ohd oc tbd sohfs wbkgb bd goaposd` urkhf bks bkfb sgbooi mys mt

Pk``ka, to bohor bka. Ohd stmhzm oc tbd sohf kh Pk``ka kmidgt ruhs<

Edufmw fma skhftdb poio tuk oaiobhm mb,

@mhftmme kh gkamwb em skb`de imktme kh5

Popm‛h edk-m`khf huhhm gketuk bohf pkm m,

Pum auh iuhf`ma kh em tuhfzo tm.

Gborus< Huhtmehm auh mbk, skhftdbtd vuiiobhm,

Jmwhfhmwk ebumkzu idhffmb mhpbm oahm mb5

@mbhmtd huskm tm kh, iuhf`ma kh im em sm khf,

Ebmh‛ tmwhthf humasm tm `khf.

Mctdr rdtkrdadht croa tbd dguadhkgmi Akhkstry wktb tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds, Zdv` Waktb goui` fkvd aord tkad kh otbdr ckdi`s oc Akhkstry. Ohd skfhkckgmht

wore wms tbmt bd rmctd` mh` d`ktd` tbd Gohstktutkoh mh` Jyimws oc tbd Pd`ka Gbrkstkmh

Goiidfd kh [mhfoh, maohf otbdr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy, Khsdkh. Bd miwmys wores bmr` cor

tbd Ior` dvdh mak`st kcckguitkds mt boad. Bd ks stkii strohf mh` mgtkvd mt bks imtd skxtkds. Mtworsbkps how bd stkii skhfs jmss wbkgb ks mfmkhst tbd m`vkgd oc bks ad`kgmi ogtor skhgd

soad corty ydmrs mfo.




BD @K@ COZ OPBDZW, HOP COZ BKAWDIC

Hfurikmhm

K cdit rdmiiy bohord` to jd khvktd` to wrktd m jrkdc mrtkgid oh tbd mutojkofrmpby oc

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf wbo K pdrsohmiiy màkrd` ms ay tdmgbdr mh` ms ohd oc tbd

Gbrkstkmh Hmtkohmi Idm`drs kh Aymhamr. Jdkhf m buamh, Zdv. Waktb, iked otbdrs, wkii bmvd

strdhftbs mh` wdmehdssds kh bks pdrsohmikty. Out oc amhy kssuds, K wkii jrkdciy wrktd ohiy

tbrdd pokhts jdgmusd oc wor` ikaktmtkohs.

^drsohmiiy, K wms wdii mgqumkhtd` wktb bka ckrst wbkid K wms okhf ay Jmgbdior oc

@kvkhkty rofrmaad mt tbd Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy kh =;2;-=;;:. Mt tbmt tkad, bdwms worekhf ms m pmrt-tkad idgturdr mh` K wms ohd oc bks stu`dhts. Bd tmufbt us Dguadhksa

mh` Gburgb mh` Wogkdty. Bks tbdoiofkgmi vkskohs mh` rdcidgtkohs oh tbd sujldgts bd bmhìd`

wdrd dxtrdadiy usdcui, gohtrkjutkhf wk`dr tbdoiofkgmi kssuds cor tbd youhfdr fdhdrmtkohs.

K woui` iked to dapbmskzd ohd kssud wbkgb ks grugkmi cor ad. Kt wms bks prmgtkgmi dxmapid

oc ’ K-Pbou Zdimtkohsbkp.‑ kh bks ikcd mh` tdmgbkhfs. Kt ks tbks rdimtkohsbkp wbkgb guitkvmtds

lustkgd to bks stu`dhts mh` mii pdopid.

Zdv. Waktb ks, kh ay opkhkoh, ohd oc tbd jdst idm`drs kh tbd proaotkoh oc tbdoiofkgmi

dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr. Vbkid bd wms sdrvkhf mt Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, dspdgkmiiy

Buamh Zdsourgd @dvdiopadht, bks bdip towmr`s sgboimrsbkps cor tbosd wbo wmhtd`

tbdkr curtbdr stu`kds mjrom`. Vktb bks khktkmtkohs mh` fuk`mhgd, kccdrdht dhoakhmtkohs

wdrd jidssd` wktb frmùmtds, pmrtkguimriy Amstdr @dfrdd boi`drs croa Vdstdrh mh`

MPDWDM Wgboois. Pbdrd mrd amhy aord to adhtkoh kh tbdsd rdspdgts.... Ohd tbkhf K

woui` iked to adhtkoh ks, ’ Bd `k` cor otbdrs, hot cor bkasdic .‑ Bd bm` octdh jddh

m`vksd` to o m ogtormtd profrmaad, jut bd sdrvd` cor otbdrs to o tbdkr ogtormtds.

Ohd oc ay crkdh`s wbo ks croa m Pd`ka trkjd toi` ad tbmt, bd mppromgbd` Zdv. Waktb cor

bks curtbdr stu`kds wktb tbd bopd oc fdttkhf spdgkmi cmvour ms Zdv. Waktb miso wms m Pd`ka.

Jut Zdv. Waktb msed` bka to wmkt mh` qudud up iked otbdr mppikgmhts. Pbks ks m gidmr

kh kgmtkoh oc bks spkrktumikty wbkgb amkhtmkhs lustkgd kh tbd ak st oc auitkguiturmi mh auitkdtbhkg

gohtdxt oc Aymhamr. Kh cmgt, tbks qumikckds bka ms ohd oc tbd aost trustwortby hmtkohmi

idm`drs.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ; ;

Ms Gburgb rdprdsdhtmtkvd, K vdry octdh mttdh`d` AGG Addtkhfs, JFA, mh`

otbdr hmtkohmi addtkhfs wbdrd Zdv. Waktb wms tbd idm`khf pdrsoh, sdrvkhf ms Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Bks rdsourgdcuihdss kh dgkskoh amekhf wms

rdmiiy rdamremjid mh` wortby oc hotds. Pbks ks m gidmr kh`kgmtkoh oc bks goaaktadht mh`

`dvotkoh to bks wores, rdmiiy wortby oc bohour. K wms toi` jy soad crkdh`s tbmt Zdv.Waktb dhgouhtdrd` quktd m iot oc kcckguitkds wbdh bd wms mjout to o bks stu`y mt Jossdy

mh` ovdrgoad mii tbdsd. Bd miso bm`, ms m buamh jdkhf, dhgouhtdrd` iot oc bmr`sbkps,

trkmis mh` projidas wbkid sdrvkhf mt AGG. Bd ks hot m amh oc dsgmpksa, jut m fdhtidamh

wbo cmgds mii tbdsd wktb cmktb kh Gbrkst. Kh mii tbdsd, K sdd bow Fo` oc tbd oor ks wktb

bka, fuk`khf mh` idm`khf kh bks ikcd.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=> >

AOWP ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

Hkgboims Amhf Pbmhf

K bmvd jddh prkvkidfd` mh` prou` to bohour Aost Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf

jy frddtkhf bka, ’M Sdry Bmppy 34tb Jkrtb @my mh` M` ATIPOW Mhhos.‑

Ckrst mh` cordaost, K woui` iked to tbmhe tbd Ior`, kh pmrtkguimr cor bks vogmtkohmi

Akhkstry ms Dvmhfdikst, ^mstor, sogko-^mstormi Aotkvmtor mh` Gburgbamh cor tbd pmst

amhy ydmrs. Pbdrdcord, K woui` rkfbtiy iked to smy wktb tbd smiakst, ’Fkvd tbmhes to

[mbwdb cor Bd ks foo`, cor bks cmktbcui iovd dhùrds cordvdr‑ (^s. =73<=-:) mh` ’Mggimka

Fo`, mii tbd dmrtb, skhf psmias to tbd fiory oc bks hmad, fiorkcy bka wktb mii your prmksds,

smy to Fo` ’Bow mwdsoad mrd you! [our mgbkdvdadhts mrd tbd admsurds oc your powdr,

your dhdakds woh your cmvour, mii tbd dmrtb jows owh jdcord you, skhfs psmias to you,

skhf psmias to your hmad‑ (^s. 33<=-0).

Kt wms woh`drcui to rdgmii tbmt Zdv. Waktb mh` aysdic adt goapmrmtkvdiy quktd

octdh ms goiidmfuds mh` Gburgbadh mt tbd lokht dguadhkgmi sdsskohs jdgmusd ohgd wd jotb wdrd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmrkds cor tbd rdspdgtkvd AGG mh` Gmtboikg Jksbops‛ Gohcdrdhgd

oc Aymhamr (GJGA). Kt wms mamzkhf tbmt jotb tbd Gbkhs bmppdhd` to jd gmiid` jy Fo`

mt bks sdrvkgd mh` tbd smad tkad to jd tbd ’Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmrkds‑ maohf Fo`‛s Gbkh dtbhkg

pdopid, cor tbd foo` oc mii pdopids kh Aymhamr.

Khtdhtkohmiiy or uh-khtdhtkohmiiy, wd adt two or tbrdd tkads mjrom`, bmppdhd` to

mttdh` tbd smad khtdrhmtkohmi gohsuitmtkoh woresbops khPbmkimh` mh` kh tbd bkikppkhds.

K ehow tbmt Zdv. Waktb ks stkii rdmiiy gohgdrhd` wktb sogkmi dvdiopadht proldgt

cor mii tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr, kh pmrtkguimr tbd Gbkhs. K wms ohgd khgbmrfd oc sogko-^mstormi @dvdiopadht proldgts cor GJGA, mh` Zdv. Waktb bm` tbd uppdr bmh` kh fdttkhf

’sgboimrsbkp‑ mt tbd Mskmh Wogkmi Khstktutd (MWK) cor AGG.

K wksb to adhtkoh soadtbkhf stkii quktd aystdrkous to ad ks tbmt Zdv. Waktb Hfuib

\m Pbmwhf ks pdrsohmiiy spkrktumi amh. Bd sddas to bmvd m bmjkt oc prmykhf kh tbd Gburgb.

^bkikppkhds ks prmgtkgmiiy m Gmtboikg gouhtry mh mii tbd Gmtboikg Gburgbds bmvd tbd prdsdhgd

oc tbd ’Dugbmrkstkg Ldsus‑ kh tbd tmjdrhmgid, wbdrd Zdv. Waktb woui` pdrsohmiiy addt tbd

Ior` cmgd to cmgd. K tbmhe tbd Ior`, maohf amhy otbdrs, cor gbooskhf Zdv. Waktb, mh

kh`kfdhous trkjmi Gbkh, mh Dvmhfdikst, mstor mh` Gburgbamh. Kh rdfmr`s to mii ay prmydrsmh` wksbds, amy K quotd tbd wor`s oc Wt. ^mui, ’Zdadajdr tbd sdrvkgd tbmt tbd Ior`

msskfhd` to you mh` try to gmrry kt out.‑ (Goi. 0<=6).



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =>=

M PZTD WDZSMHP IDM@DZ

^m Wmhf & Eykh Aymkhf

Bdrd mrd tbd wmy wd bmvd ehowh mh` sddh mjout Zdv` Waktb H. \m Pbmwhfskhgd =;2: tkii to`my.

Bd ks m amh oc vdry<

- Fdhtidadh

- Fdhdrous

- @dvotd` oh tbd rdspohskjkiktkds

- Dhtbuskmstkg kh spkrktumi ikcd

- Ekh` mh` mccdgtkohmtd bdmrtd`

- @ddp syapmtbdtkgmi akh`d` to tbd hdd`y ohds- Cmgtumi

- Pkadiy

- Zdspohskjid

- Ckra mh` stmjid kh bdm` mh` akh` mh`

- Zdikmjid

Bd usumiiy ods tbkhfs systdamtkgmiiy.

M amh mjid to bmh` bdipkhf bmh` ms sooh ms posskjid to tbd pdopid wbo hdd`

bdip mt mhytkad, mhypimgd, wbdrdvdr, ms iohf ms bd ks khcorad`.

Bd ks m rdmi idm`drsbkp bdmrtd`, tmekhf rkses cor otbdr pdopid wbo hdd`d`<

- Po smvd

- Po protdgt,

- Po stmh` cor,

- Po jmge up or bdip.

Bd ks rdmiiy sdic-`dhkd` pdrsoh cor tbd aksskoh oc Ldsus Gbrkst.

Bd ks m trud Wdrvmhtboo` Idm`dr.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=> :

KH BOHOZ OC

ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M

PBMVHF

^mre Eyuhf Wdo

’Zdv` Waktb H\P bms jddh ay vdry

oi` luhkor crkdh` mh` ohd oc ay jdst Dgu-

adhkgmi Goiidmfuds croa dmriy 2>‛s up to

prdsdht. Idt ad gohfrmtuimtd mh` rdspdgt ohZdv` Waktb H\P‛s gohtrkjutkohs kh tbd mrdm

oc Dguadhkgmi @ksgkpikhd mh` Dguadhkgmi

Woik`mrkty, dspdgkmiiy ùrkhf tbd tkad oc

Aymhamr‛s vdry kcckguit pdrko`s kh sogkmi mh

poiktkgmi ikcd. Bd bms jddh fkvdh us miwmys vdry

amturd mh` jmimhgd` m`vkgds rdfmr`khf bks

owh hmtkoh, urkhf ay tkad oc Mskm Wdgrd-

tmry oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds

(=;2:-=;;;).

K ma sdh`khf tbks frddtkhf croa

Wdoui vdry bmppkiy wktb ay coradr gmpmgkty

ms Majmssmòr mt imrfd cor Buamh Zkfbts,

ZOE ms wdii ms ay gurrdht gmpmgkty ms

@kstkhfuksbd` ^rocdssor, Dwbm Voadh‛s

Thkvdrskty, Wdoui, Eordm. Amy Fo` jidss

Zdv` Waktb mh` bks cmakiy adajdrs mh`

idt us jd prou` oc bmvkhf Zdv` Waktb kh

our Dguadhkgmi Goaaoh Lourhdy.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =>7

MH DGTADHKGMI ^KOHDDZ

^rmwmtd Ebk`-mrh

Zdtkrdadhts mrd tbd òor to stmrt frdmt tbkhfs.

Pbd wori` gohtkhuds opdh cor Fo`‛s wore.

Pmed kt ms m hdw jdfkhhkhf mh` ckh` hdw dh`dmvors.

K ma dikfbtd` mh` pidmsd` to wrktd tbks adssmfd mt tbks spdgkmi tkad oc rdtkrdadht

oc ohd oc our dguadhkgmi crkdh`s- Zdv. Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf.

Po Zdv. Waktb, K ma pdrsohmiiy frmtdcui to smiutd you cor your d`kgmtd` wore

towmr`s tbd gburgbds kh Aymhamr, kh Mskm mh` tbd khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi cmakiy. K wkii

hot corfdt you cor tbd d`kgmtd` wores you bmvd ohd so cmr cor tbd Gbrkstkmh Gohcdrdhgd

oc Mskm (GGM) dspdgkmiiy urkhf ay tdhurd kh tbks orfmhkzmtkoh (=;;0-:>=>). K wksb you

m frdmt cuturd mbdm` mctdr your rdtkrdadht!

Po dguadhkgmi crkdh`s, Zdv. Waktb bm` jddh rdspdgtd` ms mh outstmh`khf m`vogmtd

kh gburgbds kh Aymhamr, tbd rdfkohmi mh` fiojmi dguadhkgmi aovdadht. Ms mh dguadhkgmi

pkohddr, bd jdfmh bks khvoivdadht kh tbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht urkhf bks stu`dht mys.

Bd jdgmad tbd Wtu`dht‛s pmstor cor Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp (=;6=-=;62) mt

Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty, mh tbd fdhdrmi sdgrdtmry oc Juram (ms how gmiid Aymhamr) Wtu`dht

Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht (JWGA) croa =;6;-=;27. Ms mh dguadhkgmi idm`dr bd m`dqumtdiy

provk d` m iddwmy oh bow tbd Juram Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht gmh jd dhmjid` to

rdmgb tbd frmss root pdopid kh m wmy tbmt kt wkii jdgoad tbd vokgd oc tbd vokgdidss mh`

`ksdhcrmhgbksd` pdopid oc Aymhamr.

@urkhf =;26-:>>4, Zdv. Waktb tooe ovdr tbd idm`drsbkp kh Aymhamr Gouhgki oc

Gburgbds (AGG) kh vmrkous posktkohs mh` rdspohskjkiktkds5 ms Goor`khmtor cor

Goaprdbdhskvd Idm`drsbkp ^roaotkoh ^rofrma (=;26-=;;3), Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry (=;;3-:>>=) mh` Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry (:>>=-:>>4).

Kh bks khtdrhmtkohmi dguadhkgmi lourhdy, Zdv. Waktb wms mgtkvdiy khvoivd kh vmrkous

roids mh` posktkohs hmadiy Zdfkohmi Wtmh`khf Goaakttdd oc tbd Vori` Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh

Cd`drmtkoh Mskm- mgkckg Zdfkoh (=;6;-=;2=), Adajdr, Gburgb mh` Wogkdty Vorekhf

Froup, VGG (=;27-=;;>), Couh`khf adajdr oc Gohfrdss oc Mskm Pbdoiofkmhs (=;;6),

Adajdr oc Dguadhkgmi Mssogkmtkoh oc Pbkr` Vori` Pbdoiofkmhs (=;;4-), Adajdr, GGM

Fdhdrmi Goaakttdd (:>>>-:>>4), Adajdr oc M`vksory Pdma, Vori` Skskoh Aymhamr

(:>>:-:>>4).



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=> 0

Mt tbd tkad oc bks occkgkmi rdtkrdadht kh :>=7, bd gohtkhuds sdrvkhf ms m tdmgbdr kh

vmrkous tbdoiofkgmi goiidfds sugb ms Pd`ka Gbrkstkmh Goiidfd (Jmptkst), [mhfoh, Boiy

Gross Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd (Mhfikgmh), [mhfoh, Jdtbmhy Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry

(^rdsjytdrkmh), Khsdkh, [mhfoh, mh` Iorrmkh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd (Amrm Dvmhfdikgmi),

^bmwemh, [mhfoh.Bd spdgkmikzd` kh tbd mrdms oc gohtdxtumi tbdoiofy, youtb akhkstry, sogkmi

`dvdiopadht, dhvkrohadhtmi gohgdrhs mh` buamh rkfbts gohgdrhs mh` tbdsd mrd mii

rdcidgtd` kh mii mspdgts oc tbd aksskoh oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds. Ms mh

dguadhkst Zdv. Waktb gohtrkjutd` sujstmhtkmiiy to strdhftbdh tbd rdimtkohsbkps oc

gburgbds mh` Gbrkstkmh orfmhkzmtkohs mt iogmi, hmtkohmi, rdfkohmi mh` khtdrhmtkohmi

idvdis.

Bks grktkgmi mh` mhmiytkgmi pokht oc vkdw oh guiturmi, poiktkgmi mh` dgohoakg kssuds

oh amhy oggmskohs mccdgtkhf tbd amlorkty oc pdopid oc Mskm wms dhoufb to khspkrd otbdr dguadhkgmi idm`drs mh` goiidmfuds to ddpdh tbdkr khvoivdadht to tbd akhkstry mh` aksskoh

sdt jy Ldsus Gbrkst. Hohdtbdidss, bks prdcdrdhtkmi optkoh cor tbd gmusd oc tbd poor, dprkvd`

mh` opprdssd` pdopid oc Mskm mh` oc tbd wori` sdrvd` ms mhotbdr fuk`khf prkhgkpid oh

bow mh Mskmh dguadhkgmi aovdadht wkii dvdiop m tbdoiofy rootd` oh tbd gohgrdtd

sktumtkoh oc tbd opprdssd` mh` struffikhf goaauhkty oc Mskm.




ZDS@ WAKPB - MH DGTADHKGMI KHPDZAD@KMZ[

JDPVDDH @KCCDZDHP GTIPTZDW

Zdkhbmr` Eoppd

K adt Zdvdrdh` Waktb cor tbd ckrst tkad kh =;27 urkhf ay vkskt to (coramiiy gmiid`- Juram) Aymhamr. Imtdr, wbdh bd stu`kd` tbdoiofy mt tbd Thkvdrskty oc Jogbua uh`dr tbd supdrvkskoh oc roc. Eohrm` Zmksdr (tbd coradr Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Vori` Gouhgkioc Gburgbds) wd bm` tbd gbmhgd to addt sdvdrmi tkads mh` to khtdhskcy our rdimtkohsbkp.Bd goapidtd bks stu kds mt tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd kh Jossdy/Wwktzdrimh mh kh Fimsfow/Frdmt Jrktmkh kh or`dr to ojtmkh bks Amstdr oc Pbdoiofy. Pbd Dguadhkgmi Wgboimrsbkps^rofrmaad (DW^) tbroufb ÓWV kh Jogbua/Fdramhy spohsord` bks stu`kds croa =;27

to =;23. Cor bks curtbdr wore kt wms vdry kaportmht to ojtmkh tbks jrom`dr dguadhkgmidxpdrkdhgd.@urkhf tbd =;2>s K wored` wktb tbd Mssogkmtkoh oc Gburgb @dvdiopadht Wdrvkgds

(MFED@) kh Wtuttfmrt kh Fdramhy. Pofdtbdr wktb tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (VGG)wd orfmhksd m wori wk d gohsuitmtkoh oh Buamh Zdsourgds @dvdiopadht kh tbd gburgbds.Pbd Juram Gouhgki oc Gburgbds jdgmad mh mgtkvd adajdr oc tbd coiiow-up progdss oc tbks gohsuitmtkoh.

Mctdr bks rdturh to Aymhamr, Zdv. Waktb jdgmad tbd Wgboimrsbkp Wdgrdtmry mh`K tooe ovdr m skakimr rdspohskjkikty ms Bdm` oc tbd Wgboimrsbkp @dpmrtadht oc @kmeohksgbdsVdre/Jrdm` cor tbd Vori` kh Fdramhy. Vd bm` tbd gbmhgd to wore tofdtbdr khtdhskvdiyùrkhf tbd =;;>s. Pbd edy prkorkty wms to k`dhtkcy tbd dùgmtkoh mh` trmkhkhf hdd`s oc tbdGburgbds kh Aymhamr kh vmrkous ckdi`s oc dvdiopadht wore mh` cor curtbdr tbdoiofkgmistu`kds mjrom`.

@urkhf tbks goopdrmtkoh K mpprdgkmtd` tbd mjkikty oc Zdv. Waktb to dvdiop gidmr gohgdpts, wbkid rdspdgtkhf tbd kccdrdht rdqukrdadhts oc tbd gburgbds. Bd bm` frdmtsdhsktkvkty kh jrkhfkhf tbd ’rkfbt pdopid to tbd rkfbt pimgd‑. Bd strohfiy opposd` dgkskohskc bd bm` tbd kaprdsskoh tbmt pdrsohmi khtdrdsts or jdhdckts wdrd kh tbd cordcroht mh` hot

tbd khstktutkohmi khtdrdsts. Bd wms vdry skhgdrd mh` goaakttd`, amekhf surd wd coiiowd`tbd grktdrkm wd bm` mfrdd` upoh. Mh` ms m jdhdckt oc bks stu`kds kh Fdramhy, bd miso`dvdiopd` m foo` uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd rdqukrdadhts oc tbd Fdramh mh` otbdr Gburgb`dvdiopadht orfmhksmtkohs croa Vdstdrh gouhtrkds.




Imtdr oh, bd wms didgtd` to sdrvd ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgkioc Gburgbds. Bd am`d usd oc bks jrom` dxpdrkdhgd wbdh goopdrmtkhf wktb tbd Vori`Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mh` tbd supportkhf Gburgb dvdiopadht orfmhksmtkohs mii ovdr tbdwori`. Kh tbmt gmpmgkty bd rdmiiy jdgmad mh dguadhkgmi khtdrad`kmry jdtwddh kccdrdht

guiturds. Mh` tbd wore oc tbd Gburgbds kh Aymhamr jdhdcktd` croa bks dxpdrkdhgd,gohhdgtkohs mh` ehowid`fd.K bm` miso tbd prkvkidfd to orfmhksd kccdrdht woresbops wktb Zdv. Waktb, dmikhf

wktb vmrkous kssuds oc Buamh Zdsourgds @dvdiopadht, dùgmtkoh mh` trmkhkhf ms wdii mssdic-dvmiumtkoh gohgdpts. Hot ohiy wktbkh tbdsd mgtkvktkds, jut quktd fdhdrmiiy, K miwmysmpprdgkmtd` bks sdrkoushdss, bohdsty mh` gmia hmturd. Bd k` hot spdme iouìy, jutqukdtiy, gohgrdtdiy mh` gohvkhgkhfiy.

@urkhf ay vkskts to Zmhfooh, K miso bm tbd gbmhgd to vkskt vmrkous Wuh`my sdrvkgds.

K stkii rdadajdr ohd vdry kaprdsskvd sdraoh bd dikvdrd` kh bks gburgb. Pbd sujldgt oc tbdsdraoh wms ’uhgoh`ktkohmi iovd‑. Croa m tbdoiofkgmi pdrspdgtkvd, bd grktkgmiiy rdcidgtd`tbd pdrsohmi rdimtkohsbkps wd bmvd wktb otbdr buamh jdkhfs. Kt ks octdh our tdh`dhgy to jmsd our jdbmvkour mh` our rdmgtkohs towmr s otbdrs oh gdrtmkh goh ktkohs. Kh tbmt gohtdxt,Zdv. Waktb corauimtd` mh opposktd vkdwpokht, tbmt dspdgkmiiy kh tbd cmakiy or wktb crkdh`s,iovd bms to jd ’iovd wktbout goh`ktkohs‑. Pbks adssmfd bdipd` ad imtdr oh, wbdh K wmsrdcidgtkhf ay pdrsohmi rdimtkohsbkps.

K ma frmtdcui tbmt K bmvd bm` tbd gbmhgd mh` tbd prkvkidfd to addt Zdv. Waktb mh`

to wore wktb bka cor tbd jdhdckt oc tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr mh` cor tbd strdhftbdhkhf oc dguadhkgmi rdimtkohs jdtwddh tbd Gburgbds kh Aymhamr mh` Fdramhy.Croa Fdramhy, K woui` iked to sdh` mii jdst wksbds cor bka mh` bks cmakiy cor bks

34tb jkrtb`my. Amy Fo` jidss bka, tbd Gburgbds mh` tbd dopid oc Aymhamr.




KH ZDGOFHKPKOH OC M SDZ[ W^DGKMI DZWOH,


Zofdr Vmiedr

Kt ks m rdmi dikfbt mh` bohour to amed tbks samii gohtrkjutkoh to tbd goaadaorm-tkvd voiuad oc Zdv. Waktb‛s mutojkofrmpby.

Ay ckrst addtkhf wktb Zdv. Waktb wms kh [mhfoh kh =;;> wbdh Vori` Skskoh

Khtdrhmtkohmi wms dvmiumtkhf wbdtbdr kt goui` wore kh Aymhamr (Juram) uh`dr tbd

dhvkrohadht tbmt prdvmkid` mt tbmt tkad. Zdv. Waktb provk`d` m aost khskfbtcui Gbrkstkmh

uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd Hmtkohmi sktumtkoh, rdcidgtkhf ddp wksòa mh` Gbrkstkmh cmktb. Bks

dhgourmfdadht wms khstruadhtmi kh Vori Skskoh dstmjiksbkhf mh dhimrfd occkgkmi profrma

kh Aymhamr tbmt bms gohtkhud` to sdrvd tbd pdopid oc Aymhamr skhgd =;;>.

@urkhf tbd pdrko` =;;; uhtki :>>6 wbkid ikvkhf kh Aymhamr, K woui` octdh sdde m`vkgd croa Zdv. Waktb oh goapidx gbmiidhfkhf kssuds mh` miwmys couh` bd wms mjid to

provk d bopd mh` dhgourmfdadht tbmt woui` aost octdh ikct ay spkrkt. Bd woui octdh

provk`d uhkqud khskfbts khto kssuds jdkhf gohsk`drd`.

Zdv. Waktb miso kspimyd` m sdhsktkvd strmtdfkg mppromgb to dhfmfkhf Hmtkohmi

Fovdrhadht idm`drs kh bmvkhf m posktkvd uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd gorrdgt roid oc tbd Gburgb

kh tbd ikcd oc tbd Hmtkoh, ms wdii ms dhfmfkhf kh juki`khf uh`drstmh`khfs mgross rdikfkous

`kvkskohs, sddekhf to proaotd pdmgd mh` rdgohgkikmtkoh mt tbd iogmi mh` hmtkohmi idvdis. Bd

wms vdry dccdgtkvd kh bks dguadhkgmi akhkstry.

Vktb buakikty, bd gohskstdhtiy kspimys bd ks m coiiowdr oc our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst,

ohd wbo ehows tbd corfkvdhdss oc Fo` mh` Bks Frmgd kh bks dvdry`my ikcd dxpdrkdhgds.

Mh` ms sugb ks m strohf khspkrmtkoh to amhy.

Zdv. Waktb ks m vdry dvotd` cmakiy amh.

@urkhf our vkskt to Aymhamr kh Luhd :>=:, kt wms woh`drcui to bmvd cdiiowsbkp

wktb Zdv. Waktb mh to jd dhgourmfd jy tbd tkad oc sbmrkhf oc our ikcd‛s lourhdys, khgiu khf

tkads oc sorrow mh` oc bmppkhdss, mh` rdlokgd mt tbd posktkvd gbmhfds tbmt mrd tmekhf

pimgd kh tbd Hmtkoh.

K gohsk`dr Zdv. Waktb ms ohd oc ay dmrdst crkdh`s mh` prmy bd gohtkhuds to jd

mvmkimjid cor Fo`‛s spdgkmi akhkstry mh` m Jidsskhf cor ovdr amhy ydmrs to goad.




=Maos 4< 0.=4.

ZDM@KHF PBD ''LTWPKGD" ADWWMFD OC MAOW

VKPB A[MHAMZ GBZKWPKMH D[DW

Wmaudi Hfuh Ikhf

Pbks mrtkgid ks jdkhf gohtrkjutd` kh fkvkhf ay frdmt bohor to tbd ikcd mh` wores oc

tbd Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf wboa K bmvd skhgd ay stu`dht ikcd kh AKP ehowh mh`

aost rdspdgtd` maohf Aymhamr gburgb idm`drs ms m frdmt idm`dr wbosd ikcd bm` cor

ydmrs daohstrmtd` cuii kaadrskoh kh tbd proaotkoh oc dguadhkgmi aovdadhts maohf

Aymhamr Gbrkstkmh gburgbds, tbdrdjy sdrvkhf kh tbd dguadhkgmi gkrgid cor dgm`ds ckrst ms

Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry mh` ckhmiiy ms Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Aymhamr Gouhgki

Gburgbds. Po ad, Zdv. Waktb ks mh ojd`kdht, skhgdrd, mh` bohdst sdrvmht oc Fo`, wbosd

ikcd mh` wores bmvd miwmys admht okhf foo` tbkhfs cor Fo` mh` Bks pdopids.

Gry cor Lustkgd

Vbdh ohd rdm`s tbd wboid adssmfd oc propbdt Maos, bd or sbd wkii mppmrdhtiy

sdd tbd mffrdsskvd gohgdrhs mh` grkds oc tbd propbdt cor tbd prdvmidhgd oc lustkgd kh

tbd imh` oc Ksrmdi. Orkfkhmiiy, tbd lustkgd adssmfd oc Maos wms m``rdssd` hot ohiy to tbd

propbdts mh` tbdkr gohtdapormry rdikfkous idm`drs oc Ksrmdi mt tbmt tkad, jut skfhkckgmhtiy to

tbd wboid hmtkoh oc Ksrmdi. Fo`‛s prkamry purposd oc tbd adssmfd wms hot to jrkhf ooa

to tbd hmtkoh, jut rmtbdr tbmt tbd hmtkoh oc Fo` amy turh croa bdr skh to dstmjiksb lustkgd kh

tbd imh`, so tbmt tbd imh` amy kh turh dhloy tbd foo`hdss oc tbd Ior` mh` tbd cuiihdss oc

ikcd. ’Wdde ad mh` ikvd ...., Bmtd dvki mh` iovd foo` mh` dstmjiksb lustkgd kh tbd fmtd,‑

grkd` propbdt Maos.‑=

Mgtumiiy, tbd popuimr dxpdgtmtkoh oc tbd pdopid mh` hmtkoh‛s idm`drs kh Maos‛

tkad wms quktd mcckramtkvd or gohcorad` to tbd cuturd proaksds oc Fo` to Ksrmdi tbmt wdrd

rdgor`d` kh tbd trm`ktkohs oc tbd pmst. dopids strohfiy dxpdgtd` tbd fiorkous my oc

[mbwdb, wbdh mii proaksds oc Fo` to Ksrmdi wdrd to jd cuickiid`, mh` wbdh Ksrmdi woui`

trkuapb ovdr mii bdr dhdakds. Vktb tbks bopd mh` dxpdgtmtkoh, tbd hmtkoh‛s dvdiopadht

mh` prospdrkty wdrd khtdrprdtd` ms m skfh oc Fo`‛s cmvor. Bowdvdr, kh gohtrmst to pdopids‛bopd, Maos smw kh tbd hmtkoh ohiy mrehdss mh` ksmstdr . Bdrd, two ekh`s oc bopd dadrfd`



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =>;

ms tbd grksks pokht ‗ tbd propbdtkg, trutbcui bopd kh Fo`, mh` tbd uh-gdrtmkh, cmisd bopd

kh buamh gmpmgkty. Mfmkhst tbks jmgefrouh`, Maos mrkhfiy prd`kgtd` tbd goakhf oc

òoa, mrehdss, mh` Fo`‛s lu`fadht ovdr tbd hmtkoh oc Ksrmdi. Pbroufb bks adssmfd, wd

sdd tbmt Maos corgdcuiiy mh` mffrdsskvdiy prdmgbd` oh lustkgd mh` rkfbtdoushdss oc gohùgt

rmtbdr tbmh oh tbd kssuds oc cmktb mh` worsbkp, pmrtkguimriy tbd guitkg prmgtkgds. Maossdvdrdiy goh`dahd` tbd dxtdrhmi guitkg prmgtkgds oc rdikfkoh tbmt d-dapbmskzd` or dvdh

`kstortd` tbd khtdrhmi lustkgd vmiuds oc kh`kvkùmi rdikfkous ikcd.

Lustkgd tbmt upboi`s Hmtkoh

Vbmt Maos trkd` to gohvkhgd bks pdopid mh` hmtkoh tbroufb bks adssmfd wms

wbmt tbd rdikfkoh oc [mbwdb dssdhtkmiiy admht to tbda. Po rd-rdm` tbd gbmiidhfds bd am`d

to bks pdopid mh` hmtkoh‛s idm`drs woui` khgiu`d qudstkohs sugb ms ’Ks hot lustkgd tbd

dssdhgd oc rdikfkoh? Mrd hot tbd guitkg prmgtkgds, rktumis, smgrkckgds mh` auskg adrdiy tbddxtdrhmi coras oc m rdikfkoh?‑ Out oc tbdsd procouh` gohvkgtkohs, Maos ckhmiiy gmiid` cor

tbd dh` or gdssmtkoh oc sugb mh dxtdrhmi, sbmiiow jdikdc oc m rdikfkoh tbmt bms octdh hdfidgtd`

tbd khtdrhmi rdimtkohs wktb Fo` mh` Bks pdopid. Pbd bdmrt oc Maos‛ lustkgd adssmfd wms,

tbdrdcord, tbd gohvkgtkoh tbmt ohiy m hmtkoh kh wbkgb tbd lustkgd ciows iked m rkvdr gmh jd, kh

m trud sdhsd, m pdopid kh govdhmht wktb Fo`. Wo cor Maos, tbd cuturd oc Ksrmdi wboiiy

`dpdh`d` upoh bdr kh-`dptb rdimtkohsbkp wktb Fo`. Pbks admhs tbmt jdkhf kvorgd` croa

tbd lustkgd oc Fo`, tbd hmtkoh oc Ksrmdi akfbt qukgeiy pdrksb or succdr croa ooa. Kh m

wk`dr sdhsd, kt gmh jd smk` tbmt tbd cmiis mh` goiimpsd oc hmtkoh stmtds woui` skfhkckgmhtiy jdùd to< ckrst, tbd aormiiy gorruptd` mgts oc kh`kvkùmis sugb ms ksbohdsty oc tbd lu`fds,

grudity oc tbd hmtkoh‛s idm`drs, mh` dxpioktmtkohs oc juskhdss pdopids or imhìor`s. Wdgoh`,

tbd goiimpsd oc tbd hmtkoh akfbt jd ud to imge oc uh`drtmekhf lustkgd-rdspohskjkiktkds jy

jotb poiktkgmi mh` rdikfkous idm`drs oc tbd gouhtry. Kh otbdr wor s, ohd goui` smy tbmt tbd

idm`drs oc Ksrmdi‛s hmtkoh kh Maos tkad bm` goapidtdiy corfottdh tbmt Fo`‛s lustkgd mh`

boikhdss upbdi` tbdkr hmtkoh kh tbd pmst.

Gmrdcuiiy rdm`khf khto tbd bdmrt oc Maos‛ adssmfd oc sogkmi lustkgd, ohd gmh sdd

bow sdrkous Maos wms mjout aormi gorruptkohs tbmt pdrvm`d` bks hmtkoh. Bd put tbd

wboid systda oc sogkdty, wktb kts poiktkgmi, lu`kgkmi mh` guitkg khstktutkohs kh qudstkoh mh`

rmksd` mh mffrdsskvd vokgd mfmkhst povdrty mh` dxpioktmtkoh, wdmitb mh` wkged`hdss, mh`

gorruptkoh, mt mii idvdis. Ohd oc tbd vdry sm` tbkhfs tbmt bm` bmppdhd` to tbd poor kh bks

tkad wms tbd cmgt tbmt tbd rkgb joufbt tbd poor mh` soi` tbda cor m pmkr oc sbods, mitboufb

tbd smgrkckgds tbdy am`d to Fo` kh tbd tdapids wdrd hot dhkd` jy tbd prkdsts.: Pbd

rdikfkous idm`drs, tbd prkdsts oc Maos‛ tkad edpt dikjdrmtdiy jikh` tbdasdivds so ms hot to

sdd tbd rdmiktkds oc tbd sktumtkoh. Bmvkhf sddh sugb m tdrrkjid sktumtkoh, dspdgkmiiy cor tbd

poor mh` tbd amrfkhmikzd , Maos pmkhcuiiy cdit tbd hdd` to stmh` cor lustkgd mfmkhst mii

ekh`s oc dxpioktmtkohs mh` khlustkgds tbmt swdpt ovdr tbd hmtkoh. Bd rosd up mh` dhouhgd`

mii rktumikstkg dxtdrhmi sbowrooa oc rdikfkoh tbmt bm` octdh ovdriooed` tbd succdrkhf oc tbd

: Maos :<3-6.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF== >

poor pdopid. Maos‛ damh` wms vkvkìy tbd cmgt tbmt lustkgd mh` rkfbtdoushdss mrd to jd

gmrrkd` out kh rkfbt gohùgt, mh` kh tbd rkfbt rdimtkohsbkp wktb ohd mhotbdr cor Fo`‛s

`dikfbt. Aordovdr, tbd ioss oc crddòa mh` kfhkty tbmt wdrd ohgd fkvdh to amhy poor

mh` amrfkhmikzd` pdopid kh tbd tkad oc Maos how jdgmad tbd rdmsoh cor tbd Ior`, Fo`,

to mhhkbkimtd mii mgbkdvdadhts oc poiktkgmi mh` rdikfkous idm`drs oc tbmt tkad. Pbd pdrko` oc Maos goui`, tbdrdcord, jd rdfmr`d` ms ohd oc tbd emkros aoadhts kh buamh bkstory wbdh

Fo` `damh`d` bks pdopid cor lustkgd prmxks - hmadiy, kh tbd gmsd oc Maos, sogko-

poiktkgo-rdikfkous trmhscoramtkoh, tbmt ks, to ovdrbmui tbd wboid strugturd oc rdikfkous,

sogkmi, mh` poiktkgmi khstktutkohs.

Pbd Gbmiidhfds oc Maos‛ Lustkgd Adssmfd

Maos‛ lustkgd adssmfd gbmiidhfds ’tbd sdiikhf oc tbd rkfbtdoushdss cor aohdy5‑

’tbd sdiikhf oc tbd hdd`y cor m pmkr oc sbods5‑ ’trmapikhf tbd bdm` oc tbd poor mh` turhkhfmsk`d tbd wmy oc tbd mccikgtd`5‑7 mh` ’turhkhf msk`d tbd hdd`y kh tbd fmtd.‑0 K woui` iked to

amed rdcidgtkohs oh soad kssuds oc tbd adssmfd ms coiiows<

Wdiikhf Zkfbtdoushdss cor Wkivdr< oiktkgmi Khlustkgd

Bow to sdii rkfbtdoushdss cor aohdy? Vbo gmh sdii tbd hdd`y cor m pmkr oc

smh`mis? Vbo mrd tbosd wbo trmapid tbd bdm` oc tbd poor khto tbd ust oc tbd dmrtb? Vbo

turh msk`d tbd wmy oc tbd mccikgtd`? Vbo mrd tbd amh mh` bks cmtbdr wbo fo kh to tbd smad

fkri?

4

Pbdsd pdopid goui` jd hohd otbdr tbmh powdr-boi`drs mh` wdmitb-possdssors,cor tbdy ojtmkhd` powdrs uhlustiy tbroufb kccdrdht admhs mh` coras cor tbdkr owh sdicksb

purposds. Wugb dgm`ds-iohf mjusds oc poiktkgmi mh` dgohoakg powdrs bmvd pimyd` m

skfhkckgmht roid kh proaotkhf tbd guiturd oc akiktmrksa kh ay gouhtry, Aymhamr. Vbdh

akiktmry fovdrhadht sdkzd` powdr kh tbd cora oc akiktmry goup ‛dtmt (=;3:), tbmt powdr

wms m ekh` oc vkoidht sdkzkhf oc pdopids‛ powdr jy m samii diktd akiktmry froup wbkgb bms

hot jddh didgtd` daogrmtkgmiiy. Wugb m kgtmtorkmi cora oc sdkzkhf powdr ks miwmys

gohhdgtd , kh amhy wmys, wktb bk `dh cuhgtkohs oc vmrkous poiktkgmi mh dgohoakg khlustkgds.

Kt ks kh sugb m powdr-mccikgtd` sktumtkoh tbmt powdr-mjusd bms dvdiopd` gohtkhuousiy ms

m guiturd oc akiktmry rdfkad, dsgmimtkhf dxdrgksds oc poiktkgmi powdr vkoidhtiy mh` uhlustiy,

wktb mh khtdhtkoh oc lustkcykhf kts ruidrs cor okhf vkoidht mgtkvktkds kh tbd hmad oc hmtkohmi

`dvdiopadht, pdmgd mh` rdgohgkikmtkoh. Aymhamr dxpdrkdhgd` tbd iohfdst akiktmry ruid kh

tbd wori` to`my ms kt mirdm`y tooe mjout 4> ydmrs skhgd tbd Hd Vkh‛s fovdrhadht tooe kts

powdr kh =;3:. Kh sugb m iohf akiktmrkzd sktumtkoh, wbdrd akiktmry powdr mh` dtbhkg rkfbts

mrd kh gohstmht gohcikgt, pdopid bmvd octdh tdh`d` to ovdriooe tbd root gmusds tbmt ikd

jdbkh` tbd gohcikgt. Mgtumiiy, tbdrd wdrd ho hdged` gohcikgts ms sugb jut amhy dtbhkg

7 Maos :<3-60 Maos 4<=:4 Maos :<3-6



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ===

3 Zoskho Fkjdiikhk,Pbd Ikjdrmtkoh Pbdoiofy @djmtd (Amryehoiis, Hdw [ore< Orjks Jooes,

=;23), 06.6 Cor khstmhgd, kh Aymhamr bkstory, tbd hmtkohmikst aovdadhts uh`dr Kh`dpdh`dhgd bdro,

Fdhdrmi Muhf Wmh (cmtbdr oc Muhf Wmh Wub Eyk) mh` otbdr hmtkohmiksts sugb ms Wmym Wmh mh` T

Vkssmrm skhgd tbd Mhfio-Juram wmrs (=2:3-=244) tbroufbout goiohkmi pdrko` (=244-=;06) rdprdsdhtd`

ikjdrmtkoh aovdadhts tbmt bmvd `daohstrmtd` ‒lust vkoidhgd‛ kh ovdr m gdhtury-oi` bkstory oc tbd

Jrktksb Juram.

gohcikgts mrosd jdgmusd oc tbd rdsuit oc aksamhmfd`, sgmh`mious, mh` gorrupt sogkmi,

dgohoakg, mh` poiktkgmi powdrs or systdas oc tbd ruikhf fovdrhadht.

Kh tbd pmst, tbd akiktmry rdfkad k` hot uh`drstmh` bow pdmgd hdd`s to jd soufbt

miohfsk`d lustkgd. Vbmt tbdy admh jy pdmgd mh` dvdiopadht ks gdrtmkhiy hohd otbdr tbmh

sujlufmtkhf pdopid to m gdrtmkh dfrdd oc gohtroi uh`dr tbd akiktmry ruid. Akiktmrksa bms jddh uh`drstoo` ms mh mrad` corgd to jd usd` ms m admhs cor gohtroiikhf pdopid wktb

gohcikgts kh tbd hmad oc pdmgd mh dvdiopadht, tbmt ks, wktbout pmykhf mttdhtkoh to damh`s

oc tbd poor amlorkty wbo struffid` cor tbdkr owh crddòa, rkfbts mh` survkvmis. Wtrkgtiy

spdmekhf, wbmt akiktmrksa admhs kh ay gouhtry ks dckhktdiy opprdsskoh oc akhorkty pdopids

mh` miso dhkmi oc pdopids‛ rkfbts to ikcd. Bdhgd, amhy bmvd goad to opposd to akiktmry

ruid ms mh dvki systda tbmt bms tdrrorkzd`, tbrdmtdhd` mh` rdprdssd` tbd wkiis oc pdopid

wktb corgd kh m vdry uhlust mh` vkoidht wmy. Jut dvdry mgt or aovdadht oc tbosd wbo bmvd

opposd` dxkstkhf sogko-poiktkgmi systdas oc tbd akiktmry rdfkad mrd jdkhf khtdrprdtd` ms mhmgt oc gouhtdr vkoidhgd, hdfidgtkhf tbdkr rkfbts mh` wkiis cor crddòa croa tbdkr struffids

mfmkhst gdhtrmi powdr. Vktb rdfmr` to sugb m gmsd oc wbdtbdr kt woui` jd idfktkamtd cor

dtbhkg Gbrkstkmhs to tmed mh mrad` rdvoiutkoh mfmkhst tbd proiohfd` tyrmhhy, tbd gdhtrmi

fovdrhadht woui jd m sdrkous tbdoiofkgmi djmtd. Ikjdrmtkoh tbdoiofkmhs kh Imtkh Madrkgm

am`d m kstkhgtkoh jdtwddh tbrdd typds oc vkoidhgd<3(k) tbd khstktutkohmikzd` vkoidhgd ‗ tbd

vkoidhgd wbkgb ks khstktutkohmikzd` kh tbd vdry strugturds oc tbd oakhmht sogkmi or`dr5 (kk)

tbd rdprdsskvd vkoidhgd, wbkgb ks usd` to dcdh` tbd ckrst ohd5 mh` (kkk) gouhtdr vkoidhgd ms

kh`kgmtd` dmrikdr. Kh tbd smad vdkh, buamh rkfbts mgtkvksts bmvd miso gmtdforkzd` vkoidhgdkh two coras< uhlust mh lust coras oc vkoidhgd. Jy tbd coradr, tbdy admh m vkoidhgd tbmt

fods gouhtdr to tbd trdh`s oc buamh bkstory or tbmt dhsimvds buamhekh`. Jy tbd imttdr,

tbdy admh m vkoidhgd tbmt ikjdrmtds pdopid mh` buamh bkstory.6 Pbd uhlust vkoidhgd mppdmrs

wbdh tbd akiktmry corgd ks akstmedhiy dxdrgksd` to tdrrorkzd or tbrdmtdh pdopid mfmkhst

tbdkr wkiis. Pbd qudstkoh bdrd ks< bow to dhgouhtdr akiktmrksa or akiktmry powdr wbdh kt bms

tbrdmtdhd` ikcd, bms mggdidrmtd` cdmrs, mh` bms grdmtd` majkfukty mh` vmrkous otbdr typds

oc aormi gohcuskohs, kh wbkgb lustkgd ks uprootd` croa kts dxkstdhgd.

