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What is the definition of Forensic Science?
Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws
Explain the Locard Principle.
The locard principle states that every object that comes into contact with another object will exchange evidence. (I.E. Two cars in an
accident will exchange paint samples)
What were the results of the Frye case?
The results of the frye case were that physical evidence would be admissible in
court if it was valid through “general acceptance” by the scientific community.
What is the difference between a coroner and medical examiner?
A medical examiner is a licensed doctor. A coroner is an elected official
Where was the first crime lab in the world?
LYON, FRANCE a town just outside of the Paris city limits.
Discuss the role of an expert witness.
An expert witness is a scientist or doctor who is an expert in the field related to the
evidence they are discussing in court.
What is the chain of custody?
Chain of custody is the detailed list of individuals who have come in contact
with the evidence since collection.
How were most crimes solved before the 1960’s?
Through deductive reasoning skills, great police work, and confessions.
Bullets can be individualized to a weapon by __________. While cartridge cases can be
individualized by marks left by ____________.
STRIATIONS which are produced from THE LANDS AND GROOVES INSIDE
THE BARREL. the FIRING PIN.
Distinguish between gauge (SHOTGUN), caliber (RIFLE/HANDGUN/REVOLVER), land (RAISED PART OF BARREL), groove (CUT OUT PART OF BARREL), striations (MARKS LEFT BY THE BARREL’S
LANDS AND GROOVES ON THE BULLET), breech face (REAR SURFACE OF BULLET CHAMBER), ejector (PART OF GUN THAT THROWS THE CASING OUT), and bore (USED TO CUT LANDS AND
GROOVES INTO THE BARREL).
What type of relationship exists between the amount of gun shot residue and the distance of
fire?
Closer equals more residue and smaller diameter of residue surface, farther
distance equals less residue and more spread out.
To help reconstruct a crime scene the speed, trajectory, size, mass, and manufacturer of a
bullet will all be important.
TRUE
Two common classes of explosives are LOW and HIGH.
High explosives are also broken down into Primary and Secondary
classifications.
Distinguish primary (<1000 m/s) and secondary explosives (>1000 m/s). Primary explosives are used in BLASTING CAPS.
Describe the profile of an arsonist. What are his motives?
VANDALISM, REVENGE, EXCITEMENT, CRIME
CONCEALMENT, PROFIT, EXTREMIST.
Know and be able to identify and describe fire patterns common to an arson scene.
V-SHAPE, INVERTED CONE, PROTECTED AREA, CLEAN BURN,
RUN DOWN BURN, IGNITABLE LIQUID POUR PATTERN.
Understand the common methods of DNA mapping: RFLP, PCR, STR, mtDNA. How do these tests work? SEE ONLINE
TEXTBOOK.
During routine blood typing antigens A AND B are tested. For the ABO group, the most common blood type is O the least is
AB.
Be able to apply genetics to paternity and crime scene blood evidence. Could a type AB mother and a type O father have a B child? YES What
could be the possible genotypes their children? AB, AO, AND BO.
Be able to identify human red and white blood cells and platelets. Which cells do not contain DNA? RED BLOOD
CELLS
Be able to identify a skull based on race.
To determine age from a skull, the OCCIPITAL BONE AND
ZYGOMATIC ARCHES are examined.
How can a female pelvis be distinguished from a male pelvis?
THE ANGLE OF THE PUBIC ARCH IS WIDER ON A FEMALE (>90
DEGREES).
How is the ribcage and shoulders of a male different from a female?.
MALES ARE LARGER AND MORE PRONOUNCED