SPRING 2019

CL 4003 PETROCHEMICALS AND REFINERY ENGINEERING

Lecture 19

Department of Chemical Engineering

Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi1

Continuous Regenerative

(moving bed)

CCR Platforming

UOP Process

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✓ In this process, three or four reactors are installed one on the

top of the other.

✓ UOP has licensed this process under the CCR Platforming

process.

✓ The effluent coming out of each reactor goes through a furnace

before entering the next one. The catalyst moves downward by

gravity from R1 to R2 then R3, and loaded with coke it is taken by

a lift to the top of the regenerator. It goes through the

regenerator by gravity and is afterward sent back to the top of

R1. 3

Platforming UOP Process

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Continuous regenerative reformer (CCR), UOP

Platforming process

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Continuous regenerative reformer (CCR), UOP

Platforming process

✓ The process can be operated at lower hydrogen partial pressure

(PH2 = 3 bar) compared to the semi-generative process (PH2 = 35

bar), with a reformate yield gain of nearly 10 vol%.

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Platforming UOP Process

Typical operating conditions reforming processes

✓ The technology developed by IFP uses the conventional SR

reformer layout of side by side reactors.

✓ The catalyst at the bottom of each reactor is raised by lifts to

the top of the following reactor.

✓ From the last reactor it goes to the regenerator and then back to

the top of the first reactor.

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IFP

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Continuous regeneration reformer (IFP)

✓ Reformates are produced with a very high octane number even

from difficult feeds and without any run duration problems.

✓ Units are operational all year round, regularly producing the

hydrogen that modern refineries constantly need.

✓ Catalysts are more selective, making it possible to improve

yields.

✓ Recycle rates are lower, thereby improving yields and reducing

operating costs.

✓ Operating pressures are significantly lower and this is highly

favourable to gains in reformate and hydrogen yields. 9

Advantages of the Moving Bed

Material Balance Using Empirical Correlations

Catalytic reforming data base were correlated using multiple

regression. Yield correlations for the reformer were developed as

given in Table. The correlation coefficients were in the range of

0.990 – 0.999.

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Material Balance in Reforming

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Material Balance in Reforming

RONF = research octane number of feed; RONR = research octane number of reformate; C5+

vol% = volume percent of reformate yield; SCFB H2 = standard cubic foot of H2produced/barrel of feed; K = characterization factor; TB = absolute mid-boiling of feed, °R; SG= specific gravity of feed; N = napthenes vol % and A = aromatics vol %.

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Material Balance Using Conversion Criteria

If detailed analysis of the reformer feed is known, the feed

conversion can be calculated from the conversion data for each

class of compounds as shown in Tables.

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Example:

100 m3/h of heavy naphtha (HN) with specific gravity of 0.778 has

the following composition: A = 11.5 vol%, N = 21.7 vol% and P =

66.8 vol% is to be reformed to naphtha reformate of RON = 94.

Calculate the yields of each product for that reformer.

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Solution:

Given,

RONR = 94 and (N + 2A) = 44.7%.

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Example:

Heavy naphtha, which has the following detailed analysis in

mol%, is fed to a reformer unit.

Find the composition of the products.

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Solution:

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Example:

The following feed of 100 lb mol/h of naphtha was introduced to a

reformer

Assuming that the main reaction in reforming is the conversion of

paraffin to the corresponding aromatics, Calculate the

composition of reformate produced at 500 °C and 10 bar pressure.

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Solution:

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Solution:

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Solution:

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Solution:

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Solution:

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Example:

The Gibbs free energy of the following reaction at 500 °C and 20

atm is calculated to be -20570 kcal/mol.

Calculate the reaction equilibrium conversion and barrels of

benzene formed per one barrel of cyclohexane.

The hydrogen feed rate to the reactor is 10,000 SCF/bbl of

cyclohexane.

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