Ho @dikfbt kh [our Cdmst< Zdikfkous KhlustkgdJy rdikfkous khlustkgd, wd admh mii ekh`s oc ksgrkakhmtkohs, hdfikfdhgd, dxgiuskoh, ksoimtkoh,

gimsskckgmtkoh, opprdsskoh, mh` dxpioktmtkoh oh tbd jmsks oc rdikfkoh or jdikdc. Kh amhy

gmsds, rdikfkous khlustkgd admhs rdikfkous opprdsskohs mh ksgrkakhmtkohs. M frdmt rdikfkous

khlustkgd tbmt wms goaakttd` jy tbd rdikfkous idm`drs mt tbd tkad oc propbdt Maos wms hot

ohiy turhkhf mwmy croa tbd trutb mh` lustkgd oc Fo` jut miso mjuskhf oc tbdkr rdikfkoh,



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF== :

2 Cor khstmhgd, m fovdrhadht sdrvmht wbo ks Gbrkstkmh amy jd `dhkd` bks or bdr proaotkoh to

m bkfbdr rmhe jdgmusd bd or sbd ks m Gbrkstkmh, wbkid m Ju``bkst fdts crdd mggdss to m bkfbdr posktkoh.

Cor curtbdr khcoramtkoh oh rdikfkous `ksgrkakhmtkoh, sdd Zdikfkous ^drsdgutkoh< M Gmapmkfh oc

Dtbhogk`d Mfmkhst Gbkh Gbrkstkmh kh Juram, pujiksbd` jy Wmimk \m Te Ikhf & Wmimk Jmwk Ikmh

Amhf (Ottmwm, Gmhm`m< Gbkh Buamh Zkfbts Orfmhkzmtkoh, :>>0).;Pbd suggdsskvd akiktmry fovdrhadhts hmad` tbdasdivds, tbd ohd ms Wtmtd mh` Imw Or`dr

Zdstormtkoh Gouhgki (WIOZG) mh` tbd otbdr ms Wtmtd mh` ^dmgd @dvdiopadht Gouhgki (W^@G).=>Pbd Hdw Ikfbt oc Aymhamr (kh Dhfiksb) (4 Lmhumry :>>7)< ;.== Akrror (Eyd-auh) Juradsd Hdwspmpdr (:>, :=, :: Mufust :>>:).

dapioykhf kt ms m sbowgmsd or m tooi to amkhtmkh tbdkr dxtdrhmi rdikfkous stmtus quo. Po

iooe mt Aymhamr sktumtkoh wktb tbd dyds oc sugb Maos‛ lustkgd adssmfd, tbdrd mppdmrs

vmrkous coras oc ksgrkakhmtkoh, opprdsskoh, dxpioktmtkoh mh dvdh dtbhogk d oh tbd rdikfkous

frouh`.2

Cmvord` Zdikfkoh<

Wugb m rdikfkous ksgrkakhmtkoh bms octdh bmppdhd` kh m sktumtkoh wbdrd m rdikfkoh

oc ohd froup ks fkvdh m spdgkmi stmtus or cmvor ovdr rdikfkohs oc otbdr froups. Zdikfkous

`ksgrkakhmtkoh kh Aymhamr bms augb to o wktb tbd k`dm oc cmvor-ksa or cmvorktksa oc

tbd amlorkty‛s rdikfkoh. Po amed tbks k`dm gidmrdr, K woui` iked to fkvd Ju``bksa kh post-

goiohkmi Aymhamr ms mh dxmapid. ôst-goiohkmi Ju``bksa kh Aymhamr tooe m cora oc

rdsurfdhgd jdgmusd oc kts giosdr mh` strohfdr gohhdgtkohs wktb trmhsktory sogko-poiktkgmi

powdrs mh` roids.;

Pbd prdsdht akiktmry fovdrhadht rdpdmtdìy ameds m gimka to pdopidsoc mii cmktbs smykhf tbmt tbdrd ks crddòa oc worsbkp mh` ho ksgrkakhmtkoh oh rdikfkous

frouh`s.=> Jut Ju``bksa, wbkgb jdcord wms m rdikfkoh skapiy cmvord` jy tbd stmtd, ks how

hot ohiy rdmcckrad` jy tbd prdsdht akiktmry fovdrhadht, jut miso dhloys m spdgkmi

`kstkhgtkvdhdss or stmtus== ovdr otbdr rdikfkohs, mh` bms tbd stmtd‛s jmgekhf kh mii kts

mgtkvktkds. Vbmt tbks spdgkmi stmtus oc Ju``bksa admhs ks tbd gohtkhukty oc tbd sogko-

poiktkgmi powdr oc Ju``bksa pokhtdìy smhgtkohd` mfmkhst tbd crdd oa mh` aovdadhts oc

otbdr rdikfkohs kh tbd gouhtry. Pbd k`doiofy oc tbks ’cmvord` rdikfkoh‑ tdh`s to akhkakzd tbd

crddòa oc otbdr "uh-cmvord` rdikfkohs" wbkid kt gimkas to dajrmgd mii rdikfkohs to ciourksbtofdtbdr pdmgdcuiiy mh` bmraohkousiy. Pbd hdt rdsuit ks tbmt tbd gohgdpt oc ’ cmvor-ksa or

cmvorktksa‑ jrkhfs mjout rdikfkous ksgrkakhmtkoh or khlustkgd jdtwddh kccdrdht rdikfkous

m`bdrdhts kh tbd gouhtry, miohf tbd dtbhkg/rmgkmi ikhd. Pbks ks tbd frouh` mfmkhst wbkgb tbd

akhorkty dtbhkg Gbrkstkmhs (uh-cmvord` m`bdrdhts) mh` tbd amlorkty Jmramh Ju``bksts

(cmvord` m`bdrdhts) dhgouhtdrd` dmgb otbdr kh m gohcikgt, idm`khf to m jrdmgb oc

goaauhkgmtkoh jdtwddh tbda. Pbks gohcikgt rdsuitd` gohsdqudhtiy kh mh k`dhtkty grksks,

wbdh mh dtbhkgmiiy Jmramh Ju``bkst jdgoads Gbrkstkmh. Jdgmusd, cor m Jmramh Gbrkstkmh

wbo wms gohvdrtd` croa m Ju``bkst jmgefrouh` to jdgoad m Gbrkstkmh ks to mjmhòh bks

or bdr sogko-guiturmi k`dhtkty. Kt ks mfmkh jmsd` oh tbks wrohf gohgdptkoh tbmt amhy Juramh

Ju``bkst hmtkohmiksts bmvd akskhtdrprdtd` jdgoakhf Gbrkstkmh ms mh mgt oc ksioymity to tbd

Ju``bkst sogkdty mh` hmtkoh.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ==7

Th-cmvord` Zdikfkoh<

Ms m rdsuit, miaost mii typkgmi Aymhamr Ju``bksts tdh` to iooe mt Gbrkstkmhkty mh`

kts m`bdrdhts wktb tbks hmtkohmikst dyds ms mh mikdh didadht tbmt ks gohhdgtd` wktb Vdstdrh

guiturmi kapdrkmiksa, mh` bdhgd tbkhe oc Gbrkstkmhkty ms mh kaportd` Vdstdrh rdikfkoh jdkhf

mssogkmtd` wktb tbd goiohkmi sgbdads mh` aovdadhts oc tbd pmst croa wbkgb kt tooe tbdwboid hmtkoh mjout m gdhtury to fmkh kts cuii kh`dpdh`dhgd.=: Kh tbmt gohtdxt, kt wms tbd

Jrktksb goiohkzmtkoh tbmt am`d Gbrkstkmhkty kh Aymhamr guiturmiiy mikdh mh sogko-poiktkgmiiy

uh`dskrmjid cor typkgmi Aymhamr Ju``bksts wbo miwmys gohsk`dr tbdkr ’Ju``bkst cmktb tbd

vdry rmksoh ‛ìtrd oc tbdkr stmtd.‑=7 Gbrkstkmhkty gohtkhuds to rdamkh mh mikdh mh` uh`dskrmjid

didadht kh tbd dyds oc tbd Ju``bkst hmtkohmiksts kh post-kh`dpdh`dhgd pdrko`. Bdhgd, tbd

frowtb oc Gbrkstkmh gburgbds kh Aymhamr gohtkhud to jd iooed` mt dhvkousiy mh`

suspkgkousiy ms jdkhf pmrt oc Vdstdrh guiturmi khtdrcdrdhgd kh tbd gouhtry‛s khtdrhmi mccmkrs,

mh` ms jdkhf mssogkmtd` wktb tbd aksskohmry mfdhgkds or gburgbds sdrvkhf ms spohsorkhf jo`kds. Kh rdspohsd to tbdsd gbmiidhfds, tbd Jmptkst gburgbds wbkgb rdprdsdht tbd amlorkty

Gbrkstkmh popuimtkohs kh Aymhamr bmvd dvdiopd` tbrdd sdic-`dpdh`dht prkhgkpids< sdic-

support, sdic-propmfmtkoh mh` sdic-fovdrhmhgd kh or`dr to dgohstrugt mh` rdgohstrugt kh

m hdw wmy wktb tbd mk`s oc mvmkimjid Aymhamr rdsourgds. Wugb m dgohstrugtkoh mh`

rdgohstrugtkoh progdss woui` jd m frdmt gbmiidhfd tbmt tbd Aymhamr gburgbds woui` iked

to uh`drtmed.

Prmapikhf Tpoh tbd oor< Wogkmi KhlustkgdWogkmi lustkgd ks tbd rdgofhktkoh oc tbd rkfbts mh` ojikfmtkohs oc kh`kvkùmis mh` m

sogkdty. Ohd oc kts fomis ks cuii pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbd khstktutkohs mh` progdssds oc sogkdty.

Pbd rdvdrsd oc tbks mgtkoh sugb ms dxgiuskoh mh` amrfkhmikzmtkoh oc tbd poor ks tbd cora oc

sogkmi khlustkgd.=0 Wogkmi khlustkgd kh Aymhamr amy bmvd to o wktb kssuds sugb ms woadh

trmcckgekhf, gbki` imjors, mh` ksgrkakhmtkohs oh tbd jmsks oc rmgd mh` rdikfkoh. Aymhamr

woadh dxpdrkdhgd amid-òakhmtd` pmtrkmrgbmi guiturds tbmt mrd khdxtrkgmjiy gohhdgtd`

wktb tbd dxkstkhf Ju``bkst, Gbrkstkmh, mh` prkami cmktb trm`ktkohs. Kt wms tbroufb tbdsd

cmktb-jmsd` pmtrkmrgbmi guiturds tbmt Aymhamr woadh wdrd mgguiturmtd` to sujlufmtd

tbdkr roids ms khcdrkor to adh. Aymhamr Ju``bkst fkris mrd hot horamiiy miiowd , cor khstmhgd,

to fo tbroufb m gdrdaohy oc wbmt ks gmiid` kh Juradsd, sbkhpyu - m gdrdaohy oc khktkmtkoh

khto Ju``bkst hovkgd-boo`. Aymhamr Ju``bkst woadh mrd hot qumikckd` gmh`k`mtds cor

dhtdrkhf Hkrvmhm, mh` to jd m woamh ks gohsk`drd` m rdsuit oc jm` emram (`dd`s) kh tbd

=: Aymhamr wms khvm`d` jy tbd Jrktksb kh =2:4, =24: mh` =224. Wkhgd (=224) tbdh tbd

wboid gouhtry jdgmad tbd provkhgd oc Kh`km uhtki =;76. Zdfmkhd` kh`dpdh`dhgd oh 0 Lmhumry

=;02, mt 0<:> ma uh`dr tbd idm`drsbkp oc Fdhdrmi Muhf Wmh, Aymhamr lokhd` tbd Thktd` Hmtkohstbd smad ydmr mh` jdgmad m adajdr oc MWDMH kh =;;6.

=7 F.D. Bmrvdy, Jrktksb Zuid kh Juram, =2:0-=;0: (Iohòh, =;03), :4-:3.=0 Vdstakhstdr @kgtkohmry oc Pbdoiofkgmi Pdras, jy @ohmi` E. AgEka. (Iouksvkiid, Edhtugey<

Vdstakhstdr Lobh Ehox rdss, =;;3), =4:.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF== 0

=4 Mhhm Amy Wmy ^m, ’Jkrtbkhf mh Mskmh Cdakhkst Pbdoiofy kh tbd Cmgd oc tbd @rmfoh< M

Juradsd ^drspdgtkvd,‑ kh ZM[W AKP Lourhmi oc Pbdoiofy, voi. 7 (Cdjrumry, :>>:), :=.

=3 Wdd Ikgdhsd to Zmpd, m rdsdmrgb jooe oh woadh‛s kssuds jy tbd Wbmh Buamh ZkfbtsCouh`mtkoh mh` tbd Wbmh Voadh‛s Mgtkoh Hdtwore (pujiksbd` kh Amy, :>>:).

=6Zdkhboi` Prmktdr-Dspkrktu, ’Skoidhgd Mfmkhst Voadh‛s Jo`kds,‑ kh Voadh Zdskstkhf Skoidhgd<

Wpkrktumikty cor Ikcd, d`ktd` jy Amry Lobh Amhmhzmh mh` dt mi., (Amryehoii, H.[.< Orjks Jooes,

=;;3), 3;.

pmst ikcd. Gbrkstkmh woadh mrd ho dxgdptkoh kh tbmt tbdkr akhkstdrkmi or khmtkoh ks stkii rdldgtd`

jy amhy gburgb idm`drs. Zdikfkoh mh` guiturd bmvd, tbdrdcord, strohfiy oakhmtd` jotb

tbd Ju``bkst, Gbrkstkmh mh prkami rdikfkous Aymhamr woadh‛s ikvds so tbmt dvdh dùgmtd

woadh wkii support m vkdw tbmt tbdy mrd idss wortby tbmh adh, mh` tbmt tbdy cddi tbmt tbdy

ò hot hdd` ikjdrmtkoh croa amid oakhmhgd.=4

Skoidhgd mfmkhst woadh ks dxpdrkdhgd` octdh ms m rdsuit oc rmpds dikjdrmtdiy

goaakttd` jy akiktmry pdrsohhdi kh gdrtmkh rdfkohs. Cor khstmhgd, kh rdfkohs wbdrd akhorkty

dtbhkg pdopid rdsk`d, tbdrd mrd octdh rdports oc khgk`dhts oc rmpds mh` otbdr vmrkous coras

oc sdxumi vkoidhgd goaakttd` jy akiktmry adh mh` tbdkr gouhtdrpmrts. Amhy Aymhamr

woadh mrd` hot rdport sugb khgk`dhts oc sdxumi mssmuit or vkoidhgd. Ohd rdmsoh ks

jdgmusd oc tbd cdmr oc jdkhf torturd` jy tbosd rmpksts, mh` tbd otbdr ks jdgmusd oc tbd

prdssurds oc Aymhamr (Ju``bkst mh` prkami rdikfkous) guiturd ocsbmad oh sdxumi amttdrs.

Pbdrd bmvd jddh vdrjmi rdports, uhrdvdmid` ruaors or sdgrdt tmies oh m huajdr oc gmsdsoc sdxumi bmrmssadht mfmkhst woadh tbmt mrd jdikdvd` to bmvd bmppdhd` jdtwddh akiktmry

adh or occkgdrs mh` woadh occkgd woredrs or youhf mttrmgtkvd fkris kh sdvdrmi dtbhkg

rdfkohs. Woad youhf fkris kh gdrtmkh dtbhkg rdfkohs bmvd jddh smk`, cor khstmhgd, to bmvd

jddh systdamtkgmiiy pdrsum`d` khto sdxumi bmrmssadht jy akiktmry adh tbroufb sdgrdt

sdxumi jroedrs wbo wdrd wdii-pmk`. @ud to khgrdmsd` akiktmrkzmtkoh mh` mhtk-khsurfdhgy

admsurds kh soad Pbmk-Aymhamr jor`dr rdfkohs sugb ms Vm mh` Wbmh stmtds, woadh

mrd khgrdmskhfiy vuihdrmjid to rmpd or corgd` to amrry akiktmry adh.=3 Kh sugb m sktumtkoh,

rmpds octdh tooe pimgd wbdh woadh wdrd gmufbt outsk`d m vkiimfd or portdr gmap, wbdhwoadh wdrd corgd` to portdr, mh` wbdh tbdy wdrd corgd` to stop mt akiktmry gbdgepokhts.

Kh sugb m gmsd, skhgd woadh‛s jo`kds wdrd octdh vkdwd` (jy tbd amid mrakds kh tbks

gohtdxt) ms sdxumi ojldgts oc sdic-dhloyadht, ’pbyskgmi vkoidhgd mfmkhst woadh bms jdgoad

mh kaportmht fdh`dr-rdimtd` kadhskoh.‑=6 Pbks vkoidhgd mfmkhst woadh jdgoads miaost

iked m uhkvdrsmi guiturd oc akiktmrksa. Bdhgd, rdbmjkiktmtkoh oc tbd ikvds oc prostktutds,

proaotkoh oc tbd sogkmi stmtus oc torturd`, rmpd`, dspksd` woadh, sdgurkhf tbd sdgurkty

oc mssmuitd` mh` opprdssd` woadh, protdgtkhf tbd rkfbts oc outgmst, kspossdssd` mh`

`ksgrkakhmtd` woadh mh` spkrktumi gmrd or gouhsdikhf cor BKS/MK@W vkgtkakzd` woadh

bmvd jdgoad tbd aost gbmiidhfkhf tbdoiofkgmi kssud mh` m bkfbiy damh`d` aksskoh tmse

oc tbd gburgb kh Aymhamr to`my.




=2 Jdcord =;3>s, Aymhamr (Juram) prk`d` bdrsdic bmvkhf m iktdrmgy rmtd oc aord tbmh ;>% mh`

kh pimgkhf bkfb vmiud oh youtb dùgmtkoh. Wkhgd =;22, iktdrmgy rmtds jdfmh to dgikhd to 27%.(Wdd

Vori` Miamhmg, :>>:). Ms uhkvdrsktkds wdrd giosd` croa =;2; tbroufb :>>> amhy stu`dhts (dstkamtd`

7>>,>>> stu`dhts kh :>>>) mrd wmktkhf cor mggdptmhgd.

Purh msk`d tbd Hdd`y< Dgohoakg Khlustkgd

Jy dgohoakg khlustkgd, wd admh mh uhdqumi or kajmimhgd` kstrkjutkoh oc wdmitb,

propdrtkds, imh`s, rdsourgds, mh` dhkmi oc kh`kvkùmi rkfbts or mggdssds to dùgmtkoh,

juskhdss, mh` ikvdikboo`. Akhorkty dtbhkg Gbrkstkmhs, pmrtkguimriy tbd bkiiy pdopids, bmvd

dxpdrkdhgd` m vmrkdty oc dgohoakg bmr`sbkps ùrkhf tbd pmst `dgm`ds oc dgohoakgrdprdsskoh uh`dr tbd akiktmry ruid. Pbd dxtrdad povdrty, goajkhd` wktb gorruptd` aormi

mh` sogko-poiktkgmi supprdsskohs, bmvd edpt coie pdopids kh bopdidsshdss mh` mhxkdty cor

tbdkr cuturd. Cdmr, mhxkdty, uhgdrtmkhty, mh` bopdidsshdss bmvd mapdhd` pdopids‛ aormi

ojikfmtkoh to upboi` trutb mh` lustkgd.

Jdkhf ksoimtd` cor dgm`ds croa tbd wori` goaauhkty mh` kts mgm`dakg khqukry,

tbd uhkvdrskty dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr bm` jdfuh to goiimpsd skhgd =;22.=2 Pbd Thkvdrskty

dùgmtkoh systda dspdgkmiiy kts gurrkguiuas, goursds, poor khstrugtkohs, imge oc tdxtjooes,

out`mtd` mh` ikaktd` rdsourgds, mii bmvd rdsuitd` kh poor qumikty uhkvdrskty dùgmtkoh.Vbdh uhkvdrsktkds mh` goiidfds wdrd occkgkmiiy rdopdhd` kh :>>>, mctdr m twdivd ydmrs iohf

goiimpsd (=;22-:>>>), amhy uhkvdrskty mh` goiidfd stu`dhts mh` tdmgbdrs wdrd dikjdrmtdiy

kspdrsd mh rdiogmtd kh tbd sujurjs wktb poor trmhsportmtkoh mh goaauhkgmtkoh cmgkiktkds.

Wkhgd amhy poor stu`dhts goui` hot mccor` goaautkhf wktb tbosd kstmht goiidfds iogmtd`

kh sujurjmh mrdms oc tbd gktkds, amhy youhf pdopid bmvd fkvdh up tbdkr uhkvdrskty dùgmtkoh.

Pdmgbdrs woui` dhfmfd tbdasdivds aord kh fkvkhf prkvmtd boad tuktkoh tbmh tdmgbkhf kh

tbd Thkvdrsktkds mh` goiidfds ms tbdy gmh dmrh tbrdd tkads oc tbdkr aohtbiy smimrkds jy

prkvmtd boad tuktkohs.

Idt Lustkgd ruh owh iked Vmtdr (Maos 4<:0)< Dgo-Lustkgd

Pbd jooe oc Maos ks gohgdrhd` hot ohiy cor sogkmi lustkgd jut miso cor dgo-

lustkgd kh tbd imh . Maos gbmptdr 4 dapbmskzds tbd sogkmi mspdgt oc tbd lustkgd adssmfd oc

Maos wbkid otbdr gbmptdrs dspdgkmiiy gbmptdr :, 0 mh` 2, strdssds tbd tbdoiofkgmi

skfhkckgmhgd cor dgo-lustkgd sugb ms tbd kssuds oc grdmtkoh, imh` mh` spmgd mh` tbdkr rdimtkoh

to sogkmi lustkgd. Maos 0<=7 smys, ’Cor jdboi`² Bd wbo coras aouhtmkhs mh` grdmtds tbd

wkh`, .... mh` ameds tbd aorhkhf mrehdss, wbo trdm`s tbd bkfb pimgds oc tbd dmrtb ‗ tbd

Ior` Fo` oc bosts ks Bks hmad.‑

Dgo-lustkgd ks m pdrspdgtkvd tbmt goajkhds gohgdrhs oc dgoiofy mh lustkgd, coguskhf

oh tbd usd mh` gmrd oc tbd ikaktd` rdsourgds oc dmrtb kh wmys tbmt mrd lust mh` jdhdckgkmi cor

tbd buamh goaauhkty. Pbd gord oc Maos adssmfd kh 4<:=-:0 gmiis cor lustkgd to roii

òwh iked wmtdrs mh` rkfbtdoushdss iked mh dvdrimstkhf strdma. Kt dhouhgd` tbd guit

strohfiy cor kt dapbmskzd` ohiy tbd dxtdrhmi mh` rktumi sk`ds oc rdikfkoh. Bks damh` wms

tbmt lustkgd mh` rkfbtdoushdss jd gmrrkd` out kh tbd rkfbt gohùgt, mh` kh tbd rkfbt rdimtkohsbkp




wktb ohd mhotbdr cor tbd dikfbt oc [mbwdb. Lustkgd mh` rkfbtdoushdss cor Maos mrd giosdiy

gohhdgtd` wktb rkfbt gohùgt kh sogkdty. Pbd ioss oc crddòa oc amhy cdiiow gktkzdhs wms

m tdrrkjid grkad kh Maos‛s dyds mh` kt jdgmad tbd rdmsoh cor tbd Ior` to ojiktdrmtd mii tbd

mgbkdvdadhts oc tbd rdikfkous idm`drs. Pbus Maos fmvd m gimrkoh gmii tbmt lust ms tbd dmrtb

hdd`s wmtdr so miso tbd sogkdty aust jd wmtdrd` jy lustkgd mh` rkfbtdoushdss kh or`dr to jrkhf kh m pdmgdcui ikcd. Pbdoiofkgmiiy spdmekhf, tbd kssuds oc grdmtkoh, imh` mh` spmgd mrd

cuh`madhtmi mh couh`mtkohmi to jkjikgmi tbdads oc ikjdrmtkoh, lustkgd mh pdmgd. Pbroufbout

tbd bkstory oc tbd gburgb, jrkhfkhf lustkgd to buamhkty, grdmtkoh, mh` imh` wdrd hdvdr two

mfdh`ms, jut wdrd miwmys ohd mfdh`m wktb two mspdgts. Kh cmgt, jrkhfkhf lustkgd to grdmtkoh,

imh` mh` spmgd ks dqumiiy jrkhfkhf sogkmi lustkgd to buamh kfhkty.

Maos qudstkohd` tbd wboid systda oc sogkdty wktb kts poiktkgmi, lu`kgkmi mh` guitkg

khstktutkohs mh` rmksd` bks propbdtkg vokgd mfmkhst opprdsskoh, wdmitb mh` wkged`hdss,

mh` gorruptkoh mt mii idvdis. Kh otbdr wor`s, Maos strohfiy opposd` tbd goaadrgkmikzmtkohoc lustkgd mh` rdikfkoh. Kh tbd tkad oc Maos, cor khstmhgd, tbd projidas oc povdrty,

opprdsskoh mh` sogkmi gohcikgts goui` hot jd uh`drstoo`, wktbout uh`drstmh`khf tbd kssuds

oc imh`, spmgd mh` grdmtkoh. M skakimr sktumtkoh dxkstd` cor tbd smiakst wbo smys, ’Vbdh

tbdrd ks lustkgd kh tbd imh`, tbd ckdi`s mh` cordsts mh` dvdry ikvkhf tbkhf wkii mhgd mh` skhf

cor loy‑ (^smia ;3<==-=:). Wpmgd mh` tkad mrd jdkhf dckid` wbdh tbd rkgb juy tbd poor

cor skivdr mh` tbd hdd`y cor m pmkr oc smh`mis. Pkad ks poiiutd` wbdh eddpkhf tbd wmfds oc

m imjordr uhtki aorhkhf. Jut tkad mh` spmgd mrd jdkhf jidssd` wbdh wd iovd our hdkfbjors

ms wd iovd oursdivds. M hmtkoh sbmii jd jidssd` ohiy wbdh tbd prmgtkgd oc lustkgd ks cuiiyrdmikzd` kh kts imh`. Dgo-tbdoiofy or dgo-spkrktumikty ks m tbdoiofy oc sddekhf lustkgd kh mii

mspdgts oc buamh ikcd.

K vdry augb mfrdd wktb Lurfdh Aoitamhh wbdh bd smys, ’wd sbmii hot jd mjid to

mgbkdvd sogkmi lustkgd wktbout okhf lustkgd cor hmturmi dhvkrohadht mh` kh tbd smad wmy,

wd sbmii hot jd mjid to mgbkdvd lustkgd cor hmturd wktbout okhf sogkmi lustkgd.‑=; Kh tbks

sdhsd, ohd gmhhot o m`dqumtd tbdoiofy wktbout rdimtkhf to tbd kssud oc imh`, spmgd mh`

grdmtkoh. M tbdoiofy tbmt m``rdssds buamhkty miohd mh` idmvds tbd rdst oc tbd gosaos uh-

m``rdssd` woui` jd mh khgoapidtd tbdoiofy. Pbdoiofy jdgoads kapotdht or wdme wbdh

kt m``rdssds ohiy buamhkty mh` idmvds tbd rdst uhrdimtd` to buamhkty. Pbdoiofy aust jd

khgiuskvd oc mii buamh mfdh`ms. Aoitamhh gohtkhuds to ksguss mh mutbdhtkg Gbrkstkmh

ikjdrmtkoh tbdoiofy uh`dr cour gmtdforkds. M fdhukhd ikjdrmtkoh tbdoiofy aust, bd smys,

miwmys jd<

(=) kh tbd struffids cor dgohoakg lustkgd mfmkhst tbd dxpioktmtkoh oc amh5

(:) kh tbd struffids cor buamh kfhkty mh` buamh rkfbts mfmkhst poiktkgmi opprdsskohs

oc amh,

(7) kh tbd struffids cor pdmgd wktb hmturd mfmkhst tbd khùstrkmi dstrugtkoh oc tbd

dhvkrohadht mh`

=; Lurfdh Aoitamhh, Pbd Cuturd oc Grdmtkoh, =;6;, ==>-==:.




(0) kh tbd struffids cor bopd mfmkhst mpmtby kh mssdrtkhf tbd skfhkckgmhgd oc tbd

wboid kh pdrsohmi ikcd.

Pmiekhf mjout dgo-khlustkgd, kt sboui` jd hotd` tbmt dgo-khlustkgd tofdtbdr wktb

tbd gohgdrhs oc sogkmi khlustkgd oggurs kh m goaauhkty ud to tbd coiiowkhf rdmsohs< (=)

jdgmusd oc buamh sdicksbhdss, frdd mh mh dxpioktmtkvd mttktu`d towmr` hmturd mh` aotbdr dmrtb5 (:) jdgmusd oc buamh rdikfkous aksgohgdptkohs mh` hdfmtkvd mttktu`ds towmr` hmturd

mh` grdmtkoh, mh` (7) jdgmusd oc dgohoakg mh` poiktkgmi dxpioktmtkoh oc hmturmi rdsourgds

mh` buamh dhvkrohadht kh tbd hmad oc dvdiopadht. K woui` iked to bkfbikfbt tbd mjovd

tbrdd pokhts kh tbd coiiowkhf.

Pbd ckrst rdmsoh bms to o amkhiy wktb buamh hmturd. Pbdrd mrd jm` aormi sdd`s

khbdrdht kh buamh hmturd sugb ms sdicksb dh`s, frdd` mh` kfhormhgd, mh` kh`kccdrdhgd.

Pbdsd aormi jdbmvkors mrd vdry jmskg to vmrkous dhvkrohadhtmi mh` sogkmi grksds to`my.

Amhy pdopid, dspdgkmiiy Gbrkstkmhs, mrd hot ohiy frdd`y jut mrd dvdh dxpioktmtkvd oc hmturmi rdsourgds. Fmh`bk oc Kh`km bm` ohgd smk`, ’Pbd dmrtb gmh provk`d cor our hdd`

jut hot cor our frdd .‑ Buamh frdd` cor aord possdsskohs dpidtds hmturmi rdsourgds

mh` dgo-ikcd systdas. Mh dgoiofkst ohgd sboutd` out msekhf wbo ks to jimad cor tbd

ohrusbkhf dhvkrohadhtmi grksds, mh` mhswdrd`, yds, ’K bmvd adt tbd dhday mh` tbmt dhday

ks kh ad.‑

Pbd sdgoh` rdmsoh bms to o wktb our owh rdikfkoh. K ma quktd kh mfrddadht wktb

wbmt Iyhh Vbktd, mh Madrkgmh dgo-bkstorkmh, smk` tbmt tbd root oc dgo-khlustkgd ks imrfdiy

rdikfkous mh` so tbd rdad`y aust jd miso rdikfkous. Wo cor Iyhh Vbktd, Gbrkstkmhkty jdmrsm bufd jur`dh oc fukit cor tbd dgo-khlustkgds. Vbmt Iyhh Vbktd pokhts out bdrd ms tbd amkh

root gmusd cor dgo-khlustkgd ks tbd Lu`do-Gbrkstkmh akstmedh k`dm oc amh‛s oakhkoh ovdr

grdmtkoh jmsd` oh Fdh.=<:2. Vd, amhy Gbrkstkmhs, mctdr wd jdgoad Gbrkstkmhs, jdfkh to

crddiy dxpiokt hmturd mh` dhvkrohadht wktbout mhy tboufbt oc wbmt gmh bmppdh to tbda

mh` to buamhkty. Gbrkstkmhkty ktsdic cmkid` to tdmgb us mjout dgo-lustkgd, dspdgkmiiy Gbrkstkmh

dtbkgs towmr` buamh dhvkrohadht mh` hmturd. Pbd tbkr` rdmsoh ks rdimtd` to dtbkgmi gohgdrh.

Vktbout dtbkgmi gohgdrh cor hmturd, tbdrd gmh jd ho dgo-lustkgd. Pbd jkjikgmi gohgdpt oc

rkfbt mh` wrohf ods hot dh` wktb amh to amh dtbkgmi rdimtkohs, jut kt dxtdh`s curtbdr to

amh-hmturd dtbkgmi rdimtkohs. Mggor`khf to Zo`drkge Hmsb, mh dgoiofkst mh` tbdoiofkmh,

’dtbkgs aust uh`drikd tbd dhvkrohadhtmi gohgdrhs kc kt ks rdmiiy to suggdd` kh trmhscorakhf

buamh‛s tboufbt mh` mgtkohs. Gohsdrvmtkoh oc dhvkrohadht aust jdgoad m amttdr oc

aormikty, hot adrdiy m amttdr oc dgohoakgs or oc mdstbdtkgs or dvdh oc imw.‑ Dgo-lustkgd

ks m amttdr oc aormi gohgdrhs tbmh m amttdr oc dgohoakgs. Hmsb gohtkhuds to pokht out

tbmt tbd root projida kh tbd amh-hmturd rdimtkoh ks hot rdmiiy wbmt amh ameds, jut tbd

aormi mttktu`ds amh bms towmr`s hmturd. Bdhgd, kh or`dr to mgbkdvd dgo-lustkgd, mh

dhvkrohadhtmi dtbkg, wbkgb ks to sdde tbd khhdr trmhscoramtkoh kh tbd kh`kvkùmi to jrkhf out

m souh` dhvkrohadht mh` dgo-lustkgd, woui` jd m hdgdssmry mh` `damh`khf cmgtor.

^dopid to`my mrd dxpioktkhf mh` dstroykhf hmturd mh` dhvkrohadht jdgmusd kt ks

tbd wmy wd tbkhe, wd jdikdvd mh` wd jdbmvd. Kh cmgt, uhidss wd gbmhfd our drrohdous

vkdws mh` gohgdptkohs oh hmturd mh` grdmtkoh to`my, wd amy hot jd mjid to mgbkdvd dgo-




lustkgd. Vd hdd` to gbmhfd croa hmturd- gohqudrkhf vkdw to m hmturd-rdvdrdhgd vkdw

wktb rdfmr` to tbd khtdfrmtkoh oc Fo`‛s grdmtkoh. Kh tbd vkdw oc dgo-tbdoiofy, buamh

jdkhfs mrd ho iohfdr sddh ms tbd growh oc grdmtkoh jut rmtbdr tbdy mrd sddh ms pmrt oc tbd

ikvkhf orfmhksa. Pbd procouh` stu`y oc tbks buamh-hmturd rdimtkohsbkp ks gmiid` ‒`ddp

dgoiofy.‑ Pbd gdhtrmi k`dm oc ddp dgoiofy ks tbmt buamh jdkhfs mrd pmrt oc tbd dmrtbrmtbdr tbmh mpmrt mh` sdpmrmtd croa kt. @ddp dgoiofy ks m boikstkg mppromgb to dxpdrkdhgkhf

ohdsdic ms pmrt oc tbd ikvkhf dmrtb mh` ckh`khf bks or bdr roid kh protdgtkhf tbd pimhdt. Pbks

k`dm ks miso pmrt oc wbmt ks gmiid` ’tbd Fmkm Bypotbdsks,‑ m tbdory hmad` mctdr tbd hmad oc

tbd mhgkdht Frdde fo``dss oc tbd dmrtb. ’Pbd Fmkm Bypotbdsks‑ amkhtmkhs tbmt tbd dmrtb ks

mikvd ms ikvkhf systdas mh` tbmt buamh jdkhfs mrd pmrt oc kt. Pbks tbdory dapbmskzds m ikcd-

gdhtdrd` spkrktumikty mh` tbd khtdrgohhdgtd` wdj systda oc Fo`‛s grdmtkoh.

Ckhmiiy, K woui` iked to rdgoaadh` tbd gburgbds to<(=) Zddxmakhd our akstmedh tbdoiofkgmi gohgdptkohs mh` wori`vkdws oh our

rdimtkohs to hmturd mh` buamhkty mh` ckh` tbdoiofkgmi, sogkmi, dgohoakg mh` poiktkgmi

soiutkohs cor tbd root gmusds.

(:) Zdvkskt sgrkpturds or tbd Jkjid to idmrh croa kt wbmt kt tdmgbds mjout dgo-

lustkgd. Vd bmvd stu`kd` tbd Jkjid cor gdhturkds wktbout ehowkhf mjout dgo-lustkgd,

mjout dmrtb eddpkhf, mh` mjout buamh rdimtkoh to dhvkrohadht. Kt ks tbdrdcord

kaportmht to rdm` tbd Jkjid wktb opdh dyds to sdd dgo-projidas.

(7) Zdkhvdst kh pujikg dùgmtkoh. ûjikg dùgmtkoh ks aost kaportmht cor tbdmgbkdvdadht oc dgo-lustkgd kh sogkdty. Iogmi gburgb mh` goaauhktkds bmvd tbd powdr

to jrkhf mjout sogkmi mh` dhvkrohadhtmi gbmhfd. Dùgmtkhf our pdopid kh m wmy tbmt

tbdy jdgoad dgo-lustkgd mh` sogkmi lustkgd mgtkvksts ks vdry kaportmht mh` aost

powdrcui.

Wdde Ad mh` Ikvd (Maos 4<0)< Pbd ]udst cor m Hdw Vori`

Pbd mcordadhtkohd` kssuds bmvd goapdiid` Aymhamr gburgbds to rdtbkhe bow to

ò tbdkr aksskoh mh` tbdoiofy kh m hdw wmy kh tbd ak`st oc tbosd gbmiidhfds. Voui` m hdw

wori` jd posskjid cor tbd pdopids kh Aymhamr? @dspktd tbd prdvmidhgd oc poiktkgmi khlustkgd,

dgohoakg gorruptkoh, mh` vmrkous rdikfkous opprdsskohs, wd wksb to ckh` kh sugb m sktumtkoh

oc bopdidsshdss m fikaadr oc bopd to amed our ka cuturd jrkfbtdr. Vd jdikdvd tbmt bopd

kh Gbrkst ks m bopd tbmt trmhsgdh`s mii kcckguitkds, tbmt dhrkgbds posskjkikty oc m hdw wori`

mh` ikcd, mh` tbmt dapowdrs us to rdskst ikcd-tbrdmtdhkhf powdr oc fiojmi dvkis. Vbdh okhf

aksskoh mh` tbdoiofy kh Aymhamr, wd bopd to dmi hot ohiy wktb ikjdrmtkhf poor pdopid

croa dgohoakg povdrty, jut miso wktb dapowdrkhf pdopids to gourmfdousiy cmgd mh`

ovdrgoad tbd bmr` rdmiktkds oc ikcd. Pbd gburgbds mrd gmiid` cor to dhfmfd tbdasdivds

mffrdsskvdiy kh goajmtkhf tbd opprdsskvd strugturds mh` dvki systdas oc akiktmrksa mh`

fiojmikzmtkoh tbmt rukh Aymhamr sogkdty. Pbd coiiowkhf mrd suffdstd` cuturd mgtkohs to

bdip juki` m hdw wori` kh tbks troujid` imh`.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF ==;

(k) Wbmrpdh our vkskoh mh` bopd cor boikstkg ikjdrmtkoh mh` cuiihdss oc ikcd, mh`

strdhftbdh our tbdoiofkgmi vokgd ms mh khstruadht oc ikjdrmtkoh

(kk) Pmed m stmh` mfmkhst dmtb- dmikhf dvki corgds kh poiktkgs, dgohoay, sogkmi mh`

rdikfkous ikcd, mh` k`dhtkcy mitdrhmtkvds to m jdttdr ikcd mh` m hdw wori`

(kkk) Vore cor m rdikfkous ikjdrmtkoh, dvdiop m spkrktumikty oc pdopids‛ struffid cor lustkgd mh` dqumikty, mh` tbkhe oc our tbdoiofkgmi wore ms pmrt oc our pdopid‛s

gry mfmkhst khlustkgd

(kv) Dhfmfd kh m kmiofud oh prmgtkgmi kssuds mt tbd frmssroots idvdi mh` hdtwore

wktb pdopids‛ aovdadhts (woredrs, cmradrs, kh`kfdhous pdopids, cksbdr coies,

urjmh poor)

(v) @rmw upoh tbd goaaoh vmiuds oc rdikfkohs to struffid mfmkhst akiktmrksa mh`

fiojmikzmtkoh mh` dhvkskoh rdikfkous goaauhktkds cor juki`khf tofdtbdr m

goaaoh cuturd(vk) @dckhd tbd roids mh` rkfbts oc woadh mh` gbki rdh kh tbd gohtdxt oc vkoidhgd,

trmcckgekhf, imjor, akfrmtkoh mh` dtbhkg gohcikgts mh` dvdiop tbda ms mh khtdfrmi

pmrt oc pdopids‛ struffid cor ikjdrmtkoh

(vkk) Prmhsimtd mii gbmiidhfds khto spdgkckg gmiis mh` mgtkohs mt goaauhkty mh` hmtkohmi

idvdi

Kh gohgiuskoh, idt ad fkvd m ckhmi rdamre oh Maos‛ lustkgd adssmfd, tbd gohtdht oc

wbkgb bms jddh bkfbikfbtd` dmrikdr kh tbd jdfkhhkhf. Kh tkad oc propbdt Maos, ohgdgorruptkoh prdvmkid`, tbd wboid hmtkoh, pdopid mh` imh` cdii mpmrt, mh` cmgd` aksdry oc

ikcd. Pbd hmtkoh, pdopid mh` imh` bmvd jdgoad poiiutd` wbdh tbd powdrcui mh` tbd rkgb

joufbt tbd poor cor skivdr mh` tbd hdd`y cor m pmkr oc smh`mis, mh` wbdh tbd wmfds oc

imjordrs wdrd uhpmk` uhtki tbd hdxt aorhkhf. Jut, dvdh kh tbks gohtdxt, kt sddad` tbmt m

hdw wori` ks posskjid wbdh lustkgd ks idct to roii owh iked wmtdrs. Vktb tbks khspkrmtkoh kh

akh`, m hdw wori` kh our imh` ks posskjid wbdh lustkgd prdvmkis kh tbks imh`. M fdhukhd

spkrktumikty oc mhy rdikfkous goaauhkty ks m spkrktumikty tbmt sddes lustkgd, pdmgd mh` boikhdss

kh mii mspdgts oc ikcd. Lustkgd ks tbd gdhtrmi tbdad oc Fo`‛s smivmtkoh kh mii rdikfkohs. Kt ks

miso tbd uitkamtd fomi oc jotb Gbrkstkmhkty mh` mii ikvkhf cmktbs. Ms Fo` or uitkamtd Zdmikty

ks lust, so mrd wd to jd lust. Ms our Fo` or uitkamtd Zdmikty ks boiy, so mrd wd to jd boiy.

Bdhgd, tofdtbdr wktb Maos, idt us o lustkgd, mh` idt kt roii owh iked wmtdrs kh tbd imh` so

tbmt wd amed m hdw wori` posskjid.:> Ckhmiiy, our frdmt gbmiidhfd ms Gbrkstkmhs kh Aymhamr

ks to juki` m hdw wori` wktb hdw strugturds oc poikgy tbmt pmy sdrkous mttdhtkoh to dvdry`my

ikcd kssuds wbkgb tbd pdopid bmvd octdh dhgouhtdrd` kh tbks imh`.

:> @dut. =3<:>.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=: >

M ^DZWOH OC FZMGD, @KFHKP[ MH@ BTAKIKP[

Wmh`y Whd`òh

K ckrst fot to ehow Zdv` Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf wbdh K tooe ay

post ms Mskm Wdgrdtmry oc tbd Gburgb oc Wgotimh`‛s Vori` AksskohGouhgki kh :>>7. Pbd coiiowkhf ydmr ay goiidmfuds kh tbd Gburgb mh`

Hmtkoh Goaakttdd prdsdhtd` m amlor rdport oh Juram to tbd Fdhdrmi

Mssdajiy oc tbd Gburgb oc Wgotimh` mh` Zdv` Waktb mh` bks imtd wkcd

Zdjdggm wdrd khvktd` to goad to D`khjurfb. Zdv` Waktb wms khvktd` to

m``rdss tbd Fdhdrmi Mssdajiy, tbd bkfbdst gourt oc tbd Gburgb oc Wgot-

imh`, mh` K stkii rdadajdr tbd powdr mh` daotkoh oc bks spddgb, jut mjovd

mii tbd frmgd, gourmfd mh` kfhkty oc tbd amh. Vbkid bks gouhtry mh` bks

goaauhkty wdrd ikvkhf uh`dr khgrd`kjid prdssurd mh` cmgkhf kcckguitkdsmh` gbmiidhfds Zdv` Waktb spoed oc bow Gbrkstkmhs kh Juram bm` to iovd

tbdkr dhdakds uhtki tbdy jdgoad crkdh`s. Kt ks soadtkads too dmsy to rdgktd

tbd tdmgbkhfs oc Ldsus, kt ks miwmys aord gbmiidhfkhf to ikvd tbda out.

Pbd coiiowkhf ydmr K wms mjid to vkskt Juram cor tbd ckrst tkad mh`

Zdv` Waktb mggoapmhkd` ad mh` am`d mrrmhfdadhts cor ad to addt

wktb kccdrdht gburgb idm`drs kh [mhfoh. Bd mh` bks wkcd tooe ad cor

admis mh` sbowd` ad mrouh` tbd gkty. Kt wms m pidmsurd mh` m prkvkidfd

cor ad to bmvd m fuk`d mh` crkdh` iked Zdv` Waktb mh` bks crkdh`sbkp bms jddh m jidsskhf to ad kh tbd pmst cdw ydmrs.

Zdv` Waktb bms cmgd` kcckguit tkads, too, mh` ydt bd rdamkhs

m pdrsoh oc frmgd, kfhkty mh` buakikty. Vbdh bd wrotd to tdii ad oc

tbd pmsskhf oc bks `dmr wkcd Zdjdggm kh :>==, bd wrotd wktb ojvkous

sm`hdss jut tbdrd wms ho trmgd oc sdic-pkty. M rdqudst tbmt bks crkdh`s

sboui` prmy cor bka mh` bks cmakiy mt m tkad oc frkdc mh` ioss wms mii bd

msed`.

Ay crkdh`sbkp wktb Zdv` Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf bms dhrkgbd` ay ikcd mh` ms bd gdidjrmtds m skfhkckgmht jkrtb`my K wksb bka dvdry

jidsskhf.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =:=

A[ JZOPBDZ WAKPB (M GBDDZCTI FKSDZ)

Wmw ^mw Iu

@urkhf ay ikcdtkad, K bmvd wrkttdh mjout two adh. Pbd ckrst amh wms Zdv. o

Ebmkhf oc Pbmrrmwm``y. Bd wms tbd ckrst mstor oc Pbmrrmwm``y Emrdh Jmptkst Gburgb.

Po goapidtd ay Jmgbdior oc Zdikfkous Dùgmtkoh K bm` to sujakt m tbdsks so K gbosd to

wrktd mjout m akhkstdr wbo bm` smgrkckgd` bks wboid ikcd cor Fo`'s akhkstry, ms mh k`dmi

pmstor mh` bopd` tbmt bks ikcd wkii jd mh dxmapid cor pdopid wbo mrd khtdrdstd` to sdrvd

tbd Ior` ms m pmstor or akhkstdr.

Pbd Wdgoh` amh wms ay owh jdiovd` cmtbdr Zdv. Loskd Jyu miso croa

Pbmrrmwm``y. Zdv. Loskd Jyu‛s jkofrmpby wms wrkttdh kh Emrdh ohd ydmr mctdr bks

`dmtb , kh Juradsd two ydmrs mctdr bks `dmtb mh` kh Dhfiksb tbrdd ydmrs mctdr bks

`dmtb jy aysdic. K wms rdmiiy bmppy to wrktd ay cmtbdr‛s jkofrmpby. K bopd tbosd wbo

rdm` mjout ay cmtbdr wkii jd dhgourmfd` mh` khspkrd`.

How Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf ks tbd tbkr` amh wboa K ma wrktkhf mjout mt

bks mfd oc skxty ckvd. Bd ks stkii sdrvkhf tbd Ior` cmktbcuiiy ms m cmktbcui sdrvmht kh Fo`‛s

akhkstry. Bd ks ay jrotbdr kh Gbrkst. K iovd bka ms ay rdmi jrotbdr mh` K ma wdii pidmsd`

wktb bka. Pbd ckrst qudstkoh ks ’Bow o you ehow Zdv. Waktb?‑ Mctdr frmùmtkhf croa

ZMWT (Zmhfooh Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty) ms K wms sdrvkhf ms m tutor kh tbd Fdofrmpby

@dpmrtadht, wd octdh adt dmgb otbdr mt Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp (TGC) profrmas,

sugb ms sdrvkgds, addtkhfs, cdiiowsbkps, khhdrs, sdakhmrs or trmkhkhfs. K miso ehdw bka

jdgmusd bd wms m stu`dht pmstor oc TGC. Vbdh K rdgmiid` jmge ay adaory, K cdit tbmt

tbd Boiy Wpkrkt khtroùgd` us to ehow dmgb otbdr wdii. Mt tbmt tkad bd wms youhf mh`

mgtkvd mh` so wms K. Aordovdr mt tbmt tkad K ehdw tbmt bd dmfdriy wmhtd` to d`kgmtd bks

wboid ikcd kh Fo`‛s akhkstry to sdrvd tbd Ior` cmktbcuiiy mh` akfbtkiy kh cuturd akhkstry. K

miso ms youhf tutor, am`d up ay akh` to sdrvd tbd Ior` ms augb ms K goui` croa tbd

gorhdr oc ay sk`d. Pbus Waktb mh` mw Iu jdgmad uhktd` kh TGC wore, wktbout soad

ohd khtroùgkhf us. K rdadajdr, ohgd, wd adt mt m vogmtkohmi fuk`mhgd trmkhkhf cor tbd

crdsb frmùmtds kh =;6=, Ogtojdr mt Eyuh`mw Zom` mt tbd Mhfikgmh Zdikfkous Prmkhkhf

Gdhtrd (Bmhtbmwm``y ‗ [mhfoh), kt am`d us aord khtkamtd kh tbd Ior`‛s sdrvkgd. Our

giosd rdimtkohsbkp stmrtd` croa tbmt aoadht kh Fo`‛s iovd, tbmt‛s mii K ehow.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=: :

Ohgd ay jrotbdr Waktb am`d m strohf dgkskoh mt m spdgkmi gohsdgrmtkoh sdrvkgd,

bd bm` wkthdssd`. Zdv. T Jm Baykh (Lu`soh Gburgb mstor) khvktd` tbd frmùmtds to

goad to tbd croht mt mh mitdr gmii. Waktb smk`, mitboufb bd bm` mirdm`y am`d up bks akh` to

jd m gmptmkh kh tbd akiktmry sdrvkgd kh bks cuturd ikcd bd aovd` siowiy to tbd croht mh`

gohsdgrmtd` bkasdic to tbd Ior` mh` smk` ’O Ior` bdrd K ma, pidmsd usd ad kh Pbysdrvkgd.‑ Vbkid smykhf tbmt, tdmrs wdrd roiikhf owh bks gbdge. Bd ckhmiiy fmvd bks ikcd ms

foo` soi`kdr cor Gbrkst, uhtki how. K ma m Emrdh wbkid ay jrotbdr Waktb ks m Gbkh. Jut K

hdvdr cddi tbmt bd ks Gbkh mh` K ma Emrdh, tbdrd ks ho dtbhkg jmrrkdr jdtwddh bd mh` ad.

Bd amrrkd` @mw J. Btu Hmh m Emgbkh-Wbmh woamh mh` Fo` fmvd tbda cour gbki`rdh. K

ehow tbmt tbdy ikvd` ms m bmppy Gbrkstkmh boad. Kh suaadr tbdkr gbki`rdh usd` to goad to

us mh` K bm` to tdmgb tbda Dhfiksb, Amtbdamtkgs, mh` Jkjid storkds. Pbdy mii mrd samrt,

gidvdr mh` ojd`kdht. Kh tbd dh` oc tbd wdde oh Wmtur`mys ay gbki`rdh usd` to vkskt ay

jrotbdr Waktb‛s cmakiy to wmtgb P.S profrma.Pbdrdcord, tbd rdimtkohsbkp jdtwddh tbdsdtwo cmakikds ks hot ms two cmakikds jut ms ohd.

Jrotbdr Waktb ks m gbddrcui fkvdr. Bd iovds to ohmtd, sbmrd, gohtrkjutd mh` fkvd

to otbdrs wbo hdd` bdip. Vbdh wd vkskt bka mt bks occkgd (Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc Aymhamr

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds), outsk`d bks occkgd oor, tbdrd mrd amhy pdopid sugb ms poor pdopid,

jdffmrs, hdd`y pdopid, wmktkhf cor bdip croa bka. Pboufb bd ks mh S.K.^ bd usd` to fdt

out croa bks occkgd, tbdh addts or tmies to tbosd pdopid mh` fkvds tbda gmsb or kh ekh` mh`

miso bks swddt sakid.

Ohgd m cdamid akhkstdr smk` ms sbd bms to stu`y mjrom` kh TWM, sbd hdd`srouh` trkp mkr tkgedt cor tbmt trkp, tbdh sbd vksktd` Zdv. Waktb to fkvd bdr m`vkgd or

bdip. Mh` bd smk`, ’@oh‛t worry, K wkii ò kt cor you,‑ tbdh bd mrrmhfd` dvdrytbkhf

cor bdr. Bow woh`drcui ay jrotbdr Waktb ks. Bow amhy tkads bd bm` mrrmhfd` sugb

m amttdr kh skakimr wmys cor otbdrs miso, wd gmhhot ehow.

Kh =;6; ms K bm` to trmhscdr to Imsbko Thkvdrskty ms bdm` oc Fdofrmpby

@dpmrtadht, jrotbdr Waktb‛s cmakiy bdipd` ad gbddrcuiiy, cor K bm` hdvdr jddh to

Imsbko jdcord. Ms bks wkcd J. Btu Hmh wms croa Imsbko bdr jrotbdr (Jrotbdr-kh-imw

oc Waktb) J. Hmw Ik (Kaakfrmtkoh Occkgdr) gmad to addt ad mt Imsbko rmkiwmy

stmtkoh, tbdh am`d dvdrytbkhf pdrcdgtiy cor ad to stmy kh Imsbko. Pbdy bm` òhd

foo` tbkhfs to ad, so bow gmh K corfdt tbks kh ay ikcd? Vbdh K ikvd` kh Lu`soh Gdhtrd

goapouh`, wd octdh dhgouhtdrd` soad projidas mh` K bm` to soivd tbda ms K wms

tbd dstmtd wmr`dh. K usd` to soivd tbd projidas jy sboutkhf, sgoi`khf, mh` fdttkhf

mhfry. Jut soadtkads wbdh jrotbdr Waktb wms wktb us, tbd wmy bd soivd` tbd

projidas wms cmr kccdrdht croa ay hmturd or amhhdr. Woctiy mh` tdh`driy, bd bmh id`

mii tbd amttdrs. Pbdrdcord, ay wkcd usd` to smy ’Wdd‐ bow kccdrdht ks tbd bmhìkhf

oc projidas jdtwddh Waktb mh` mw Iu. K hotkgd`, pdopid wmht to pmy aord rdspdgt

to tbd ohd iked Waktb, ms bd soivd` mii projidas wktb m sakikhf cmgd mh` pdmgdcui

amhhdr.‑



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =:7

K rdadajdr, wbdh ay jrotbdr Waktb wms m gbmkrpdrsoh oc tbd Jomr` oc Prustdds

oc AKP (Aymhamr Khstktutd oc Pbdoiofy) bd ohgd fmvd m frmùmtkoh adssmfd cor JMZW

(Jmgbdior oc Mrts kh Zdikfkous Wtu`kds) Wtu`dhts kh Ogtojdr :>>4 tbmt K goui` hot corfdt

mh` tbd adssmfd tbmt bd dikvdrd` ks stkii kh ay akh`. Bd stmtd` tbmt JMZW stmh`s cor (Jd

Miwmys Zdm`y to Wdrvd), fkvkhf wor`s oc dhgourmfdadht cor youhf pdopid oc to`my.Pbroufb bks adssmfd wd gmh ehow tbmt bd ks m amh wbo bdips otbdrs, wbo ks miwmys

rdm`y to sdrvd. ’ Pbd soh oc amh k` hot goad to jd sdrvd`, jut to sdrvd‑ (Amtt. :><:2).

Bks purposd wms to jdgoad m gmptmkh kh tbd akiktmry sdrvkgd jut kt ks gidmr tbmt

Fo` bkasdic hdd`s bka to jd m gbkdc goaamh`dr kh bks sdrvkgd. Kt ks m frdmt pidmsurd mh`

jidsskhf cor ad to wrktd mjout ay jrotbdr Waktb, bd wbo stkii sdrvds tbd Ior` mt tbd mfd oc

skxty ckvd. K bopd Fo` wkii gohtkhud to jidss bka mh` usd bka aord kh tbd cuturd akhkstry.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=: 0

M CT HMAD@ W[M WAKPB Pbmhf Ebmwa ^mu

Ay akh` wdht jmge ovdr tbrdd `dgm`ds to rdgoiidgt ay swddt adaorkds oc

goiidfd ikcd mt AMWT (Amh`mimy Mrts mh` Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty) mh` TGC (Thkvdrskty

Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp). Kc mhyohd msed` m goiidfd stu`dht to smy wbmt am`d bks or bdr

goiidfd ikcd adaormjid, tbdrd woui` jd m vmrkdty oc mhswdrs.

Kc m sekiicui gmr`koiofkst pdrcorad` opdh-bdmrt surfdry oh m youtb tbdy akfbt

ckh` tbmt tbd bdmrt woui` jd horami. Bowdvdr, wbo gmh smy wbmt ks horami cor m

youtb wbdh tbdkr bdmrt ks iked m ^khf-ôhf jmii jouhgkhf croa ohd iovd mccmkr to

mhotbdr. Ohiy Fo` gmh ehow tbd trud goh`ktkoh oc tbd spkrktumi bdmrt.

Kh tbosd mys soad youhf adh mh` woadh gmad croa foìy Gbrkstkmh boads.

Cor tbd ohds wbo gmiid` tbdasdivds Gbrkstkmhs, TGC wms lust m pimgd wbdrd tbdy

ikstdhd` to tbd skhfkhf oc Gbrkstkmh mrtksts urkhf m stmfd-sbow ohgd m ydmr. Bowdvdr,

TGC wms miso m pimgd wbdrd trud Gbrkstkmh stu`dhts croa vmrkous @kvkskohs mh`

Wtmtds adt mh` goui` cdiiowsbkp kh tbd joh` oc Gbrkstkmh iovd.

Zmrd wdrd tbd opportuhktkds cor ohd to ehow Wym Waktb. Bd wms m buajid

mh` vdry skapid sdrvmht oc tbd Ior`. Ms cor ad, K k` hot bmvd m iot oc ikcd dxpdrkdhgds

mpmrt croa TGC.

Vbdh K wms m crdsbamh, Wym Waktb wms ay stu`dht pmstor. Kt wms foo` to

sdd bka mfmkh mt tbd TGC gbmpdi. K bm` tbd prkvkidfd oc addtkhf bka wbdh bd gmad to

tbd Pd`ka mrdm wktb tbd TGC fospdi froup. K rdgmii Btmr Btmr [k, Mufustkhm, Skoidt

Eyk, Ar. Ema Wumh Amhf mh` Ar. Waktb wdrd pmrt oc tbd froup ms wdii.

Oh tbd ckrst hkfbt mt Gopd Adaorkmi Jmptkst Gburgb tbdy khtroùgd`

tbdasdivds tdiikhf tbdkr amlor sujldgts, wbdrd tbdy gmad croa, wbmt `dhoakhmtkoh

tbdy jdiohfd` to mh` aord. Kt wms vdry khtdrdstkhf to bdmr sugb tdstkaohkds croa m

Gbrkstkmh froup couh` mt m goiidfd. Ms m goiidfd stu`dht mt TGC, ikcd sddad` khtdrdstkhf

cor Gbrkstkmhs.




K cdit tbmt hkfbt wms tbd sdgoh` tougb K bm` rdgdkvd` croa tbd Ior` mjout fokhf to

goiidfd. Bd fmvd ad m hdw vkskoh to ckhksb bkfb sgbooi mh` lokh tbd goiidfd. Pbd ckrst ohd

wms wbdh K wms m joy mjout sdvdh or dkfbt ydmrs oi`. K smw ay uhgid‛s crkdh`s wbdh tbdy

gmad boad cor suaadr vmgmtkoh croa Zmhfooh Thkvdrskty. Vbmt bmh`soad youhf adh

tbdy wdrd. Ms tbd ydmrs bmvd fohd jy, tbd Ior` bms cuickiid` ay rdma.K wms kh tbd Fdofrmpby @dpmrtadht, Bmii =, skttkhf kh tbd idgturd rooa ikstdhkhf to

tbd idgturds mh` tmekhf hotds. Ay akh` ckiid` wktb gohgdrh dvdry my wbdh K bdmr` tbd

idgturds fkvdh kh tbd Juradsd imhfumfd. K woui` tbkhe, ’Ks tbks rdmiiy mt m uhkvdrskty idvdi oc

tdmgbkhf?‑ ’Gmh kt jrkhf ad up to tbd khtdrhmtkohmi idvdi?‑ Ms tbdsd tboufbts grossd` ay

akh`, ay sgbooikhf sddad` m ikttid jorkhf. Pbd ohiy tbkhf K goui` ckh` to rdad`y tbdsd

tboufbts wdrd to wmtgb wdstdrh pkgturds kh tbd gkhdam bmii. Kh tbosd mys, ckrst ydmr

stu`dhts ikvd` kh Hmh Wbkb Bostdi mh` kt wms cmr croa tbd Thkvdrskty gmapus mh` TGC.

Pbd Ior smvd ad urkhf ay sdgoh ydmr oc goiidfd kh Pd ka mh ay khvoivdadhtwktb tbd TGC goapidtdiy gbmhfd`. Kt wms hot lust cor Gbrkstkmh-cdiiowsbkp, jut kt wms

augb aord. Vd mttdh`d` Vd`hds`my mh` Wuh`my dvdhkhf sdrvkgds oh m rdfuimr jmsks.

Wym Waktb woui` khvktd foo` prdmgbdrs mh` d`kgmtd` Gbrkstkmh ogtors mh` dùgmtors

to prdmgb mt tbd gbmpdi sdrvkgds. K stkii rdadajdr wbdh @r. Wmw Fk`doh Wdkh gmad mh`

dhgourmfd` us kh tbd Ior`.

Amhy proakhdht Gbrkstkmh idm`drs maohf tbda iovd` Wym Waktb. Ms cmr ms K

ehdw, Zdv. Jm Myd (tbd bdm` oc tbd Tppdr Adtbo`kst Gburgb) mh` bks wkcd bm`

miaost mòptd` bka ms tbdkr soh. Wym Waktb wms m vdry popuimr youhf pmstor. dopidcroa Ediiy Gburgb, Muhfpkhid Gburgb, Amyayo mh` Wmfmkhf ehdw bka quktd wdii.

Bd wms hot mh dhdrfdtkg prdmgbdr, jut soct-spoedh mh` m cmktbcui youhf sbdpbdr`.

Bks adssmfds wdrd pbkiosopbkgmi mh` soadtkads bmr` to coiiow mh` bmr` to

uh`drstmh`. Bd wms m amh wbo ikvd` bks wor`s. Kt wms hkgd to cdiiowsbkp wktb bka

mh` jd m pmrt oc bks ikcd. Bd wms m fdhtid, ekh`-bdmrtd` mh` frmgkous amh. Bd wms m

qukdt amh jut bd miso iovd` to tdii loeds mh` imufbd` bdmrtkiy. Bd iovd` skhfkhf. Pbd

TGC bm` m twdivd-strkhfd` fuktmr bd usd` to strua wbdh bd wms miohd mh`

oggmskohmiiy wktb tbd stu`dhts oh fospdi trkps.

K idmrhd` croa Wym Waktb, mh` bmvd mppikd` kt kh ay ikcd. Ohd idssoh wms ’^rmy

jdcord tmekhf pkiis.‑ K wms wdme mh` cddikhf goi oh m rmkhy hkfbt wbdh wd wdht to vkskt

bka. K msed` bka kc bd bm` mhy pkiis tbmt woui` bdip bdmi ay ciu jdcord wd wdht boad. Bd

tooe ad to bks jd`rooa mh` boi`khf soad tmjidts kh bks bmh`, bd prmyd` cor ay bdmikhf

mh` prmyd` tbmt tbd Ior` akfbt jidss tbd tmjidts kh bks bmh`. Oh tbd wmy jmge boad K wms

tbkhekhf mjout bks prmydr ovdr ad, tbmt tbd Ior` akfbt usd tbd ad`kgmtkoh to bdmi ad. Kc

Fo` bm` hot jidssd` tbd pkiis so tbdy wdrd strohf, tbd ad`kgkhd woui` bmvd jddh usdidss.

[ds, tbd prmydrs oc tbd rkfbtdous amh mvmkidtb augb! Vbdhdvdr K hdd` to tmed ad`kgmtkoh

or fo to tbd ogtor K miwmys prmy ckrst. Bd gmrd` cor bks stu`dhts ddpiy! Wym Waktb wms

m foo` pmstor, mii oc us iovd` bka dmriy mh` bd wms bkfbiy rdspdgtd`.




M froup oc Gbkhdsd Gbrkstkmh Thkvdrskty stu`dhts croa Bohf Eohf vksktd Amh`mimy

TGC jmge kh =;66. Pbdy mii iovd` skhfkhf mh` fmvd tbdkr tdstkaohkds. Kh tbosd mys, m ckia

gmiid Ldsus Gbrkst Wupdrstmr wms sbowh mii ovdr tbd wori` dxgdpt kh Juram. Pbdy

wmhtd` to ehow our opkhkoh mh` wdrd wkiikhf to bdmr our cdd`jmge. Ho ohd bm` dvdr

sddh sugb m ckia or dvdh bdmr` tbmt hmad. Vbmt m sbmad! @urkhf our cdiiowsbkp tkad, ohdoc tbd cdamid stu`dhts fmvd Wym Waktb tbd hkgehmad ’m cu,‑ wbkgb admhs< m jidsskhf. Pbd

cdiiowsbkp sdsskoh wdht vdry wdii. Dvdryohd dhloyd` tbd prdsdhgd oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt. Vd

giosd` tbd loyous tkad jy boi`khf bmh`s mh` skhfkhf ’Vd Mrd Ohd kh tbd Wpkrkt, Vd Mrd

Ohd kh tbd Ior`‑ mh` tbdh mstor ’M Cu‑ fmvd tbd jdhd`kgtkoh.




M IDM@DZ OC WKHGDZKP[ MH@ FOO@ W^KZKP

Pbkmh Ebup

K rdgdkvd` m idttdr croa tbd amfmzkhd worekhf goaakttdd m cdw mys mfo. ‒Kh ay

bdmrt jmge to ovdr corty ydmrs mfo mt Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty K adt jrotbdr Hfuib \m Pbmwhf

kh Mrts & Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty ckrst ydmr kh \ooiofy amlorkhf wktb m cdw Gbkh stu`dhts iked

T Ebma Fo mu (how kh TWM) T Crd``y Hfo Gkh Amhf (how kh Lmpmh) mh` soad

otbdr‛s kh our gimss. Our tdmgbdrs wdrd rocdssor @r. C. @dipbkh (how kh Gmhm`m), @r.

Zojdrt Puh Amuhf (how rdtkrd` Zdgtor mh` prmgtkgkhf Ju``bkst aohe). Kh our akhor

sujldgt kh Gbdakstry our rocdssor wms @r. Ebkh Amuhf, @r. Amuhf @k (imtdr @dputy

Akhkstdr oc Dùgmtkoh) mh` otbdr proakhdht tdmgbdrs kh Amh`mimy Thkvdrskty.

Mt tbmt tkad K wms m cootjmiidr sdidgtd` croa Wmfmkhf @kvkskoh so K miwmys akssd`

ay gimss cor m iohf tkad. Wym Waktb mh` soad Gbkh stu`dhts msskstd` ad dspdgkmiiy oh

prmgtkgmi wores iked Gbdakstry tktrmtkoh mh` otbdr sujldgts. Wym Waktb jmged` ad up

miwmys kh ay gimss rooa. @ud to m iohf mjsdht kh ay gimss, our crkdh`s idct ad kh tbd ckrst

ydmr.

Zdv. Mrtbur Eoimy wms our spkrktumi idm`dr kh Thkvdrskty gmapus, Wym Waktb cuiiy

pmrtkgkpmtd` ms gbokr idm`dr. Mii Gbrkstkmh hmtkohmi stu`dhts wdrd kh tbd gmapus so imtdr bd

amrrkd` to our Emgbkh im`y wbkgb admhs Thkoh uhkty mh` Gbrkstkmh uhkty.

Vbdh K wms kh tbd @dpmrtadht oc Cksbdrkds mt Bmebm, Gbkh Wtmtd kh =;6;, K bm`

m gbmhgd to stu`y ’Crdsb Vmtdr Cksbdry Khstktutd‑ kh Gmhtoh Gbkhm, supportd` jy CMO.

K adt Wym Waktb to rdgoaadh tbd iowdst mggoaao`mtkoh kh Bohf Eohf mh bd suffdstd

tbd [AGM Botdi. Bks rdgoaadh`mtkoh wms vdry bdipcui kh Bohf Eohf cor 7 mys jdcord

dhtdrkhf to amkhimh` Gbkhm. Mctdr tbrdd aohtb trmkhkhf, K rdturhd` jmge to Bohf Eohf K

goui` addt Zdv. @r. Bmgedt oc TW gktkzdh, jorh kh Aymhamr (Amwimadkh) wbo wms vdry

khtkamtd to ay cmtbdr Zdv. Amhf Eo mu.(coradr Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc \oak Jmptkst

Gohvdhtkoh, =;46-=;3:).

Jy tbd wmy @r. Bmgedt wms vdry khtdrdstd` kh Mfrkguiturd to proaotd kh Gbkhimh`

dspdgkmiiy ms mstor‛s cmakikds wdrd vdry poor kh tbdkr ikvdikboo`. Kh =;3: bd vksktd` to

Gbkhimh` wktb tbd imtd It. Goi. Woh Eo mu (Bortkguiturkst-spdgkmikzd` kh Goccdd Cmrakhf)

to stu`y povdrty miidvkmtkoh kh Gbkh Wtmtd.




Wym Waktb siowiy mh` stdm`kiy woh tbd rmgd mh` bd dsdrvd` to jdgoad AGG

Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry wbkgb wd bm` hdvdr rdmat tbmt post cor tbd Gbkh pdopids. Bd wms

vdry skhgdrd to mhy gimss oc buamh jdkhf wbmtdvdr bd cmgd` kh bks wore. Bd bms foo`

spkrkt mh` foo` dgkskoh amekhf

Vd tbd Gbkh dtbhkg bkiiy trkjds croa Gbkhimh aostiy k hot uh`drstmh tbd trm ktkohmh` guiturd oc Ju``bksa iked otbdr Gbrkstkmh goaauhktkds. Gbkhs popuimtkoh khgrdmsd`

ydmr jy ydmr kh [mhfoh. Vd bm` to dpdh` oh otbdr‛s Gburgb juki`khfs so wd cmgd` m iot

oc kcckguitkds cor our Gbkh Goaauhkty.

Vd tbd Wkykh Goaauhkty ([WJG) couh` Wt. bkiikp‛s Gburgb kh Jotmbtmuhf

Powhsbkp owhd` jy tbd Mhfikgmh Gburgb. Vd hdfotkmtd` to trmhscdr tbd Gburgb to [WJG

jy ohmtkhf 4> Akiikoh Eymts. Vd cmgd` ckhmhgkmi projida to ohmtd tbmt maouht oc

aohdy wd goui` hot mccor`. Mt tbmt tkad Wym Waktb (AGG-FW) kh tbd hmad oc Ldsus

Gbrkst fmvd cuii support hot ohiy spkrktumi jut miso soad aohdy.Croa =;24 to =;;4 K bdi` tbd post oc @dputy @krdgtor oc @dpmrtadht oc Cksbdrkds

mh` miso kh gbmrfd cor uppdr Aymhamr Wtmtd mh` @kvkskoh Cksbdry Occkgds. Mt tbmt tkad wd

`dpdh` cor worsbkp sdrvkgds ohiy mt Ediiy Jmptkst Gburgb. Jy tbd frmgd oc our bdmvdhiy

Cmtbdr Fo` jidssd` Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf mh` dspdgkmiiy Pd`ka imhfumfd spdmekhf froup.

K wms ohd oc tbd couh`drs oc Amh`mimy \oak Jmptkst Gburgb (A\JG) uh`dr tbd fuk`mhgd

oc our sdhkor mstor Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf. Jy tbd frmgd oc Fo` Tppdr Aymhamr Adtbo`kst

Gburgb rdqudstd` Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf to trmhscdr tbd Gburgb jy ohmtkhf =.: Akiikoh

Eymts. Vd wdrd vdry bmppy to bmvd tbd Gburgb jut wd goui` hot mccor` tbmt maouht oc aohdy. Po soivd our projida Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf gohtmgtd` Wym Waktb to gohtrkjutd

soad maouht oc aohdy.

Mt tbmt tkad K bm` miso m gbmhgd cor our Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty, our Gburgb mh`

Muhf kh Id gburgb wbdrd M. Lu`soh wms dtmkhd`. Jy tbd frmgd oc Fo` K wms vdry

khtkamtd wktb T Myd Aykht wbo wms bdm` oc Imh` Zdgor` @dpmrtadht kh Amh`mimy

@kvkskoh, K aysdic gohvdhd` to T Myd Aykht ms bd wms vdry powdrcui kh amppkhf cor tbd

dxtdhskoh oc Amh`mimy Gkty dvdiopadht mt tbmt tkad. Jy tbd frmgd oc Fo` wd fot tbdsd

two piots ms frddh imh` cor our Gbrkstkmh Goaauhkty croa mutborktkds gohgdrhd`. Mt tbmt

tkad tbd Goaamh`dr oc Gdhtrmi Goaamh` mh` Gbmkramh oc Wtmtd Imw mh` Or`dr mh`

Zdstormtkoh Gouhgki wms It. Fdhdrmi Puh Eyk wbo wms vdry khtkamtd mh` trustd` ad to

cmvor tbd Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty.

Mctdr ay rdtkrdadht Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf wms miso gmiid` jy our Bdmvdhiy Cmtbdr

wbkgb wms coiiowd` jy so amhy projidas kh our Gburgb kh Amh`mimy (A\JG). Po

soivd tbd projida tbd wkòw oc Zdv. @ma \m Hmhf rdqudstd` Wym Waktb mh` aysdic, mh`

Zdv. @r. Wkaoh mu Ebmh Dh.(coradr AJG ‗FW mh` rkhgkpmi oc AKP). Wym Skmi Ebmh

Amhf, jrotbdr oc Ars. @ma \m Hmhf miso pmrtkgkpmtd`. Wym Waktb stoo` hot ohiy cor Hu

Hkmhf jut miso cor cmkr mh` squmrd m`vkgd cor cuturd (A\JG) posktkoh. Vd goui` hot

soivd tbd projida, wd wdrd sorry cor Hu Hkmhf mh` mufbtdr jut wd jdikdvd` tbmt Fo`

wkii jidss Hu Hkmhf mh` mufbtdr cordvdr.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =:;

Ohd oc our oiktkgmi idm`drs @r. Ikmh Auhf Wmebohf oc \opbdk wrotd bks @ogtormtd

tbdsks kh Wwd`dh Tpsmim Thkvdrskty "Pbd oiktkgs mh` Gbrkstkmhkty maohf tbd Gbkh." @r.

Ikmh Auhf‛s tbdsks wms vdry rdmikstkg mh` rdikmjid sourgd bd goiidgtd` so amhy rdcdrdhgds,

jooes mh` mii oc our Gbkh Goaauhkty bkstory ovdr buh`rd` oc ydmrs. Po bmvd, K adt Wym

Waktb to idh` tbd jooe mh` bd toi` ad tbmt bd wms vdry jusy to stu`y tbks vmiumjid tbdsks jut you amy ehow your frmh`cmtbdr, Zdv. Pbuma Bmhf mh` cmakiy wbo wdrd tbd ckrst

gohvdrts khto Gbrkstkmh kh Gbkh Imh`.

Thcortuhmtdiy Wym Waktb iost bks jdiovd` wkcd m cdw ydmrs mfo, K aysdic wktb our

^mstor mh` dmgohs oc [WJG pmk` tbd imst trkjutd mt tbd cuhdrmi sdrvkgd mt Lu`soh Gburgb.

M vdry bufd grow` kh Lu`soh Gburgb sbowd` tbmt Wym Waktb mh` bks jdiovd` wkcd jukit

bow augb Gbrkstkmh couh`mtkoh kh our gouhtry.

Fo` Jidss you cordvdr mh` dvdr.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=7 >

M PZDMWTZD OC KHGMIGTIMJID SMITD

Ttd Làfdr-Cidakhf mh` Edhhdtb Cidakhf

Kt ks wktb frdmt loy mh` m sdhsd oc prkvkidfd tbmt wd bmvd tbks opportuhkty towrktd m cdw wor`s oc mpprdgkmtkoh cor Zdv. Waktb, ms bd rdmgbds tbd foo` mfd oc

skxty-ckvd. Vd gmad to ehow Zdv. Waktb kh =;;4 wbdh wd mttdh`d` mh MPDWDM

gohcdrdhgd kh [mhfoh. Pbmt vkskt stmys kh our akh`s cor m huajdr oc rdmsohs< tbd

goaakttd` tbdoiofkgmi `djmtds mh` stkauimtkhf jkjikgmi stu`kds, tbd frmgkous wdi-

goad oc tbdoiofkgmi khstktutds, addtkhf wktb Lobh Cidakhf, tbd dxposurd to soad oc

tbd amhy imhfumfds mh` guiturds oc Juram, mh`, uhcortuhmtdiy cor Edhhdtb, m sdvdrd

mttmge oc maodjkg `ysdhtdry! Jdbkh` mh` khvoivd` kh mii oc tbdsd hdw dxpdrkdhgds

wms Zdv. Waktb, mgtkhf ms orfmhksdr, rdgdkvdr oc fudsts, cmgkiktmtor oc addtkhfs, sourgdr

oc ad`kgmi gmrd, mh` amhy otbdr tbkhfs.

Mt tbd tkad, wd wdrd dapioyd` ms ‒pmrthdrs kh aksskoh‛ cor tbd Gburgb oc

Wgotimh` wktb tbd Gburgb oc Gbrkst kh Pbmkimh`, worekhf ms pmstors kh rurmi gburgbds

kh hortbdrh Pbmkimh`. Vd struffid` wktb qudstkohs mjout tbd rdimtkohsbkp jdtwddh

wdstdrh aksskohmrkds mh` kh`kfdhous gburgbds. Kh Pbmkimh`, wktb kts bufd Ju``bkst

amlorkty mh` tkhy Gbrkstkmh prdsdhgd, tbd gburgbds wdrd octdh vkdwd` ms cordkfh

kaports. Kh tbd ^rotdstmht gburgbds, tbks sdhsd oc mikdhmtkoh croa tbd guiturd mh`

bkstory oc tbd frdmt amss oc pdopid wms rdkhcorgd` jy tbd imge oc kh`kfdhous tbdoiofkgmi

rdcidgtkoh mh` tbd prdòakhmhgd oc wdstdrh ikturfkgmi coras, mrgbktdgturd mh` rdss.

Cor amhy oc tbd gohsdrvmtkvd-akh`d` Pbdrmvm`m trm`ktkoh, Gbrkstkmhkty wms mh

kapostdr, toidrmtd` jdgmusd oc tbd Ju``bkst k`dmis oc wdigoad mh` ekh`hdss jut,

hohdtbdidss, uh`dr suspkgkoh jdgmusd oc Gbrkstkmhkty‛s ckxmtkoh wktb gohvdrskoh. Vd

wdrd dxgktd`, tbdh, to dhfmfd wktb Juradsd tbdoiofkmhs5 to ojsdrvd tbdkr mppromgb,

khskfbts mh` struffids kh rdimtkhf to tbdkr khtdrrdikfkous, dtbhkg mh` sogko-poiktkgmi

gohtdxts. Pbdrd wms miso, jmge tbdh, wbmt sddad` iked m strohf dguadhkgmi

goaaktadht mgross tbd ^rotdstmht dhoakhmtkohs kh Juram. Vd rdgmii m ksgusskoh

wbdrd wd msed` Zdv Waktb wby tbd two hdkfbjourkhf gohtdxts, Pbmkimh` mh` Juram,

sboui` jd so kccdrdht. Bd smk` tbmt m posskjid cmgtor wms tbd dgkskoh oc tbd Juradsd

fovdrhadht, `dgm`ds mfo, to dxpdi cordkfh aksskohmrkds. Pbks admsurd pusbd` tbd

gburgbds to rdgohsk`dr tbdkr goaaktadht to dmgb otbdr mh` to tbdkr gohtdxts.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =7=

Pbd tmie gohckrad` our jdikdc tbmt Pbmk Gbrkstkmhkty succdrd` croa rmwkhf too

augb oh cordkfh sourgds. Kh Juram, Edhhdtb gohtrmgtd` ysdhtdry, iked gouhtidss otbdrs,

tbroufb rkhekhf kapurd wmtdr5 tbd tbkhf tbmt wms admht to rdcrdsb mh` rdhdw turhd` out

to jd m sourgd oc succdrkhf. Gorrdspoh`khfiy, tbd Pbmk gburgbds succdrd` croa rkhekhf

too augb croa tbd tbdoiofkgmi wdiis oc tbd wdst mh`, aord imttdriy, Eordm. Our kaprdsskoh,mctdr rdgdht vkskts, ks tbmt kt ks gbmhfkhf cor tbd jdttdr kh Pbmkimh`, tboufb Gbrkstkmhkty ks stkii

sddh jy amhy ms khtrkhskgmiiy cordkfh. Ho oujt, kh Juram, kc tbd poiktkgmi sktumtkoh gohtkhuds

to kaprovd mh` tbd gouhtry jdgoads aord opdh, soad cordkfh aksskohs wkii jd dmfdr to

pimy m imrfdr roid ‗ kt wkii jd khtdrdstkhf to sdd bow tbd gburgbds mh` trmkhkhf khstktutds

rdmgt.

Vbmt sustmkhs us mii mgross tbdsd kccdrdhgds kh guiturds dtg. ks crkdh`sbkp. Zdv.

Waktb bms jddh soadohd wbo bms soufbt to dvdiop mh` amkhtmkh sugb crkdh`sbkps. M

cdw ydmrs mfo, Edhhdtb bm` tbd opportuhkty to rdhdw tbdkr crkdh`sbkp kh [mhfoh, ms pmrtoc m froup oc vksktkhf Fdramh tbdoiofkmhs. Kt wms kaprdsskvd to sdd tbmt bd bm` iost hohd

oc bks gohgdrh cor bospktmikty mh mfmkh occdrd khskfbtcui goaadhts oh costdrkhf khtdrhmtkohmi

mh` dguadhkgmi rdimtkohs cor tbd jdhdckt oc mii. Kh tbd Jkjid kt ks wrkttdh tbmt ’cmktbcui crkdh`s

mrd m stur`y sbditdr< wbodvdr ckh`s ohd bms couh` m trdmsurd‑ (Wkrmgb 3<=0). Oh tbks

oggmskoh, gdidjrmtkhf tbd ikcd mh` akhkstry oc Zdv. Waktb, wd woui` iked to dxprdss our

frmtktu`d cor bks crkdh`sbkp. Bd ks truiy m trdmsurd, m trdmsurd oc tbd gburgbds kh Juram.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=7 :

= O. Guiiamhh, Thkty tbroufb @kvdrskty< Kt‛s Couh`mtkohs mh` m Gohtrkjutkoh to tbd

@ksgusskoh Gohgdrhkhf kts Mgtumikzmtkoh, (^bkim`dipbkm< Cortrdss ^rdss, =;22).: E.G. Mjrmbma, ’Ikvkhf kh m Zdikfkousiy îurmi Vori` ‗ ^rojidas mh` Gbmiidhfds cor

@okhf Aksskoh kh Mskm‑ kh LPGM, vois. 6&2, (:>>2), p. ==.

KH FO@'W VOZI@ - GMIID@ PO JD OHD

Vmtk Iohfgbmr

Kt ks m frdmt bohour to jd mssogkmtd` wktb Zdv` Waktb H. \m Pbmwhf, m proakhdht

dguadhkgmi idm`dr croa Aymhamr wbo d`kgmtd` bks ikcd cor tbd gost oc dguadhkgmi

aovdadht skhgd =;6:. Zdv. Waktb gohtkhuds to wore tkrdidssiy to tdmr owh tbd wmiis oc

sdpmrmtkoh lust ms Gbrkst gmad to tdmr owh tbd wmiis (Dpb. :<=0). Pbd wmiis oc sdpmrmtkoh

tbmt bmvd edpt pdopid jdbkh`, ksoimtd` mh` trdmtd` iked sdgoh`-gimss gktkzdhs kh tbd jo`y

oc Gbrkst.

M @kvkhd Amh`mtd ‗ Gmiid` to jd OHD

’Kh Fo`‛s Vori` - Gmiid` to jd Ohd‑ ks m kvkhd kapdrmtkvd, hot mh optkoh. Dvdry

pdrsoh ks gmiid` to strkvd to jd ohd wktb ohd mhotbdr, hot jdgmusd kt ks dxpd`kdht jut

jdgmusd Fo` bms gmiid` khto dxkstdhgd ohd pdopid. Kt ks Fo ‛s wkii tbmt Fo ‛s pdopid jd

ohd mh` tofdtbdr - to jd uhktd` mh` kvdrsd mt tbd smad tkad. Vd mrd gmiid` to jd ohd hot jdgmusd wd mrd smad, jut jdgmusd wd mrd kccdrdht5 hot jdgmusd mii mrd foo` or mii idm`

to tbd smad fomi. Jut wd mrd gmiid` to jd ohd jdgmusd wd mrd mii grdmtd` jy Fo` kh Bks

owh kamfd. Pbdrdcord, tbd amh`mtd "gmiid` to jd ohd" ks hot lust m dskrd cor giosdhdss,

or m ao`di cor godxkstdhgd. Pbks ks m uhkty kh kvdrskty.= Pbks ks hot m amttdr oc goaproakskhf

or bmraohkzkhf tbd kccdrdhgds, jut ks m propbdtkg aovdadht goapdiid` jy tbd powdr oc

tbd Boiy Wpkrkt to ikvd mh` wore tofdtbdr.

m) Po jd Ohd ks tbd vdry Hmturd oc Fo`< Goaauhkoh or tofdtbdrhdss ks mh khtdfrmicdmturd kh tbd vdry hmturd oc Fo`, ms dxprdssd` kh tbd Boiy Prkhkty. Prkhkty ks uhkty kh

goaauhkty. Pbdy mrd rdimtd` to dmgb otbdr, jdiohfd` to ohd mhotbdr, hdvdr khskst oh ohd‛s

owh wmy, mh` dspktd ’tbdkr outwmr` mppdmrmhgd oc kvdrskty,‑ tbdkr couh`mtkohmi uhkty ks

upbdi`. Pbdrd ks ho oakhkoh ovdr tbd otbdr kh tbd Prkhkty. Dmgb kvkhd pdrsoh pdhdtrmtds

tbd otbdr mh` miiows bkasdic/bdrsdic to jd pdhdtrmtd`, dmgb amkhtmkhkhf k`dhtkty jut sbmrkhf

tbd smad goaauhkoh.: Thkty oc dqumi pmrthdrs jouh` jy autumi iovd ks m ao`di tbmt

dxprdssds kvkhd rdmikty.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =77

7 Woadh @ms, Pbd Gburgb mh` tbd Vori`< Powmr`s m Jkjikgmi-Dtbkgmi Th`drstmh`khf

(Hdw @dibk< KW^GE, :>>3), pp. ;-=>.

j) Vd mrd kh Fo`‛s Vori < Pbd Jkjid jdfkhs wktb m vkskoh tbmt tbd wboid khbmjktd` dmrtb

ks ohd. Pbd ckrst two gbmptdrs oc tbd Jooe oc Fdhdsks mrd hot m sgkdhtkckg stmtdadht jut

cuh`madhtmiiy m cmktb-mcckramtkoh. Fo` ks tbd amedr oc bdmvdh mh` dmrtb. Wbd/bd bms

am`d tbd buamhs kh Bdr/Bks kamfd mh` ikedhdss (Fdh. =<:3-:6). Vd gmrry ’tbd jrdmtb oc

ikcd‑ fkctd` jy Fo` (Fdh. :<6). Pbdrd ks mh mcckramtkvd, mh khtrkhskg ohdhdss jdtwddh Fo` mh` mii oc buamhkty ms wdii ms jdtwddh buamhkty mh` tbd dmrtb. Pbd jkjikgmi vkskoh oc

ngmiid` to jd ohd‛ ks hot lust m dhoakhmtkohmi kssud or cor khtdr-rdikfkous goopdrmtkoh. Kt

bms to o wktb tbd wboid mh` mii oc rdmikty oh dmrtb. Pbd Mpostid mui màohksbds us ’to

jd kh tbd wori`‑ jut ’hot oc tbd wori`.‑ Po jd ’oc tbd wori`‑ ks to mggdpt tbd wori`‛s

vmiuds5 kt ks opposktkoh to Fo` mh` to ikvd uh`dr tbd goh`ktkohs oc buamh skhcuihdss. ’Po jd

kh tbd wori`‑ ks to dxdrgksd tbd wkii oc Fo`.

g) Fo` Jdgmad Cidsb< Fo` jdgmad cidsb so tbmt wd sbmrd ohdhdss wktb Fo`, wktb ohdmhotbdr mh` wktb tbd wboid grdmtkoh. Kh khgmrhmtkoh, Fo` ods hot rdamkh rdaotd mh`

mjstrmgt kh tbd wori`. Bd/sbd jdgoads tmhfkjid mh` vkskjid kh Ldsus. Bd ks am`d up oc

cidsb mh` jioo`, rootd` kh mh` rdimtd` to tbd bdmt mh` ust, tbd roufb mh` tuajid oc tbd

dmrtb. Pbus tbd Lobmhhkhd mcckramtkoh, ’Fo` so iovd` tbd wori`" (Lh. 7<=3) mh` ’tbd

Vor` jdgmad cidsb" (Lh. =<=0). Pbdsd mrd tbd dckhkhf gbmrmgtdrkstkgs oc tbd khgmrhmtkoh

tbmt Fo` ks khtdfrmiiy rdimtd` to tbd wori`. Pbks fkvds Bka Bks k`dhtkty mh` tbdrdjy Bd ks

mjid to k`dhtkcy wktb cuii buamhkty. Ldsus ks hot mh mppdmrmhgd, m ogdtkg ckfurd or m fhostkg

jdkhf. Bd ks oc tbd skhcui cidsb, smrx, jdiohfkhf to tbd gosaos, tbd wori`. Bd ks hot m`ksdajo`kd`, cidsbidss rdmikty.7 Pbd ngmiid` to jd ohd‛ ks hot otbdr-woriìy, jut kt ks to jd

dxpdrkdhgd` kh tbks wori`.

`) Mii Buamh Jdkhfs mrd Ohd< Pbd grdmtkoh hmrrmtkvd spdmes mjout ohd buamhkty.

Buamh jdkhfs gmrry hot ohiy ‒tbd jrdmtb oc ikcd‛, jut tbdy mrd mii grdmtd` kh ‒tbd kamfd oc

Fo`‛ (Fdhdsks =) krrdspdgtkvd oc gmstd, fdh`dr, goior, grdd`, dtbhkgkty or imhfumfd wbkgb

fumrmhtdd buamh jdkhfs m prkvkidfd` pimgd maohf ikvkhf tbkhfs mh` mcckra our goaaoh

buamhkty. Pbdy provk`d frouh`s cor rdspdgt oc ikcd mh` lustkgd mh` tbd rkfbt cor mii buamh

jdkhfs. Pbks admhs tbd rkfbt oc dqumikty oc mggdss to jmskg hdd`s oc ikcd ms wdii ms poiktkgmi,

dgohoakg, spkrktumi mh` guiturmi foo`s cor mii pdopid. Kt gohcdrs oh mii pdopid m wortb or

`kfhkty tbmt ho pdrsoh or systda - wbdtbdr poiktkgmi, dgohoakg, or sogkmi - gmh tmed mwmy.

Ikcd ks m kvkhd fkct to mii mh` dhmjikhf pdopid to gdidjrmtd tbks kvkhd fkct ks tbd roid oc tbd

gburgb.

d) Kh @okhf Lustkgd wd Vkthdss to Ohdhdss< Vktbout lustkgd, ‒gmiid` to jd ohd‛ ks iked

mh dapty vdssdi. Lustkgd ks tbd frouh` cor goaauhkoh wktb Fo` mh` jdtwddh buamhs ms

wdii ms Fo`‛s grdmtkoh. Khlustkgd jrdd`s `kvkskoh mh` bmtrd`. Pbd Bdjrdw ^ropbdts



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=7 0

0 Woadh @ms, Pbd Gburgb mh` tbd Vori`< Powmr`s m Jkjikgmi-Dtbkgmi Th`drstmh`khf,

7=.

spoed oc strugturmi trmhscoramtkoh oc sogkmi, poiktkgmi mh` dgohoakg systdas. dopid‛s

`kfhkty mh` crddòa wdrd tbd grux oc tbdkr vkskohs. Pbdy prohouhgd` Fo`‛s lu`fadht

upoh tbosd wbo dxpioktd` tbd poor, wkòw mh` strmhfdrs. Pbd propbdts miwmys uh`drstoo`

Fo`‛s ikjdrmtkvd mgtkoh kh tdras oc poiktkgmi, sogkmi mh` dgohoakg crddòa. Ldsus‛

mhhouhgdadht oc tbd Ekhfòa miso dajrmgds tbd totmi wdii jdkhf oc pdopid. Bd gbmiidhfd` tbd rdikfkous mh poiktkgmi systdas tbmt opprdssd mh amrfkhmikzd pdopid. Gbrkstkmh wkthdss

wbkgb ks adrdiy kh tbd sdhsd oc kh`kvkùmi smivmtkoh or otbdrworiìy smivmtkoh ks dssdhtkmiiy

m gohtrm`kgtkoh to tbd Foo` Hdws oc tbd goakhf oc Fo`‛s Ekhfòa. Pbd Ekhfòa

wbkgb Ldsus prdmgbd` wms tbd Ekhfòa oc tbosd wbo wdrd `dprkvd` oc ikcd. Ldsus‛

uhgoaproakskhf dcdhsd oc ikcd id` bka to m ikcd oc gohcikgt wktb tbd powdrcui ruikhf gimss oc

bks tkad.0 Po coiiow Ldsus ks to wkthdss to tbd mjuh`mht ikcd. Kt khvoivds smgrkckgd, succdrkhf

mh` opposktkoh cor Gbrkst‛s smed.

‒Gmiid` to jd Ohd‛ ‗ Ks Skskjid Thkty Dhoufb?

Ldsus‛ prmydr tbmt ’tbdy mii amy jd ohd‑ wms mòptd` jy tbd dmriy Gburgb to

`dsgrkjd tbd vkskjid uhkty oc tbd Gburgb (Dpbdskmhs 0.7) mh` tbd ’wboid khbmjktd`

dmrtb‑ (Amttbdw :0.=0). Pbd trm`ktkohmi uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd bousd oc Fo` rdcdrrd`

to tbd khktkmtkvds mkad` mt frdmtdr Gbrkstkmh uhkty or gburgb goopdrmtkoh kh rdspoh`khf

to tbd pmrtkguimr gohgdrhs oc tbd Gbrkstkmh `dhoakhmtkohmi `kvkskohs gmusd` kh kts

bkstory. Pbd couh`khf oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds kh =;02 amred` m skfhkckgmht

akidstohd oc tbd dccort cor uhkty jy tbd gburgbds. Corad` tbroufb tbd adrfdr oc tbd ’Ikcdmh` Vore‑ mh` ’Cmktb mh` Or`dr‑ kh =;02, tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (VGG) ks

to`my m wori`wk`d cdiiowsbkp oc 70; fiojmi, rdfkohmi mh` suj-rdfkohmi, hmtkohmi mh` iogmi

gburgbds sddekhf uhkty, m goaaoh wkthdss mh` Gbrkstkmh sdrvkgd. Po`my tbd adajdr

gburgbds oc VGG khgiu`d tbd Ortboòx Gburgbds, huadrous dhoakhmtkohs oc tbd

^rotdstmht gburgbds, wbkgb khgiu`d Mhfikgmh, Jmptkst, Iutbdrmh, Adtbo`kst, Zdcorad`

mh` soad Thktd`, Thktkhf mh` kh`dpdh`dht gburgbds rdprdsdhtkhf soad 43> akiikoh

Gbrkstkmhs kh aord tbmh ==> gouhtrkds mii ovdr tbd wori`.

Miohf wktb tbd dvdiopadht mh` frowtb oc VGG, tbd gohgdpt mh` prmgtkgd oc

’gmiid to jd ohd‑ bmvd jddh gbmiidhfd mh dxpmh`d . Pbd rmpk dxpmhskoh oc adajdrsbkp

jroufbt rkgb cdiiowsbkp mh` dxgbmhfds maohf tbd adajdrs, mh` ddpdhd` tbd Gbrkstkmh

wkthdss oc uhkty mh` sdrvkgd. Bowdvdr, tbd gburgbds kh tbd tbkr` wori` gouhtrkds jmsd` oh

tbdkr guiturmi pmrtkguimrkty mh` aksskoh dxpdrkdhgds bmvd gbmiidhfd` tbd trm`ktkohmi

uh`drstmh khf oc uhkty, wbkgb cogusd prkamrkiy oh tbd uhkty oc tbd gburgb. Vktb tbd krruptkoh

oc tbkr` wori` gburgbds, tbd gohgdpt oc ’Ohd kh Gbrkst‑ wms gbmiidhfd` to wk`dh kts sgopd

croa kts orkfkhmi gohgdrh cor tbd uhkty oc tbd Gburgb to tbd uhkty oc pdopid mh` ks curtbdr

khgiu`khf tbd ’khtdfrkty oc Fo`‛s wboid grdmtkoh‑.




4 Bumhf ô Bo, Aksskoh croa tbd Th`drsk`d< Prmhscorakhf Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh kh

Mskm(Eoiemtm< PGM/WMPBZK/WGD^PZD, :>=>), pp. =4=-47.3 @rmct @oguadht oc VGG oh Aksskoh croa tbd Amrfkh‛s drspdgtkvd, p. 0

Pbd kvkskohs oc tbd gburgbds maohf ‒youhfdr gburgbds‛ mrd hot so augb m ogtrkhmi

kssud, jut aostiy jmsd` oh hoh-tbdoiofkgmi cmgtors. Kh tbd dmriy ydmrs tbd dhoakhmtkoh

oc m gohvdrt wms goaaohiy dtdrakhd` jy topofrmpby rmtbdr tbmh jy tbdoiofy. Jut

to`my tbd kvk khf wmiis tbmt prdvdht pdopid to jd uhktd mrd corgds oc dgohoakg dxpioktmtkoh,

poiktkgmi opprdsskoh, sogkmi oakhmtkoh mh` guiturmi ksgrkakhmtkoh. Kh otbdr wor`s, wbkidtbd gohtdapormry dguadhkgmi aovdadht khktkmtkvd kh wdstdrh gouhtrkds cogusds oh tbd

uhkty oc gburgbds, tbd Mskmh sdmrgb cor uhkty ks krdgtd` to m wk`dr sgopd oc okeos k.d.,

pdopid‛s dguadhksa.4 Pbd Gburgb‛s uhkty gmhhot jd mttmkhd` wktbout tbd uhkty oc pdopid

kh tbd sogkdty. Pbus, tbd trm`ktkohmi gohgdpt oc dggidskmi uhkty mh` goopdrmtkoh ks how

sbkctd` to pdopid‛s dguadhksa.

Aordovdr, kh tbd gohtdxts oc Mskm, wbdrd aost oc tbd wori` rdikfkohs bmvd tbdkr

boads, Gbrkstkmh gburgbds mrd gbmiidhfd` to ikvd tofdtbdr wktb pdopid oc vmrkous ikvkhf

cmktbs. Kh m gouhtry iked Aymhamr wbdrd Gbrkstkmhs mrd m akhorkty, to rdstrkgt tbd sgopd oc uhkty wktbkh tbd Gbrkstkmhs or gburgbds‛ goaauhkoh, wkii hot ohiy jd aksskhf tbd gmusds oc

gburgb‛s kvkskoh mh` uhkty, jut miso kstort tbd trud admhkhf oc Okeouadhd, tbd wboid

khbmjktd` wori`.

Gmiid` to jd OHD ‗ Mrd ^dopid kh tbd Amrfkh Khgiu`d`?

Vbdh tbd kmiofud wms stmrtd` cor tbd coramtkoh oc Gburgb oc Woutb Kh`km (GWK),

tbd ckrst vkskjid uhkty oc tbd gburgbds, amhy tbkhedrs wdrd grktkgmi oc tbd khktkmtkvd. Pbd

Am`rms Zdtbkhekhf Froup wms quktd mpprdbdhskvd tbmt tbd gburgb woui` jd m stuajikhf jioge cor tbd aksskoh oc Gbrkst. Kh sujsdqudht ydmrs, amhy pdopid dxprdssd` tbdkr grktkgmi

vokgds sddkhf tbd gohtkhukhf dxgiuskoh oc tbd pdopid kh tbd amrfkh. Bow o wd amed tbd

dxpdrkdhgd oc tbd pdopid kh tbd amrfkh to jd ‒gdhtrmi‛ kh tbd jo`y oc Gbrkst? @mikts,

woadh, pdrsohs wktb ksmjkiktkds, pdrsohs ikvkhf wktb BKS, pdopid oc kccdrdht sdxumi

orkdhtmtkoh, trkjmi/m kvmsk, mh akfrmhts gohtkhud to dxpdrkdhgd dxgiuskoh mh ksgrkakhmtkoh

oh amhy crohts.

Pbd Gburgb wkii hot jd mjid to rdmikzd wbmt kt admhs to jd ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑,

uhidss wd ikstdh to tbd vokgds oc tbd pdopid kh tbd amrfkh. Croa tbdkr vmhtmfd pokht

tbosd pdopid kh tbd amrfkh, bmvd tbd dpkstdaoiofkgmi prkvkidfd oc ehowkhf wbmt

mcckras ikcd mh` dhkds kt5 wbmt bdips goaauhktkds mh` wbmt burts tbda5 wbmt gohtrkjutds

to tbd wdii-jdkhf mh` wbmt gkrguavdhts kt. Pbdy jrkhf ckrstbmh` ehowid`fd oc tbd succdrkhf

tbmt mggoapmhkds dxgiuskohmry prmgtkgds. Pbdy jrkhf fkcts tbmt mrd uh`dr-utkikzd` jdgmusd

oc tbd imge oc opportuhktkds mh` ksdapowdradht. Pbdy miso jrkhf m rdsdrvokr oc bopd,

rdskstmhgd, mh` pdrsdvdrmhgd tbmt gmh dapowdr pdopid to rdamkh cmktbcui to tbd proaksd`

rdkfh oc Fo`.3




6 Cor dtmki, Vmtk Iohfgbmr, ’Thgidmh mh` Goapmsskohmtd Bmh` oc Fo`‑,Pbd Dguadhkgmi

Zdvkdw, 37.0 @dgdajdr :>==, pp. 0>2-0=;.

Pbd Gburgb kh tbd pmst octdh cmkid` to gbmiidhfd tbd dgohoakg, sogkmi, rdikfkous,

guiturmi, mh` poiktkgmi systdas wbkgb bmvd amrfkhmikzd` soad sdgtkohs oc tbd pdopid

kh sogkdty. @urkhf tbd D`khjurfb Gohcdrdhgd =;=>, tbd idm`drs tboufbt tbmt okeouadhd

wms posskjid dvdh wktbout rdaovkhf mh` trmhscorakhf tbd strugturds oc opprdsskoh

mh` dxpioktmtkoh oc goiohkmi rdfkads. Pbd smad ks tbd gmsd kh tbd Gburgb to`my. Kt ks hot posskjid to mgbkdvd uhkty uhidss wd gbmiidhfd mh trmhscora tbd khstktutkohmikzd mh systdakg

khlustkgds tbmt mrd tmekhf pimgd kh tbd Gburgb, fovdrhadht mh` otbdr pujikg sdgtors.

Zdgdhtiy, K wms khvoivd` kh mh BKS mwmrdhdss profrmaad maohf tbdoiofkgmi

tdmgbdrs. Po mssdss tbdkr idvdi oc mwmrdhdss, pdrgdptkohs mh` mttktu`ds, m cdw qudstkohs

wdrd msed`. Pbrdd rdspohsds wdrd quktd sbogekhf. Kh rdspohsd to wbdtbdr mh BKS-

posktkvd gburgb adajdr sboui` jd miiowd` to pmrtkgkpmtd kh tbd Boiy Goaauhkoh,

ohd mhswdr wms ’Kt dpdh`s bow tbd pdrsoh fot khcdgtd`.‑ K msed` wby? Bd edpt qukdt

jut tbd skidhgd wms tbd mhswdr ‗ kc tbd pdrsoh fot khcdgtd` tbroufb m sdxumi mgt, tbmt pdrsoh sboui` hot jd fkvdh Boiy Goaauhkoh. Mhotbdr qudstkoh wms< Voui` you

rdgoaadh` to m iogmi gohfrdfmtkoh tbmt tbdy mppokht soadohd BKS-posktkvd (wbo ks

òkhf vdry wdii kh stu`kds?) ms tbdkr pmstor? Pbd mhswdr wms ’ho.‑ K msed` wby? Bd

rdpikd`, ’Pbd pdrsoh ks fokhf to kd sooh.‑ Mhotbdr rdpikd`, ’Ms iohf ms BKS ks mssogkmtd`

wktb kaaormi mgtkvktkds, K wkii hot rdgoaadh`.‑

K k` hot dxpdgt sugb mhswdrs croa tbdoiofkgmi tdmgbdrs wbo mrd fokhf to tdmgb m

goursd oh ’Powmr s Khgiuskvd Goaauhktkds< dopid Ikvkhf wktb BKS mh` MK@W‑ kh tbd

hdw J.@ gurrkguiua. K tboufbt to aysdic, mrd tbdy (our tbdoiofkgmi tdmgbdrs mh` gburgbidm`drs) jdbmvkhf iked bmrksdds mt tbd tkad oc Ldsus. Pbd qudstkohs mh` mhswdrs smy m iot

mjout bow wd pdrgdkvd tbosd mccdgtd` jy BKS, wktb lu`fadhtmi mh` hdfmtkvd mttktu`ds.6

Pbks ks lust mh dxmapid, jut skakimr mttktu`ds mrd stkii prdvmidht towmr`s mikts, pdrsohs wktb

`ksmjkiktkds, trkjmi/m`kvmsk, pdopid wktb kccdrdht sdxumi orkdhtmtkoh, woadh mh` so oh.

Pbdy mrd stkii trdmtd` iked sdgoh` gimss gktkzdhs kh tbd jo`y oc Gbrkst.

Vbkid K wms m tbdoiofkgmi stu`dht kh dmriy =;2>s, gmstdksa wms hot m tbdoiofkgmi

kssud. Kt wms hdvdr `ksgussd` kh tbd gimss rooa jut @mikts stkii dxpdrkdhgd khlustkgd,

rdstrkgtkohs, cddikhf oc gohtdapt, sdfrdfmtkoh, mh` dhòfmay. Dvdh maohf tbdoiofkgmiiy

dùgmtd` pdopid mh` rdspdgtd` idm`drs, wd octdh bdmr goaadhts rdcidgtkhf m sdhsd oc

prk`d kh jdkhf uppdr gmstd mh` m sdhsd oc sbmad kh jdkhf oc tbd iowdr gmstd. ^dopid oc

tbd iowdr gmstd succdr m iowdrd` sdic-dstdda, gohcuskoh oc sdic-k`dhtkty, sdic-bmtd mh` tbd

pdrgdptkoh oc tbd wori` ms m bostkid pimgd. Pbdy dvdiop gowmr kgd mh` tkak`kty, idm`khf

to bypdrtdhskoh mh` hdurotkgksa. Pbdy miso mgqukrd m sogkmi gbmrmgtdr oc dpdh`dhgd,

sogkmi kstmhgd kh tdras oc dtbhogdhtrksa, sdgiuskoh idm`khf to wktb`rmwmi, mhfdr, bmtrd`

mh` cddikhf oc hotbkhfhdss. Kt ekiis tbd goaaoh k`dhtkty oc m hmtkoh. Pbd trkjmi/m`kvmsk miso

uh`drfods skakimr dxpdrkdhgd mh` buakikmtkoh. Kh m``ktkoh, tbd trkjmi/m`kvmsk goaauhktkds




struffid mfmkhst imh` mikdhmtkoh tbroufb dvdiopadht mgtkvktkds mh` droskoh oc tbdkr guiturd

mh` k`dhtkty.

Vd gmh miso gmtdforkzd pdopid wktb ksmjkiktkds, pdopid wktb sdxumi orkdhtmtkoh

mh` woadh ms jdkhf mt tbd ‒amrfkh oc tbd amrfkhs‛. Pbdy mrd amrfkhmikzd` jdgmusd oc

uhlust systdas. Vd sdd pdopid wktb `ksmjkiktkds ms tbd dajo`kadht oc succdrkhf,dvki, uhgidmhhdss, mh` `dprmvkty. Amhy gburgbds mrd stkii hot opdh to rdgofhkzd tbd

fkct oc pdrsohs wktb `ksmjkiktkds mh` wd eddp tbda mwmy croa gburgb mh` sogkdty.

Pbdkr jo`kds mh` imjours mrd dxpioktd`, mh` tbdy mrd dprkvd` oc tbdkr crddòa. Pbd

gburgb bms octdh dxbkjktd` m pmtrohkzkhf mttktu`d towmr` pdopid wktb `ksmjkiktkds,

sddkhf tbda ms gbmrkty gmsds, ojldgts oc pkty mh` goapmsskoh. Pbd gburgb ckh`s kt

`kcckguit to wdigoad tbda khto tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst.

Mctdr tbd @dibk Bkfb Gourt Sdr`kgt kh Luiy :>=> tbmt idfmikzd` gohsdhsumi mùit

sdx maohf fmys, wd bmvd bdmr` amhy vokgds cor mh` mfmkhst tbd vdr`kgt. Ms tbd amrrkmfd jdtwddh amh mh` woamh ks hot ohiy gkvki gohtrmgt, jut ddpiy rootd` kh guiturmi mh`

rdikfkous spbdrd, tbd Sdr`kgt wms m surprksd to amhy rdikfkous idm`drs mh` goaauhktkds.

Cor soad, kt wms totmiiy m vkoimtkoh oc rdikfkous smhgtkoh, uhhmturmi mh` uhmggdptmjid kh

sogkdty. Jut, cor tbd dopid wktb @kccdrdht Wdxumi Orkdhtmtkoh (^@WGO), kt gohtkhuds to

jd m lustkgd kssud. Kt wms sddh ms ikjdrmtkoh croa tbd rmgohkmh imw. Amhy Gbrkstkmhs sdd

kt ms uhsgrkpturmi mh` m vkoimtkoh oc tbd smhgtkty oc tbd Fo`- khstktutd` amrrkmfd mgt. Pboufb

tbd Gburgb m`vogmtd ‒Lust mh` Khgiuskvd Goaauhkty‛, kt ks vdry ojvkous tbmt amhy gburgbds

mrd hot rdm`y mh` stkii stkfamtkzd mh` daohkzd pdopid wktb kccdrdht sdxumi orkdhtmtkoh.Mrd wd rdm`y to solourh wktb sdxumi akhorktkds mh` tbdkr cmakikds wktbout prdlu`kgd mh`

`ksgrkakhmtkoh, to provk`d tbda akhkstrkds oc iovd, goapmsskohmtd gmrd, mh` lustkgd?

Vd bmvd jddh tmiekhf mjout tbd woadh‛s rkfbts kh sogkdty mh` tbd Gburgb cor

amhy ydmrs ydt woadh‛s k`dhtktkds mrd sbmpd` jy adh wktbkh our sogkdty mh` gburgb. Mii

tbd gbmrmgtdrkstkgs oc jdkhf ’cdakhkhd,‑ sugb ms ojd`kdhgd, tdh`drhdss, swddthdss,

buajidhdss, ksgrdtkoh, amtdrhkty, wdrd msgrkjd` to tbda jy adh to dhsurd tbmt tbdy

woui` bmvd m pmsskvd amtd to jd tbd aotbdr oc tbdkr gbki`rdh. Pbks bms dhkd` woadh

jotb m vokgd mh` mfdhgy, skhgd tbdkr jo`kds, sdxumikty, mh` dhtkrd ikvds bmvd jddh gohtroiid`

jy adh. Woad gburgbds fkvd sdgoh` frm`d or khmtkoh to woadh.

Zdiogmtkhf tbd ’Gmiid` to jd Ohd‑ kh tbd gohtdxt oc tbosd kh tbd Amrfkhs

Zdiogmtkoh oc tbd ’Gmiid` to jd Ohd‑ kh tbd gohtdxt oc tbosd kh tbd amrfkhs ks hot

mh optkoh, jut m kvkhd amh`mtd. Kh Bks ikcd mh` wore, Ldsus wms khvoivd` kh mh` k`dhtkckd`

wktb tbd frmssroots, frouh` rdmikty. Bd k` hot jdiohf to tbd diktd, rkgb gimss. Bd wms wktb,

cor mh` croa tbd pdopid. dopid‛s projidas mh` prd`kgmadht wdrd Bks gohgdrhs. Bd k`

hot uh`drstmh` Bks spkrktumikty kh tdras oc sdpmrmtkoh croa tbd pdopid kh pmkh, jut kh tdras

oc totmi k`dhtkckgmtkoh. Pbd bmrksdds mh` tbd Wgrkjds wdrd miwmys uhgoacortmjid mjout

Bks mssogkmtkoh wktb tbd ’tmx goiidgtors mh` skhhdrs‑ mh` dvdh dmtkhf mh` rkhekhf wktb

tbda (Ae. :< =4-=65 Ie. =4<=-:5 4<:6-7:5 Amtt. ;<;-=7). Wugb pdopid wdrd gohsk`drd`

‒outgmsts‛. Kh mhotbdr gohtdxt, Ldsus ks aord gmtdforkgmi kh gbmiidhfkhf tbda, ’K tdii you,




tmx goiidgtors mh` tbd prostktutds mrd fokhf khto tbd ekhfòa oc Fo` mbdm` oc you‑ (Amtt.

:=<7=j). Bd miso smk`, ’Vbdh you fkvd m iuhgbdoh or khhdr, o hot khvktd your crkdh`s,

your jrotbdrs or rdimtkvds, or your rkgb hdkfbjours …. Jut khvktd tbd poor, tbd grkppid`,

tbd imad, tbd jikh`, mh` you wkii jd jidssd`‑ (Ie. =0< =:-=0m). Pbks gidmriy kh`kgmtds Bks

prkorkty mh` pdrspdgtkvd. Pbdrd ks m rdvdrsmi oc vmiuds or trmhsvmiumtkoh oc vmiuds. Bksaormikty mh` dtbkgs ks hot idfmikstkg, rktumikstkg mh` trm`ktkohmi. Bd wms hot sdic-rkfbtdous

mh` bypogrktkgmi mjout bks rdimtkohsbkps.2 Fo`‛s ekhfòa ks khgoapidtd wktbout khgiuskoh

oc pdopid kh tbd amrfkh.

Ldsus‛ cogus oh lustkgd ks am`d grystmi gidmr kh Bks sbmrp kstkhgtkoh jdtwddh tbd

rkgb mh` tbd poor. Ldsus smk`, ’Kt ks dmskdr cor m gmadi to fo tbroufb tbd dyd oc m hddìd

tbmh cor m rkgb pdrsoh to dhtdr tbd ekhfòa oc Fo`‑ (Ae. =>< :75 Amtt. =;<:05 Ie. =2<:45

Ie. 3<:>j-:=m, :0-:4m). Pbd pmrmjid oc tbd Zkgb amh mh` Imzmrus (Ie. =3< =;-:4)

kiiustrmtds tbd bufd fmp jdtwddh tbd rkgb mh` poor mh` tbd gohsdqudhgds oc kt. Bd fkvds mhk`dhtkty mh` kfhkty jy hmakhf tbd poor pdrsoh jut tbd rkgb amh rdamkhs uhhmad`. Ohgd

bd gbmiidhfd` m Zkgb [ouhf Zuidr (Ae. =>< =6-:4) jut tbd imttdr k` hot rdspoh` posktkvdiy.;

Cor Ldsus, lustkgd jmskgmiiy admhs strugturmi-systdakg trmhscoramtkoh. Ms sugb

Ldsus vdry octdh gbmiidhfd` tbd bmrksdds ms m froup oh sdvdrmi kssuds oh tbdkr idfmikstkg

posktkoh. Wdgohìy, bd wms gohgdrhd` mjout tbd smjjmtb systda, wbkgb wms

khstktutkohmikzd` cor adrd ojsdrvmhgd oc rktumis. Pbkrìy, Bd gbmiidhfd` tbd Ldwksb idfmi

systda, wbkgb wms opprdsskvd mh` mikdhmtkhf buamh rdimtkohsbkps. Courtbiy, Ldsus wms

fdh`dr-sdhsktkvd mh` tbdrdcord wored` cor fdh`dr-lustkgd jy fkvkhf kfhkty to woadh.Ckctbiy, Ldsus opdhiy goh`dahd` tbd tdapid systda kh Ldrusmida. Kt wms dtrkadhtmi to tbd

`dvdiopadht oc m lust mh` dquktmjid sogkdty. Wkxtbiy, Ldsus‛ uh`drstmh`khf mh` prmgtkgd oc

powdr wms rm`kgmiiy kccdrdht croa tbd dxdrgksd oc powdr jy bmrmobs, Gmdsmrs, ekhfs

mh` otbdr hoh-rdikfkous mh` rdikfkous idm`drs oc tbd tkad. Pbdsd mrd dxpikgkt dxmapids oc

Ldsus‛ imrfdr gohgdrh mh` m wk`dr vkskoh. Pbks wms bks Adsskmhkg akhkstry. Bd gmad to

khtroùgd mh` khvktd us to sugb m ekhfòa oc Fo`.=> Pbdrdcord, wd sdd tbd coiiowkhf

prkhgkpids kh Ldsus‛ vkskoh oc ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑.

=. Ldsus‛ vkskoh oc ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑, ’tbmt tbdy amy jd ohd‑ ks m aovdadht cor tbd

Zdkfh oc Fo`5 tbdrdcord tbd Zdkfh oc Fo` ks tmedh ms tbd uitkamtd khtdhtkoh cor ohdhdss. Po progimka mh` mgtumikzd tbd Zdkfh oc Fo` kh tbks wori` ks tbd couh`mtkoh

cor uhkty5 to jd trud dguadhkgmi, dvmhfdikgmi, ikjdrmtkohkst admhs to pmrtkgkpmtd kh Ldsus‛

aovdadht cor tbd Zdkfh oc Fo`.:. Ldsus‛ vkskoh oc ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑ ks jy hmturd m aovdadht oc khgmrhmtkoh mh`

k`dhtkckgmtkoh. Kt wms m aovdadht sdt occ jy tbd rdgofhktkoh mh` gohcdsskoh oc

tbd adsskmhkg k dhtkty oc Ldsus jy bks coiiowdrs. Pbdrdcord tbd vdry hmturd mh yhmakgs

2 Woadh @ms, op. gkt., pp. 33 cc.; Kjk`., pp. 6> cc.=> Kjk`., pp. 62 cc.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =7;

oc tbd aovdadht ks tbd trmhscorakhf powdr oc khgmrhmtkoh, m powdr tbmt ameds @kvkhd

jdgoakhf buamh kh or`dr to trmhscora buamh‛s prd`kgmadht. Pbks wms m aovdadht`dgkskvdiy krdgtd` to tbd or`khmry, tbd owhtro``dh, mh` tbd amrfkhmikzd` wktb sdic-

buajikhf k`dhtkckgmtkoh oc smgrkckgkmi iovd. Pbus mh mutbdhtkg uhkty maohf Fo`‛s pdopid

ks posskjid ohiy tbroufb k dhtkckgmtkoh kh iovd to tbd vkgtkas, tbd poor, mh tbd succdrkhf.==

7. Ldsus‛ vkskoh oc ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑ ks m aovdadht tbmt trmhsgdh`s buamh- am`d

jouh`mrkds5 Ldsus grossds tbd jouh`mry oc Ldwksb trm`ktkoh to rdmgb pdopid oc

`kccdrdht hmtkohs mh` dtbhkg froups, mh` dvdh curtbdr grossds tbd buamh jouh`mryto grdmtd m bmraohkous rdimtkoh jdtwddh buamh jdkhfs mh` tbd rdst oc grdmturds.

Ldsus gmad to jrdme buamh-am`d jmrrkdrs mh` juki` jrk`fds oc uh`drstmh`khf

mh` mgtkoh. Bd wms wkiikhf to idmrh croa hoh-Ldwksb sourgds mh` pdopid iked tbdWyropbodhkgkmh or tbd Gmhmmhktd woamh wbo gmad to Ldsus kh cmktb (Ae. 6< :0-

7>5 Amtt. =4< :=-:2). M trud uhkty gmh jd dxpdrkdhgd` wbdh wd mrd joi` dhoufb to

gross tbd jouh`mrkds mh` imuhgb tbd goakhf oc tbd @kvkhd hdw grdmtkoh.=:

0. Ldsus‛ vkskoh oc ’gmiid` to jd ohd‑ ks m aovdadht oc bdmikhf oc tbd wboid khbmjktd`

dmrtb. Pbd ikjdrmtkoh oc tbd wboid oc grdmtkoh ks tbd krdgtkoh mh` fomi oc tbd Fospdi.

Kh tbd purposd oc Fo`, tbd grdmtkoh ks m bmraohkous gosaos mh` hot m gbmos. ^mui pdrsksts croa tbks boikstkg pdrspdgtkvd mh` mcckras, ’Kc mhyohd ks kh Gbrkst, tbdrd ks m

hdw grdmtkoh5 dvdrytbkhf oi` bms pmssd` mwmy5 sdd, dvdrytbkhf bms jdgoad hdw‑ (KK

Gor. 4<=6).

GohgiuskohThlust prmgtkgds mrd orfmhkzd`, systdakg mh` khstktutkohmikzd` iked tbd Zoamh

’Idfkoh‑ mt tbd tkad oc Ldsus, mh` tbus m goiidgtkvd soik`mrkty rdskstmhgd ks kapdrmtkvd.

Wdmrgb cor ohdhdss kh tbd jo`y oc Gbrkst khvoivds ksamhtikhf tbd dxkstkhf uhlust systdas

mh` khstktutkohs tbmt pdrpdtumtd systdakg khlustkgd to amhy pdopid. Zdskstmhgd admhsgoaaktadht to struffid oc tbd dcdhsdidss pdopid cor rm`kgmi gbmhfd kh tbd systda oc

opprdsskvd strugturds. Kt `damh`s m gohtkhuous goiidgtkvd struffid mfmkhst tbd aksusd mh`

mjusd oc powdr. Pbdrdcord, wd aust goiidgtkvdiy rdskst uhlust systdas tbmt tbd Gburgb

amy jd ohd.

== Kjk`., p. ;>. =: Kjk` ., p. ;:.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=0 >

A[ ZMKHKHF @M[W

\kh Muhf Wwd

Kt wms m rmkhkhf my. K mttdh`d` m idgturd oh tbd topkg oc Dguadhkgmi kh T Bim Ju‛s

adaorkmi bmii. Jy tbmt tkad, K wms mh uh`drfrm` stu`dht mt tbd Zmhfoh Thkvdrskty mh` K

pmrtkmiiy khvoivd` kh tbd Wtu`dht Gbrkstkmh Aovdadht (WGA) mgtkvktkds. Kt wms ay ckrst

tkad to bdmr tbd wor` Dguadhkgmi. Pbd idgturd wms fkvdh jy Wmym Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhfwbo spoed wor`s jy wor`s wktb ddp tboufbts. K wms so jord` kh tbd jdfkhhkhf jut K

rdmikzd` tbmt tbd idgturd wms so goaprdbdhskvd mh` tboufbtcui. K goui` sdd bks trud goa-

aktadht oc dùgmtkhf Dguadhkgmi gohgdpt maohf Gbrkstkmh Wtu`dhts. Mctdr ohd bour idg-

turd, ay akh`-sdt sbkctd` to tbd vkskoh oc Dguadhkgmi gohgdpt. K k`h‛t rdmikzd tbmt tbks

idgturd wms m jmskg couh`mtkoh oc ay ikcd to jd m strohf idm`dr kh Dguadhkgmi Gbrkstkmh

Vore, dspdgkmiiy kh WGA. Wmym Waktb ks ay ckrst tdmgbdr oc Dguadhkgmi Gohgdpt.

Kt wms m rmkhkhf my. K pkged` up ay uhgid, Zdv. Vkh Pkh wbo wms tbd Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry oc Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (AGG) mt tbd [mhfoh [AGM juki`khf.Muspkgkousiy, K adt Wmym Waktb wbo wms mh Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry oc AGG. K wms

msed` to sdde cor m sgboimrsbkp kc K wms khtdrdstd`. Wkhgd ay pmrdhts wdrd Fovdrhadht

stmcc, stu`ykhf outsk`d Juram wms m jkf rdma cor ad. Pbd gost oc tuktkoh cdds wdrd cmr

jdyoh` our gmpmgkty. Bowdvdr, K goui` sdd bks proakskhf dhgourmfdadht mh` strohf

mspkrkhf to ad cor tbd sgboimrsbkp. K wms tboroufbiy m`vksd` mh` fuk`d` jy Wmym Waktb.

Vktb bks trdadhòus supports mh` rdgoaadh`mtkoh, K wms fkvdh sgboimrsbkp jy Fdramh

Dguadhkgmi Wgboimrsbkp rofrmaad. K goui` stu`y cor m amstdr‛s goursd kh Zdhdwmjid

Dhdrfy kh TE. Kt wms mhotbdr turhkhf pokht kh ay ikcd, boi`khf m Amstdr @dfrdd croa TE.

Wmym Waktb ks tbd adhtor oc ay gmrddr dvdiopadht.

Kt wms m rmkhkhf my. Our wd``khf wms jidssd` mt tbd Lu`soh Gburgb. Kt wms

bohord` jy our giosd crkdh`s mh` rdimtkvds. K wms frowh up mt tbd Lu`soh Gburgb mh`

jotb ay wkcd mh` K wdrd so frmtdcui to bmvd Zdv. Waktb mh` Ars. Waktb to bdip us guttkhf

tbd wd``khf gmed. Our ckrst tmse oc m cmakiy ikcd wms dxdgutd` tofdtbdr wktb Zdv. Waktb. K

goui` sdd bks loycuihdss mh` bmppkhdss mt our wd``khf. Pbdrd wms ho oujt tbmt bd wms

pmrt oc ay cmakiy adajdrs mh` wd mrd goaakttd` to sdrvkhf Fo`. Kt wms mhotbdr turhkhf

pokht kh ay cmakiy ikcd, bmvkhf m jidsskhf croa bka. Wmym Waktb ks m stmrtdr oc ay cmakiy ikcd.

Dzdekdi 70<:3 smk` ’ K wkii jidss tbda mh` tbd pimgds mrouh` ay bkii. K wkii

sdh` rmkh mt tbd rkfbt tkad. Pbdsd sbowdrs wkii jd m jidsskhf to tbda".

Ay rmkhkhf mys mrd hot ydt ovdr.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF =0=

A[MHAMZ WDGPKOH



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF=0 :



























































































































































































BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :74

\OIMK WDGPKOH



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:7 3




HTHPMEHM PMVB IMA BOHF IME T PBMVHF

Mwk Ebmh Hfmk

M u Pbmwhf pdh m pkmhhm hu kh bohf huskm jmkb mbkb amhkh, pkidpu ekmhfmb

eo tmwb em oaebmwa ub bk. M pkmhhm Hu jmhf tdetde ambkh bohf hdk m, Goiidfdmemb ohf m ekebmwiebmwa em bk ub bk. M hdu tuuhf m ekpmhkh pkidpu huidpmtd bohf

kt kh, bohf zmbtme ambamb bk. Kthm pdh ema tmwb fdh hfdkio hmpk, m huhtmehm tmwb

bohf imeebkm dh bk. M hmutd ktkh, zuhkh, pumbkh, m hmptuk iumhf hmhfmwh m tmwpsme

bk. M kmekh Ebmkpu, Hkmhfjmwk id Imagkh mamu tdhf tbua jmhf m u Pbmwhf k òidedp

mbk bk. M pu kh bohf huskmt ebkt gkmhfkh m pk kh smu vdkpk bohf mapkb m, m pk m huhtme

suhf tmwhtuhf hdeid`mwh, skibidtdh ekgkhf tmekh pkm-kh vme bk. M pk k bu tmwphm m

jdkòhf m fdk mb tutpkb kh, edakh ebok bk.

M u Pbmwhf tmwb em ektbumbhmtd fdh hk gkidhf fdh khf tmapk oa bk. Pumtd

suhf pmh tmwaebmt eohf puime huma bk. M hdu imk-kh io em eumhebmwa zdi ub bk.

Smkeumh vmkgkmb gkmhfkh, hm bmthop idb hm imwa hm fumitd tmwb hm toh kh, edk bmtio

bkkhf, bohf amebdib kh hm pmk kh, gk-kh em smwi bmhfkh utio bk. ’Hu mw em imwatd

tmwb khhebmt mb vmk tuhf ebmwa `khf bkedhf, hu tmwb khhebmt mb vmktuhf ebmwa

`khf bk bmhf‑ gk-kh em huhf pmhkh bohf zuk-kh bohf huskm hfdkio bk. Imapk mb mhftmekh

ebmwiauh mb tuk em mwh khf ub gkmhfkh edk bohf mwh amsmsme bk. Hde khfkh em

pume ub tmhfamk hmhfmwh pbdiebmp kh, edk bohf hd amsmsme bk. Edk hde amsme iobkh

ebmtvdk zohf hd amsm hfdkio bk. Smk em tuh ub gkmhfkh zohf em sdhf bohf idtsme bk.

Em skhf pume tdhf bohf sumbebkmtsme bk. Pum ebkt gkmhfkh m hmutd tmwk-kh, hu bohf

gkmbtm, gk-kh em mhf-mb bohf pkm bk. Pum jmhfkh m hu id m pm bohf zmbtmehm pdh m

fmatmthm tmwb m imeebkm dh pm mbk bk.

Mh hd khfkh mheumhf em ua skauh, m hu k mheumhf em smwe amskmb ebmt vdk

zohf smwe hfdkio bk. Mamb m ekpkm tuma hde `khftd hmhfmwh m hu bohf bmwa

bmatmhf bk. Pbmhf Bo id Ikmh @o tmhftbu jmhfkh metuk tmhfebmt m hde `khf zohf m

hu mpbdiebmt bohf ebdh bmatmhf bk. ^mwkskahm ebmt pdub moa gkmhfkh zohf, m

hmutd mh em tbmkebkt gkmhfkh hmutd hm eda hkhf hu mw humatmekh mh hd kh gk-kh m hu

bohf kthm bohf ebumihmtd em pbmwe ekeeke bk.Pmhsmwa bohf ohfkh Goiidfd emb khf m pmk gkmhfkh Amh`mimy pmh imk bohf ebme

m, ’Hu mw goiidfd emb khf em pmk imk-kh Imkio ebum ebuhf em tuh gkmhfkh ebum eohf fmi dt

m, huidpm id em hmutd pbmweium em bkb amhkh, em iuhfidhfkh em emp hkiob bk. Pum gkmhfkh




edkidedk ekbdbhdakh em ebktuktd huikh, em ebumizkt amjmh hm zoa khf‑ bohf gk bk. Pum jmhmb

Amh`mimy mb smhf m emb gkmhfkh, hkska kh jubskb id sm hd dh bkhm pk-kh, "Hu tmwb io

eumhkh jub id mhtdb bumhkh amzmbkhf fmwk tmwb mh k hde pdh tu ohf em ema mb ika imk bk"

gk-kh imk bohf ebme bk. Khh ima bohf hfmkium khf, em hmutd hfmkium khf gk-kh, khhima bohf

pbmwezkm bohf fdh bk. Puhk ohf amb bub tbdkbhm pmhpkb tbdkbhm ebdapdub mb bohfbubkh bohf pmhpkb dh bk.

M u Pbmwhf pdh m hdutuuhf m ekpmhkh kthm hdk-kh, iuhfhda bk. Ekhkmaebkmt-

kh mskmh ua ambamb bk. Ak`mhf ebmt pdub ebmskmthm khfkh emapmu hfdk bdtio bk.

Hm ebmt pdubpdub mb m emapmu tmwb tbu bkibio m, m huhtmehm tmwb tbu m bkib `dh

ebmt mbk bk. Puhk òhf gkmhf amb hmupmhftd id ebmhfhotd em tbu bkib gkmhfkh, m u

Pbmwhf huhtmezkm fdhtdbkh tbu bkibhm-kh em hdk dh bk.

Fdh khf tmapk tme oa m, edkam ebut ambamb tmwb imk fdibskma em bkb iob

amh id, em eua zohf bohf tmatm mbkb amhkh, em iuhfgka hmwhio mbkb amhkh, fdhhoptmapk suhf pmh tmwaho eohf fdibebkmt mbk bk. Popm ^mskmh kh m u Pbmwhf gk`ma

iu`ma bohf pkm bdhim, eua smupk bohf zmtsme tmbdh.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :7;

DPPDBPMME WAKPB ^KMH\KM HMA 4

Hmhf Ebmw Pbmwhf

Pbu amsm

M zmbtmebumk Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf‛ eua 34 gkh gkmptdbhm imkju suhfmb

imkfdib ebumh em hfmb amhkh em iuhf`ma bk. Ebm imamb em m, tmesm imamb em T mbkb

amhkh m tmhftbu tma em tbdkedk bk. Mbk zohfkh Gkkahumk Ebumvme Ho.;, imkamk :2-:; suhf

id Zdv. @r. Wkaoh mu Ebmh Dh tmhftbu suhfm, mam‛ fdibhm imkamk ;6-=>> suhfmb mam‛

tmhftbu, khheumh suhf tbu, pkihm skhhm, ampmhhm ebdapdub gkhftmekh oaebkh mbkb amhkh

mam‛ pkmhzkm gkkhtmme em sme hma 4 jde eohf fdib bk.

=. Jdtbidbda ebum mb pkmhfkh, Hmzmrdtb ebum pmh ebmhfm, Ldrusmida mb hm m sda Popm

Ldsub jmhfkh, Gkkhfpkeot ebum pmh pkmhfkh, Pd`ka, Pohzmmhf, Amh`mimy, [mhfoh mb

pkihm skh m, ekpmwihm tbupk tdhfmb hmsda ebmt mbkb amhkh, pkmhhm ebumidtuk m tmwksmhfpm

mbk bk. Gkkhfpkeot ebum pmh jkmehm amemk tbupk mhf tmapk pkmhfm, PJM fma suhfmb

skm amsm mbk Zdv. Woh Ebmw Ebma5 AJG Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh @dpmrtadht mb

@krdgtor m sda Zdv. @r. Pbmhf Gkh Ikmh5 Jkjid Wogkdty oc Aymhamr mb Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry m sda Zdv. Ebok Ima Pbmhf5 ZG Cmtbdr topm Ebmk (Cr Mh`rdw Pbmhf \m

Ebmk) … gkbtd mbk bk.

:. Aosds kh Dfypt fma pkihm ebdapdub m skh ebkt gkmhf emapmu id hmsdp skma… m gkb

jmhfkh idktuhf pkihm smhfpktme m skh zmwb gkmhf, jkmehm pkihm mwitmapk skh to imk m, tum

zmwb gkmhf jdekh mskmh hm msda pmh ebmt mbk bk. kihm smhfpk m hdkb jmhfkh mskmh

zmthm zohf smhfkh zmktmepk pmb bk. Bkb kh tu buh id amkima buh mskmh hmsda khftd

pkmhzkm khf ika bohf ime bk.

7. M ekvmehm auh (m tdapuehm) mb hm sda ebm bk. Jkmehm pkihm m skhhmtd k dt gkmhfkh,

jkmehm hmaeka tmwb hm sdpebophm, ekpmwihm tumatuma tmwb hm sdpebophm imavkvd mbkb jmhfkh, m hm sdphm zohf TGC, AGG… gkbtd bkpmb bk. Emwitd‛h ’Ak

ammh auh ammh-QQvirWdcmd&arWdc}} m gkb jmhf ikmhkh skhhm id sdphm m ektumb khf m

eksmphm ika bohf ime bk.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:0 >

0. Ema tmwb fdh smhfkh sdphm tmwb imezmw bk. muhme kh ’Ema tmapmutd tmaebkmi‑ m

gkb tmwb ekpdib bk. Mamb ematmwa bk. Fdhhm smhfkh sdphm tmwb huhftm zmw m, fdhhm

smhfkh sdphm tmwb aktd tbubkib zmw bk. Fdhhm huhf ekzuk iokh sdphm huhf ekzuk zmw

mbkb amhkh amemk bokb mbkbhm ika bohf ime bk.

4. ^mui kh, ’Fmiòhm m pbm em o, ek dahm euhf ohfkh em tmmk…‑ m gkb jmhfkh, hm

sdphm mb bmesmthm tumatuma zohf oaebm khf bk. Khheumh huhtmehm mb zk hdkb

tm hdkb m skh jmhfkh, zk ebumksumb (adkfoh) zohf skhebkh bk. Bk tmidb bktd ebdapdub

emhtmhkh, eua gkhfkh, sdp euagkh ohf Mam‛ hm sdato sume mbkb amhkh, fmiòhm

m pbm m o, ek`dahm euhf ohf m tmmkpm mbk bk. Dttdbtmme huhtmezkm tmapk imemb

hma 4 jde eohf puimme bk. Iuhf`ma.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :0=

EM ATMH @DH@DH ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF

^mu Ebmh Dh

Idktuhf-mb ak pmwiebmttd ak‛ aumhtbdkb tbdkb `khfkh emapmu auepmu idfmatmt iubdde m eksdeb tmwa oa ubm, m bmhgkma amb jmhfuh zohf ak`mhftd‛ aumhhm

id zmbtmehm hfmb tmepk ub bk. mwi ebmttd iduidu, eksdeb tmwa sdsd io-kh mamu oakh

oa bkt-bkmt hmpk ub m eksdeb tmwatmwatd zmb ambkh ak`mhftd‛ aumhhm id zmbtmehm

m hfmb pmwiebmt zohf oa bk. Bkb pdh mamutd tuhfmb mskmh‛ pkme pkmhpkb, sumbedh‛

tbupbm mbk bk. M eksdeb tmwatmwa m ak aumhhm id ak zmbtmehm m hfmbtd smhfkh

bmapbm zmw ub bk. Bkb jmhf hmatd imemb tu m eohf fdh `khf ^mskmh‛ smwitme Zdv.

Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf (tu-m ekpmh bkb tbuiuk suhfmb Wkm Pbmwhf ekgk `khf bk)

zohf m ekbdi mbk bk. Ebumebmt tukebmt m, oa ebmwa bkio em bkb amhuh mam‛ tbu,

mhdhf-mtmwhf-kh em tbdk ebm edk bk. Mbk zohfkh ^mskmh‛ hmsdphm suhfmb sdaebmwa

ebm zdubzdub em bkb amhuh em tbdkbhm jmhf m toakh eohf fdhhuma bk.

K. EM EK@M^ PBDKBHM TB

=;3: euakh Pd`ka Jmptkst Mssogkmtkoh (PJM) Euagkh Ekeboppk pdh Bumihfo

fma Puk`ki ebum-mb tuhfm tum auh-mb Gkkhfpkeot ebum Edkzmmhf Pukpbua mwipk

pmhkh m hdu tuuhfm jkmehm m imwp hmupmhf Wkm Pbmwhf id Pmmeima ebum pmhm m

ekhdu tdksme ambamb hmupmhf mu Ebmh Dh (tu-m ekpmh bkb tbuiuk suhfmb Wkm Dhho

gktm khf bk) td ekeboppk skka-kh ekbdiebm tume ub bk. Mbk zohfkh eum eusmid, eum upm,

gkb m pmk ub bkio mbkb amhuh ektbdk ebmio imk ub bk. Ebmtvdk Hortb @mfoh mm oa Wkm

Pbmwhf‛ pu mbk m Gkh Pumh‗td khhmb jkme ekebophm ebmt oakh tbu m fdhfdh ubidb,

tum PJM Ebmwapk mb m hkb-uh ekbdiebm ub mbkbima ekfdhebm ubm, ’Mimk! Hmhf zohf

tum imk-m moa bk fkfd amw!‑ ekgk tume ub bk. Pmmeima hmupmhfpm Wkm Dhho, bkb

Ekeboppk m pmkebmehm pdh bkjmhf mbk bk. Pum ekeboppk skka khfkh Ebmatuhf fmam

Wmhfamhf oasuh mbk Zdv. @r. Zojdrt F. Lobhsoh id [mhfoh pmhkh Wmhfamhf huadk

Akss @orotby Zkgb bohf pmk ubm, tum imk-mb Emwifmajup Pukpbua Huadk Amemkpk

Wkmam @mw Dstbdr Jyu zohf ekbdi bk. Mamu tdhf mhbumh khfkh Wmhfamhftd mhbumhmbk m Ikmh Ebdh kh tum imk-m MJA Jomr`dr mb tmh eum (Bkfb Wgbooi Ckhmi) skhm oa

tmhfvmihopm Wkm Dhho pdh mamb tmwb ektbumb khfkh zmwh bk. Mpm id m Ikmh Ebdh

td jmwhf tdhf smwtpk pdem ektbdk ebkhsm ub mbkb amhkh m zmwhhfma bk-m, m zotpm kh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:0 :

zohf hkmi bdtiokh zukpmb ikmh bk. Mpokhm pdh tum Puk`ki Ebmwapk pmhkh Pd`ka tuhfeke id

Hkpk emmiebmt ebkt gkmhfkh Bkfb Wgbooi Ckhmi Euapk Imkvumh m vumh khf bkpmb bk. Mpok

smwhsmwhhm-mb tum jmhfm m pmkemmi-kh Pmmeima pmhkh m pm pdh m tmpm‛ imkvumh tbmpkm

`khfkh Pd`ka mb hm pmk-m, mbkb bmhfkh m tmpm kh Puk`ki Ebmwapk hm skkasmh bk. M tuh ohf

amb hfmem, m tuheke gkmhfkh tmmk pmb bdtiokh u Hoe Fkh‛ hkmhftuksmk mb aob id hkmhftuk mebmatme-kh m vmme ebkt gkmhfkh, ’Imkvumh eumheumh m, ebumi hm zkh amwe, hm imkekm idgkh

jmhfgkb khf hm bk bkma?‑ gk-kh ohf hfduhfdu bk. M tmpm tmhfvmihopm kh, ’ m mw, tbuhfdh

id ek-mpsm m pmk em bkb amhkh ekmio khf bk‛hf, mskmh ua khim, edk zohf bohf aumhf kh‑ gk

bk. mskmh‛ bubhm tmwb tum euakh ohf tmepk bk. Pum Ebmwapk m pmk pdh amkima-mb mskmh‛

hm m sdpeboppkb khf Wkm Pbmwhf tmwb jkmehm suhf ekbdiebmwahm m amsm pdh bkpmb bk.

Bkb tmhfvmiho tdfdi mptmem m ektbdkbhm ub m auh hkbhm pdh =;3: eua Mprki ebm-

kh Pohzmhf ebum Bkfb Wgbooi Wmhfpk mb PJM akh amb tmwb Ebmhfho Amemkb Ekskhhm

(Idm`drsbkp Prmkhkhf) ekhdk-m, tum imk-mb Khsdkh Amhf Imk Wkmhftbo Wmhf (Juram @kvkhktyWgbooi, tu‛h AKP) pmhkh m ohf skm aumhbumk Zdv. Emk Ebmw Pbmwh, Zdv. Cdiiy Hfo Ebo

Gkh, id m tuhfm k fdhsm Wkmam @mw Dstbdr Jyu-td kh bkib ubm, m pmk ebdapdub kh humasm

ambamb ub bk. Bkb imk auh amb-mb zohf jkmehm uue m tuhfm tmhfvmiho fdi ekbdiebm tume

ub bk. M foi ub gkmhfkh, ’Mb! Hmhf zohf tum imk-mb moa bk fkfd amw‑ ekgk iduidu ub bk.

Wkm Pbmwhf id Wkm Dhho m ek`mp tbumbebmehm m tbua vdkhm pdh =;34 eua \JG

Ebmwapk, Pmuhfpbkim ebum mbk bk. Wkm Pbmwhf pdh m hdutuuhf m ekpmh im uue, im skma mbkb

amhkh m smhfembhm Pd ka Pukpbua mwipktd (tu‛h GAJG) kh Gbokr sm khfkh bmatmhf pk-

m, m pmksme ub mbk bk. Mamb zohf tmhsmwa (Amtrkg) imkvumh khf ekaimk amb bkzdi bk.^mskmh‛ bubhm tmwb imkekmt oa zddh edk, bob m gk jmhf! Wkm Dhho pdh Khsdkh Imk Wkmhftbo

Wmhfmb m eua ebmthm zo-kh smhfebme m gkmbtob imktme bk-m, \JG Euatbua Ebmwapk

tmwb hm ektumeebm mbkb amhkh tumbpbm eksm idtiut pdubamb-kh ekbdipmb ikmh bk. Im ima-mb

juhf zmwio-kh tbu ima-mb juhf zmw m, Pmuhfpbkim jkmekhh suhfmb \JG didfmtd-td id

Emwifma pmhm bohf pmk Wmhfamhftd, Fmasuhf ak jkmehm amemktd tbu ekeuphm mb ekbdi-

kh tbu hmehfmkb ambamb bk. Pum imk-mb tbu ekfdh mfdh`m ikmh hkb oam, ebmt pdh Pd`ka

fmam \o mwipktd‛h \o Jmptkst Mssogkmtkoh m hfdthm ub id Pd`ka fma pmh amb-kh Pd`ka

ekka-m oa Wkm Pbmhf \m Ema‛ pmwitd vmk ekeuphm mbk bk. [mhfoh pmhm bohf pmk fma`mhf

Wmhfamhftd id Fmasuhf amemktd kh mamu‛ hfmkbsuthm jmhf m fdhebkt ub gkmhfkh, ’Ho

\JG upmtd kh Wkm Pbmhf \m Ema‛ khauh jmhfgk aub hm bk ub bkma?‑ gk-kh ohfm, \JG

fma suhfm amemk aumhbumk pdh ebmt mbk mbohf huskmsm Zdv. @mvk` Smh Jke kh, ’Pbks ks

hot bdrdtkgmi dhoufb to dxgoaauhkgmtd croa tbd Jmptkst cmakiy‑ gk bk. Wkm Dhho kh tum

imkfumi tu ohf m gkmatdb imk bk. Bkb tmhfvmiho fdi ekeua eboiiopk id ektbuzm eboiiopk-kh

jkmehm pmwktd mb ekbdiebmwa ebm kma`kma ub bk. Mamu fdi fkhmt amh bkzmwiokh bdbpkbhm

tmwb mskmh kh mam‛ hmsda khfkh m tddi tume mskmh‛ hmsdatd mbkb amhuh m ebmhfho imk

ubm, m ekbdiebmehm ub ekeboppkhm id tbuskhhmtd pdh mamu tdfdi m khfkh jkmehm ima ekpmttmbhm

bohf sume bk.




KK. M IMHFPMHFM EKPBDKBHM

=;33 eua Ebumebmi smhfebme gkmb-kh smhf bohf eke khf Khsdkh mb m pmk gkmhfkh

Wkm Dhho pdh Khsdkh Emwi Imk Wkmhftbo smhf (tum imk-kh Juradsd Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry,

tu‛h AKGP) m emb khf m imwapm Gkkhfpkeot ebumak Wkm Skmi Ebmh Ebmk tmwb tohebmwa

ub bk. Aohywm pmhkh Amh`mimy adkiddhf ebmwihm zkhftuuhf-kh tuhf ubm tum imk-mb Amh`mimyThkvdrskty m smhf memb Wkm Pbmwhf kh hm hm`mwh bk. Im uue-kh skma mbkb amhkh tum imk

buhm m akhtbmhf Jimgewoo` Jrotbdrs imjutd bohf zohsme kh, gk-kh Wkm Dhho ekmhfmb m

hfdh bk. Ebmezo bkma, ebmezoio bkma? gkb tuhk ohf m tdizoedk tm imwaimwa bk. Mbk

zohfkh tum zkhfsmhf tuuhfm Amh`mimy stmtkoh mb m ekaubhm pdh ub m aktebm-mb tumhftumhf

`dh bk.

=;6= euakh \JG Ebmwapk Bmebm fma Jumhiuhf ebum mb tuhfm tum imk-mb

Thkvdrskty m amhebkt gkmhfm J.Z.D m emb Wkm Pbmwhf zohf pmwk skka-kh pmk bk. Wkm

Dhho amb zohf Akh`mt mb eua tbua suhf (=;32-=;6=), mskmh‛ hm m sdpebkt gkmhfkhJ.Z.D embeke humakh eua tbua suhf hmsdphm \JG Ebmwapk mb Zdport pkm khfkh

vmpmk bk. Akbohpk ekebophm-mb, \JG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry Zdv. Lmads Wmhf Mwk kh Wkm

Pbmwhf idb Wkm Ebmajmwk (Wkm Bmu Ikmh Ebma)-td aditbdkbhm jmwim mamu‛ ekvmebhm

id skmahm mbk imsme id im gohùgt m skmahm akpktd imemb fdhebkm-m akpktd iuhf`ma

ambamb-kh ebut ekjddhf zkmbzkmb jde bk.

=;6= Luhd ebm pmhkh Wkm Dhho J.Z.D emb m, tum imk-mb Wkm Pbmwhf pdh J.Z.D m

eua hkbhm, hm ekpmhtm mbkb amhkh euaebmt suhf jmhf smhfemb ebmwa ub bohf sume bk.

Imkskahm ebmh suhfmb moa mh id m tbuòt mhtd m ekpmh moazkm ebdapdub Wkm Dhho kh pmmetm bk. kgkhf oa, akpki oa sm ambamb bk. Thkvdrskty smhfhmupmhftd imemb mstor sda

`khf mbkb amhkh emapmu auuepmu id ak`mhftd tmwb ekzophm mb bk sdhsdh-kh skmtd id

smhfhmupmhftd kh Wkm Pbmwhf pdh pmmetm tde ambamb ub bk.

M tuhfm jmhfkh mskmh‛ hmsdphm mb mptmekh id imhftmekh ektbumbebm zdubzdub

ubm, mbk zohfkh :>>3 eua Pd`ka Jmptkst Gohvdhtkoh bohf pkmh gkmhfkh ^mskmh‛

pkmesm m akhmapkb ub mbk Pd`ka aktd‛ bohf aktsumh tume ub mbkb amhkh m ebmhfho

imk buhtd ub smhfkh ektbumbhm id tbuidim vmkbmwaebmwahm bohf tmazmw sdasda bk.

Wkm Pbmwhf pdh idktuhf pkihm (sdguimr dùgmtkoh) m skh m ekpmh id ^mskmh‛ hm msdp

suhf ebdapdub Ebrkstkmh-td ekpmwiebmwahm (dguadhkgmi aovdadht) khhtdde tmvumh

m pum`dh mbkb amhkh m amemkbhm ebdapdub-mb tum vmk tmwb eksmk-kh aumh pdh, sumh

pdh id òt pdh ebmt bohf bkpmb mbkb amhkh ^mwipk id akhmatd kh m pbmttumapkb

ambamb ub mbk bk.

Wkm Dhho kh Wkm Pbmwhf tmwb ektbumbm hmsdp ebmwa `khf imwp `dh bk.

Emwifmajup Ebrkstkmh-td‛ Ekpmwiebophm (AGG) mb Aymhamr Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd

(ADK) idb tbdoiofy ima hmsdphm Mssogkmtkoh cor Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr

(MPDA) td-mb Wkm Dhho pdh Gbmkramh bktume m, Wkm Pbmwhf pdh Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi

Wdgrdtmry id Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry sda toto mbkb amhkh ekhmk tmekh hm bohf sdaebmwa

tbdk ub bk. Pum jmhf ambkh Wkm Dhho kh AKP mb rocdssor m sdp (=;;3-:>>3) suhfkh

Wkm Pbmwhf pdh AKP Jomr` oc Prustdds Gbmkramh mbkb amhkh m hmsdp ebmwahm ub

bohf tbuue `dub`dub, bohf smmhf `dub`dub amk bk. AJG mb zohf Idm`drsbkp




^roaotkoh @dpmrtadht mb Wkm Pbmwhf pdh Gbmkramh bk-m, Wkm Dhho pdh Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry

mbkb amhkh ekhmk tmekh hmsda ebmwa tbdk ub bk. Bkb buh suhftd mb Wkm Pbmwhf kh hmsdp m

oi, m zmmhf tddiio-kh, m sdphm auhauh-mb gkbtme, eubemihm tmwb m sdpima Wkm Dhho kh

tdipbm ambamb bk.

KKK. WKM PBMVHF PTHF ^MH ^MWKMH‛ HMWDAPD KH DPPDB PMME

PBTPD

Eua tmapk suhf ^mskmh‛ hm gkbtmehm tmwb m sda Wkm Pbmwhf tuhf pmhkh

^mskmh‛ hmsda ebdapdub kh immetmme id dttdbtmme tbu tmapktd imemb mhumk-m tbu

pmwiebmt em puimmeebkm huma bk.

=. Ekhdkb tmwahm hdk bdtio-kh mbkbhm jmhfjmhf tmwb mskmh‛ hm sda bk.

(Wkapikgkty mh` Wkhgdrkty)Wkm Pbmwhf‛ huhtmehm-mb bkbhm iopk ekhdkb tmwam, ektbupksmehm gkbtd

ekimhfebkm hfdkio bk. umhskib hkketdh mm ekpmh, tuthm ebmwihm, emapmu auepmuhm-

mb m oi tbdk pdhpdh-kh m huhtmehophm (skapid ikcdstyid) ekimhf pbm ambamb bk. Ekhdkb

sdsd iokh ^mskmh‛ bdbpkbhm tmwb bkjmhf m sume em bk bk mgk pbkupbkmu idi mbk bk (=

Eorkh =4<=>). Jkmehm ekamemkbhm suhfmb m euiiopk-m jumkhm k tumb ebmeebmehm pdh

k bkbhm smhfm m smhfzmw id m ikmhzmw pk-m ekhdkbhm bmhf bk-m, tum jmhf ikatd Wkm

Pbmwhf tuhfmb ekau ebmio bk.

:. \mk tmwb tuaio-kh, tbue tmwb tua bk. (^rocuh`kty kh idm`drsbkp)

Wkm Pbmwhf‛ huhtmehm-mb ak jmhfkh tbu ebmt pdubpdub zmksme-kh umhffdh

zumzum io-kh toksme-kh tbuue (procouh`) tmwb tua ambamb bk. M fdhhop ebmt m tut

amtdhf-kh iuhfekmio, huskmio-kh fdh gkhtdh `dh bk. M emmiime-mb m supok oa pbkmi

tmsdidb, mam‛ fdhhop pdh amheke tmwaeke-kh m fdhhop m tut ohf fdhsume bk. Pum

amhkh zohf m amemkbhm pdub-mb m tbu m pmkpmk zo mbk bk. Pbufdhhm jde-mb bkio-kh,

amemkbhm (idm`drsbkp) mb zohf tum jmhfamb-kh umkhm tmwb amtuhzo bk.

7. Bumkeka hophm iuhfska hdk bk. (Khgiuskvdhdss kh bks idm`drsbkp)

Ebrkstkmh-td ekpuaebmthm (dguadhksa) pdh m sumbedh hfkmt iuhftup mbkb

amhkh m amemkbhm-mb zohf \otm, Emwitm ebdhio-kh mbkb tbdkb tmwp-kh bumkeka pbm

ambamb bk. Mamb zmbm iuhfska pkgkhfio tm khfkh mam‛ tbuebumihm id bumkeka hophm

pdh zmtebkmib tbdkb pme `khf addt`mwbhm (dxpioktmtkoh) zohf sumeebm `khf bk. K

tbdkbpkb ebktiob m sup imwbimwbhm tmapk oa khfm, mbk zohfkh tbuuahm id pbuhhm m

aue pmhkh m pmwtebkmt ima ekzm hfdkio bk. Akbkhf‛ fumizmwb jmhfkh zmwb tuaio-kh,

^mskmh‛ fumizmwb jmhfkh fumizmwb tuapm mbk bk.

M tuhfm k fdhtd jmh-mb imetmme id dttdbtmme `khf tbu tmapk Wkm Pbmwhf‛

huhtmehm id amemkbhm-mb tmapk oaimk `khf bk. Bkb auhmb m vdekh k fdhebkh zoedk

`khf bk. Bkb imkju suhf pmh ambamb-kh zohf tmapk k aubjdb khfm, tumtd hmhfmwh,

m gkhf bkhmkio khf bk.




^mskmh kh ak m zmthop gkmhfkh bmituk hfkdhfdk-kh sddepmmt fmwp amsm m, tum ebkt

gkmhfkh Mam‛ dkb jmhfjmhf m mzmt ima k Imk Wkmhftbo id mwipk tmhftbutd kh tbmhf vmhfvmhf-

kh tdgk bohf pmhf bk. ^mskmh kh Wkm Pbmwhf m bmitukzkm, m sddepmmtzkm akbkhf‛ tmtd ekakh

tbume zoio ebm khf bk. mskmh kh Wkm Pbmwhf‛ huhtmehm-mb hm ikmh pkpk sdp hop imk hdk pbm

ambamb khf bk, gk-kh Wkm Dhho kh ima-dhkh m ua bk.^mskmh kh \oaktd suhf pmh Emwifmajup m`khfkh am`mwe, amemk id mkhmwe

amsm Wkm Pbmwhf bohf pkme amhkh k iuhf`ma m, eua tmapk suhf k akhma id k fmajup

^mwipktd bohf amemkbzo khfkh gk`ma iu`mahm id bkhsmwt ebmhsmuhm bohf pkmesme

tmbdh, gk-kh tbuhfdtsmehm tmwb tbupbm pmkb-kh em tbu em ebua bk.




ZDS@ WAKPB HFTIB \M PBMVHF EDK PBDKBEBME @MH

Pbmhf \m Pumh

Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf pdh makh idb Aymhamr Gbrkstkmh Gouhgki ‗ AGG mb mam hmsdphm gkb em tbdkbgki m ekpmhkh tuhk òhfkh mamb em pmetm fkfd

ska`dh bk. Pum jmhfkh mamb em aubhm id em pmbtme fkfd mbkb ima mamh zohf m tbdk

ebmska `khfkh zohf em fkhftm edk bk. Hmsdphm auh id aumi ekjmhf ebm bdtio mbkb

amhkh mamb tmwb hmk ebmt suhf tmepk m ekgkmh kh em ekbtbumb, em ekebmwi ebm hfdkedk

bk. Mamb em pmbtmehm pdh ak fdhhm jmhmb, mamb em aubzkmihm id em iuhfskatmwhf

bohf dhf ebmt oahm pmhkh em fdh mbk bk.

M eua em gkmh hohedk bk. Dkak ebmt AGG mb Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry sda gkb em zm

m, em mhftmhf pohf amwe bk. M huhfgkmhf Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf, Gkkhfpkeot

ebumak bk gkb em zm bk. Mw, Gkkhfpkeot ebumak em tbdkb suhsuh mskmh akzmt id akgktme

vkvdtd bk gk-kh em tdihm ebmt moa bk. Zdv. Woh Ebmw Ebma kh em zk tmwb em ektddh

aopmwk iddhfimò hktme kh m tbufdhhm pmh akgktme mbkbhm id m pki fkufkmuhm ebmt em

aub ebmehm jmhmb Gkkhfpkeottd Wmhfskm gktme vkvd em tbdkb suhsuhtd tuhf pmhkh m

amu ebumaktd m pmetm pbm`dub zohf em bk ebmidi khf bk. Bkb jmhfkh ebum ebmt k pk-

dthm zohf dk jmwitmwa tbdkb bkiokh m fddi, m zdde ebmt amb kh vmhfpkmehm hdksme

bkhfddi `khf bk em gk bk.

Wkm Waktb gk-kh m Amhf akh tmwb k sma zkmuzkmu zmw bk. M hmsdphm zm id

tmvumh bmhfkh m oahm [AGM mb Wmhfhmupmhf ebmt vmk kh ebmtvdk em bmwb hfdk

amsm bk. M oa`mh id bohf bopkbhm `mh pmh kh ak huhhda, akgktme, iuhfska skmhftbo

id ak aumhbumk ebmt mbkbhm em aupmb bk. Pum jmhfkh ak aumhbumk bkedkidb dk Emwifma

mb dk \oak suhf pmhkh ^mskmh hmsda m am`mwe id m smhf pdh tuhf amsm pdh bkbdtio

`khf bk. M ektbumbpkb imwa id fumi id m vmkbmwapkb uikmhtd aumhhm id sumhhm zohf

m hfmb mbk bk. Mam‛ ekgkmt ambambhm id mskmh m zmbtmehm bmhfkh mskmh kh m immasmhf

toto mbk hfddi bk. Mw, Jkmehm hmsda ime mb \oak ak aumhbumk jdib tbdkb khf ebmt m

hdk fkfd bkbmhf dk em gk dh bk.

Ak aumhbumktd k gkb kh vmkebmt hdk kh mamu ekmhfmb vmeo idbmhf bohf tbuikaska khbohf euppkb id dkbsmehm tmwb bohf fddipkb tmhftmhftd mbk ub bk. Wkm Waktb pdh aktd

eobhm vmk ebmt pdubpdub mb tbupkime (sdrkous) pmbkh mam vmkzmb kh mau id m smhfpmb bk gk‗

kh em au bk. K vmhfke bohf pumepkbhuma pmb mbkbk. Pum kh m ak aumhbumk mbkbhm bk. Pum




amb jmhfkh ak em tbdkbebme suhsuh Wkm Waktb ekmhfmb bubhm m hfdh pdubamb tmamsmeio

bk gkb em zm dh bk. Bkb kh mskmh m zmbtmmehm id k akhma m kt, m bumkhm mbk fkfd bk.

Wkm Waktb pdh m pmu gkmhfkh zohf m mw hdda bk. Amktmhf sumb gkka sktsdt bk. Ak

tbupkska mbkbamh pmwihuma bk. Ak tmwb eksddi vmvm hdk hfdk khfkh em uaedk bk. Pum amb

jmhfkh m zk, m tmtd tuhfmb zohf mw smhf hfdkio khfkh em aumhfamwb pmbikmh bk. Wkm Waktb pdh tbu m tmhftme-kh dhkh, ke bk, amh bk mgkbhme idb iuhfbkmhf hdkio tmekh m sdahfma fkmp

ebmt bk gk-kh ak`mhftd bohf fdh em zm bk. Smk tbupk ebmt oa idb zohf m zk hmhfmwh tmwb

ekeua supsup gkbtd m zmhf bdtio, pmsmi ekgkmh ambamb ebmt mbkbima ak fdhhm pmh kh em

tdipmb bk.

Akbkhf m zmikmh tmtmtd mamu tmwb ektumekh zd-dthm k gk`kma, mamu dkbtbu id

ima-dt bdtiobpk kh ohfbtumbhm ebmt id hkb m mektumetbdk bmatmhf amb mbk bk. Mam

mhfsuhf ebumihm mbk ekiediio idktuhf akebdipki pmwiebmt k ebddahm m tumbebme gkmhfkh

zohf ekadib sdiokh edk ebkmibhm bk dk gk-kh jkiebuehuma pmbidi bk. Akpki id akbokbtmtmetd jde kh tum jmhfkh amwb skmthmtd m tbumehfma jde ub mbk bk. Bkb kh ak tbupk

mbkbhm m imeebkm ebmt mbk fkfd bk. Pbma iokh ^mskmh kh akbkhftd pumeimb `khf tbu

eohf pkm hfdkedk khf gkb m emaami tuhfmb ekhfm ikhikmh bk. Bkb jmhf aktd Emwitd kh

pkt`mkhfbtmwhf (jkiikedh) gk kh ^mskmh kh imasmhf vdvd `dh `khf bk gkb em aumhhm

bkpmb bk. Fth. Wdhtd amemkpk ebmt mbk @dhf Bsko ^dhf jmhf mbk bk.

Idktuhf aktd kh ohfbtumbhm mikmh pdh m`mhf ebmtkh, k Hu k ^m, k \k, k msmi,

k tmtd tmwb skbhm m ekebdh mbk bk. Wkmhu kh Wkm Waktb id m tmtd bohf hutskmt vmt gkmhfkh

m smh`mh id m tbume`mh skma ambambkh amktmk tmekh iddhfim m o zo bk. Bkbjmhf buhgkmhfkh m tmazmw ebktuk aumitumhfkh ek-oa tbdk bk. @ohfbtumb k gkb m ektumegkmt amb

`khf bk m, m pmsmihm id m pkgkhhm ekimhf em sm bk. Dttdb tme vdvd mbkbhm hma ebmt zohf

bk.

Wkm Waktb tuhf em aubhm m eka eboiedk `khf bk. Edk tbdkb ebme mh tdhf bk. Ed'h

mbkbidb mskmh hmsda id m akzmt imemb dttdbtmme, \osumhb Pmpm akhtbmhf ebmt kh m gkmatdb

`dh khf bk-khf.




ZDS@ WAKPB PMVB EKWMK EM ATBHM IDB EM PBDKBHM

Pbmwhf Ebmh Gkh

@r. Pbmhf Gkh Ikmh kh Wkm Waktb tbu ohf mt id ub tdb gk-kh, em hupm ub ohf vmk ebme

hfdk amb m, ohf pbmwe jkijdi kh huma bmhf d-ekgk-kh em oaoa ub idb Wkm Waktb kh imk ohfebme iduidu tdb idktuhf pkmhzmwb eo m `khfkh mhftmhhm ikmhpk ebmt ohf oa tmwb ekjmhf

ikmhf mbkb amhkh tmwa ohf mt khf.

Ho (=) WBW Pd`ka mb Waktb Amsoh tmh (R) mskh euakh edk zohf tmh (SK) tmwa

vdk Pd`ka amb mb smhfemb ebm kh mamb wkhòw fdk mb tu bk-kh suh smhftumb ebmt aob id

hkmhftuk vm hd kh gk-kh pddeebmt (=Eymt) ohf pkm hfkmu bk. Pum buh imk-kh hkmhftuk bmkfoi

ebmt pkm :4 (>>.:4) ammtebmt, aob pbddhf foi m smb akubadub ebmt tdb ammtebmt amb bk

imk bk. Hmmehuma ambamb em bkb amhkh Waktb Amsoh pdh edk m khfkh ebmhtmwh em kt khf

Hfuib \m Pbmwhf hm bk m, m amh jdi @mi \m Ebup tmpm Ebma Fo mu hmupm em bkb ima

ohf tbdkebkh hm bk fkfd mkvd. Puhjdi ak ekakh Wkm Waktb m gkb pdh bk. Em u mu tmwb imwatm

ebmt bk-kh, tum imk m em oahm ub Puktbmhf ebum mb hkpkemi (wddedh`) ohf bmwb tbdkzdi ub

bk.

^mskmh ua, imsme uue, impbume, imskma ebmt kh m amu buhkh ekgkmatdb bk. Pd`ka

GAJG mb ebmhfho ime mb ekbdi kh, im amemk sdakh m tmh => imk vumhpk am-kh PJM skvumk

^bmkzm ebum idb \JG skvumk Pmbmh ebum mb pmk eddk hmpk-kh, Popm kh tmh => euaebmt tbu-

kh ohfsme vdvd bk.

Amh`mimy Mrts & Wgkdhgd Thkvdrskty mb smhfemb zoa sumekh =;3; kh \ooiofy

tmwb J.Wg m hfmb ebkttdb Thkvdrskty Gbrkstkmh Cdiiowsbkp td mstor khfkh Khsdkh A.K.P mb

J.Z.D embzoa bk. Pum buh imk-kh Emwifma Imk Wkmhftbo smhf mb J.Z.D profrma io m`mhf

m tbupkzmw oa hmkio bk. M eua tma tdetde kh, mskmh m uphm ebmhf tdetde mm Popm‛h zmhf

toto bk.

Idktuhf emmaskmthm tmwb m pkmhhm m Hu-kh huskm jmkb m, m k ebut suhfpmh m

ebmhfebkm mbkb amb jmhfkh, m k tdde ambamb tm, m vdb kh [mhfoh pmh Gkkhfpkeot ebum mb

ohf gkmbtob idb mam oa suhfkh m k kh iuhfeka tmekh Popm ekmhf zumtsmh bk. Wkm Waktb zohf

Popm tbupbm hfmb em sm m, iuhfekabumk em sm ambamb bk. M pkmhhm m k huhtme suhf gkmhf

òhf, eo khh amb zkhtuh pmmkebmkhm kh ohf hdk mbkb amhkh, iuhf`mahm id zmbtmehm em imb

zmwbiob bmhfkh, tbu id im m tbdkbpkb ebm sume khf. Em zk, Wkmamb Hkhf Ebmw Bmu kh

Gkkhfpkeot JDAW mb skmpk m sdp imktme mbkb amhkh Wkm Pbmwhf ekmhfmb zohf m ^k

iuhffuibhmtd mhdhf mtbda kh tbu id im m tuhtbdk sume khf.




\oak Jmptkst Gohvdhtkoh Cmima mb, Mssogkmtd Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmry em sdpimk-kh

\JG-OJ mb Wkm Waktb, or`khmtkoh pkmebumk vmk ekeuakh, mamb id Zdv. Mrtbur Eoimy tmwb

em ekau m, tum eua amb kh Lu`soh Jmptkst Gburgb td kh mamu Lujkidd mb m pkme khf ub m

ekgkmt tmetdb, \JG pmh ekpkm hmwhio eke bk.

Ohf kt ambamb mbkb amhkh, ohf bmwatbmwb hm mb zohf ohf tmkfmwp hfma bk.Aymhamr Gouhgki oc Gburgbds mb m sda mbkb amb jmhfkh mwipk (@dhoakhmtkoh) ekbo

tbdkb ekpmwiebop tbdkb `khf juipbub bk. ^midtwm fma, Amtupk fma mm oa Amrm

Kh`dpdh`dht Gburgb id Amrm Kh`dpdh`dht Dvmhfdikgmi Gburgb hma hkb oa, Imkidhpk ebum

id Wmjmwhfpk ebum juipbub jdipmwi hkb m oatd jmhf vm fmwatumb zo bk. Popm kh zmhf bk.

\JG pmh tmkebkm-kh \oak Jmptkst Gohvdhtkoh oc Aymhamr em pbumtimk uh akfkio amemk (iu

su fmwhf smwhf) bk fkfd tdb ohf gk hfdk mm ebmskm zoio zm`mb zoio zdh bk-khf.

Iuhf`maeob khf tmapk hdk-khf. AMWT m emb imk-kh TPG uhkcora : m hdkb = ohf

bmwa5 A.Pb m hfmb ebkt tmkbebd`mp ju : m hdkb ju = ohf bop pm bk khf. Mam dkbsmehmtmwb Aymhamr Jmptkst Gohvdhtkoh td fma`mhf smhfemb khf m akh ekfumibhm mb em ekbdi

bmhfkh, ’bkb bk dk‑ gkb moa pdub ambiob tdb Wkm Waktb kh Gburgb Amhmfdadht profrma,

Dhfimh` fma Jkrakhfbma Gkty, Wdiiy Ome-Vdst Bkii Goiidfd mb ohf vmkbmwasme m, AGG

pmh bk-kh, VGG sgboimrsbkp mbkb amhkh bmapbm ohf eksm ambamb bk. M aohf ohf pmtsme

sm mbkbhm tmwb ekzuk-kh em vmktdhf zoa toto kh, tu tm`kb kh em zk em tm tmwb TWM mb oa tbdk

jdetbmaio-kh, mskmh kh Puism ebum mb Aymhamr \oak Jmptkst Gburgb mb mstor ohf

sdasme bk. Edk id em khheumhpkb tm khfkh, Popm tbupbm bkzmb em aubhm ub mskmh fdi bk-

kh, imaimepm id Popm vmhzmt pm kh Zdv. Waktb bk. Popm kh Wkm Waktb id m sumh m ebme idktuhfvmhtuhf tbupbm ohf pkme tbumbsme imk tmbdh.

Bkb em imk mt m skaebm akami eka kh Zdv. Waktb amb jmhfkh tmpk`mw huhtmehm mb

m ebmhfgkhf ak skmhftbotd k sumb hmhfkh k jkme mskmh kh tbupbm hmaeka bohf pkm tmbdh.





GGM MWWOGKMPD FDHDZMI WDGZDPMZ[

(:>>3 LMHTMZ[ MH)

^MHATH EK^KMEHM BMHFKH ITHF@MA^KBHM IDB

^MBPMVKHM-KH ZDS@ PTMH EBTM EBMA' IM^BTMB

(@dgdajdr ==, :>>4)

(m) \otuk vohtmwk Wkm Waktb Pbmwhf, tuhf Wkmhamhf kh m tmwk smhfsmwh

skaidk tuhfmb tmthm eumazmk-kh, zmhf sdimwk jmhf m akh tbmhf hm d,

(j) Puhf Wkmhamhf kh bohf tmwk smhf jmhfkh,

pkmhpkb zotuk gkkh id tumk td zohf hmhf bohf tmwk smhf mw.

(m) Wkmhamhf skh tbu tuemwitmwk zkhfvmk bmwahm,

Wkmhamhf iuhftmk d, tuivua smhf ebmwi gkm,

(j) Suasmhf hm ebmwi tmhf jmhf ma mw,

gkkh id tumk \ofma idk tmwb imwk jmhf tbmhf ebmwa mw.





Skmi Ebmh @mk

Ebumtumi id khheumh suhfmb Pbmwhfpbke m ekgk Zdv. Waktb Hfuib \m Pbmwhf

pdh em upm Wkmh \m Suhfb id Hu Pbmhf Hda suhf pmhkh Luiy =, =;06 eua kh Gkkhfpkeot

ebum mb pkmhf bk. Mhmu Tmp Ebmh Gkmhf Mprki :4, =;4: euakh pkmhf m, Luiy ;, =;47 hk-

kh bohf huskm bk. M hu Hu Pbmhf Hda pdh =;:0 eua kh pkmhf m, Mufust =4, =;4: hk-kh

bohf huskm bk. M hu kh bohf huskmjmkb mbkb amhkh Pbmwhfpbke pdh m pk id m pu ekmhf pmhkh

m ebmhfebkm mbk bk. Pum mbkb amhkh m pmtd ime m, m hmutua pdh mbk edk id em khheumh tmwb

m ebmhfebmwa em bk ub bk.

M smhf embtbdkb m ekpmhkh Gkkhfpkeot ebum mb Pmh 6 gkmhf emb bk. Pum zmwbgkmhfkh Pd`ka smhfpk mb Pmh 2, ;, => ohf emb bk. Mam pkmhzkm pdh m hduho tuuhf m

ekpmhkh tdktmhf ambamb bk. Wmwiamhfkh, tbuamhf ambamb ebmt mbk bk. M smhf embhm mb

Pmhebmt pmh Pmhsmwa ohf imkekm hfdkio bk. Pd`ka smhfpk mb m smhf emb suhfkh mskmh tbu

imwp ambamb mbkb amhkh Gburgb Gbokr gkbtd mb hm ekbdi`dh mbkb amhkh mimwa mfumi td'h

zohf ktkh, mskmh pmbtmehm hm hfmb bk.

Pmhsmwa bohf oh gkmhfkh Goiidfd embsme khf em gkbidb em u kh (m pkmhhm m pm)

Khsdkh mb Imk Wkmhftbo smhf embsme idhf, bohf gk bk. Ed'h Goiidfd emb kh idktuhf dfrdd

ebmt hfmb amsm pbotpbot idb bokb khf bk, em gkbidb m pm kh zohf bohf tbuekapkbeke bk. Pum

buh pdh =;34 eua Ogtojdr ebm suhf bk m, Cmima mb hmsdp khf smphm imk em hfmb buh

imktme mbkb jmhmb em tmhkbhm ub Hkmhfjmwk sumb khf buh imb bohf hmk ambamb tm mbkb

amhkh imaemimk khf jmhfkh em jumk ambamb bk. Pum jmhfkh vmk tmapk eop kh em oa imktme

uh, uidhmu tdhf ekemkebmwakh hktme mheumhf uaebophm ebmt em vmkbmwa ub m, mh hde

`khf gkmhfkh em tmhupk ub mbk m Ebma \m Hmhf kh mhhde tbuhfdthm id m bumaeka pkkepdde

kh tbuhfdthm bohf hdkbsme m, tuhk ohfkh tum tbuhfdthm em iuhfska suhfmb pbmwepbmwe

imk-kh, em amhfhfkib tbdkedk bk.

Pum pmhkh Pbmwhfpbke zohf Amh`mimy mb smhf emb khfkh pmk-kh, mskmh bubhm

tmwb goiidfd emb suhfkh zohf imkekm gkb oaio bk. =;3; eua kh J.Wg (\oo) tmwb dfrdd

bohf hfmb bk. Goiidfd m amhebkt gkmhfkh, m Hdu mw jmhf sda idhf hohf dkbsme bkma,

gk-kh bohf ohf m,"Pum sda kh, gk-kh eohf fdhpkb khf tbdktumhedk khf, hm huhtme buh suhf

tdhf hmsdp khf mbkb amhkh hmhf am ut pdhpdh bohf tbuekapkb khf‑ gk-kh em mwhf bk.




Amh`mimy mb Goiidfd m emb suhfkh eua ebmthm eo khheumh kh tmvumhim-kh, eua hkbhm

gkmhfkh em u kh tmvumhim bk. Eua tbuahm id eua ikhm pdh Jo Wumh Emk td kh tmvumh

bohf im mbkb amhkh iuhf`mahm pdh amhfhfkib zmwbiob zmb khfkh ikmh ambamb bk.

Amh`mimy pmh goiidfd m amhebkt gkmhfkh Khsdkh AKP mb JZD emb m, tum m amhebkt

gkmhfkh Amh`mimy TGC mb mskmh hm sdakh, mskmh kh bohf zmt tobtob sme mbkbhm emau m, em iuhf`mahm ikmh ambamb bk.

M u Pbmwhf em pbumb Im<

(m) Wkmh dkb mm amjmhf em pmtsm, Iohòh pmh tbdihmb bohf idhfsme dd,

(j) M smu ikaikmh pmmi em vdi gkmhf, iukiumhf pmmivm zda jmhf dd, hfmkb mw.

(m) Puh hda mw gk-khf em fumi imk-mb smhfb pmmiho jmhf edk ek-mma vdhf dd,

(j) Woh aoaho zohf m fumi imk-m em mhftmwk tm tmwb tmh jmhf eka khfkh bdktm dd.




WKM WAKPB ETA 34 GKH ITHF@MA^KBHM IMK

Hfmktuk Sohtmwk

^mbtmebumk-kh, m iuhf`mapkbbumk Wkm Waktb pmbtme iuhf`mapkb puimehm buhpbm

hfmb em bkb amhkh, iuhf`ma kh, em mhftmhf ambamb bk. K \osumh tmtd ime pmh ebmt m bohf

pkmhf, Wkmh kh Mroh jmhf m, gkjmhf bohf tdisme, k \ofma aumi mwh smhf pmh dtgka tbdkio

k Bdksm pmme, m \o m Emwi, Amhfemhf, Amhfvoatd hm hfmwh kh bohf tbdkbpkb kh, bohf

zmbtmesme, imabokb imapbm bohf ime k amemkpk ebmt mbk Wkm Waktb pdh, dttdbbumk idb

pmbtmwkbumk em sm ambamb bk.Pmpk`mw khheumh suhf pmh bohf ebmhfebkm kh, pkihm smhfpk euktuhfkh zoto m,

bmhgkmahm idb pkihm tbmamh, ekimwatme m fumizmwbhm iuebu hddiemk mebu, k \oaktd‛

ammk bohf tmhfsme, uphm idb pkihm ebumvme tmwb bohf amemkb skma, k Wkmpkpm m huhf

zukbskma gkmt hk! Zdv. Waktb pdh, m buh zuk m, Lobh tbd Jmptkst tmwb ekjmhfkh, aktd‛ eksmphm

jmhfjmhf m msda, mpbui, mfdh hfma tuugkhf bokb/ekgkmh ambamb ebmt mbk bk. Akpki, akbmutd

iuhfska pmkzkm idb ioebo skhfpum, adkfohf mkpmatd tmwb zohf hfmkbsuhhm ekbumi kh

mtohebmwa tbdk tuugkhf bokb ebmt zohf mbk bk. Bdbhm tbmhfpmkbhm idb emaskmt idkskmt

tumbskmthmtd mhdkb gkmhfkh zohf amktmk tme m, mtbumezo pm, sdphm jmwihmtd mb, tumbpbmthm,

fumizmwbhm, idb imwbgkhhmtd mhdkb gkmhfkh zohf, mwapbo kh, idk skeio ikmhf m, m uituhf hma

bkio-kh, mskmh dkb`mh tmwb ekzuk m, iuhf`ma m eo tbdk ebkhebkmh pm ebmt mbk bk. M Or khmtkoh

tmwb m hfmb, ropbdtkg Zoid, Wbdpbdr`khf mh` Wmhgtkcykhf Zoid id Fovdrhkhf Zoid td

pdh, mbuh, mauh maumi, aktd oazkm tmwb ekzuk m, mzmhf tbdk ambamb ebmt mbk bk. M mskmh

hmsdphmtd mb, kimtd jmhf m, m ohftume gkmhfm ebutski zkmuzkmu hma bkio-kh, m tbuzuktd‛ ebd

ekhkmaebkmthm idb kthm tmwb msmwpsme pm, Amemkpk ekgkmh ambamb ebmt zohf mbk bk. mskmh

kh m mwhsm puapdhf eumktmh hfdkio m, m ebubsume sm adkvme suakt hfdkio bk (Ks. 0:<7,

HKS) gkb mskmh‛ emaami juiidt kh, m mskmh hmsdphmtd dk \oak ebmhftbme mskmh hmsdatd

m khf idb mskmh tbuzuk ebdapdubtd m khfkh zohf adkvme ebmhffuk ekzoa kh eumhfsme dh

khf, am pmtsm amtut zmwbhmtd \osumh tmtd ebdapdub m khf adkeumhf jmhfkh m ebmhfebmhf

kh ekimwbsume toto kh, aumituhf moa ebum jmhfkh mamm hmsdphmtd‛ dktd aubtbdkb, dttdbtbdkb,

zukbtbdkb khfkh, foufki jmhfkh bohf huskmt ebkhzo tm bk.




Puk tuhfmb imapmk pm tuhftmwhkh tbm m hfmb Wkm Waktb(gc. =0<:2<77)

Wkm Waktb pdh, aktd m amemkb am m, mamb idb mamb m ekamemkb pm, aktd m ueam kh,

mamb idb mamb m ek uezo, amemk ekgkmh ambamb ebmt mbk bk. mui kh Pkaotby m tbu bkibhm,

’^mskmh kh imuhm iuhfska bohf pkmio m, kthm, vmhfikmthm idb ek-ue zmwbhm iuhfska bohf fumh

bk‑, mgkb pdh m juiidt ambamb ebmt mbk bk (KKPka. =<6). Imuhm, iuhfebmahm idb pmtmubhm mhdkb gkmhfkh ebmaumhhm khf emaamitd Imk Wkmhftbo suhfmb mau skmapm zohf mbk bk.

Hmupmhfho @mvk` kh m foi ambamb Foimkt pdh, imu ekiediio bk (K Wa. =6<0>-4>). Pum kh

jmhfbkma gkbidb, mamh‛ Popm aumhf ambamb bk. Foikmt smhfkh mskmh ikmhzmw bk., gkb tbdk

bk. mskmh kh m oapkb ima tbdk bk. Pum amb jmhfkh, Wkm Waktb kh @mvk` dttdb skma m, mskmh

pmhpkbhm tmwb imuhm tuhfmb fumizo pm mbk bku. Imuhm bmhfkh ak pmwiebmt kh m sdp khftd

ebmwismh kh, puapdib tbdk bk. Pum mbkb amhkh hfmb khf m ekimwa tbupbmtd imuhm kh fuesme

tbdk bk. mbkbmhfkh, Wkm Waktb kh, mskmh kh imuhmtd pmh kh bohf bub kh, fumizmwbhm bohf pkm

tbdk pm bk gk m, Popm aktsumh fkfd pm, tuphm idb hfkahmtd m ebmbsumb hfdkio, amemk bokbambamb ebmt mbk bk. Pum jmh mb, Wkmpkpm pdh, huhtmehm tuhfmb dtdr jmhfkh mpmk imktme kh

imuhm tuhfmb m fumizo pm5 fumizmwbhm aumisumhf m pbut pm mbk bk. Iuhf`mahm tbu jugkhf

tmwb mhuhftm Wkmpkpm, m ebmh euaebum smwt tmbdh, gkb tbupbm pume/pkm emwaemwa idb

tbuhfdtsme emwaemwa kh, bkzmb tmwb em bkmijmwi bk.




CMAKI[ MZP KGIDW










CMKPB, BO^D, IOSD MH@ IDFMG[

Pbdrd mrd tohs oc bopds kh ad wbkgb K edpt cor

aysdic mh` K sbmrd` wktb pdopid K iovd tbd aost. Bopd ks

mh dxpdgtmtkoh, m wksb, mh` mh optkaksa wbkgb jrkhfs

you ikfbt kh tbd `mredst bours. Wkhgd K wms youhf, K ma

gohvkhgd` tbmt K ma iovd`. Iovd ks ohd oc tbosd sdhtk-

adhts wbkgb am`d tbkhfs dmsy mh` ydt tbd jmsks oc pdmgd

kh to`my's wori`.

@urkhf ay ikcd iohf dxpdrkdhgd wktb ay cmtbdr,

bd ks m foo` amh, gmrkhf, pmtkdht, mh` wksd. Jut mii oc

tbosd ods hot admh bd hdvdr am`d m akstmed or miwmys

mjid to ovdrgoad sbortcmiis. Bd am`d akstmeds5 tbdrd

mrd sbortcmiis5 mh` cmgd` bmr`sbkps mii tbroufb bks ikcd.

Vbmt K idmrhd` croa bka ks 'ikcd ks m profrdss'. Wo, bd

stmh`s strohf mh` wore-bmr`.

How bd ks kh bks ak` skxtkds mh` stkii worekhf 4

`mys m wdde. Bd wores cor tbd pdopid wbo hdd` bks

bdip. Bd wores cor m jdttdr gbmhfd wbdrd tbd sogkdty

hdd`s bka.

Po`my, K tbkhe oc aysdic mh` gouhtkhf ay jidss-

khfs. Pbd cmktb oc ay cmtbdr wbkgb ks rootd` kh Fo` tdh-

`drs bopd mh` iovd to ad. Ay cmtbdr's cmktb, bopd, iovd

wkii jd tbd idfmgy wbkgb K wkii pmss oh to tbd fdhdrmtkohs

to goad.

Amrtkh Suhfb Ebmh Pumhf

(Mpu, Pbmrhfd)




M ZKFBPCTI CMPBDZ

Kt sddas to jd m fdhdrmi mssuaptkoh kc wd rdfmr` dvdry amh wbo bms m gbki` ms cmtbdr. Kh

cmgt, kt woui` jd aord admhkhfcui to rdfmr` m amh ms m cmtbdr ohiy to tbosd wbo mrkhf

mh` gmrkhf to jd m cmtbdr.

Ay cmtbdr wboa K'vd ehowh cor ikcd ks

• m rdspohskvd pdrsoh wbo gmrds to idm` m cmakiy

• m cmktbcui busjmh` wbo ks dvotd` to bks wkcd

• mh dxmapid oc m cmtbdr cor bks gbki rdh, hkdgds, hdpbdws mh` frmh` gbki`

• m ikcd oc fuk`mhgd cor crkdh`s, cmakikds mh` rdimtkvds

• m rdspohskvd idm`dr mh` prmgtktkohdr oc dguadhkgmi aovdadht

• mh mgtkvd supportdr wbo gmrds to sdrvd kh vmrkous roids cor gburgb goaauhkty• m gmrkhf hdkfbjor wbo ks mttdhtkvd to dhvkrohadht

• m akh`cui pdrsoh cor m jmimhgkhf ikcd cor bkasdic

K ma frmtdcuiiy tbmhekhf Fo` cor frmhtkhf ad mh opportuhkty to bmvd m cmtbdr wbo miwmys

ks tbdrd cor ad fuk`khf ad mii ay ikcd tofdtbdr wktb ay aua ms m ikvkhf prooc to màkrd

wbmt m trutb coiiowdr, Fo` cdmrkhf mh` iovd sbmrkhf pdrsoh ks.

Ohd oc tbd " ho gbokgds" cmgts tbmt wd pdopid bmvd to màkt ks ho gbmhgd oc gbooskhf

to jd m gbki` oc gdrtmkh pmrdhts. Mh` miso kt kh dd` ks m fdhdrmi mssuaptkoh to bohor m amh

ms m cmtbdr tmekhf kh mggouht oc bmvkhf m gbki`. Ohiy tbosd wbo mrd mrkhf mh` gmrkhf to jd

m cmtbdr sboui` jd rdfmr`d` ms ohd.

Màkst mii tbosd "ho gbokgd" buamh ikcd, wktb m bdmrtcdit bmppkhdss cor jdkhf ay

cmtbdr's mufbtdr, cor jdkhf m mufbtdr oc m rkfbtcui cmtbdr mh` cor jdkhf mggdptd` mh`

jroufbt up ms m mufbtdr oc ay cmtbdr, K ma dmrhdstiy prmykhf tbmt Amy Fo` gohtkhuousiy

jidss ay cmtbdr wktb mii tbd jidsskhfs tbmt ho buamh bms mutborkty ovdr ....

Jdiovd` youhfdr `mufbtdr,

Hmu Hmu N Dikzmjdtb Pbmwhf

(0tb Hovdajdr :>=:)



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:3>

zgkclzpcxèucoiwpcO@5zgkclzpcxèucoiwpcO@5zgkclzpcxèucoiwpcO@5zgkclzpcxèucoiwpcO@5zgkclzpcxèucoiwpcO@5

umv5&W oi trsE5oa5w ekc5u` e zgkcUe owcrWwcv]kc m,je,s qdcvFdc5&a usoF a5D ekcohc/zgkclzpcxe ucoirsa5DWkc b zgkc lzpc>kc boirsa5oav]kc zgkctlzpc owcrWwc&dc gBokb cyfohc/

uZdcromoa uZdcrYzgkcohc -• roa5petwFuc O@5p@5wpcO@5tlzpc wa>dc,ioi lzpcohc/• \d@5ohctwFuc gkcyFdc5ohcwpcO@5tlzpc op a&W oilzpcohc/• oa5? or@5? wi? wir? mlr5rsa5twFuc zgkcy@ooi wpcO@5tlzpc touc&Wkcoilzpcohc/• mqFrsE5 rwco*CUrsa5twFuc vrc5ly wpcO@5tlzpc mdx` ekcoilzpcohc/• jaoaoaodatwFuc mgfkc5mqakc wpcO@5tlzpc mgfkc5gB>B boi lzpcohc/• tokc5mwactwFuc pFrc5&auNrW lzhc bqhc5oi wpcO@5tlzpc yf>kc vKyc&W a5oi lzpcohc/• ywc>dc5uskc&W oirsa5twFuc trcd@5da5gskc5muakc5 wpcO@5tlzpc owwcoi lzpcohc/• rru` e,cw` ekctwFuc j>u` e r]wrWdcudcpF a &Wkcodcoi wpcO@5tlzpc xdc5orc5&ycwhcoi

lzpcohc/

uZdcrYj>wpcmv]aucvB e5wFkc uZdcrY rgkcDWkc b tpOc ,WOcwL Fvsuc mrw alzkc b tHrLohc5gBwwcHy@5 or® aw&a5 tmlggBoFdcokc qB e5rua je&a5u e rsucmrW auclyE touc&Wkc lymvb&W moauZdcrYzgkcu` e uZdcrY zgkctlzpc JuBEqB e orWwc&lgkc5twFuc ogkcje&a5 xBmwacwFkc tpOcmus5\i5mwac gs@5rFrc5&yfohc/

viwpcO@5Yj>wFkc m&F5gs,cgFkc b r&W lgkc5rsa5xLwFkc rhcohc b rgkc? zgkcY oa5or@5tlzpcmrF5zF a5va&rhcUimoa tgsucvhc5 wpcgsuc tyft>kclzpcohc/ umv5&W oi trsE5oa5w` ekc5u` ezgkcUe owcrWwcv]kc m,je,s qdcvFdc5&a usoF a5D` ekcyfohc/ zgkclzpcxe ucoirsa5DWkc b zgkclzpc>B boirsa5oav]kc zgkctlzpc owcrWwc&dc gBokc byfohc/

m&F5gs,cgFkc b r&W lgkc5Aua5xLrW uZdcr zgkcY or@5lzpc&lgkc5? zgkc lzpcx` eucoi wpcO@5Yor@5lzpc&lgkc5DWkc b or@5 wpcO@5tlzpc vucokc bgB mpakc bm&W aucrKgB&lgkc5rsa5twFuc vK ucvW LpF a musdyc>rc5mlrauc&kc5 uZdcrY zgkcu` e je&a5ogkc qucvuc vioa5tgskc5gskc5 my5D` ekcpFrc5r&W moa?my5y ekcgFkc b r&W moa muakc5gs@5r*Cvarsa5u e 9u,c>pF a lzhc bqhc5my5yfrhc b tmAuakc5 qemwakc5my5vsuc

or@5k,cmdakc5mdakc(:>=:geDWpc? D` e>kcjav? 0&uc )




Pbd AmhK ehow ...

Bd ks m juki`dr wbo juki`s hot ohiy m bousd jut m Boad Wwddt Boad.

Bd ks m adhtor wbosd gouhsdi K gmh trust mh` fuk`ds ad wktb bks prmydr.

Bd ks m bdmidr wbo dmsds ay pmkh wktb bks stdm`cmst iovd.

Bd ks m idm`dr wbo miwmys coiiows bks Amstdr's stdp to jd m sdrvmht oc mii.

Bd ks m pdmgd-amedr wbo stops tbd ckfbt mh` stmrts tbd buf.

Bd ks m tdmgbdr wbo sbows ad tbd wmy mh` boi`s ay bmh`s tbroufb dvdry stdp.

Bd ks m cmtbdr wbo iovds bks cmakiy ms tbd Bdmvdhiy Cmtbdr ods.

Bd ks tbd ohiy Bdro K ehow ... mh` ...

Mh` kt's you, "Ay Jdiovd` @m`"

Jy

Dstbdr Hdda Wumh Amhf

2tb Mprki :>=7, Aoh`my



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:3:

tmzbvètmzbvètmzbvètmzbvètmzbvè

tmzbtmAuakc5u` e wpcgege m&5my5yf mlyamwab gsucgskc5 jam&5&rvLq` ewau` e mgfkc5xLupOc5pa5v` e [ r&gL bji5/ m&5p&ar&W wa rUewcjL m&5p&a rsa5vFdc5 mdv` e [yf/ pOc5pa5v` eucwL btxLrW am&5gskcrwamv5umwab

tmrmlyagL bzi5wamv5yfuZdcmwacw` e [ mrakcDWrmwF k,ck,cwB e5uyf tmz D` ekckB&yclga5umd lydcvamwab mrakc

DWrmwF mysacAuwamyfb redc [mwF t>wctpa5mwF upa5p&amwFtL hvhc5 m&aucm&a tDe(tmrb )u` e mr5w,cwL b t> (tmz) j,cmwab trclydcrW a

vLmyfb mlz& mwacmwac gucgLr,cv` e [mwab gBpa5rve ucyfw,c/Uewcyfw,c uZdcmwac u` e,cw` ekcvhc5 rAuagkcrW a tmzbv` eyL mlz&gucwL b mr5gFdc5mwFu` e

mlz&mwabr,cmv/ mwF5&kc5 pOc5pa5&kc5 tmzvhc5 uZdcmwac gBpa5md&ov` eyL >rc5oarK? p` e5&rcrK?

rgskc br&L ta5r& lzpcrKmwFu` evhc5 gBpa5gL b&rW ayfyL/\d@5ohc&L T >rc5xLrW a &W mdwL b &kcmoF5mv5&L T mlyakc5vLrKmv5mwFu` e gBpa5 o&W &w` ekc5 tmzbu` e

rsucvB e5xLrW a? tmwF5xLrW a lrkcm,akc mdryfw,c/

tmzb&L Tgspcgkc,e,rKtdpcdagBrK

mpakc bm&W aucrKmy5qycrKoFdcokcvrc5lyrK

'fmwF ta5vB e5Ua uZdcmwacw` e [ oa5or@5mwF ta5vB e5twFucmwab rWwco gBpa5mdrW ayLlzpcw,c q` ewa mogsayfw,c/

tmzbv` e tmzmuakc5 wpcm,auc lzpcmtakc uZdcmwac JuE5pa5mdyfw,c/ tmzbu` eje&a5ogkc tpOctHrL muakc5Ju@5my5 vrc5lyyfmpv` e [ qemwakc5my5mdvsuc

gspcoa5Ju@5mram&W(&Wdcuskcmxakc5)








ZDS@ WAKPB'W WDIDGPD@

MZPKGIDW MH@ ADWWMFDW







GBZKWP'W GOHPKHTD@ ZDSOITPKOH<

PBD GMII PO @KWGKÎDWBK^

(Jkjid Wtu`y, Amh`mimy TGC, Jmw`kfohd Gbmpdi, Amh`mimy, Cdjrumry :6, =;6:)

"Pbdh Ldsus smk` to bks ksgkpids. Kc mhyohd woui` goad mctdr ad, s/bd aust

`dhy bdr/bkasdic mh` tmed up bdr/bks gross mh` coiiow ad ..." (Att. =3<:05 Ae. 2<705

Ie. ;<:7, HKS).Pbd gmii to ksgkpidsbkp ks m frdmtdst gbmiidhfd cor Gbrkstkmh ikcd. Po jd m trud amh/

woamh ks to jd m trud ksgkpid oc Ldsus Gbrkst. Mggor`khf to tbd tbrdd syhoptkg tdxts

mjovd, tbdrd mrd tbrdd jmskg goh`ktkoh to jdgoad m ksgkpid oc Ldsus Gbrkst, k.d., (m) to

`dhy ohdsdic, (j) to jdmr ohd's owh gross, mh` (g) to coiiow mctdr Ldsus Gbrkst. Idt us

gohsk`dr tbda jrkdciy.

M. Po `dhy ohdsdic (Wdic-`dhkmi)<

Iued ;<46-3: daohstrmtd` tbrdd khtdr-rdimtd` mspdgts oc sdic-`dhkmi. Kt wms

m story oc ksgkpidsbkp<

(m) Po dhy dmrtbiy wdmitb, possdsskohs, powdr, popuimrkty, dtg. Dmrtbiy trdmsurds mrd hot

khgdhtkvds cor tbosd wbo wkii jdgoad ksgkpids oc Ldsus Gbrkst. Vd dmt to ikvd jut wd

ò hot ikvd to dmt. Ldsus `k` hot gmii bks ksgkpids to jdgoad rkgb mh` prospdrous. Bd

gmiid` pdopid to dhy iusts, idksurd mh` iuxurkds. Gc. Ie. ;<46&425 Att. =;<=3-:05

Ae. =><=6- 7>5 Att. 3<:4-77.

(j) Po dhy buamh gustoas, trm`ktkohs & guitkg prmgtkgds, dtg. Kh Iued ;<4;-3>, Ldsus`dhkd` tbd amh cor bks cmtbdr's jurkmi. Ldsus damh`d` tbd amh to dhy mh` tbrow

mwmy bks iohf-bdi` gustoa to pmy rdspdgt to tbd ksdmsd` cmtbdr mt tbd cuhdrmi wktb tbd

jdikdc tbmt bd woui jd jidssd` or disd bks ikcd woui jd aksdrmjid wktbout bks cmtbdr's

jidsskhfs. Mhy buamh gustoas, trm`ktkohs or guiturds uhckt cor tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo`

aust jd dhkd` ms ksgkpids oc Ldsus. Gc. :Gor. 4<=65 Fmi. 4<=3-:05 Att. 4<=7-=35

Zoa. =:<=&:5 Dpb. 4<=&:

(g) Po dhy buamh iovd, mttmgbadht, mccdgtkoh, dtg. Ldsus goaamh`d` bks ksgkpids to

fkvd bka top prkorkty mh` ckrst kh dvdrytbkhf. Bd goaamh`d` us to iovd bka aord tbmhmhyohd disd, jd our pmrdht or gbki`rdh, busjmh` or wkcd, skstdr or jrotbdr. Bd goa-

amh`d` us to iovd bka wktb our bdmrt, our akh`, our soui mh` our strdhftb. Gc. Ae.

=:<7>5 Att. =><76-7;, ::<76.




J. Po jdmr ohd's owh gross (Gross-jdmrkhf)

Gbrkstkmhkty ks m rdikfkoh oc tbd gross. Pbd gross ks tbd aost procouh` skfh

mh` syajoi oc Gbrkstkmh ikcd croa jkrtb tbroufb dmtb. Ldsus bm` tmedh up tbd gross, bd

jord gross, bd wms grugkckd` mh` kd` oh tbd gross oc Gmivmry-tbd aost sbmadcui, rdm`-

cui, wodcui mh` sgmh`mious gross. Bd wms jurkd` kh m jorrowd` frmvd. Jut bd wms rdsur-rdgtd`. Bd idct tbd toaj mh` tbd gross dapty. Bd ovdrgoad dmtb. Bd jdgmad tbd Skgtor

croa vkgtka.

How tbd gross bms two sk`ds5 k.d. tbd hdfmtkvd (-) mh` posktkvd (+), jotb jdcord

mh` jdyoh`, tbd gross (jdcord) Gmivmry mh` tbd gross (jdyoh`) Gmivmry. Pbdgross (jd-

cord) Gmivmry syajoikzds skh, bostkikty, puhksbadht, pdrsdgutkoh, suc cdrkhf, rdldgtkoh, sor-

row, ioss, dmtb, tbd dh` oc mii, dtg. Pbd gross (jdyoh`) Gmivmry ks tbd syajoi oc corfkvhdss,

rdgohgkikmtkoh, rdstormtkoh, lustkckgmtkoh, pdmgd, loy, adrgy, iovd, vkgtory, ikcd, mssumrmhgd,

bopd, dtg. Pbd gross bms two sk`ds jut kt ks ohd mh` tbd smad gross wbkgb tbd Ior` Ldsusgoaamh`d` us to tmed up mh` jdmr dvdry`my. M ksgkpid ks m gross-jdmrdr.

G. Po coiiow mctdr Ldsus Gbrkst (Coiiowkhf Gbrkst)

Gbrkstkmhs mrd supposd` (gmiid`) to jd Gbrkst-iked pdopid ms Gbrkst-kmhs, Gbrkst's

coiiowdrs wbo jdikdvd mh` trust kh Bka, wbo tmie, wmie mh` wore wktb Bka, wbo ikvd wktb

Bka mh` cor Bka. Pbd wmy oc Ldsus ks tbd wmy oc tbd gross, tbd hmrrow wmy. (Att.

6<=7&=0). Ldsus smk` kh Lobh =4<4, " K ma tbd vkhd, mh` you mrd tbd jrmhgbds. Vbodvdr

rdamkhs (mjk`ds) kh ad, K kh bka/bdr, wkii jdmr augb crukt, cor you gmh o hotbkhf wktbout

ad..." Kh Lobh 2<7= Ldsus smk`, "Kc you ojdy ay tdmgbkhf, youmrd rdmiiy ay ksgkpids5 ..."Amy wd miwmys gohcdss tofdtbdr wktb Wkaoh dtdr, "Ior`, to wboa sbmii wd fo? [ou

bmvd tbd wor`s oc dtdrhmi ikcd. Vd jdikdvd mh` ehow tbmt [ou mrd tbd Boiy Ohd oc Fo`."

(Lobh 3<32-3;). Mpostid mui dxbortd` Gbrkstkmhs to frow kh Gbrkst to jdgoad amturd,

mttmkhkhf to tbd wboid admsurd oc tbd cuiihdss oc Gbrkst (Dpb. 0<==-=7, HKS).

Pbd wmy oc Ldsus ks tbd wmy oc tbd gross. Kt ks hot tbd jrom`-wmy jut tbd hmrrow-

wmy, hot tbd dmsy-wmy jut bmr`-wmy, hot tbd rosy-wmy jut tbd tborhywmy, hot tbd strmkfbt-

wmy jut tbd grooed`-wmy, hot tbd jdhdckgkmi wmy jut tbd jdhdvoidht wmy, hot tbd ks-

grkakhmtory wmy jut tbd kmiofud wmy, hot tbd gohcrohtmtkoh wmy jut tbd gohvdrsmtkohwmy, hot tbd bmufbty wmy jut tbd buajid wmy, hot tbd smcdty wmy jut tbd smgrkckgkmi wmy,

hot tbd ior`khf wmy jut tbd iovkhf wmy, hot tbd mii-sugdss-wmy jut tbd mii-bohdst-wmy, hot

tbd rdtmikmtkoh wmy jut tbd rdgohgkikmtkoh wmy, hot bd procktmjid wmy jut tbd propktkmtkoh

wmy, hot tbd vkgtorkous wmy jut tbd vkgmrkous wmy, hot tbd Bosmhhm & Bmiidiulmb wmy

jut tbd pdrsdgutkoh mh` grugkckxkoh wmy, jut mt tbd ckhmi dh` oc tbd wmy oc tbd gross ks tbd

Growh oc Ikcd dtdrhmi.

Ldsus smk`, "Kh tbd wori` you wkii bmvd trkjuimtkoh5 jut jd oc foo` gbddr, K

bmvd ovdrgoad tbd wori`." (Lobh =3<77j).




M DZWOHMI PDWPKAOH[

(M tdstkaohy fkvdh mt tbd Wdakhmr oh " Ao`dis

cor Akhkstry maohf tbd oor",tbd Dguadhkgmi Khstktutd

Jossdy, Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, hdmr Fdhdvm, Wwkt-zdrimh` oh 7=-6-=;20)

K jdikdvd tbmt ikcd ks m fkct oc Fo` mh` ms sugb tbd

rkfbt to ikvd ks Fo`-fkvdh rkfbt to dvdry buamh jdkhf.

Dvdryjo`y wmhts to ikvd. Dvdryjo`y wmhts to dhloy ikcd.

Dvdryjo`y wmhts to bmvd ikcd kh kts cuiihdss.

Iooekhf mt tbd ikcd oc Ldsus Gbrkst, ms cor ad, to

ikvd admhs to iovd, mh` to iovd admhs to sdrvd. Wo, to

ikvd ks to iovd mh` to sdrvd.Kc mt mii K bmvd m ekh` oc aovkhf dxpdrkdhgd mt

tbks Wdakhmr, kt aust jd m rdhdwmi mh` rd-mcckramtkoh oc

ay gohvdrskoh to tbd pdopid, pmrtkguimriy tbd poor mh`

opprdssd , mh ay goaaktadht to tbda wboa Fo iovds

mh` fkvds Bks ohiy Woh to kd cor tbda.

K bmvd dtdrakhd` aysdic to ikvd mh` to kd cor

tbd poor pdopid. K ehow ay tkads mrd kh Fo`'s bmh`. K

trust kh Fo cor Bks kvkhd provk dhgd tbmt K amy jd cmktbcui

to tbd dh`.

Ay prmydr<

Ior`, bdip ad mh` fkvd ad tbd hdgdssmry

strdhftb mh` gourmfd to jd mjid to cuickii ay

goaaktadht cor tbd gmusd oc tbd poor mh`

opprdssd` kh mhy wmy mh` dvdry wmy K gmh.

Idt ad cddi your prdsdhgd wktb ad kh mii ay

struffids wktb tbda mh` cor tbda, kh tbd hmad

oc Ldsus wbo fkvds bks ikcd cor tbd poor. Madh.




WDDE CKZWP PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ ....

(Gbmrfd to tbd frmùmtds mt Goaadhgdadht Dxdrgksds oc \oak Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd

Cmima, Gbkh Wtmtd, mh` Pmbmh Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd, Pmbmh-Emimyayo, Amrgb =;;7)

Fiory jd to Fo` tbd Cmtbdr, tbd Woh mh` tbd Boiy Wpkrkt!

@dmr crkdh`s, to`my ks m `my oc loy mh` gdidjrmtkohs. Vd rdlokgd kh tbd Ior`

cor Bks jouhtkcui jidsskhfs to mii oc us dspdgkmiiy to tbd frmùmtds to`my cor idm`khfyou tbroufb amhy vmrkous kcckguitkds mh` bmr`sbkps urkhf your mys oc stu`y bdrd

cor m pdrko` oc ovdr cour ydmrs. [ds, sdakhmrkds mh` tbdoiofkgmi khstktutkohs mrd hot

pimgds cor pidmsurd, idksurd mh` iuxury. Jut tbdy mrd pimgds oc idmrhkhf aost vktmi idssohs kh

ikcd.

Vd gdidjrmtd tofdtbdr to`my cor tbd suggdsscui mgbkdvdadht dmgb oc you bmvd

am`d. Cour ydmrs mfo you stmrtd` jut to`my you bmvd suggdd`d`, you bmvd mggoa-

piksbd` kt mh` you fdt your dfrdd mh` kpioam. [ou bmvd m tmki jdbkh` your hmad. Jut idt

ad rdakh` you kaad`kmtdiy tbmt your suggdss to`my ks ohiy lust tbd jdfkhhkhf oc your

aksskohmry lourhdy mh` tbd prdiu`d to your akhkstdrkmi ikcd wbkgb ks ydt m prdpmrmtkoh cor

your ikcd-iohf sdrvkgd oc tbd Ior`.

[ou ehow jdst wby you dgk`d` to goad mh` lokh tbd Pbdoiofkgmi Goiidfd. K

jdikdvd kt ks hot you wbo rdmiiy gboosd jut kt ks tbd Ior` wbo bms gbosdh you mh` sdht you

bdrd to stu`y tbd Vor` oc Fo` mh` idmrh tbd idssohs. [ou bmvd ckhksbd` your stu`y

profrmaad bdrd jut you aust hot stop to stu`y mh` idmrh, khstdm` you aust gohtkhud your

idmrhkhf progdss amekhf tbd jdst usd oc mii mvmkimjid rdsourgds mt your ksposmi. Idt ad

suffdst you tbd coiiowkhf cour amkh rdsourgds<

Ohd, PBD JKJID - tbd Vor` oc Fo` ks tbd prkamry sourgd mh` you hdd` to rdm`

mh` stu`y my mctdr my, tofdtbdr wktb foo` tbdoiofkgmi mh` otbdr Gbrkstkmh iktdrmturds.

Pwo, PBD GBTZGB - tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst mh` tbd goaauhkty oc jdikdvdrs ks tbd

jmskg frouh` kh wbkgb you bmvd your root cor Gbrkstkmh ikcd mh` hurturd. [ou hdd` to

gohtkhud to idmrh mh` frow kh your fkvdh iogmi goaauhkty oc cmktb.

Pbrdd, PBD VOZI@ MZOTH@ [OT - tbd bkstorkgmi gohtdxt kh wbkgb you ikvd

mh` aovd mh` bmvd your jdkhf ks tbd pimgd wbdrd you gmh jdst cddi mh` dxpdrkdhgd tbd

prdsdhgd oc Fo`. [ou wkii miwmys hdd` to idmrh mh` ksgdrh tbd wkii, purposd mh` mgtkohs

oc Fo` kh mkiy dvdhts bmppdhkhf mrouh` you wbdrd you ikvd.

Cour, PBD BOI[ W^KZKP-tbd goacortdr ms tbd sourgd oc khspkrmtkoh, vkskoh,

powdr mh` bopd. [ou wkii miwmys hdd` tbd gohtkhuous gouhsdi mh` fuk mhgd oc tbd Boiy

Wpkrkt ms you ikvd mh` sdrvd tbd Ior` kh tbks troujid` wori`.




@dmr skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs, you wkii how fo khto tbd wori` to sdrvd tbd Ior`

tbroufb tbd Gburgb. Ms rdspohskjid Gburgb woredrs you mrd goaamh`d` jy tbd Ior`

Ldsus Gbrkst PO WDDE CKZWP PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ MH@ BKW ZKFBPDOTW-

HDWW UAtt 3<77Q. [ou amy sdde amhy sdvdrmi tbkhfs kh your ikcd. Wdde mh` you sbmii ckh ,

ehoge mh` tbd oor wkii jd opdhd`. Hotbkhf ks wrohf khktkmiiy to sdde mhytbkhf you iked jut tbd pokht bdrd ks tbmt [OT ATWP WDDE CKZWP PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ mh` mii

otbdrs ohiy ms sdgoh`mry. Kh otbdr wor`s, you aust fkvd Fo` ckrst pimgd mh` top prkorkty

kh your ikcd mh` akhkstry. Our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst goaamh`d` you to iovd Fo` wktb mii your

bdmrt, wktb mii your soui, wktb mii your akh` mh` wktb mii your strdhftb UAe =:<7>Q. [ou

aust iovd Fo` mh` put Bka oh top oc dvdrytbkhf. Fo` miwmys ckrst, otbdrs sdgoh`, mh`

yoursdic imst ks tbd propdr tbdoiofkgmi or`dr oc Gbrkstkmh ikcd.

How, ms you goaakt yoursdic to sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo`, kt ks dssdhtkmi tbmt

you ehow wbmt you rdmiiy admh. Idt ad suffdst Ckvd amkh khtdrprdtmtkohs ms coiiows<

=. PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ - PBD EKHF@OA OC IOSD

Fo` ks iovd mh` bd wbo mjk`ds kh iovd mjk`ds kh Fo` mh` Fo` mjk`ds kh bka UK

Lobh 0<=3Q. [ds, tbd frdmtdst hdd` oc our wori` ks iovd. Kt ks hot hdw tdgbhoiofy or hdw

wdmpohs wd hdd` aost jut kt ks m hdw bdmrt fumr`d` mh` fuk`d` jy iovd, fdhukhd sdic-

fkvkhf iovd. Our wori` ks cuii oc bmtrd`, dhakty, prdlu`kgd, bostkikty mh` miked. Mii tbdsd mrd

tbd amhkcdstmtkohs oc tbd mjsdhgd oc iovd. Po sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` admhs to

sdde iovd, to prmgtksd iovd mh` to ikvd kh iovd. Kh tbd Wdraoh oh tbd Aouht, our Ior`

Ldsus goaamh`d` us to iovd our dhdakds mh` to prmy cor tbosd wbo pdrsdgutd us UAtt.4<00Q. @dmr skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs, you mrd gmiid` to tbd akhkstry oc iovd. Pbd mpostids Wt.

^mui smk`, "Owd ho ohd mhytbkhf, dxgdpt to iovd ohd mhotbdr5 ...." UZoa. =7<2Q. Pbd ckrst

tbkhf mh` tbd imst tbkhf you sboui` o kh your akhkstry ks to iovd mh` to iovd.

:. PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ - PBD EKHF@OA OC CZDD@OA

Pbd wori` wd ikvd ks uh`dr tbd powdr oc skh gbmrmgtdrkzd` jy opprdsskoh, rdprds-

skoh, supprdsskoh mh` joh`mfd. Our ikvds mrd kgtmtd` jy tbd powdr oc tbd khvkskjid bmh`s.

Vd mrd uh`dr prdssurd wktb cdmr. Our Ior` Ldsus tmufbt us, "[ou sbmii ehow tbd trutb mh` tbd trutb sbmii amed you crdd" ULobh 2<7:Q. Po sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` admhs to

sdde tbd trutb tbmt sdt pdopid crdd. Jut crddòa ks hot crdd, kt ks hot gbdmp. Crddòa ks

gostiy mh` dxpdhskvd, kt hdd`s m bkfb prkgd to jd pmk`. Fo` bms fkvdh Bks ohiy jdfottdh

Woh to sdt us crdd croa tbd joh`mfd oc skh. [ou aust jd wkiikhf mh` rdm`y to pmy tbd prkgd

oc crddòa mt wbmtdvdr gost, rdadajdrkhf tbmt tbd jioo` oc tbd amrtyrs ks tbd sdd` oc tbd

Gburgb.

7. PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ - PBD EKHF@OA OC LTWPKGD

Vd mrd aord tbmh cmakikmr wktb tbd hotkoh, "Akfbt ks rkfbt." Mh` octdh tkads wd

mrd goapdiid` to ovdriooe mh` kfhord wbmt ks rkfbt, wbmt ks foo`, wbmt ks trud mh` wbmt

ks lust cor tbd smed oc our owh survkvmi. Cmvourktksa, hdpotksa, gorruptkoh mh` mii sorts oc

ami-prmgtksds bmvd ioh jddh tbd or`dr oc tbd my. Ms Gbrkstkmhs, you mrd gmiid` to jd tbd




ikfbt oc tbd wori`, tbd smit oc tbd dmrtb. Po sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` admhs to sdde

lustkgd kh spktd oc mii khdvktmjid mhfdrous gohsdqudhgds. Pbd propbdts oc oi` mh` tbd tbd

propbdts oc our tkads sugb ms @kdtrkgb Johbodccdr mh` Amrtkh Iutbdr Ekhf, Lr. bmvd

smgrkckgd` tbdkr ikvds cor trutb mh` lustkgd. @urkhf Bktidr's Hmzk rdfkad kh Fdramhy,

Johbodccdr gbmapkohd` tbd cmktb oc tbd Gburgb mh` tbd lustkgd oc Fo`. @r. Amrtkh Iutbdr Ekhf, Lr. oc tbd TWM stoo` ckraiy ms m jrmvd m`vogmtd cor gkvki rkfbts mh` sogkmi lustkgd.

@dmr skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs, you mrd miso gmiid` to lokh kh tbks propbdtkg akhkstry to jrkhf

lustkgd kh tbd wori .

0. PBD EKHF@OA OC FO@ - PBD EKHF@OA OC THKP[

Pbd wori` ks kvk`d` mh` jroedh khto pkdgds. Pbd hmtkohs oc tbd wori` gmad

tofdtbdr mh` corad` tbd Thktd` Hmtkohs Orfmhkzmtkoh ms m pimtcora to grdmtd m wori`

goaauhkty ohd wori`, ohd buamhkty. Kt ks m frdmt mh` hojid khtdhtkoh kh`dd`. Pbd sdgrdt

purposd oc Fo` ms dxprdssd` jy Wt. mui kh Dp. =< ;,=> mh` Goio. =< =4-:> ks to uhktd mii

tbkhfs, tbkhfs kh bdmvdh mh` tbkhfs oh dmrtb kh Gbrkst mt tbd cuiihdss oc tkad. Fo` ks m

goaauhkty oc tbrdd pdrsohs - Cmtbdr, Woh mh` Boiy Wpkrkt. Fo`'s dskrd ks uhkty hot

`kvkskoh mh` ksgrkakhmtkoh. Po sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` admhs to sdde uhkty mh`

ohdhdss. [ou mrd gmiid` to amed uhkty mh` hot kvkskoh.

Pbdrdcord, to sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` admhs<

- to sdde iovd ovdr mfmkhst bmtrd` mh` dhakty.

- to sdde crddòa ovdr mfmkhst opprdsskoh, cdmr mh` joh`mfd

- to sdde lustkgd ovdr mfkmhst khlustkgd mh` khdqumikty- to sdde pdmgd ovdr mfmkhst wmr mh` bostkikty, mh`

- to sdde uhkty ovdr mfmkhst kvkskoh mh` ksgrkakhmtkoh.

@dmr skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs, idt ad urfd you how to jdmr kh akh` mh` eddp mt

bdmrt tbd coiiowkhf COTZ PBDOIOFKGMI ZKGKÎDW to fuk`d your mttktu`d mh`

pdrspdgtkvd ms you mrd prdpmrd` to gohsdgrmtd yoursdic to sdrvd tbd Ior` mh` sdde ckrst

tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo` wbkgb ks iovd, crddòa, lustkgd, pdmgd mh` uhkty.

PBD CKZWP ^ZKHGKÎD - BTAKIKP[

Zdadajdr tb dhtkrd dvdht oc Fo`'s KHGMZHMPKOH kh Ldsus - bks jkrtb kh m

amhfdr, bks skapid ikcd-styid jy jdkhf tbd crkdh` oc skhhdrs, tbd outgmsts, amrfkhmikzd`,

opprdssd` mh` poor, bks succdrkhf mh` dmtb oh tbd gross. Mitboufb bd ks tbd Ekhf oc

ekhfs mh` Ior` oc ior`s, Bd daptkd` Bkasdic mh` tooe tbd cora oc m succdrkhf sdr-

vmht - EDHOWKW. @dmr skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs, ms `ksgkpids oc tbd sdrvmht oc sdrvmhts,

you aust bmvd tbd akh` oc Gbrkst wbkgb ks buakikty, buajidhdss.

PBD WDGOH@ ZKHGKÎD - O^DHDWWLdsus ks tbd amh cor otbdrs, fkvkhf bkasdic out uhsdrvd`. Ikedwksd, you aust

try your jdst to amed yoursdic mvmkimjid to otbdrs. [our ikcd ks ho aord your owh jut you

jdiohf how to Fo`. [ou aust jd opdh to Fo` mh` otbdr pdopid.




PBD PBKZ@ ZKHGKÎD - WDZSKGD

Ldsus gmad khto tbd wori` hot to jd sdrvd` jut to sdrvd. [ou mrd hot gmiid` jy

Ldsus to jdgoad m Amstdr to otbdrs jut to jd m buajid sdrvmht oc otbdrs iked bkasdic. [ou

mrd gmiid` to sdrvd tbd Ior` mh` otbdrs wboa Fo` iovds.

PBD COTZPB ^ZKHGKÎD - CMKPBCTIHDWW

Fo` ks miwmys cmktbcui to you, Bd eddps Bks proaksds mh` Fo` damh`s cmktbcui-

hdss croa you too. Hot to mhy dmrtbiy mutborktkds or powdrs jut ohiy to Fo` mh` Fo`

miohd you aust fkvd your ckhmi mjsoiutd mh` uitkamtd ioymity, ojd`kdhgd mh` cmktbcuihdss,

[ou aust jd cmktbcui dvdh uhto dmtb. Iked Ldsus you aust idmrh to smy, "Hot ay wkii jut

your wkii, O Ior`, jd ohd."

Pbd prkhgkpids oc buakikty, opdhdss, sdrvkgd mh` cmktbcuihdss mrd mii tbd gbmr-

mgtdrs you gmh ckh` kh Ldsus Gbrkst. [ou bmvd to kaktmtd Ldsus Gbrkst ms your suprdad

k`dmi mh` Ao`di kh your ikcd mh` kh your akhkstry,

Kh gohgiuskoh, K woui` iked mii oc you to ad`ktmtd tofdtbdr oh tbd cmaous

^rmydr oc Wt. Crmhgks oc Mssksk<

Ior`, amed ad khstruadht oc Pby pdmgd,

wbdrd tbdrd ks bmtrd`, idt ad sow iovd5

wbdrd tbdrd ks khlury, pmròh,

wbdrd tbdrd ks òujt, cmktb,

wbdrd tbdrd ks `dspmkr, bopd,wbdrd tbdrd ks mrehdss, ikfbt< mh`

wbdrd tbdrd ks sm`hdss, loy.

O @kvkhd Amstdr, frmht tbmt K amy hot so augb sdde

to jd gohsoid` ms to gohsoid5

to jd uh`drstoo` ms to uh`drstmh`5

to jd iovd` ms to iovd5

cor kt ks kh fkvkhf tbmt wd rdgdkvd,

kt ks kh pmròhkhf tbmt wd mrd pmròhd`,mh` kt ks kh `ykhf tbmt wd mrd jorh to dtdrhmi ikcd.

Amy tbd foo` Ior` sbkhd Bks cmgd upoh you to fkvd you ikfbt mh` ikcd<

Amy tbd foo` Ior` strdtgb cortb Bks bmh`s upoh you

to fuk`d you mh` protdgt you,

how mh` miwmys.

MADH




PBD IKSKHF VOZ@ OC FO@

(Wdraoh prdmgbd` oh Jkjid Wuh`my, Mufust :=, =;;0,mt Kaamhudi Jmptkst Gburgb, [mhfoh)

Wgrkpturd tdxts< Bdj. 0<=:5 Amtt. :0<74

@dmr crkdh`s, K fkvd tbmhes to Fo` cor jrkhfkhf ad bdrd to`my. K ma tbmhecui to tbd

Jkjid Wogkdty oc Aymhamr cor msskfhkhf ad to spdme kh tbks gburgb wbkgb ks ohd oc tbd

aost uhkqud Jmptkst gburgbds kh Aymhamr. Aordovdr, K ma frmtdcui miso to tbd Ao`drm-

tor mh` Di`drs oc tbd gburgb cor wdigoakhf ad to tbd puipkt. K idmrhd` tbmt our jdiovd`

pmstor tbd Zdv. mui C. Lobhs ks msskfhd` to fo mh` prdmgb kh Pmuhffyk. K wksb bka Fo 's

jidsskhfs cor mii bks dikjdrmtkohs mh` m smcd mh` pidmsmht lourhdy jmge boad.

Ms wd mii ehow, to`my ks Jkjid Wuh`my. [ou mii ehow wbmt tbd Jkjid ks mh` wbmt

kt admhs to dmgb oc you. Bowdvdr, K woui` iked to sbmrd soad khcoramtkohs mjout tbd

Jkjid. Kt ks smk` tbmt tbd Jkjid ks tbd ckrst trmhsimtd`, tbd ckrst prkhtd` mh` tbd aost gkrguimtd`

jooe kh tbd wori`. Po`my, kt bms jddh trmhsimtd` khto aord tbmh :>>> imhfumfds oc tbd

wori` khgiu`khf ovdr :> imhfumfds oc tbd pdopid kh Aymhamr. Pbroufbout sdvdrmi gdhtu-

rkds oc buamh bkstory, tbd Jkjid bm` jddh gohcksgmtdà dstroyd`, jurhd` mh` jmhhd` kh

amhy pimgds mii ovdr tbd wori`. Jut tbd Jkjid survkvd`, outikvd` mh` rdamkhd` tbd jdst

sdiidr, aost wk`diy pujiksbd` mh` kstrkjutd` jooe kh tbd wori`.

Pbd Jkjid ks kh`dd` tbd aost prdgkous jooe cor buamhekh` jdgmusd kt ks tbd

jooe oc cmktb, trutb, crddòa, lustkgd, pdmgd, uhkty, iovd, bopd mh` ikcd. Pbdrdcord,

wd usd` to eddp tbd Jkjid wktb us so ms to eddp us kh smcty croa troujid. Cor dvdry

Gbrkstkmh tbd Jkjid bms jddh tbd jdst crkdh`, goapmhkoh mh` fuk`d kh ikcd.

Po eddp tbd Jkjid wktb us ks foo` jut kt ks jdttdr to rdm` kt mh` idmrh kt. Aost

pdopid rdm` tbd Jkjid cor strdhftb, goacort, gohsoimtkoh mh` fuk`mhgd. Kh rdm khf tbd

Jkjid kt ks kaportmht to ehow tbmt wd aust hot rdm` tbd Jkjid to ckh` cmuits kh otbdrs,

grktkgkzd mh` goh`dah tbda jut wd aust rdm` to `ksgovdr our owh cmuits mh` jd gor-

rdgtd` mggor`khf to tbd wkii mh` purposd oc Fo`. Kt ks miso kaportmht to ehow tbmt ms wd

rdm` tbd Jkjid wd mrd rdm` jy tbd Jkjid, mh` ms wd uh`drstoo` jy tbd Jkjid.




Kh Bdjrdws 0< =: & =7 wd rdm`, " Cor tbd Vor` oc Fo` ks ikvkhf mh` mgtkvd.

Wbmrpdr tbmh mhy oujid`-d`fd` swor`, kt pdhdtrmtds dvdh to kvk`khf soui mh` spkrkt,

lokhts mh` amrrow5 kt lu`fds tbd tboufbts mh` mttktu`ds oc tbd bdmrt. Hotbkhf kh mii grdmtkoh

ks bk``dh croa Fo 's skfbt. Dvdrytbkhf ks uhgovdrd` mh` imk` jmrd jdcord tbd dyds oc Bka

to wboa wd aust fkvd mggouht" (HKS).Ms wd rdm` tbd Vor` oc Fo`, kt pdhdtrmtds khto tbd aost khhdr pmrts oc our ikcd

mh` wd stmh` hmed` kh tbd skfbt oc Fo`. Pbdrd ks ho sdgrdt jdcord Fo`. Pbd Vor` oc

Fo` ks m lu`fdadht cor tbosd wbo ksojdy Fo` jut kt ks m jidsskhf cor tbosd wbo ojdy

Fo` mh` ikvd mggor`khf to Fo`'s wkii.

Coradr TW rdsk`dht Fdorfd Vmsbkhftoh smk`, " Kt ks kaposskjid to rkfbtiy fov-

drh tbd wori` wktbout Fo` oc tbd Jkjid." Pbd Jkjid tdmgbds hot ohiy bow to ikvd kh jidsskhf

jut kt tdmgbds miso bow to kd kh jidsskhf. Kt proaksds m jidssd` dtdrhmi ikcd oc fiory kh

bdmvdh mh` kt miso fumrmhtdds m jidssd` mjuh`mht ikcd kh kts cuiihdss bdrd oh dmrtb.@dmr crkdh`s, wbmt ks rdqukrd` oc us ks to tbkhe, to prmy, to spdme, to o mh` to ikvd

mggor`khf to tbd tdmgbkhfs mh` khstrugtkohs oc tbd Jkjid, tbd ikvkhf Vor` oc Fo`. Idt us

lokh tbd smiakst kh smykhf, " [our wor` ks m imap to fuk`d ad mh` m ikfbt cor ay pmtb. K wkii

eddp ay soidah proaksd to ojdy your lust khstrugtkohs" (^s. ==;< =>4 & =>3, PDS).

Amy Fo` jidss you mii. Madh.




OTZ GBZKWPKMH AKWWKOH

(@dvotkohmi Pmie mt Vori` Skskoh Aymhamr Wtmcc Voresbop,

Wuaakt mre Skdw Botdi, [mhfoh, Cdjrumry :0, :>>>)

Gbrkstkmh Aksskoh ks hot soadtbkhf wd Gbrkstkmh khvdhtd` jut rmtbdr

kt ks soadtbkhf dhtrustd` to us jy Fo`. Gbrkstkmh aksskoh ks tbd aksskoh oc Fo` -

Fo`'s Aksskoh (Assko @dk). Fo` ks m aksskohmry Fo`. Fo` stmrtd` Bks aksskhmry

wore wktb tbd Grdmtkoh oc mii tbkhfs khgiu`khf buamh jdkhfs, coiiowd` jy Bks khgmr-

hmtkoh kh tbd pdrsoh oc Ldsus oc Hmzmrdtb (tbroufb bks jkrtb, ikcd, akhkstry, succdrkhf, dmtb

mh` rdsurrdgtkoh), mh` jy tbd sdh`khf oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt to fuk`d mh` sustmkh tbd wboid

grdmtkoh.

Pbd gdhtrmi adssmfd oc our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst ks mjout tbd Ekhfòa (Zuid)

oc Fo`. Bd tmufbt bks ksgkpids to prmy (tbd Ior`'s rmydr) - "[our Ekhfòa goad,

[our wkii jd ohd oh dmrtb ms kt ks kh bdmvdh..." (Amtt. 3<=>). Ldsus Gbrkst am`d tbd

pujikg mhhougdadht oc bks aksskoh kh Iued 0<=2 & =; (Hmzmrdhd Amhkcdsto)<

to prdmgb foo` hdws to tbd poor

to progimka crddòa cor tbd gmptkvds/prksohdrs

to rdgovdry oc skfbt cor tbd jikh`

to rdidmsd tbd opprdssd`

to progimka tbd ydmr oc tbd Ior`'s cmvour.

Pbd Aksskoh Wtmtdadht oc tbd Imajdrt Gohcdrdhgd oc tbd Vori`wk`d Mhfik-

gmh Goaauhkoh dsgrkjd` tbd Ckvd Amres oc Aksskohs ms coiiows<

(=) Po progimka tbd Foo` Hdws oc tbd Ekhfòa oc Fo`

(:) Po tdmgb, jmptkzd mh` hurturd hdw jdikdvdrs

(7) Po rdspoh` to buamh hdd`s jy iovkhf sdrvkgd(0) Po sdde to trmhscora uhlust strugturds oc sogkdty

(4) Po strkvd to smcdfumr` tbd khtdfrkty oc grdmtkoh mh` sustmkh mh` rdhdw

tbd dmrtb.




Ms gbki`rdh oc Fo` mh` ksgkpids oc Gbrkst, wd Gbrkstkmhs mrd gmiid` to pmrtkgkpmtd

kh Fo`'s aksskoh to jrkhf Fo`'s Ekhfòa wbkgb ks tbd Ekhfòa oc iovd, lustkgd, trutb,

crddòa, uhkty mh` pdmgd. Ms wd pmrtkgkpmtd kh Fo`'s aksskoh, wd aust kaktmtd Gbrkst ms

our "Ao`di" jdmrkhf tbd bdmrt mh` akh` oc Gbrkst (^bkikp :<4cc), bmvkhf tbd mttktu`d aotk-

vmtd` jy iovd mh` goapmsskoh, gbmrmgtdrkzd` jy bohdsty mh` buakikty, wktb tbd spkrkt oc sdrvkgd mh` smgrkckgd, mh` wktb tbd dtdrakhmtkoh oc cmktbcuihdss mh` cuickiiadht.

Kh your ikcd mh` wore, amy you miwmys sdde ckrst tbd Ekhfòa (Zuid) oc Fo` mh`

Bks rkfbtdoushdss (Amtt. 3<77) mh` tbmt mt tbd dh` oc your ikcd's lourhdy amy you bdmr tbd

jidssd` wor oc tbd Ior smykhf to you, "Vdii ohd, foo` mh` cmktbcui sdrvmht..." (Amtt.

:4< :=).

Amy tbd foo` Ior` eddp you mh` jidss you miwmys. Madh




FOO@ MH@ CMKPBCTI @KWGKÎDW

(Mh m``rdss dikvdrd` mt tbd Gioskhf Vorsbkp Wdrvkgd oc tbd

"ôst-Mastdr`ma :>>> Gohcdrdhgd" gohvdhd` mt tbd Adaorkmi Bmii,

Jmptkst Bdm`qumrtdrs, [mhfoh oh Mufust =:, :>>= mt =><7> MA)

^rmksd tbd Ior`!

O fkvd tbmhes to tbd Ior`, cor bd ks foo`5

cor bks stdm`cmst iovd dhùrds cor dvdr!

^smia =>3<=

Frdmt ks tbd Ior`, mh` frdmtiy to jd prmksd`!

Ms wd goad to tbd Gioskhf Vorsbkp Wdrvkgd kh Pbmhesfkvkhf to tbd Frdmt

Fo`, idt us rdgimka mh` rd-mcckra tbd ckvd "Frdmts" oc tbd Ior` ms coiiows<

=. PBD FZDMP GMII OC PBD IOZ@

(m) "Goad to ad, mii wbo imjour mh` mrd bdmvy im`dh, mh` K wkii fkvd you

rdst." (Att.==<:2)

(j) "Coiiow ad, mh` K wkii amed you cksbdrs oc adh" (Att. 0< =;).(g) "Mjk`d kh ad, mh` K kh you" (Lobh =4<0m).

(`) "Kc mhy amh woui` goad mctdr ad, idt bka dhy bkasdic mh` tmed up bks

gross mh` coiiow ad" (Att. =3<:0).

:. PBD FZDMP GOAAMH@ADHP OC PBD IOZ@

(m) "Pbks ks ay goaamhàdht, tbmt you iovd ohd mhotbdr ms K bmvd iovd`

you" (Lobh =4<=:).

(j) "[ou sbmii iovd tbd Ior` your Fo` wktb mii your bdmrt, mh` wktb mii your soui, mh` wktb mii your akh`, mh` wktb mii your strdhftb... [ou sbmii iovd

your hdkfbjour ms yoursdic..." (Ae. =:< 7>,7=).

(g) "Iovd your dhdakds mh` prmy cor tbosd wbo pdrsdgutd you,..." (Att. 4<00).




7. PBD FZDMP ZM[DZ OC PBD IOZ@

(m) "K o hot prmy cor tbdsd ohiy, jut miso cor tbosd wbo jdikdvd kh ad tbroufb

tbdkr wor`, tbmt tbdy amy mii jd ohd5 dvdh ms Pbou, Cmtbdr, mrt kh ad, mh`

K kh Pbdd, tbmt tbdy miso amy jd kh us, so tbmt tbd wori` amy jdikdvd tbmt

Pbou bms sdht ad" (Lobh =6< :>,:=).(j) "Pby Ekhfòa goad, Pby wkii jd ohd, oh dmrtb ms kt ks kh bdmvdh" (Att.

3<=>).

(g) "Ay cmtbdr, kc kt jd posskjid, idt tbks gup pmss croa ad5 hdvdrtbdidss, hot

ms K wkii, jut ms Pbou wkit" (Att. :3<7;j).

0. PBD FZDMP GOAAKWWKOHOC PBD IOZ@

(m) "Fo, tbdrdcord mh` amed `ksgkpids oc mii hmtkohs, jmptkzkhf tbda kh tbd

hmad oc tbd Cmtbdr mh` oc tbd Woh mh` oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt, tdmgbkhf tbdato ojsdrvd mii tbmt K bmvd goaamh`d` you5" (Att. :2<=;, :>m).

(j) "Pbd Wpkrkt oc tbd Ior` ks upoh ad, jdgmusd bd bms mhokhtd` ad to prdmgb

foo` hdws to tbd poor, Bd bms sdht ad to progimka rdidmsd to tbd gmp

tkvds mh` rdgovdrkhf oc skfbt to tbd jikh`, to sdt mt ikjdrty tbosd mrd op

prdssd`, to progimka tbd mggdptmjid ydmr oc tbd Ior`. ... Po`my tbks sgrkp

turd bms jddh cuickiid` kh your bdmrkhf" (Ie. 0<=2, =;, :=j).

4. PBD FZDMP ^ZOAKWD OC PBD IOZ@

(m) "Jut tbd Gouhsdior, tbd Boiy Wpkrkt, wboa tbd Cmtbdr wkii sdh` kh ay

hmad, bd wkii tdmgb you mii tbkhfs, mh` jrkhf to your rdadajdrmhgd mii

tbmt K bmvd smk` to you" (Lobh =0<:4,:3).

(j) "^dmgd K idmvd wktb you5 ay pdmgd K fkvd you5 hot ms tbd wori` fkvds ò

K fkvd to you. Idt hot your bdmrt jd troujid`, hdktbdr idt tbda jd mcrmk`"

(Lobh =0< :6).

(g) "K bmvd toi` you tbdsd tbkhfs, so tbmt kh ad you amy bmvd pdmgd. Kh tbks

wori` you wkii bmvd troujid. Jut tmed bdmrt! K bmvd ovdrgoad tbd wori`"

(Lobh =3<77 HKS).

(`) "... mh` io, K ma wktb you miwmys, to tbd giosd oc tbd mfd" (Att. :2<:>j).

@dmr jdiovd` crkdh`s, idt us rdekhìd our cmktb mh` rd`d`kgmtd our ikvds to jd foo`

mh` cmktbcui ksgkpids oc our frdmt Ior` ms wd gohtkhud to ikstdh to tbd frdmt gmii, to ojdy

tbd frdmt goaamhàdht, to occdr tbd frdmt prmydr, to mggoapiksb tbd frdmt goaaksskoh

mh` to stmh` ckraiy oh tbd frdmt proaksd oc tbd frdmt Ior`.

Po Fo` jd tbd Fiory! Madh




GTIPKSMPKHF M GTIPTZD OC DMGD

(M rdcidgtkoh fkvdh mt HGG Fdhdrmi Wdgrdtmrkds' Addtkhf orfmhkzd` jy GGM bdi` mt Pmo Cohf Wbmh Dguadhkgmi Gdhtrd,

Bohf Eohf, Luhd =6-:=, :>>:)

Jmskg Gbrkstkmh ^rkhgkpid

Pbd Gburgb jdikdvds tbmt dvdry buamh jdkhf ks grdmtd` kh tbd kamfd oc Fo`,

mh` tbus, tbd Gburgb ks gmiid` jy Fo` to upboi` mh` wkthdss to rdspdgt mh` protdgt

tbd buamh rkfbts oc mii pdopid dvdrywbdrd.

Buamh wkged`hdss

Gohcikgts, vkoidhgd mh` wmrs mfmkhst buamh goaauhktkds mh` kh`kvkùmis mrd

gohtkhukhf rdmiktkds oc buamh bkstory skhgd M`ma mh` Dvd, jdfkhhkhf wktb tbd ekiikhf

oc Mjdi jy bks owh jrotbdr Gmkh (Fdh. 0<2). Pbus, tbd sgrkpturds tdstkckd` buamh wkged`-

hdss aost vkvkìy kh sdvdrmi pmssmfds, sugb ms<

"Vbdh tbd Ior` smw bow wkged` dvdryohd oh dmrtb wms mh` bow dvki tbdkr

tboufbts wdrd mii tbd tkad, Bd wms sorry tbmt Bd bm` dvdr am`d tbda mh` put tbda

oh tbd dmrtb. Bd wms so ckiid` wktb rdfrdt tbmt Bd smk`, "K wkii wkpd out tbdsd pdopid

K bmvd grdmtd`, mh` miso tbd mhkamis mh` tbd jkr`s, jdgmusd K ma sorry tbmt K am`d

mhy oc tbda" Fdh. 3<4-6, PDS).

"How tbd dmrtb wms gorrupt kh Fo`'s skfbt mh` wms cuii oc vkoidhgd. Fo` smw

bow gorrupt tbd dmrtb bm` jdgoad, cor mii tbd pdopid oh dmrtb bm` gorruptd` tbdkr wmys"

(Fdh. 3<==&=:, HKS).

"Pbdrd ks ho ohd wbo ks rkfbtdous, ho ohd wbo ks wksd or wbo worsbkps

Fo`. Mii bmvd turhd` mwmy croa Fo`5 tbdy bmvd mii fohd wrohf5 ho ohd ods wbmt

ks rkfbt, hor dvdh ohd. Pbdkr wor`s mrd cuii oc dmìy dgdkt5 wkged` ikds roiii occ tbdkr

tohfuds, mh` `mhfdrous tbrdmts, iked shmed's poksoh, croa tbdkr ikps5 tbdkr spddgb ks

ckiid` wktb jkttdr gursds. Pbdy mrd qukge to burt mh` ekii5 tbdy idmvd rukh mh` dstrug-

tkoh wbdrdvdr tbdy fo. Pbdy bmvd hot ehowh tbd pmtb oc pdmgd, hor bmvd tbdy idmrht

rdvdrdhgd oc Fo`" (Zoa. 7< =>-=2, PDS).




Dguadhkgmi khktkmtkvds cor dmgd

Pbd dguadhkgmi aovdadht bms jddh ddpiy gohgdrhd` wktb tbd kssud oc bow

Gbrkstkmhs mh` gburgbds gmh bdip tbd wori` to idmrh to ikvd wktb tbd gohcikgts mh`

vkoidhgd khbdrdht kh tbd buamh goh`ktkoh, mh` to prdvdht tbda croa dxpio`khf khto wmr.

Pbd ckrst couh`khf Mssdajiy oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds (Mastdr`ma, =;02) smk`,"Vmr ms m adtbo` oc sdttikhf ksputds ks khgoapmtkjid wktb tbd tdmgbkhf mh` dxmapid oc

our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst. Pbd pmrt wbkgb wmr pimys kh our prdsdht khtdrhmtkohmi ikcd ks m skh

mfmkhst Fo` mh` m dfrm`mtkoh oc amh."

Kh aord rdgdht tkads, kh Lmhumry =;;0 kh Lobmhhdsjurf, Woutb Mcrkgm, tbd

Gdhtrmi Goaakttdd oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds tmied` oc "m hdd` to goacorr

mh` ovdrgoad tbd 'spkrkt, iofkg mh` prmgtkgd oc wmr' mh` to dvdiop hdw tbdoiofkgmi mp-

promgbds, gohsohmht wktb tbd tdmgbkhfs oc Gbrkst, wbkgb stmrt hot wktb wmr mh` aovd to

pdmgd, jut wktb tbd hdd` cor lustkgd."Pbd TH progimkad` tbd ydmrs :>>=-:>=> "Khtdrhmtkohmi @dgm`d cor m Gui-

turd oc dmgd mh` Hoh-Skoidhgd cor tbd Gbki`rdh oc tbd Vori`". Wkakimriy, tbd Vori`

Gouhgki oc Gburgbds imuhgbd` tbd "@dgm`d to Ovdrgoad Skoidhgd< Gburgbds Wdde-

khf Zdgohgkikmtkoh mh` dmgd (:>>=-:>=>)".

Jkjikgmi Skskoh

Ksmkmb propbdskd` mjout Fo`'s proaksd oc tbd ^dmgdcui ekhfòa<

"Pbd Wpkrkt oc Pbd Ior` wkii fkvd bka wksòa, mh` ehowid`fd mh` sekii toruid bks pdopid ... Bd wkii ruid bks pdopid wktb lustkgd mh` khtdfrkty. Voivds mh`

sbddp wkii ikvd tofdtbdr kh pdmgd, mh` idopmr`s wkii ikd òwh wktb youhf fomts.

Gmivds mh` ikoh gujs wkii cdd` tofdtbdr, mh` ikttid gbki`rdh wkii tmed gmrd oc tbda.

Gows mh` jdmrs wkii dmt tofdtbdr, mh` tbdkr gmivds mh` gujs wkii ikd owh kh pdmgd. Ikohs

wkii dmt strmw ms gmttid o. Dvdh m jmjy wkii hot jd bmrad` kc kt pimys hdmr m poksohous

shmed. Oh \koh, Fo 's smgrd` bkii, tbdrd wkii jd hotbkhf bmracui or dvki. Pbd imh` wkii jd ms

cuii oc tbd ehowid`fd oc tbd Ior` ms tbd sdms mrd cuii oc wmtdrs" (Ks. ==< :-;, PDS).

Akgmb miso propbdskd` mjout Fo`'s proaksd oc tbd Ior`'s Thkvdrsmi Zdkfh oc

^dmgd<

"Bd wkii sdttid ksputds maohf tbd hmktohs, maohf tbd frdmt powdrs hdmr mh` cmr.

Pbdy wkii bmaadr tbdkr swor`s khto pioufbs mh` tbdkr spdmrs khto pruhkhf-ehkvds. Hmtkohs

wkii hdvdr mfmkh fo to wmr, hdvdr prdpmrd cor jmttid mfmkh. Dvdryohd wkii ikvd kh pdmgd

maohf bks owh vkhdymr`s mh` ckf-trdds, mh` ho ohd wkii amed bka mcrmk`. Pbd Ior`

Miakfbty bms proaksd` tbks" (Maos 0<7&0, PDS).

Khspkrmtkoh mh` aotkvmtkoh cor ^dmgd

Vd mrd khspkrd` jy Fo`'s proaksd cor ^dmgd (Wbmioa) tbroufb tbd propbdts

mh` aotkvmtd` jy our cmktb kh mh` pdrsohmi rdimtkohsbkp wktb Ldsus Gbrkst tbd Ior`,

tbd ^rkhgd oc ^dmgd (Ks. ;<3), wbo fkvds us Bks pdmgd (Lobh =05:6), wbo ks miwmys

prdsdht wktb us, Kaamhudi (Amtt. =<:7), mh` wbo ks tbd smad ydstdr`my, to`my mh` cor




dvdr (Bdj.=7<2), wbo rdgohgkid` us wktb Fo` mh` wktb ohd mhotbdr, progimkakhf pdmgd

mh` m hdw rdimtkoh sbkp (ohd hdw buamhkty) jdtwddh tbosd wbo bm` jddh sdpmrmtd` jy

mikdhmtkoh mh` bostkikty (Dp. :< =0-=6), mh` dhtrustd` to us tbd akhkstry oc rdgohgkikmtkoh.

(: Gor. 4<=2)

Gmiid` to ^dmgd

Idt us pmy mttdhtkoh to Wt. ^mui's dxbortmtkoh cor tbd Gmiid` to ^dmgd<

"Pbdrdcord, ms Fo 's gbosdh pdopid, boiy mh` dmriy jdiovd`, giotbd yoursdivds

wktb goapmsskoh, ekh`hdss, buakikty, fdhtidhdss mh` pmtkdhgd. Jdmr wktb dmgb otbdr mh`

corfkvd wbmtdvdr frkdvmhgds you amy bmvd mfmkhst ohd mhotbdr. Corfkvd ms tbd Ior`

corfmvd you. Mh` ovdr mii tbdsd vkrtuds put oh iovd, wbkgb jkh`s tbda mii tofdtbdr kh

pdrcdgt uhkty. Idt tbd pdmgd oc Gbrkst ruid kh your bdmrts, skhgd ms adajdrs oc ohd jo`y

you wdrd gmiid` to pdmgd (Goio. 7<=:-=4, HKS).

Goaaktadht to ^dmgd< Guitkvmtkhf m Guiturd oc ^dmgd

Pbd TH Wdgrdtmry Fdhdrmi `kstkhfuksbd` tbd tbrdd tmses oc pdmgd-eddpkhf,

pdmgd- amekhf mh` pdmgd-juki`khf. Pbd Gburgb ks gmiid` to mii tbd tbrdd tmses jut

prkamrkiy to tbd imttdr, k.d. cor pdmgd-juki`khf wbkgb ks m iohf-tdra gohgdrh mh` goaakt-

adht. Guitkvmtkhf m Guiturd oc dmgd (^dmgd-juki`khf) ks cuh`madhtmiiy mh dùgmtkohmi

progdss wbkgb rdqukrds sustmkhkhf dguadhkgmi coramtkoh< coramtkoh oc pdmgd adhtmikty

mh` spkrktumikty. Kt gmiis cor m rm`kgmi gbmhfd oc mttktu`d, gohvkgtkoh mh` ikcd styid. Kt gmiiscor m fiojmi, aormi, dtbkgmi trmhscoramtkoh - grdmtkoh oc m hdw prmxks croa pmsskvd go-

dxkstdhgd to mgtkvd pro-dxkstdhgd mggor`khf to tbd akh` mh` ao`di oc Ldsus Gbrkst< "[our

mttktu`d sboui` jd tbd smad ms tbmt oc Ldsus Gbrkst< Vbo, jdkhf kh vdry hmturd Fo`, k`

hot gohsk`dr dqumikty wktb Fo` soadtbkhf to jd frmspd`, jut am`d bkasdic hotbkhf, tmekhf

tbd vdry hmturd oc m sdrvmht, jdkhf am`d kh buamh ikedhdss. Mh` jdkhf couh` kh mppdmr-

mhgd ms m amh, bd buajid` bkasdic mh` jdgoad ojd`kdht to `dmtb-dvdh `dmtb oh m

gross!" (^bkikp. :< 4-2,PDS).

Guiturd oc dmgd sboui` jd guitkvmtd` jdfkhhkhf kh our owh boads< jdtwddh

busjmh`s mh` wkvds, gbki`rdh mh` pmrdhts, skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs5 kh our gburgb goh-

frdfmtkohs/pmrksbds5 kh our Gbrkstkmh khstktutkohs/orfmhkzmtkohs5 mh` dxtdh`d` to tbd

wk`dr goaauhktkds, pdopids, hmtkohs mh` tbd dhtkrd wori`.

Vd mrd gmiid` to jd pdmgd-amedrs (Amtt. 4<;) ms tbd smit oc tbd dmrtb mh` tbd

ikfbt oc tbd wori` (Amtt. 4<=4&=0), to jd majmssmòrs cor Gbrkst cor tbd akhkstry oc

rdgohgkikmtkoh (:Gor. 4<:>). Pbd pdmgd wd sdde, fkvdh jy Fo` ms m fkct, ks tbd pdmgd

wktb lustkgd, trutb mh` crddòa wbkgb ks am`d pdrcdgt jy corfkvdhdss mh` iovd - dvdh

our worst dhdakds (Amtt. 4<00).

Guitkvmtkhf m Guiturd oc dmgd ks m progdss oc trmhscoramtkoh wbkgb wkii khdvktmjiy

rdqukrd m gbmhfd, k.d. gbmhfd oc bdmrt mh` akh`, m hdw adhtmikty (mttktu`d) mh` m hdw

spkrktumikty (ikcdstyid), sugb ms<




Croa mggusmtkoh to mggoao`mtkoh

Croa mhkaoskty to makgmjkikty

Croa mpprdbdhskoh to mpprdgkmtkoh

Croa mpmtby to makty

Croa jkfotry to jdhdvoidhgdCroa gohcrohtmtkoh to goiimjormtkoh

Croa goapuiskoh to goapmsskoh

Croa gohtdapt to gohgdrh

Croa gurskhf to gmrkhf

Croa grusm`khf spkrkt to grugkckd` spkrkt

Croa ògtrkhd oc lust wmr to ògtrkhd oc lust pdmgd

Croa ksgrkakhmtkoh to kmiofud

Croa dhakty to dapmtbyCroa dgo-dxpioktmtkoh to dgo-crkdhìkhdss

Croa cmhmtkgksa to crmtdrhkty

Croa cod to crkdh`

Croa fmkhkhf spkrkt to fkvkhf spkrkt

Croa frdd`khdss to frmgkoushdss

Croa bmtrd` to bmraohy

Croa bostkikty to bospktmikty

Croa bujrks to buajidhdssCroa bmracuihdss to bdmikhf

Croa kh`kccdrdhgd to k`dhtkckgmtkoh

Croa kh`kfhmtkoh to khtdfrkty

Croa ldmiousy to lustkgd

Croa ekgejmge to ekh`hdss

Croa iustcui dskrd to iovkhf ekh`hdss

Croa amidvoidhgd to adrgy

Croa aohopoikzmtkoh to auitkpikgkty

Croa pmrogbkmiksa to piurmikty

Croa pmtdrhmiksa to pmrthdrsbkp

Croa qumhtkty to qumikty

Croa rdtmikmtkoh to rdgohgkikmtkoh

Croa sdicksbhdss to sdicidsshdss

Croa sdfrdfmtkoh to soik`mrkty

Croa vkgtkakzmtkoh to vkh`kgmtkoh

Croa wmrrkhf am`hdss to wkhsoad akh`cuihdss

"Mh` tbd pdmgd oc Fo`, wbkgb trmhsgdh`s mii uh`drstmh`khf, wkii fumr` your

bdmrts mh` your akh`s kh Gbrkst Ldsus" (^bkikp. 0<6, HKS).




PBD HDV VOZI@ OZ@DZ MH@ PBD ZOID OC PBD GBTZGB

(M pmpdr prdsdhtd` mt tbd 0tb Khtdr-Wdakhmry Wtu`dhts' Mssdajiy (MPDA)

bdi` mt Eo Pbm Jyu Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry, mtbdkh, Aymhamr, Ogtojdr =>, :>>:)

M. PBZDD AMLOZ KWWTDW OZ GBMIIDHFDW PO PBD VOZI@ PO@M[

(m) îurmikty

Pbd mwmrdhdss tbmt tbd wori` ks m piurmikty oc rdikfkohs, dtbkg mh` rmgkmi k`dhtktkds,

guiturds, imhfumfds mh` oc bkstorkds, mh` tbd khtdr-rdimtd`hdss mh` khtdr`dpdh`dhgd oc

buamh goaauhktkds ks bdrd to stmy, tbdrd ks ho wmy jmge to tbd prd-ao`drh sktumtkoh oc

sdic-gohtmkhd` mh` boaofdhdous goaauhktkds. Buamhkty bms ho gbokgd jut to dvdiop

wmys oc mgehowid`fkhf guiturmi mh` rdfkous piurmikty ms pdramhhdht sogkmi cmgt mh` toaovd croa mhtmfohkstkg goapdtktkvdhdss to goapidadhtmry goopdrmtkoh.

(j) Fiojmikzmtkoh

Vd mrd wkthdsskhf m fiojmikzmtkoh oc buamh sogkdty, pmrtkguimriy kh tbd mrdms oc

dgohoay, ckhmhgd mh goaauhkgmtkoh. Fiojmikzmtkoh ks trmhscorakhf mii trm ktkohmi wmys oc

orfmhkzkhf sogkdty, dxdrgkskhf powdr mh` proùgkhf foo`s mh` sdrvkgds. Fiojmikzmtko sya-

joikzds m cora oc buamh powdr wbkgb gmh ho iohfdr jd gohtroiid`.

Fiojmikzmtkoh ks tbd rdsuit oc dxgdsskvd gohgdhtrmtkoh oc powdr mh` kts imrfdiy uh-

gohtroiid` usd. Jdgmusd tbd fiojmi dgohoakg mh` ckhmhgkmi systda rdgofhkzds ho ikakts -

wbdtbdr to hmtkohmi jouh`mrkds, poiktkgmi sovdrdkfhty or dgoiofkgmi sustmkhmjkikty - kt ckhmiiy

jdgoads sdic-`dstrugtkvd. Pbd potdhtkmiiy sdic-`dstrugtkvd yhmakgs oc tbd progdss oc

fiojmikzmtkoh gmh jd adt ohiy kc buamh jdkhfs, kh`kvkùmiiy mh` goiidgtkvdiy, idmrh mfmkh to

ikvd wktbkh ikakts. Vd bmvd to idmrh mfmkh mh` mfmkh tbmt "Wamii ks jdmutkcui" mh` "Dhoufb ks

dhoufb".

Pbd prdsdht trdh` towmr`s fiojmikzmtkoh wkii bmvd to jd trmhscorad` jy rdgovdrkhf

m sdhsd oc sustmkhmjid ikakts cor buamh dxkstdhgd. Pbks mgehowid`fdadht oc ikakts ks

jmsd` oh mh uh`drstmh khf oc buamh dxkstdhgd ms "jdkhf kh rdimtkohsbkp". Our k`dhtkty ms

buamh pdrsohs ks corad` tbroufb our rdimtkohsbkps wktb otbdr buamh jdkhfs, wktb our

hmturmi dhvkrohadht mh` uitkamtdiy wktb Fo`. Fo` ks uh`drstoo` ms tbd uitkamtd gdhtrd oc

rdimtkohsbkps.




(g) Skoidhgd

Skoidhgd ks m jmskg cdmturd oc tbd dtbos oc our tkad. Skoidhgd ks m goapidx pbdhoa-

dhoh amhkcdstkhf ktsdic kh amhy kccdrdat coras. Skoidhgd ks amhkcdstd` jotb krdgt mh`

strugturmi, kh boads, goaauhktkds mh` khtdrhmtkohmi mrdhms. Jdgmusd oc kts oahkprdsdhgd

ohd gmh dvdh spdme oc m "guiturd oc vkoidhgd."Skoidhgd oggurd` mirdm`y kh tbd vdry ckrst buamh cmakiy wbdh Gmkh ekiid` bks

owh jrotbdr Mjdi kh goi` jioo` ms rdgor`d` kh tbd jooe oc Fdhdsks (0<2).

Pbd trmuamtkg dvdht oc Wdptdajdr ==, :>>= mh` tbd sussdqudht gmapmkfh mh`

grusm`d oh "wmr mfmkhst tdrrorksa" ks tbrdmtdhkhf tbd dhtkrd wori`. Vkii wmr jd dvdr

ovdrgoad jy wmr? Vkii vkoidhgd jd dvdr stoppd` jy vkoidhgd?

J. PO JD PBD GBTZGB

("Pbd Hmturd mh` Aksskoh oc tbd Gburgb" VGG C/O @oguadht Ho. =2=, =;;2)(m) Jkjikgmi Khskfbts oc tbd Gburgb

(=) Pbd Gburgb ms tbd dopid oc Fo`

(:) Pbd Gburgb ms tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst

(7) Pbd Gburgb ms tbd Pdapid oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt

(0) Pbd Gburgb ms Goaauhkoh (Eokhohkm)

(j) Amres/Hmturd oc tbd Gburgb

(=) Pbd Gburgb ks Ohd

(:) Pbd Gburgb ks Boiy

(7) Pbd Gburgb ks Gmtboikg/Thkvdrsmi

(0) Pbd Gburgb ks Mpostoikg

(g) Pmses/Cuhgtkohs oc tbd Gburgb

(=) Cdiiowsbkp/Thkty/Goaauhkty (Eokhohkm)

(:) Vorsbkp/Ikturfy ( Idkturfkm)

(7) Pdmgbkhf/Khstrugtkohs ( @k`mgbd)

(0) Wdrvkgd/Gbmrkty ( @kmeohkm)(4) Vkthdss/Pdstkaohy ( Amturkm)

(`) Dguadhkgmi Skskoh cor tbd Gburgb

("Po jd tbd Gburgb< Gbmiidhfds mh` Bopd cor m hdw akiidhhkua", Eohmr`

Zmksdr, VGG, Fdhdvm, =;;6)

(=) M vkskoh oc wboidhdss mh` oc cuiihdss oc ikcd, hot ohiy cor buamh

jdkhfs jut miso cor mii grdmtkoh.

(:) M vkskoh oc sbmioa mh` oc rkfbt rdimtkohsbkps kh m sustmkhmjid buamh

goaauhkty(7) M vkskoh oc rdgohgkikmtkoh< jmsd` oh tbd jdikdc kh tbd ikjdrmtkhf powdr

oc corfkvdhdss




(0) M vkskoh oc succkgkdhgy< dhoufb ks provk`d` cor dvdryohd's hdd`, to jd-

goad sdic-rdikmht

(4) M vkskoh oc tbd gmtboikgkty oc tbd Gburgb ms tbd wori`wk`d goaauhkty oc

tbosd wbo ikvd jy tbd proaksd oc Fo 's ekhfòa mh` gdidjrmtd tbd skfhs

oc kts prdsdhgd mirdm`y how

G. MIPDZHMPKSD WOGKDP[/DGTADHKGMI GOAATHKP[ -

"GKSKI WOGKDP["

Gkvki sogkdty ks mjout grdmtkhf mh` prdsdrvkhf rdimtkohsbkps mh` costdrkhf goaauhk-

gmtkohs kh tbd wk`dst sdhsd. Kts progdssds mrd gohgdrhd` ckrst mh` cordaost wktb proaot-

khf qumikty oc ikcd tbroufb rdikmjid mh` admhkhfcui rdimtkohsbkps - hot wktb dxdrgkskhf powdr

or mgguauimtkhf gmpktmi. Gkvki sogkdty ks tbd jmsks mh` prdgoh`ktkoh oc mh dccdgtkvdiy cuhg-

tkohkhf dgohoay kh tbd gohtdxt oc tbd amredt. Pbd smtkscmgtkoh oc jmskg hdd`s mh` tbd rkfbtto pmrtkgkpmtd kh sogkdty mh` tbd dgohoay aust jd fumrmhtdd` kh tbd rdmias oc gkvki sogk-

dty.

Cor tbd dguadhkgmi goaauhkty or mitdrhmtkvd sogkdty or gkvki sogkdty, mh mppromgb to

mutbdhtkg buamh dvdiopadht wkii rdqukrd tbd coiiowkhf edy mcckramtkohs<

(=) M rdgofhktkoh tbmt rdmi vmiud gmhhot jd dxprdssd` kh aohdtmry tdras mh`

tbmt ikcd - mh` tbmt wbkgb ks dssdhtkmi to sustmkh kt - gmhhot jd goaaoh`kckd`.

(:) M jdikdc kh tbd khbdrdht kfhkty oc dvdry pdrsoh mh` m prkorkty oh grdmtkhf

tbd goh`ktkohs cor m kfhkckd` ikcd.(7) M goaaktadht to mh dgohoay wbosd roid ks to sdrvd tbd wdii-jdkhf oc

pdopid mh` tbd bdmitb oc tbd dmrtb.

(0) M cogus oh tbd uitkamtd mka oc dgohoakg ikcd to hurturd sustmkhmjid, lust

mh` pmrtkgkpmtory goaauhktkds.

(4) M vkskoh oc m fiojmi goaauhkty wbosd khtdr`dpdh`dhgd ks hot rdùgd` to

trm`d mh` amredts.

(3) Mh mgehowid`fdadht oc m goaaoh dstkhy ms go-khbmjktmhts oc tbd ohd

dmrtb cor wbkgb wd mii sbmrd rdspohskjkikty mh` croa wbkgb wd sboui` mii

dqumiiy jdhdckt.

(6) M rdspohskjkikty to upboi` tbd rkfbt oc mii pdopid - pmrtkguimriy tbd kvdrsd

goaauhktkds oc tbd poor mh` dxgiu`d` - to pmrtkgkpmtd kh tbd dgohoakg,

sogkmi mh` poiktkgmi dgkskohs wbkgb mccdgt tbda.

@. VOZEKHF COZ JTKI@KHF M GTIPTZD OC ^DMGD

(VGG's "Gburgbds Wddekhf Zdgohgkikmtkoh mh` dmgd< @dgm`d to Ovdrgoad

Skoidhgd")

(=) Zdmgbkhf m goaprdbdhskvd uh`drstmh`khf oc tbd vmrkous amhkcdstmtkohs oc

`krdgt ms wdii ms strugturmi vkoidhgd mh` oc tbd kccdrdht gohtdxtumi

mppromgbds to ovdrgoakhf vkoidhgd5




(:) Zdikhquksbkhf mhy tbdoiofkgmi lustkckgmtkoh oc vkoidhgd mh` mcckrakhf mhdw

tbd spkrktumikty oc rdgohgkikmtkoh mh` mgtkvd hoh-vkoidhgd5

(7) Grdmtkhf m hdw uh`drstmh`khf oc sdgurkty kh tdras oc goopdrmtkoh mh`

goaauhkty, khstdm` oc kh tdras oc oakhmtkoh mh` goapdtktkoh5

(0) Goopdrmtkhf wktb otbdr rdikfkous goaauhktkds kh tbd pursukt oc pdmgd mh` rdgohgkikmtkoh mh` mfmkhst tbd aksusd oc rdikfkous mh` dtbhkg k`dhtktkds kh

piurmikstkg sogkdtkds5

(4) Gbmiidhfkhf tbd frowkhf akiktmrkzmtkoh oc our wori , dspdgkmiiy tbd proikcdrm-

tkoh oc samii mras mh` ikfbt wdmpohs.

Po ovdrgoad vkoidhgd mh` juki` m Guiturd oc dmgd, tbd Gburgb aust progikma tbd

adssmfd oc rdgohgkikmtkoh mh` wore cor kt ms majmssmòrs cor Gbrkst - mfdhts/khstruadhts

cor dmgd (Dpb. :<=0-=25 : Gor. 4<=6-:=).

D. PBD GBTZGB MW M "AOZMI MH@ W^KZKPTMI GOAATHKP["

Pbd Gburgb ms tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst ks jy kts vdry jdkhf m "aormi" mh` "spkrktumi"

rdmikty. Aormi mh` spkrktumi coramtkohs mrd tbd khbdrdht tmses oc tbd Gburgb. Kh tbks mfd oc

gohcikgt, gohcuskoh mh` goapdtktkoh, tbd Gburgb ks gmiid` to jd tbd aormi gohsgkdhgd mh`

spkrktumi sourgd cor tbd wori`.

Aormi coramtkoh ks m hurturkhf progdss kh wbkgb m gdrtmkh sdhsd oc k`dhtkty, m

gdrtmkh rdgofhktkoh oc goaauhkty, mh` m gdrtmkh pmttdrh oc aotkvmtkoh, dvoivd ...

Aormi coramtkoh wkii bmvd to fkvd pmrtkguimr mttdhtkoh to sbmpkhf m hdw uh`drstmh`-khf oc buamh rdspohskjkikty, jotb kh`kvkùmiiy mh` goiidgtkvdiy. Kt wkii bmvd to jd

orkdhtd` towmr`s grdmtkhf sustmkhmjid goaauhktkds wktb m hdw guiturd - "guiturd oc

rdspohskjkikty".

Aormi coramtkoh mh` spkrktumikty mrd giosdiy khtdrrdimtd`. Wpkrktumikty - kh kts

amhkcoi` coras - ks mjout rdgdkvkhf dhdrfy cor ikcd, jdkhf gidmhsd`, khspkrd` mh` sdt

crdd, kh dvdry wmy jdkhf gohcorad` to Gbrkst. Mh dguadhkgmi spkrktumikty cor our

tkad sboui` jd<

- khgmrhmtkohmi, bdrd mh` how,- ikcd-fkvkhf,

- rootd` kh sgrkpturds mh` hourksbd` jy prmydr,

- kt sboui jd goaauhktmrkmh mh` gdidjrmtkhf,

- gdhtrd` mrouh` tbd Dugbmrkst,

- dxprdssd` kh sdrvkgd mh` wkthdss,

- trustkhf mh` gohck`dht,

- kt wkii khdvktmjiy idm` to succdrkhf,

- kt ks opdh to tbd wk`dr okeouadhd,

- loycui mh` bopdcui,

- kts sourgd mh` fuk d ks tbd mgtkoh oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt,

- kt ks ikvd` mh` soufbt kh goaauhkty mh` cor otbdrs,

- kt ks mh ohfokhf progdss oc coramtkoh mh` ksgkpidsbkp.




C. GOHGITWKOH

Pbd dguadhkgmi spkrktumikty ks gbmrmgtdrkzd` jy opdhdss, gohhdgtd`hdss mh`

dmrtbd`hdss.

Opdhdss ks tbd mjkikty to trmhsgdh` ohd's sdic, ohd's borkzoh5 kt ks tbd wkiikhfhdss

to opdh ohdsdic to tbd Boiy Wpkrkty, to amed rooa cor otbdr5 ....Gohhdgtd`hdss ks tbd rdgofhktkoh tbmt mii ikcd ks sustmkhd` jy joh`s oc goaau-

hkty. Gohhdgtd`hdss ms m amre oc spkrktumikty ckh`s kts dxprdsskoh kh tbd rdgofhktkoh

mh` prmgtkgd oc goopdrmtkoh, rdgkprogkty mh` autumikty, ...

Dmrtbd`hdss jkh`s tbd dguadhkgmi spkrktumikty to tbd dvdry`my goh`ktkohs oc ikcd

mt m fkvdh tkad mh` pimgd, rdgofhkzkhf kts ckhktdhdss mh` ikaktmtkohs, kh gohstmht km-

iofud wktb kts guiturmi mh` sogkmi dhvkrohadht.

Wpkrktumikty ks tbd hmad wd fkvd to tbmt wbkgb provk`ds us wktb tbd strdhftb to

fo oh, cor kt ks tbd mssurmhgd tbmt Fo` ks kh tbd struffid (DMPVOP, Hmkrojk, =;;:).




D]T^^KHF DOÎD COZ FO@'W AKHKWPZ[

(Adssmfd oc Gbmkrpdrsoh, AKP Jomr` oc Prustdds

mt tbd Frouh`-jrdmekhf gdrdaohy oc tbd @kmaoh` Lujkidd Juki`khfoh Ogtojdr =:, :>>: mt 6<>> MA)

Kh tbd sgrkpturd tdxtoc Dpb. 0<==-=3, tbd mpostid mui spoed mjout rdgruktadht

mh` dqukppkhf pdopid cor vmrkous akhkstrkds oc tbd Gburgb. Gburgb bkstorkmh Pdrtuiikmh

wrotd tbmt "Gbrkstkmh mrd am`d, hot jorh". K tbkhe wd mii wkii mfrdd wktb bka. Hohd oc us

bdrd ks jorh m pmstord, m tdmgbdr, m idm`dr. Vd mii mrd am`d Gburgb idm`drs, tdmgbdrs,

pmstors.

Gbrkstkmh ikcd ks m progdss oc ehowid`fd, frowtb mh` amturkty wbkgb ks m gohtkhu-

ous progdss oc coramtkoh. Pbdrd mrd tbrdd khtdrrdimtd` mspdgts oc coramtkoh progdss<

- to jd khcorad` - rdm`khf, ikstdhkhf, idmrhkhf, ksgdrhkhf (ehowid`fd)

- to jd trmhscorad` - rdpdhtmhgd mh` gohvdrskoh jy tbd powdr oc tbd Boiy

Wpkrkt, hdw ikcd (ojd`kdhgd)

- to jd gohcorad` - to tbd ikedhdss oc Gbrkst, kaktmtkoh oc Gbrkst, kh Fo`'s

kamfd (goaaktadht)

Pbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh, K jdikdvd, ks dssdhtkmiiy m akhkstry oc Gbrkstkmh coram-

tkoh, cor m souh` mh` propdr tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh, tbd coiiowkhf ckvd pdrspdgtkvds

oc Gbrkstkmh coramtkoh sboui` jd dqumiiy cogusd`.

=) cmktb coramtkoh - jmskg cuh`madhtmi Gbrkstkmh cmktb & jdikdc

:) tbdoiofkgmi coramtkoh - aord grktkgmi stu`y mh` ehowid`fd oc tbd

Gbrkstkmh cmktb

7) spkrktumi coramtkoh - aormi dtbkgmi horas mh` prmgtkgds cor ksgkpidsbkp

0) akhkstdrkmi coramtkoh - trmkhkhf mh` dvdiopadht cor procdsskohmi

Gbrkstkmh Idm`drsbkp

4) dguadhkgmi coramtkoh - jdgmusd Fo` ks ohd mh` tbd Gburgb ks ohd, trud

Gbrkstkmh ikcd mh` akhkstry ks ohd - autumi rdspdgt, autumi uh`drstmh`khf,

autumi mggdptmhgd, autumi - ohd mh` goaaoh aksskoh mh`

rdgofhktkoh akhkstry oc Fo`



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:; >

M boikstkg gohgdpt oc coramtkoh ks dssdhtkmi kh tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh wbkgb wkii

dajrmgd tbd ckvd jmskg didadhts oc m buamh pdrsoh<

m) pbyskgmi didadht

j) psygboiofkgmi/daotkohmi didadht

g) rmtkohmi/khtdiidgtumi didadht`) sogkmi-guiturmi didadht

d) spkrktumi didadht

Kh ay opkhkoh, tbd amkh purposd oc tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh ks cor tbd coramtkoh oc m

goaakttd` sdrvmht-idm`dr wbo ks

m) khtdiidgtumiiy khcorad

j) procdsskohmiiy dqukppd`

g) spkrktumiiy amturkhf mii cor tbd sdrvkgd oc tbd Ekhfòa mh` fiory oc Fo`.

Pbd Gbrkstkmh ikcd (m idm`dr's ikcd) ks ikvd` kh tbd powdr oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt. Mh` kt ks<

- m ikcd oc goaauhkoh, wktb Fo , wktb mii Fo 's pdopid mh` tbd hmturd-

pdmgd & khtdfrkty

- m ikcd oc goapmsskoh, cor mii wbo mrd poor, opprdssd`, succdrkhf, vkgtkas

oc khlustkgd mh` ksgrkakhmtkohs

- m ikcd oc goajmt, oc goacrohtmtkoh mh` struffid mfmkhst mii prkhgkpmiktkdsmh` powdrs, mii coras oc wmr mh` vkoidhgd

Pbd AKP, tbd Miam Amtdr oc aost oc tbd Gburgb idm`drs fmtbdrkhf bdrd, ms tbd

bkfbdst mh` idm`khf khstktutkoh oc bkfbdr tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh kh Aymhamr, ks jidssd` wktb

tbks spdgkmi oppotuhkty to jd tbd ao`di oc Gbrkstkmh coramtkoh to dùgmtd, dqukp, gbmi-

idhfd mh` goaaksskoh gmpmjid mh` goaakttd` idm`drs oc tbd gburgbds cor to`my mh`

toaorrow.

Amy tbks @kmaoh` Lujkidd Juki`khf jd m imstkhf jidsskhf to cmgkiktmtd tbd rdqukrd-

adhts cor trmkhkhf mh` dqukppkhf hdw fdhdrmtkohs oc pdopid cor Fo`'s akhkstry oc trutb,

crddòa, lustkgd, pdmgd mh` iovd tbmt Fo`'s Ekhfòa amy goad mh` Fo`'s dskrd amy

jd ohd oh dmrtb mh` kh Aymhamr ms kt ks kh bdmvdh. Madh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :;=

"KH ZDADAJZMHGD OC ...."

(M sdraoh prdmgbd` mt tbd Lu`soh Gburgb,

Thkvdrskty Dstmtd, [mhfoh oh Amy =, :>>4 mt 0<>> Â)

"Cor K rdgdkvd` croa tbd Ior` wbmt K miso dikdvdrd` to you, tbmt tbd Ior`

Ldsus oh tbd hkfbt wbdh bd wms jdtrmyd` tooe jrdm`, mh` wbdh bd bm`

fkvdh tbmhes, bd jroed kt, mh` smk`, "Pbks ks ay jo`y wbkgb ks cor you. @o

tbks kh rdadajrmhgd oc ad." Kh tbd smad wmy miso tbd gup, mctdr suppdr,

smykhf, "Pbks gup ks tbd hdw govdhmht kh ay jioo`. @o tbks, ms octdh ms you

`rkhe kt, kh rdadajrmhgd oc ad" (= Gor. ==<:7-:4, ZWS).

@dmr crkdh`s, skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs kh Gbrkst,

Po`my ks Amy @my gdidjrmtd` jy mii woredrs tbroufbout tbd wori`. Mggor`khf to

tbd gustoa oc our Gburgb, to`my jdkhf tbd ckrst Wuh`my oc tbd aohtb, wd wkii gdidjrmtd tbd

Dugbmrkst (Boiy Goaauhkoh) mt tbks worsbkp sdrvkgd.

Mii Gbrkstkmh gburgbds mfrdd` mh` mcckrad` tofdtbdr tbmt Dugbmrkst ks mt tbd

gdhtrd oc Gbrkstkmh worsbkp mh` ikcd. Pbdrdcord, tbks dvdhkhf ms wd ojsdrvd tbd Dugbmrkst,

wd mrd pmrtkgkpmtkhf kh tbd aost smgrd` mh` soidah rktd oc tbd Gburgb. Pbd Dugbmrkst ks

hot m buamh khvdhtkoh jut kt ks tbd fkct oc tbd Ior` fkvdh to tbd Gburgb. Pbd Ior` Ldsus

Gbrkst Bkasdic ks tbd Ohd wbo prdsk`ds mt tbd Dugbmrkstkg Pmjid mh` Bd ks tbd Ohd wbo

khvktds mh` occdrs mii oc us to rdgdkvd tbd smgrmadhts croa Bka.

Mggor`khf to tbd JDA (Jmptksa, Dugbmrkst, mh` Akhkstry) Cmktb & Or`dr ògu-

adht Ho.===, =;2: oc tbd Vori` Gouhgki oc Gburgbds, tbd admhkhf oc tbd Dugbmrkst bms

ckvd kadhskohs<

(m) Pbd Dugbmrkst ms Pbmhesfkvkhf to tbd Cmtbdr

(j) Pbd Dugbmrkst ms Mhmahdsks or Adaorkmi oc Gbrkst

(g) Pbd Dugbmrkst ms Khvogmtkoh oc tbd Wpkrkt

(`) Pbd Dugbmrkst ms Goaauhkoh oc tbd Cmktbcui

(d) Pbd Dugbmrkst ms Admi oc tbd Ekhfòa



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:; :

Pbks dvdhkhf, K woui` iked to rdcidgt oh ohd pmrtkguimr mspdgt oc tbd gdidjrmtkoh oc

tbd Dugbmrkst mggor`khf to tbd wor` oc our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst, k.d. "@o tbks kh rdada-

jrmhgd oc ad." Pbdrd mrd tbrdd khtdr-rdimtd` pokhts K woui` iked mii oc us to poh`dr. Vbmt

ò wd admh jy "to rdadajdr"?

(=) Po rdadajdr mii wbmt Ldsus Gbrkst bm` ohd cor tbd smivmtkoh oc tbd wori` -bks jkrtb, ikcd, akhkstry, dmtb, rdsurrdgtkoh, msgdhskoh, sdh`khf oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt, dtg. Po

rdadajdr bdrd admhs to rdgmii mh` rdakh` oursdivds kh tbmhesfkvkhf cor mii tbd jidsskhfs

mh` jdhdckts wd rdgdkvd` tbroufb tbd ikcd, dmtb mh` rdsurrdgtkoh oc our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst,

k.d. PBMHEWFKSKHF.

(:) Po rdadajdr admhs to rdgoiidgt mh` rdcidgt tbd wor` oc Ldsus Gbrkst cor

rdpdhtmhgd jy gohcdsskhf our skhs, cmkiurds mh` sbortgoakhfs jy our tboufbts, wor`s,

mgtkohs, k.d. GOHCDWWKOH.

(7) Po rdadajdr wbo wd wdrd, wbo wd mrd mh` wbo wd sboui` jd. Vd wdrdskhhdrs jdcord jut how wd mrd corfkvdh, lustkckd` mh` rd`ddad` mh` wd mrd hdw

pdopid, govdhmht pdopid, gbosdh pdopid, hdw goaauhkty kh Gbrkst. Vd mrd ksgkpids

oc Gbrkst mh` gbki`rdh oc Fo`. Vd mrd pkifrka pdopid oh our lourhdy to tbd Ekhfòa

oc Fo` wbkgb ks tbd Ekhfòa oc iovd, lustkgd, crddòa mh` pdmgd, k.d. MHPKGK^M-

PKOH.

@dmr crkdh`s, skstdrs mh` jrotbdrs kh Gbrkst, ms wd prdpmrd oursdivds to gdidjrmtd

tbd Boiy Wmgrmadht oc tbd Dugbmrkst, idt us dhtdr joiìy khto cdiiowsbkp mh` goaauhkoh

wktb our Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst ms wdii ms wktb ohd mhotbdr kh Pbmhesfkvkhf to tbd Ior` cor miiwbmt Bd bm` ohd to us, Gohcdsskhf our skhs, cmkiurds mh` sbortgoakhfs wktb cuii Mhtkgkpm-

tkoh cor tbd goakhf Ekhfòa oc Fo` ms proaksd` jy tbd Ior`.

Amy Fo` jidss you mii. Madh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :;7

"J - M - Z - W"

(Gbmrfd to tbd Frmùmtds, AKP5 Wdakhmry Bkii,

JMZW :h` Goaadhgdadht, Ogtojdr =, :>>4)

Ckrst oc mii, idt us fkvd tbmhes to Fo` cor mii tbd tbkhfs Bd bms ohd tbroufb tbdAKP goaauhkty oh tbks jdmutkcui sdakhmry bkii. Po`my , wd gdidjrmtd tbd sdgoh` akidstohd

oc tbd frmùmtkoh oc JMZW. Ay dmr jdiovd` frmùmtds, sohs mh` mufbtdrs, idt ad wksb

you ay bdmrtcdit "gohfrdtuimtkohs" cor your sugdss mh` mgbkvdadht. Vdii ohd!

Kt ks kh`dd` m spdgkmi prkvkidfd mh` bohor cor ad to fkvd tbd gbmrfd to tbd frmù-

mtds to`my jotb ms Gbmkrpdrsoh oc tbd Jomr` oc Prustdds oc AKP ms wdii ms m pmrdht oc tbd

frmùmtds. Ms K gohsk dr mjout our Miam Amtdr, tbd AKP, dspdgkmiiy tbd JMZW profrmaad,

K ma mamzd` bow kt jdfkhs mh` bow kt wores tbroufbour tbd pmst ckvd ydmrs. Vd fkvd our

skhgdrd bohor to our jdiovd` ^rkhgkpmi @r. Mhhm Amy Wmy m cor bdr vkskoh, gourmfd mh` goaaktadht supportd` jy our Skgd-^rkhgkpmi Zdv. @r. Wmhf Mwr mh` our @dmh Pbrm

Wmw ^muiu tofdtbdr wktb sdvdrmi ozdhs oc voiuhtddr procdssors mh` idgturdrs. Pbd JMZW

profrmaad ks m ikvkhf akrmgid. Kt ks m prooc tbmt "Hotbkhf ks kaposskjid wktb Fo`."

Pbd tktid oc ay adssmfd ks "J-M-Z-W." Ay dmr frmùmtds, sohs mh` mufbtdrs,

kh m cdw akhutds tkad you wkii jd gohcdrrd` mh` mwmr`d` tbd dfrdd oc JMZW. Croa how

oh you wkii gmrry JMZW dfrdd tbroufbout your ikcd. [ou ehow vdry wdii wbmt JMZW

admhs. Bowdvdr, idt ad fkvd cour tbdoiofkgmi khtdrprdtmtkohs cor you.

=. Jd Miwmys Zdm`y to Wdrvd

Kh Ae. =><04 Ldsus smk` tbmt Bd `k` hot goad to jd sdrvd` jut to sdrvd. Ms

`ksgkpids oc Ldsus Gbrkst, you mrd gmiid` to sdrvd iked Ldsus. Cor m trud coiiowdr oc

Ldsus Gbrkst, to ikvd ks to sdrvd. [ou wkii ckh` trud bmppkhdss mh` loy kh sdrvkhf

otbdrs.

:. Jd Mgtkvd, Zdgohstrugtkvd mh` Wupportkvd

[ou mrd youhf, dhdrfdtkg, m`vdhturous, grktkgmi, grdmtkvd, gourmfdous. Jut idt ad

m`vksd you ms Wt. mui k` to Pkaotby (=Pka. 0<=:), "Idt ho ohd dspksd your youtb, jut

jd mh dxmapid kh wor`, kh gohùgt, kh iovd, kh spkrkt, kh cmktb, kh purkty." [ou aust hot usd

your ehowid`fd, tmidhts mh` dhdrfy to ckfbt mh` qumrrdi wktb otbdrs jut to trmhcora mh`

juki` crkdh`sbkp mh` goaauhktkds oc iovd, pdmgd mh` bopd cor mii.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:; 0

7. Jd Mvmkimjid mh` Zdspohskjid cor tbd Wogkdty

Ldsus goaamh`d` us to iovd our hdkfbjour ms oursdivds. Aord tbmh tbmt tbd

Ior` Ldsus goaamh`d` us to iovd our dhdakds mh` prmy cor tbosd wbo pdrsdgutd us.

@dmr frmùmtds, you mrd gmiid` to jd foo` hdkfbjours, foo` Wmamrktmhs AKP bms trkd` kts

jdst to prdpmrd you mh` trmkh you to jd mvmkimjid mh` rdspohskjid cor tbd sogkdty wbkgb ks jm iy kh hdd` oc your iovd, smgrkckgd mh` sdrvkgd.

0. Jd Majmssmòrs cor Zdgohgkikmtkoh mh` Wbmioa

Pbd wori` ks skge. Kt ks jroedh. Our hmtkoh ks skge mh` jroedh. Vd hdd` pdmgd

mh` rdgohgkikmtkoh. Vd hdd` uhkty mh` soik`mrkty. Vd hdd` crddòa croa cdmr mh`

prdlu`kgd. Vd hdd` lustkgd mh` dqumikty. Vd hdd` iovd mh` goapmsskoh. @dmr frmù-

mtds, sohs mh` `mufbtdrs, you mrd gmiid` to jd majmssmòrs oc Gbrkst cor rdgohgkik-

mtkoh mh` sbmioa.

Po`my, wd mrd ikvkhf mak`st wmrs mh` vkoidhgd, tdrrors mh` tbrdmts. Jut idt ad tdii

you,

ms iohf ms tbdrd ks vkoidhgd, tbdrd ks gohcikgt

ms iohf ms tbdrd ks gohcikgt, tbdrd ks succdrkhf

ms iohf ms tbdrd ks succdrkhf, tbdrd ks struffid

ms iohf ms tbdrd ks struffid, tbdrd ks ikcd

ms iohf ms tbdrd ks ikcd, tbdrd ks bopd.

Ldrdakmb :;<==, "Cor surdiy K ehow tbd pimhs K bmvd cor you, smys tbd Ior`, pimhscor your wdicmrd mh` hot cor bmra, to fkvd you m cuturd wktb bopd."

Mjout =4> ydmrs mfo, towmr`s tbd dh` oc bks ikcd, @r. Mòhkrma Lusoh dx-

gimkad`, "Pbd cuturd oc Juram ks ms jrkfbt ms tbd proaksds oc Fo`."

@dmr frmùmtds, sohs mh` `mufbtdrs, you bmvd jddh fkvdh tbd `dfrdd oc

JMZW wbkgb admhs<

=. Jd Miwmys Zdm`y to Wdrvd

:. Jd Mgtkvd, Zdgohstrugtkvd mh` Wupportkvd

7. Jd Mvmkimjid mh` Zdspohskjid cor Wogkdty0. Jd Majmssmòrs cor Zdgohgkikmtkoh mh` Wbmioa

Pbd Ior` jd wktb you mh` jidss you miwmys. Madh




OTZ GOAAOH KIFZKAMFD PO PBD CTPTZD

(M pmpdr prdsdhtd` mt mh "Khtdrrdikfkous [outb Cdiiowsbkp rofrma"

orfmhkzd` mh` spohsord` jy tbd Lu`soh Zdsdmrgb Gdhtdr oc AKP,

oh Mufust 2, :>>;, Aooidr Bmii, AKP, Khsdkh, [mhfoh, Aymhamr)

Our Proujid Vori`

M jooe dhtktid` "Our Goaaoh Cuturd" ks tbd Zdport oc tbd Vori` Goaaksskoh

oh Dhvkrohadht mh` @dvdiopadht (VGD@) pujiksbd` kh =;26. Pbd Zdport jdfmh wktb

tbd coiiowkhf stmtdadht<

"Pbd Dmrtb ks ohd jut tbd wori` ks hot. Vd mii dpdh` oh oh jkospbdrd cor sustmkh-

khf our ikvds. [dt dmgb goaauhkty, dmgb gouhtry, strkvds cor survkvmi mh` prospdr-

kty wktb ikttid rdfmr` cor kts kapmgt oh otbdrs. Woad gohsuad tbd Dmrtb's rdsourgds

mt m rmtd tbmt woui` idmvd ikttid cor cuturd fdhdrmtkohs, otbdrs, amhy aord kh

huajdr, gohsuad cmr too ikttid mh` ikvd wktb tbd prospdgt oc buhfdr, squmior, ks-

dmsd, mh` dmriy dmtb ... Po`my, amhy rdfkohs cmgd rkses oc krrdvdrskjid mamfd to

tbd buamh dhvkrohadht tbmt tbrdmtdh tbd jmsks cor buamh profrdss ... Pbdrd mrd

aord buhfry pdopid kh tbd wori` to`my tbmh dvdr jdcord kh buamh bkstory, mh`

tbdkr huajdrs mrd frowkhf ...."

[ds, our wori` ks m troujid` wori`. Kt ks jroedh. Kt ks jroedh. Kt ks skge. Our wori`

ks m jmttid-ckdi` oc wmrs mh` vkoidhgd, oc gohcikgts mh` gohcrohtmtkohs, oc gohtrm`kgtkohs

mh` goapdtktkohs, oc ksgrkakhmtkohs mh` kvkskohs, oc oakhmtkohs mh` dbuamhkzmtkoh,

oc dxpioktmtkohs mh` dxtdrakhmtkohs, oc bmtrd` mh` bostkikty, oc pdrsdgutkohs mh` prostktu-

tkohs, oc rdvdhfd mh` rdtmikmtkoh, oc succdrkhfs mh` smgrkckgds, oc trmkis mh` trmfd`kds, dtg.,

dtg.

Our Fiojmi Skiimfd - Goaaoh Buamhkty

Kh tbks fiojmi vkiimfd, mii buamh jdkhfs mrd khtdr-rdimtd`, khtdr-gohhdgtd` mh`

khtdr-`dpdh`dht. Vd buamh jdkhfs jdiohf to ohd mhotbdr rdfmrìdss oc our kccdrdht

rmgds mh` rdikfkohs, jdikdcs mh` jdbmvkours, goiours mh` grdd`s, guiturds mh` gustoas,

imhfumfds mh` iktdrmturds, sbmpds mh` skzds. Mii buamh jdkhfs mrd adajdrs oc ohd buamh

spdgkds - Boao smpkdhs. Vd mii mrd adajdrs oc ohiy ohd buamh cmakiy. Vd mii jdiohf to



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF:; 3

ohd mhotbdr ms cdiiow buamh jdkhfs ms wdii ms cdiiow fiojmi cmakiy adajdrs. [ds, wd

jdiohf to ohd mhotbdr, mh` wd mii sbmrd tbd smad dxpdrkdhgd oc jkrtb mh` dmtb. Vd mii

mrd gbki`rdh oc tbd smad aotbdr dmrtb. Vd mii sbmrd ohd mh` tbd smad pimhdtmry mh`

dgosystda - wd sbmrd tbd smad sey, suh, aooh, stmrs, mkr, wmtdr, dtg ... Our jdiohfkhf,

our jdkhf buamh tofdtbdr mh` our go-buamhkty ks aost cuh`madhtmi to our goaaohk`dhtkty ms buamh jdkhfs.

Our Goaaoh Zdspohskjkikty

M wori`-rdhowhd` dxpdrt oh wori` rdikfkohs mh` tbdkr kapmgt oh sogkdty, m Fdr-

amh Zoamh Gmtboikg tbdoiofkmh, roc. @r. Bmhs Euhf am`d tbd coiiowkhf tbrdd jmskg

stmtdadhts kh bks jooe dhtktid` "Fiojmi Zdspohskjkikty< Kh Wdmrgb oc m Hdw Vori` Dtbkg"

pujiksbd` kh =;;=, vkz.

m) Pbdrd gmh jd ho ohfokhf buamh sogkdty wktbout m wori` dtbkgd cor tbdhmtkohs

j) Pbdrd gmh jd ho pdmgd maohf tbd hmtkohs wktbout pdmgd maohf tbd

rdikfkohs.

g) Pbdrd gmh jd ho pdmgd maohf tbd rdikfkohs wktbout kmiofud jdtwddh

tbd rdikfkohs

Pbd tbdsks bdrd ks tbmt khtdr-rdikfkous or khtdr-cmktb kmiofud ks kh`kspdhsmjid cor

pdmgd mh` sustmkhmjkikty oc our fiojmi vkiimfd. Pbus, khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud ks dssdhtkmi cor

our goaaoh cuturd buamhkty. M fdhukhd khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud rdqukrds mh mttktu`d oc mjsoiutd bohdsty mh` totmi opdhhdss.

Khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud opdrmtds kh tbrdd mrdm<

tbd prmgtkgmi mrdm wbdrd wd goiimjormtd to bdip buamhkty5

tbd gofhktkvd mrdm wbdrd wd sdde uh`drstmh`khf mh` trutb5

tbd spkrktumi mrdm wbdrd wd mttdapt to dxpdrkdhgd tbd pmrthdr's rdikfkoh

"croa wktbkh".

Khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud miso bms tbrdd pbmsds<

^bmsd =< Vd uhidmrh akskhcoramtkoh mjout dmgb otbdr mh` jdfkh to ehow

dmgb otbdr ms wd truiy mrd5

^bmsd :< Vd jdfkh to ksgdrh vmiuds kh tbd pmrthdr's trm`ktkoh mh` wksb to

mpproprkmtd tbda khto our owh trm`ktkoh5

^bmsd 7< Vd tofdtbdr jdfkh to dxpiord hdw mrdms oc rdmikty, oc admhkhf, mh`

oc trutb oc wbkgb hdktbdr oc us bm` dvdr jddh mwmrd jdcord.

K woui` iked to sbmrd bdrdwktb two rdamremjid bkstorkmi Wtmtdadhts rdimtd` to

khtdr-rdikfkous kmiofud, rdimtkohsbkp mh` goopdrmtkoh cor our khcoramtkoh., khspkrmtkoh mh`

mppikgmtkoh. Pbd ckrst ohd croa tbd Vori` Gohcdrdhgd oc Zdikfkoh mh` dmgd (VGZ^)

mh` tbd otbdr ohd croa tbd Vori` mrikmadht oc Zdikfkohs (V^Z).

@dgimrmtkoh oc Vori` Gohcdrdhgd oc tbd Zdikfkohs cor dmgd oc tbd Vori` Goh-

cdrdhgd cor Zdikfkoh mh` dmgd (VG^Z), Eyoto, Lmpmh, =;6>.




Jmbmk, Ju``bkst, Gbrkstkmh, Gohcugkmh, Bkhù, Lmkh, Ldw, Ausika, Wbkhtokst, Wkeb,

\oromstrkmh mh` otbdrs - wd bmvd goad tofdtbdr kh pdmgd out oc m goaaoh gohgdrh cor

pdmgd. Ms wd smt owh tofdtbdr cmgkhf tbd ovdrrk`khf kssuds oc pdmgd wd ksgovdrd` tbmt

tbd tbkhfs wbkgb uhktd us mrd aord kaportmht tbmh tbd tbkhfs wbkgb kvk`d us. Vd couh`

tbmt wd sbmrd<=) M gohvkgtkoh oc tbd cuh miadhtmi uhkty oc tbd buamh cmakiy, oc tbd dqumikty

mh` kfhkty oc mii buamh jdkhfs5

:) M sdhsd oc tbd smgrd`hdss oc tbd kh`kvkùmi pdrsoh mh` bdr/bks gohsgkdhgd5

7) M sdhsd oc tbd vmiud oc tbd buamh goaauhkty5

0) M rdgofhktkoh tbmt akfbt ks hot rkfbt, tbmt buamh powdr ks hot sdic-succkgkdht

mh` mjsoiutd5

4) M jdikdc tbmt iovd, goapmsskoh, uhsdicksbhdss mh` tbd corgd oc khhdr trutbcui

hdss mh` oc tbd spkrkt bmvd uitkamtdiy frdmtdr powdr tbmh bmtd, dhakty mh` sdic-khtdrdst5

3) M sdhsd oc ojikfmtkoh to stmh` oh tbd sk`d oc tbd poor mh` opprdssd` ms

mfmkhst tbd rkgb mh` tbd opprdssors5

6) M procouh` bopd tbmt foo` wkii ckhmiiy prdvmki.

Pbd @dgimrmtkoh oc tbd mrikmadht oc tbd Vori`'s Zdikfkohs mòptd` jy tbd Vori`

^mrikmadht oc Zdikfkohs, Gbkgmfo, TWM, =;;7.

Cour krrdvogmjid krdgtkvds/goaaktadhts

Po jd mutbdhtkgmiiy buamh kh tbd spkrkt oc our frdmt rdikfkohs mh` dtbkgmi trm`ktkohs

admhs<

=) Goaaktadht to m guiturd oc hoh-vkoidhgd mh` rdspdgt oc ikcd

:) Goaaktadht to m guiturd oc soik`mrkty mh` m lust dgohoakg or dr

7) Goaaktadht to m guiturd oc toidrmhgd mh` m ikcd oc trutbcuihdss

0) Goaaktadht to m guiturd oc dqumi rkfbts mh` pmrthdrsbkp jdtwddh adh mh`

woadh.

Powmr Our Goaaoh Cuturd

Pbd uh`drstmh`khf mh` rdgofhktkoh oc our goaaoh buamhkty sbmrkhf m goaaoh

cuturd ks gbmiidhfkhf mii oc us to amed goaaoh goaaktadht cor goaaoh rdspohskjkikty

jmsd` oh our goaaoh rdikfkous vmiuds mh` trm`ktkohs cor tbd proaotkoh oc m pdmgdcui

sustmkhmjid fiojmi buamh cmakiy. Pbks pdmgdcui sustmkhmjid fiojmi buamh cmakiy gmh jd

supportd` ohiy jy m tbrddcoi` autumikty (trkpo`), k.d. autumi rdspdgt, autumi uh`drstmh`-

khf mh` autumi mggdptmhgd.

Our jdiohfkhf ms buamh jdkhfs, our goaaoh buamhkty, our goaaoh ikcd mh`

aost oc mii, our goaaoh cuturd rdqukrds us m ikcd tbmt ks aord tbmh adrd go-dxkstdhgd

(ikvkhf ohd cor mhotbdr, khtdr-`dpdh`dht).





BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF :;;

PO JD PBD JDIOSD@ GOAATHKP[

(Gbmpimkh ms Ikturfkst mh` Gouhsdior)

(M pmpdr prdsdhtd` mt "Gbmpimkhgy Wdakhmr", m lokht profrma oc MPDA

mh` AKP, bdi` mt Mh`rus Wdakhmr Zooa, AKP, [mhfoh oh Mprki ;, :>=>)

Oh Jdkhf tbd Gburgb

Gbrkstkmhs mrd adajdrs kh`kvkùmiiy mh` gorpormtdiy oc tbd ohd, boiy, gmtboikg

mh` mpostoikg Gburgb (Hkgdhd Grdd`). VGG occdrs COTZ amkh jkjikgmi khskfbts oc tbd

hmturd oc tbd Gburgb, vkz. pdopid oc Fo`, Jo`y oc Gbrkst, Pdapid oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt,

Eokhohkm/ Goaauhkoh. Aksskoh jdiohfs to tbd vdry jdkhf oc tbd Gburgb. Pbd Gburgb

dxdrgksds kts aksskoh tbroufb worsbkp (idktourfkm) , sdrvkgd (`kmeohkm), progimamtkoh

(edryfam), tdmgbkhf (`k`mgbd), wkthdss (amrtyrkm), dtg.

Gbrkstkmh ikcd ks m progdss oc rdpdhtmhgd, gohvdrskoh, frowtb mh` amturkty

khto tbd admsurd oc tbd stmturd oc tbd cuiihdss oc Gbrkst (Dp. 0<=7). Pbd Gburgb's tmse oc

Gbrkstkmh coramtkoh amy bmvd vmrkous pdrspdgtkvds, sugb ms, cmktb/ ksgkpid coramtkoh, spkrktumi

coramtkoh, tbdoiofkgmi coramtkoh, akhkstdrkmi coramtkoh, dguadhkgmi coramtkoh, dtg. Pbdo-

iofkgmi khstktutkohs mh` sdakhmrkds mrd prkamry gdtrds oc stu`y mh` trmkhkhf mh` bmvd skakimr

(kc hot dxmgtiy tbd smad) tmses to tbd gburgbds jotb kh tbdkr dxdrgksds oc aksskoh mh`

coramtkoh kh tbd wori`.

Idx ormh`k, idx grd`dh`k

"Pbd imw oc prmydr ks tbd imw oc jdikdc" or "Imw oc prmykhf, imw oc jdikdvkhf"

wbkgb admhs tbmt tbd Gburgb's ikturfy (worsbkp) ks m hora oc cmktb (ògtrkhd).

Ikturfy (Fe. Idktourfkm - wore oc pdopid)< Pbd sdrvkgd oc Fo` occdrd` jy tbd

pdopid oc Fo` kh kvkhd worsbkp.

Ikturfy or worsbkp ks tbd pujikg, goaaoh mgtkoh oc m Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty kh

wbkgb tbd Gburgb ks jotb amhkcdstd` mh` rdmikzd`... Kt ks kh ikturfy tbmt Gbrkstkmhs ms-

sdajid` to jdgoad tbd Gburgb, tbmt tbdy goad to ehow tbd khgmrhmtd Fo` mh` pmrtkgk-

pmtd kh Bks vdry Jdkhf jy sbmrkhf tbd Boiy Jo`y mh` Jioo`. Kt ks miso kh tbd ikturfy tbmt

tbdy idmrh mjout tbd Gbrkstkmh cmktb .... Ikturfy, tbdrdcord, dajo`kd tbd cmktb oc tbd



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7> >

Gburgb...Ms pdopid worsbkp, so tbdy jdikdvd. Pbd ikturfkgmi mssdajiy ktsdic dvdhtumiiy

jdgoads m sourgd oc tbdoiofy, pmrtkguimriy croa tbd 0tbgdhtury (Gohstmhtkhd).

Vorsbkp (Oi` Dhfiksb wdortb-sgkpd, "wortb-sbkp")< Pbd sdrvkgd oc prmksd, mò-

rmtkoh, tbmhesfkvkhf, mh` pdtktkoh krdgtd` towmr` Fo` tbroufb mgtkohs mh` mttktu`ds.

Gbrkstkmh worsbkp ks Prkhktmrkmh kh cora ms prmksd ks occdrd` to Fo` tbroufbt Ldsus Gbrkst jy tbd powdr oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt.

VGG Cmktb & Or`dr Gohcdrdhgd (Iuh`, =;4:)< Pbd corauimtkoh oc mfrdd-

adht jdfkhs wktb tbd Prkhktmrkmh jmsks mh` phduamtoiofkgmi gohtdxt oc worsbkp. "Vd

worsbkp ohd Fo`, Cmtbdr, Woh mh` Boiy Wpkrkt, tbd Prkuhd Fo`, jy wbosd Wpkrkt mii

trud worsbkp ks khspkrd` mh` uhto wboa mii Gbrkstkmh worsbkp ks occdrd` ... Gbrkstkmh

worsbkp ks m sdrvkgd to Fo` tbd Cmtbdr jy adh mh` woadh rd`ddad` jy Bks soh,

wbo mrd gohtkhumiiy ckh`khf hdw ikcd kh tbd powdr oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt .... Vorsbkp ks mh

mgt coramtkvd oc Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty... , mh mgt ... wbkgb rdprdsdhts tbd ohd, boiy,gmtboikg mh` mpostoikg Gburgb."

Vorsbkp ks m cuh`madhtmi mgt oc tbd jdkhf oc tbd Gburgb. Vorsbkp sboui` jd

uh`drstoo` mh` prmgtkgd` croa tbd Prkhktmrkmh pdrspdgtkvd wktb Gbrkstogdhtrkg,

phduamtoiofkgmi, dggidskoiofkgmi mh` dsgbmtoiofkgmi mspdgts. Otbdr mspdgts oc wor-

sbkp octdh strdssd` mrd tbd khtdr`dpdh`dhgd oc pujikg worsbkp mh` prkvmtd dvotkoh,

tbd ikhes oc worsbkp mh` grdmtkoh, mh` tbd hdw grdmtkoh, oc worsbkp mh` tbd smgrdadhts

(jmptksa mh` dugbmrkst), dtg.

Pbd VGG's Gmhjdrrm Mssdajiy (=;;=), spdmekhf oc tbd gdhtrmi roid oc wor-sbkp kh tbd Gbrkstkmh ikcd, hotd` tbmt "worsbkp kh kts rkgbhdss bms m vmrkdty oc kadh-

skohs mh` kapikgmtkohs< kt rdimtds to dvmhfdiksa, spkrktumikty, sogkmi lustkgd, buamh

vmiuds, khtdfrkty oc grdmtkoh, uhkty mh` pdmgd, dvdh ms kt gdidjrmtds smivmtkoh. Pbd

sbmrkhf oc ikturfkgmi amtdrkmi, auskg, prmydrs mh` coras oc worsbkp sboui` jd dvdi-

opd` ms m admhs oc bdipkhf iogmi gohfrdfmtkohs to rdhdwmi mh` pmrtkgkpmtkoh kh tbd

spkrktumi ikcd oc tbd okeouadhd."

M quotmtkoh croa tbd Kohm Goaauhkty's (mh dguadhkgmi rdtrdmt gdhtrd oc

tbd Gburgb oc Wgotimh`) `dgimrmtkoh oh worsbkp rdm`s, " Kh worsbkp, tbd `ddpdst

iohfkhfs oc our spkrkts mrd dxprdssd` - tbd iohfkhf cor admhkhf mh` purposd, cor

mggdptmhgd mh` crddòa, cor gdidjrmtkoh mh` bopd. Pbd rktumis, skfhs mh` syajois oc

worsbkp bdip us dxprdss tbks hdd`... Our worsbkp mttdapts to jd khgmrhmtkohmi, bks-

torkgmi, dguadhkgmi, khgiuskvd mh` gbmhfd."

Auskg kh tbd Gbrkskmh ikcd mh` worsbkp

Auskg ks uhkvdrsmi, m jmskg mh` cuh`madhtmi didadht kh buamh dxdrgksd. Auskg

ks mh khtdrhmtkohmi imhfumfd. Pbd auskg mh` sohfs oc tbd pdopid mh` kaportmht sogkmi,

rdikfkous mh` dvdh poiktkgmi roid kh dvdry sogkdty. Ho oujt tbmt auskg bms m powdrcui

khciudhgd oh our sogkdtkds to`my. Pbdrd ks powdr kh auskg. Wohfs amy hot gbmhfd tbd

wori`, jut tbdy wkii hdvdr gdmsd tojd khstruadhts oc bopd kh bopdidss sktumtkohs, oc powdr

kh powdridss ikvds, oc prmksd to tbd khgmrhmtd` Fo`. M quotmtkoh croa Mijdrt vmh dh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7>=

Bduvdi kh tbd khtroùgtkoh oc tbd jooe "Hdw Byahs cor m Hdw @my" pujiksbd` jy VGG,

=;33, rdm`s, "Kt ks tbd byahs, rdpdmtd` ovdr mh` ovdr mfmkh, wbkgb cora tbd gohtmkhdr oc

augb oc our cmktb. Pbdy mrd projmjiy, kh our mfd, tbd ohiy gohcdsskohmi oguadhts wd

idmrh jy bdmrt... Pdii ad wbmt you skhf, mh` K'ii tdii you wbo you mrd!"

Pbd Vorsbkp Wpmgd

Amed tbd spmgd ms jdmutkcui ms posskjid

Amed tbd spmgd ms pmrtkgkpmtory ms posskjid

Amed tbd spmgd ms dguadhkgmi ms posskjid

Idt tbd tbdad oc tbd spdgkckg sdrvkgd khciudhgd tbd iooe oc tbd spmgd

Pbd Vorsbkp Idm`dr

Pbd roid oc tbd worsbkp idm`dr ks dssdhtkmi kh amekhf tbd ikturfy/worsbkp mikvd.Vorsbkp idm`dr hdd`s to<

=) tmed tbd khktkmtkvd (or to jd opdh to khktkmtkvds tmedh jy otbdrs) kh kapimhtkhf

worsbkp/ ikturfy5

:) goor`khmtd tbd pimhhkhf, rdbdmrsmi mh` ckhmiiy tbd gdidjrmtkohs5

7) jd wdii prdpmrd`, ehowkhf mii tbd dtmkis oc tbd sdrvkgd5

0) jd `dvotd` to bdr/bks tmse5

4) grdmtd` mh mtaospbdrd oc sdgurkty mh` gohck`dhgd wbdrd amhy amy cddi

uhgdrtmkhty53) idmvd spmgd cor otbdrs mh` tbdkr spkrktumi fkcts5

6) sbow rdspdgt cor mii pmrtkgmpmhts, mii trm`ktkohs mh` mii dxprdsskohs oc Gbrks-

tkmh cmktb5

2) jd opdh to tbd surprkskhf wore oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt.

Gbrkstkmh Wpkrktumikty mh` Wpkrktumi Coramtkoh

Pbd rdport oc tbd VGG Gohsuitmtkoh oh "M Wpkrktumikty cor Our Pkad" bdi` kh

=;20 k`dhtkckd` PDH amres oc Gbrkstkmh Wpkrktumikty. Pbdy mrd, Gbrkstkmh spkrktumikty

ks< (=) rdgohgkikhf mh` khtdfrmtkvd, (:) khgmrhmtkohmi, (7) rootd` kh sgrkpturd mh` hour-

ksbd` jy prmydr, (0) gostiy mh` sdic-fkvkhf, (4) ikcd-fkvkhf, (3) rootd` kh goaauhkty

mh` gdhtrd` mrouh` tbd dugbmrkst, (6) dxprdssd` kh sdrvkgd mh` wkthdss, (2) wmktkhf

cor Fo`'s owh surprkskhf khktkmtkvd, (;) mjout tbd uhcoi`khf oc tbd iovkhf purposds oc

Fo` bdrd oh dmrtb, (=>) ks opdh to tbd wk`dr okeouadhd.

Wpkrktumi coramtkoh sboui` hot jd ikaktd` to idmrhkhf mjout spkrktumikty, jut to

sdd kt ms grugkmi kadhskoh oc tbdoiofkgmi dùgmtkoh ms m wboid. Wpkrktumi coramtkoh sboui`

jd sddh ms tbd rdspohskjkikty oc mii tbosd pmrtgkpmtkhf kh tbd tbdoiofkgmi idmrhkhf progdss,

mh` ms soadtbkhf bmppdhkhf kh tbd totmikty oc tbd idmrhkhf-tdmgbkhf mgtkvkty. Wpkrktumi idmrh-

khf ks m ikcd-iohf progdss wbkgb ks hot goapidtd` wktb frmùmtkoh or or khmtkoh. Pbus,



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7> :

(m) Mhy adtbo` oc spkrktumi coramtkoh aust bmvd m sdhsktkvkty to tbd wboid

pdrsoh, khtdfrmtkhf tbd khtdiiidgtumi, sogkmi, guiturmi mh spkrktumi kadh

skohs oc bdr/bks ikcd kh tbd dùgmkohmi progdss5

(j) Mhy profrmaad oc spkrktumi coramtkoh sboui` jd jmsd` oh tbd voiuhtmry

pmrtkgkpmtkoh oc tbosd khvoivd` (g) Adtbo s oc spkrktumi idmrhkhf sboui` stmrt wbdrd tbd stu`dhts mrd, mh` hot

wbdrd tbdy oufbt to jd5

(`) Mii adtbo s oc spkrkumi idmrhkhf sboui` khvoivd jotb stmcc mh` tbd stu`dht

goaauhkty kh tbd sdttkhf up mh pursukhf oc goaaoh mh autumi idmrhkhf5

(d) Aost kaportmht cor spkrktumi idmrhkhf ks m pmrtkgkpmtory idmrhkhf styid wbkgb

miiows tbd krdgt mh` cuii khvoivdadht oc stu`dhts kh tbd idmrhkhf progdss5

(c) Wpkrktumi coramtkoh hdd s to ckh` dxprdsskoh kh m ikcd oc goaaoh worsbkp,

prdpmrd` mh` mttdh`d` jy jotb stu`dhts mh` stmcc.Wpkrktumi coramtkoh ks sddh ms mh kaportmht tmse oc tbd wboid cmguity. Pbd mt-

aospbdrd, rdimtkohsbkps, ikcdstyids mh` goursds, mii bmvd m jdmrkhf oh kt. Pbd crmfadhtmtkoh

oc tbdoiofy ms m wboid mh` tbd dpmrtadhtmikzmtkoh oc tbd tbdoiofkgmi idmrhkhf progdss kh

pmrtkguimr gmh wdii jd sddh ms ohd amkh ojstmgids kh tbd wmy oc m boikstkg progdss oc

spkrktumi coramtkoh.

Wpkrktumi coramtkoh ks hot ohiy mjout ddpdhkhf ohd's owh spkrktumi ikcdstyid jut

miso mjout wk`dhkhf tbd borkzoh ms ohd hdd`s to fo jdyoh` ohd's owh guturmi mh` goh-

cdsskohmi jouh`mrkds kh or`dr to iooe jdyoh` mh` to sdd ohdsdic wktb tbd dyds oc tbd otbdr.Wpkrkumi coramtkoh ks m rdspohskjkikty wbkgb aust jd sbmrd` jdtwddh (m) tbd

pdrsoh kh coramtkoh< cuii mh` mgtkvd pmrtkgkpmtkoh oc tbd pdrsoh khvoivd 5 (j) tbd sdakhmry/

trmkhkhf khstktutkoh - khvoivds tbd wboid oc tbd khstktutkoh - stu`dhts, tdmgbdrs mh` fovdrhkhf

jo`kds5 (g) tbd wk`dr Gburgb- iogmi gohfrdfmtkohs mh` jo`kds rdspohskjid cor support

mh` ovdrskfbt oc tbd stu`dhts mh` tbd khstktutkoh.

Eokhohkm,Coramtkoh mh` Gbmpimkhgy

Pbd tbdoiofkgmi khstktutkoh or sdakhmry ks jmskgmiiy m Gbrkstkmh goaauhkty/

eokhohkm kh mh` cor Gbrkstkmh coramktoh. Mh` tbd gbmpimkh ks m idm`dr ms mhkamtor, dhmjidr,

cmgkiktmtor mh` khhovmtor wbo ks rdspohskjid to juki` up, sustmkh mh` proaotd tbd eokhohkm

mh` coramtkoh oc tbd sdakhmry. Bdrdwktb, K woui` iked to suffdst tbrdd khtdr-rdimtd` jkj-

ikgmi kamfds cor tbd gbmpimkhgy wbkgb mrd tbd ao`dis oc Ldsus Gbrkst, k.d. Wdrvmht, Wbdp-

bdr` mh` Wtdwmr`.

(=) Pbd gbmpimkh ms m sdrvmh, to fkvd sdrvkgd, support mh` dhgourfdadht

(Ae. =><045 Ie. ::<:6)

(:) Pbd gbmpimkh ms sbdpbdr`, to fkvd gmrkhf, gourmfd mh` fuk`mhgd

(^s. :75 Lh =><=-=2)

(7) Pbd gbmpimkh ms stdwmr`, to jd trustwortby, rdspohskjid mh` mggouhtmjid,

goupid` wktb bohdsty, khtdfrkty mh` trmhspmrdhgy

(At. :4<05 Ie. =:< 0:-075 Lh. =4<=>-==5 =Gor. 0<=:5 =:<:2)



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7>7

Gbmrmgtdrkstkgs oc m foo` Wbdpbdr`

=) Pbd sbdpbdr` ehows bdr/bks sbddp (jy hmad) (Lh =><75 =0, :6)

:) Pbd sbdpbdr`'s prdsdhgd mh` mvmkimjkikty (Ie. ::< :6)

7) Pbd sbdpbdr` idm`s cora tbd croht (Lh =><7-==)

0) Pbd sbdpbdr` ks gourmfdous mh` mrkhf(Lh =><=>-=2)4) Pbd sbdpbdr` fuk`ds mh` `krdgts (^s. :75 Lh =><==)

3) Gohgdrh cor strmykhf oc iost sbddp (At. =2<=:-=05 Ie. =3<0-3)

6) ôssdssds spkrkt oc sdic-smgrkckgd (Lh =><==)

Pbks ks ay goaamhàdht, tbmt you iovd ohd mhotbdr ms K bmvd iovd` you (Lobh

=4<=:), @o dvdrytbkhf kh iovd (=Gor. =3<=0).

Wourgds oc Zdcdrdhgds=. @kgtkohmry oc Dguadhkgmi Aovdadht, VGG, Fdhdvm, :>>:.

:. Vdstakhstdr @kgtkohmry oc Pbdoiofkgmi Pdra, @ohmi` E. AgEka,

Vdstakhstdr Lobh Ehox ^rdss, Iouksvkiid, Edhtugey, =;;3.

7. Vosbkppkhf Dguadhkgmiiy, d`ktd` jy dr Bmrikhf, VGG, Fdhdvm, =;;4.

0. Pbd Kohm @oguadht oh Wpkrktumi Coramtkoh (Wpkrktumi Coramtkoh kh Pbdo-

iofkgmi Dùgmktoh< Mh Khvktmtkoh cor mrtkgkpmtkoh), VGG, Fdhdvm, =;26.

4. Pbd Hmturd mh` Aksskoh oc tbd Gburgb, C&O mpdr =;2, VGG, Fdhdvm,

:>>4.3. Idm`drsbkp cor Po`my, Bopd cor Poaorrow, Mhtbohy M.@'Wouzm, muikhd

ûjikgmtkohs, Auajmk, :>>=.



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7> 0

M JKJIKGMI ZDCIDGPKOH OH

GBZKWPKMH WDIC-TH@DZWPMH@KHF

(^rdsdhtd` mt 4tb Adeohf Aksskoh Gohsuitmtkoh, AKP, [mhfoh oh Luhd =;, :>=>)

Vbo mrd wd?

Kt ks smk` tbmt tbd dmrtb ks ohd jut tbd wori` ks amhy. Kt ks smk` tbmt wd sbmrd

ohd pimhdtmry dgosystda jut wd imge dquktmjid sbmrd oc kts rdsourgds. Kt ks smk` tbmt

mii pdopids mrd jorh dqumi jut wd dxpdrkdhgd tbd rdvdrsd. Kt ks smk` tbmt wd bmvd goaaoh

cuturd jut wd bmvd m ksgrkakhmtory ikcd bdrd how.

Vbo mrd wd kh tbks fiojmi vkiimfd? Vbo mrd wd ms gburgbds kh tbd Adeohf Mrdm?

Bow o wd ms Gbrkstmkhs uh`drstmh` oursdivds? Pbks sbort rdcidgtkoh wkii jd am`d prkam-

rkiy cora m jkjikgmi pdrspdgtkvd.

K. Jkjikgmi Wdic-uh`drstmh`khf

Kh tbd Jkjid tbdrd mrd sdvdrmi jkjikgmi khskfbts mh` kamfds mjout tbd Gbrkstkmh

ikcd. Kh tbks rdcidgtkoh ckvd oc tbda mrd sdidgtd` ms coiiows.

=. Gbrkstkmhs ms pdopid/gbki`rdh oc Fo`

Jut to mii wbo rdgdkvd` Bka, wbo jdikdvd` kh Bks hmad, Bd fmvd powdr

to jdgoad gbki`rdh oc Fo`5 .... (Lobh =<=:)

Jut you mrd m gbosdh rmgd, m roymi prkdstboo`, m boiy hmtkoh, Fo`'s owh

pdopid5 ... (=^dt. :<;m)

:. Gbrkstkmhs ms `ksgkpids oc Ldsus Gbrkst

Pbdh Ldsus toi` Bks ksgkpids, "Kc mhy amh woui` mctdr ad, idt bka dhybkasdic mh` tmed up bks gross mh` coiiow ad" (Amtt. =3<:0).

Jy tbks mii adh wkii ehow tbmt you mrd ay ksgkpids, kc you bmvd iovd cor

ohd mhotbdr (Lobh =7<74).




7. Gbrkstkmh ms tdapids oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt

@o you hot ehow tbmt you mrd Fo`'s tdapid mh` tbmt Fo`'s Wpkrkt `wdiis

kh you? (=Gor. 7<=3).

@o you hot ehow tbmt your jo`y ks m tdapid oc tbd Boiy Wpkrkt wktbkh

you,... (=Gor. 3<=;).

0. Gbrkstkmh ms adajdrs oc tbd Gburgb (Jo`y oc Gbrkst)

@o you hot ehow tbmt your jo`kds mrd adajdrs oc Gbrkst? (=Gor. 3<=4).

How you mrd tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst mh` kh kvk umiiy adajdrs oc Gbrkst

(=Gor. =:<:6).

4. Gbrkstkmhs ms gktkzdhs oc bdmvdh (Ekhfòa oc Fo`)

Vd, bowdvdr, mrd gktkzdhs oc bdmvdh, mh` wd dmfdriy wmkt cor our Wmvkour,

tbd Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst, to goad croa bdmvdh (^bki. 7<:>, PDS).

Pbdrd mrd amhy rooas kh ay Cmtbdr's bousd, K woui`h't tdii you tbks, uh

idss kt wms trud. K'a fokhf tbdrd to prdpmrd m pimgd cor dmgb oc you. Mctdr

K'vd ohd tbks, K'ii goad jmge mh` tmed you wktb ad. Pbdh wd'ii jd tofdtbdr

(Lobh =0<:&7, GDS).

KK. Pbrdd khtdrgohhdgtd` kadhskohs oc Gbrktkmh ikcd

M. @kvkhd `kadhskoh (Ikcd kh rkfbt rdimtkohsbkp wktb Prkhktmrkmh Fo`)Cdmr Fo`, mh` eddp Bks goaamhàdhts, cor tbks ks tbd wboid uty oc amh (Dgg.

=:<=7). Kt ks jdttdr to trust kh tbd Ior` tbmh to dpdh` oh amh. Kt ks jdttdr to trust kh

tbd Ior` tbmh to dpdh` oh buamh idm`drs (^ss. =22< 2&;, PDS).

Prust kh tbd Ior , mh` o foo`5 so you wkii wdii kh tbd imh`, mh` dhloy sdg u-

rkty. Pmed dikfbt kh tbd Ior`5 mh` Bd wkii fkvd you tbd dskrds oc your bdmrt. Goaakt your

wmy to tbd Ior`5 trust kh Bka, mh` Bd wkii mgt. Bd wkii jrkhf cortb your vkh`kgmktoh ms tbd

ikfbt, mh` your ikfbt ms tbd hooh`my (^ss. 76<7-3).

J. Wogkmi `kadhskoh (Ikcd kh bdmitby rdimtkohsbkp wktb otbdr pdopids)

Mse Fo` to jidss tbosd wbo pdrsdgutd you .... Jd bmppy wktb tbosd wbo mrd

bmppy, wddp wktb tbosd wbo wddp. Bmvd tbd smad gohgdrh cor dvdryohd ... @o dvdry-

tbkhf posskjid oh pmrt to ikvd kh pdmgd wktb dvdryjo`y ... @o hot idt dvki dcdmt you5

khstdm`, gohqudr dvki wktb foo` (Zoamh =:<=0, =4, =6, :=, PDS). [ou bmvd bdmr` pdopid

smy, "Iovd your hdkfbjours mh` bmtd your dhdakds." Jut K tdii you to iovd your dhdakds

mh` prmy cor mhyohd wbo akstrdmts you. Pbdh you wkii jd mgtkhf iked your Cmtbdr kh

bdmvdh. Bd ameds tbd suh rksd oh jotb foo` mh` jm` pdopid. Mh` Bd sdh`s rmkh cor tbdohds wbo o rkfbt mh` cor tbd ohds wbo o wrohf .... Jut you aust miwmys mgt iked your

Cmtbdr kh bdmvdh (Amtt. 4<07-04, 02, GDS). [ou mrd tbd pdopid oc Fo`5 Bd iovd` you

mh` gbosd you croa Bks owh. Wo tbdh, you aust giotbd yousdivds wktb goapmsskoh,




ekh`hdss, buakikty, fdhtidhdss, mh` pmtkdhgd ... Jd toidrmht wktb ohd mhotbdr mh` corfkvd

ohd mhotbdr lust ms tbd Ior` bms corfkvdh you. Mh` to mii tbdsd qumiktkds m`` iovd, wbkgb

jkh`s mii tbkhfs tofdtbdr kh pdrcdgt uhkty (Goi. 7<=:-=0, PDS).

G. Gosakg kadhskoh (Ikcd kh crkdhìy rdimtkohsbkp wktb Grdmtkoh/Hmturd)Pbdh tbd Ior` Fo` pimgd` tbd amh kh tbd Fmr`dh oc D`dh to guitkvmtd kt

(tmed gmrd oc kt) mh` fumr` kt (to iooe mctdr kt) (Fdh. :<=4, PDS/GDS). Pbd dmrtb mh`

dvdrytbkhf oh kt jdiohf to tbd Ior`. Pbd wori` mh` kts pdopid jdiohf to Bka (^ss. :0<=,

GDS). Mii oc grdmtkoh wmkts wktb dmfdr iohfkhf cor Fo` to rdvdmi Bks sohs. Cor grdmtkoh

wms goh`dahd` to iosd kts purposd, hot oc kts owh wkii, jut jdgmusd Fo` wkiid` kt to jd

so. [dt tbdrd wms tbd bopd tbmt grdmtkoh ktsdic woui` ohd `my jd sdt crdd croa kts simvdry

to dgmy mh` woui` sbmrd tbd fiorkous crdd oa oc tbd gbki`rdh oc Fo`. Cor wd ehow tbmt

up to tbd prdsdht tkad mii oc grdmtkoh fromhs wktb pmkh, iked tbd pmkh oc gbki`rdhjkrtb (Zoa.2<=;-::, PDS).

KKK. Pwo dssdhtkmi gbmrmgtdrkstkgs oc Gbrkstkmh ikcd

=. Eokhohkm (Goaauhkoh, Cdiiowsbkp, ^mrtkgkpmtkoh, Wbmrkhf)

Pbd jmskg vdrjmi cora croa wbkgb tbd houh eokhohkm `drkvds admhs "to bmvd

soadtbkhf kh goaaoh", "to sbmrd", "to pmrtkgkpmtd", "to bmvd pmrt kh", "to mgt tofdtbdr", "to

jd kh m gohtrmgtumi rdimtkohsbkp khvoivkhf ojikfmtkoh oc autumi mggouhtmjkikty". Pbkseokhohkm

kh Gbrkst sboui` dajrmgd tbd wboid grdmtkoh (okeouadhd).Mii tbd jdikdvdrs gohtkhud` tofdtbdr kh giosd cdiiowsbkp mh` sbmrd` tbdkr jd

iohfkhfs wktb ohd mhotbdr (Mgts :< 00, PDS).

Pbd froup oc jdikdvdrs wms ohd kh akh` mh` bdmrt. Ho ohd smk` tbmt mhy oc bks

jdiohfkhf wms bks owh, jut tbdy mii sbmrd` wktb ohd mhotbdr dvdrytbkhf tbdy bm` (Mgts

0<7:, PDS).

Cor Bd bms am`d ehowh to us kh mii wksòa mh` khskfbt tbd aystdry oc Bks

wkii, mggor`khf to Bks purposd wbkgb Bd sdt cortb kh Gbrkst ms m pimh cor tbd cuiihdss oc

tkad, to uhktd mii tbkhfs kh Bka, tbkhfs kh bdmvdh mh` tbkhfs oh dmrtb (Dpb. =< ;&=>).

Pbroufb tbd Woh, tbdh, Fo` dgk`d` to jrkhf tbd wboid uhkvdrsd jmge to Bka-

sdic. Fo` am`d pdmgd tbroufb Bks Woh's smgrkckgkmi dmtb oh tbd gross mh` so jroufbt

jmge to Bkasdic mii tbkhfs, jotb oh dmrtb mh` kh bdmvdh (Goi. =<:>,PDS).

:. @kmeohkm (Wdrvkgd, Wmgrkckgd, Woik`mrkty)

Gbrkstkmhs mrd gmiid` mt mii tkads mh` kh mii pimgds to sdrvd Fo` mctdr tbd dxmapid

oc tbd Ior` Ldsus Gbrkst wbo gmad to sdrvd rmtbdr tbmh to jd sdrvd`. Pbd k`dm oc sdrvkgd

ks gdhtrmi to mhy jkjikgmi uh`drstmh`khf oc Gbrkstkmh ikcd mh` akhkstry. Cor dvd tbd Woh oc

Amh k` hot goad to jd sdrvd`5 Bd gmad to sdrvd mh` to fkvd Bks ikcd to rd`dda amhy

pdopid (Ae. =><04, PDS).

Pbd Wpkrkt oc tbd Ior` ks upoh ad, jdgmusd Bd bms mhokhtd` Ad to prdmgb foo`

hdws to tbd poor. Bd bms sdht ad to progimka crddòa cor tbd prksohdrs mh` rdgovdry oc




skfbt cor tbd jikh`, to rdidmsd tbd oppdrdssd`, to progimka tbd ydmr oc tbd Ior`'s cmvour

(Iued 0<=2&=;).

Occdr yoursdivds ms m ikvkhf smgrkckgd to Fo`, d`kgmtd` to Bks sdrvkgd mh` pidms-

khf to Bka. Pbks ks tbd trud worsbkp tbmt you sboui` occdr (Zoa. =:<=j, PDS).

"[ou ò hot jdiohf to yoursdivds jut to Fo`5

Bd joufbt you cor m prkgd. Wo usd your jo`kds cor Fo`'s fiory"

(=Gor. 3<=;j & :>, PDS).

"Idt your ikfbty so sbkhd jdcord adh,

tbmt tbdy amy sdd your foo` wores

mh` fkvd fiory to your Cmtbdr wbo ks kh bdmvdh"

(Att. 4<=3).




PBD GBTZGB MW EOKHOHKM

(M jkjikgmi rdcidgtkoh mt "Hmtkohmi Pbdoiofkgmi Voresbop oh @ksmjkikty @ksgoursd cor

Pbdoiofkgmi Khstktutkohs kh Aymhamr" lokhtiy orfmhkzd` jy Dguadhkgmi @ksmjkiktyM`vogmtds Hdtwore (D@MH/VGG) mh` Mssogkmtkoh cor Pbdoiofkgmi Dùgmtkoh kh

Aymhamr (MPDA) bdi` mt Jdtbmhy Pbdoiofkgmi Wdakhmry,

Jofohd, Khsdkh-[mhfoh, Aymhamr, @dgdajdr =, :>==)

Pbd ohd, ohiy, gmtboikg mh` mpostoikg Gburgb ks skfhm mh` khstruadht oc Fo`'s

khtdhtkoh mh` pimh cor tbd wboid wori`. Pbd Gburgb ks m propbdtkg skfh wbkgb pokhts

jdyoh` ktsdic to tbd purposd oc mii grdmtkoh, tbd cuickiiadht oc tbd Ekhfòa (ruid) oc Fo`.

Cor tbks rdmsoh tbd Ior` Ldsus gmiid` Bks coiiowdrs "tbd ikfbt oc tbd wori`", "tbd smit oc tbd

dmrtb" mh` "m gkty jukit oh m bkii" (gc. Amtt. 4<=7-=3).

Ohd oc tbd jkjikgmi khskfbts oc tbd Gburgb ks "tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst". Mii ada-

jdrs oc tbd Gburgb (tbd Jo`y oc Gbrkst) mrd fkvdh kvdrsd, spdgkckg mh` goapidadh-

tmry fkcts jy tbd Boiy Wpkrkt cor tbd juki`khf up oc tbd Jo`y, tbd Gburgb ms Eokhohkm

(gc. Zoa. =:<0-25 =Gor. =:<=0-7>). Kt ks tbd wkii oc Fo` tbmt tbd goaauhkoh kh

Gbrkst, wbkgb ks rdmikzd` kh tbd Gburgb, sboui` dajrmgd tbd wboid grdmtkoh (gc. Dpb.

=<=>).

Pbd tdra eokhohkm (goaauhkoh, pmrtkgkpmtkoh, cdiiowsbkp, sbmrkhf) ks `d-

rkvd` croa tbd jmskg vdrjmi cora wbkgb admhs "to bmvd soadtbkhf kh goaaoh", "to sbmrd",

"to pmrtkgkpmtd", "to bmvd pmrt kh", "to mgt tofdtbdr" oc "to jd kh m gohtrmgtumi rdimtkohsbkp

khvoivkhf ojikfmtkohs oc autumi mggouhtmjkikty".

Gbrkstkmhs mcckrad` tbmt mii buamh jdkhfs mrd grdmtd` kh tbd kamfd oc Fo`

mh` mrd tbdrdcord oc dqumi wortb mh` vmiud jdcord Fo`. @ksmjid` pdrsohs mrd grd-

mtd` kh tbd kamfd oc Fo` mh` dhòwd` wktb dqumi kfhkty mh` vmiud iked mii otbdr pdrsohs.

Buamh goaauhkty ks kh goapidtd mh` kapdrcdgt wktbout tbd pmrtkgkpmtkoh mh` gohtrkjutkoh

oc tbd ksmjid` pdrsohs. Buamh goaauhkty ks khbdrdhtiy khdrrdimtd`, khtdrgohhdgtd` mh`

khtdr`dpdh`dht.

Kh tbd Fospdi oc Lobh ;<=cc, kh tbd bdmikhf oc m amh jorh jikh`, Ldsus smk` tbmt tbd

amh wms jorh jikh` hot jdgmusd oc tbd skh oc tbd amh hor bks pmrdhts jut tbmt "tbd wores

oc Fo` akfbt jd am`d amhkcdst kh bka" (ZWS) or "tbmt Fo`'s powdr akfbt jd sddh mt



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7>;

wore kh bka" (PDS). Pbd Mpostid mui dxbmustd` kh =Gor. 3<:> tbmt wd sboui` "fiorkcy

Fo` kh our jo`kds" (ZWS) or "usd our jo`kds cor Fo`'s fiory".

Kt ks rdgoaamh`d` tbmt tbdrd mrd mt idmst tbrdd khtdrrdimtd` kadhskohs wbkgb

tbd Gb>urgb gmh o cor mh` wktb tbd ksmjid` pdrsohs5 k.d. (m) tmekhf mii posskjid adm-

surds to prdvdht mhy ekh` oc ksmjkikty, (j) provk`khf prmgtkgmi msskstmhgd to ksmjid` pdr-sohs to dvdiop tbdkr mjkiktkds, (g) worekhf to proaotd tbdkr khtdrfrmtkoh ms cmr ms posskjid

kh horami goaauhkty ikcd.

Ms tbd Mpostid mui smk` kh Fmi. 3<:, idt us "Jdmr ohd mhotbdr's jur`dhs, mh`

so cuickii tbd imw oc Gbrkst" - to iovd ohd mhotbdr ms Gbrkst bms iovd` us (Lobh =7<70),

so tbmt tbd Gburgb amy truiy jdgoad m ikvkhf, gmrkhf, iovkhf, sbmrkhf, bdmikhf mh`

wkthdsskhf goaauhkty (eokhohkm) kh tbd wori`.

Kh tbd jidssd` hmad oc tbd Prkuhd Fo` tbd Goaauhkty oc Pbrdd drsohs

Cmtbdr, Woh, mh` Boiy Wpkrkt.

Madh



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7=>



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7==



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7=:



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF 7=7



BOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHFBOHOZ OC WAKPB H. \M PBMVHF7=0









GOHPZKJTPOZW





























GDZPKCKGMPDW













































































































^BOPOW



















































































































































































































Documents

Spring of the Living Hope