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Spring 9 Week Assessment
REVIEW
Which two species are more closely related?
A. bears & raccoonsor
B. raccoons & badgers
Raccoons and badgers
Which species is the most closely related to the guinea pig?
squirrel
Which two species have the most characteristics in common?
Chimpanzee and bonobo
Using the hierarchy of classification to the right, two
species are the most similar if they belong to the same _________.
Genus
Human activities can cause certain species to become extinct, by affecting the species habitat or food supply.
Could species adapt to different surroundings and food over time?
What if the change in food or habitat happened very quickly?
Yes
No, adaptation takes time
Why is overfishing bad?
The fish can’t adapt fast enough
What is it about polar bears that makes it difficult for them to
successfully adapt to habitat & food changes?
Low rate of reproduction.They only have 1-2 cubs every
three years.
When two species try to capture the same resources, what is it called?
competition
Which species according to natural selection will survive?
The species with the best adaptations, which give it an advantage. Survival of the fittest.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common bacteria, fights off competitors by injecting them with toxic
proteins using a needle like puncturing device…
Good competitor
If a bee eats nectar from flowers and pollinates the flowers at the same time, what type of
relationship would it be?
Mutualism, they both get something good.
If desert bats pollinate cactus flowers, where do you think they get their food?
From the cactus!
What type of relationship is it?
MutualismBoth get something good.
Which level provides the most energy?
Grass
Grasshopper
Raccoon
Wolf
Producers
1st Consumer
2nd Consumer
3rd Consumer
If there are 10 kilocalories of energy at the tertiary consumer level in a
habitat, how many kilocalories would be at the producer level?
10 tertiary100 secondary1,000 primary
10,000 producer
In a habitat, horned toads eat ants and ants eat grass. What would happen if the number of horned
toads increased?
The number of ants will decrease & the amount of grass will increase
What would happen if decomposers like earthworms were removed from an
ecosystem?
The cycle will be disrupted and slowed
What trophic level of a food web would be the most damaging if it died out?
producers
Can you explain why?
All the energy in the system starts with the producers. All other levels would run out of food eventually.
What would happen if the bird population increased?
The grasshoppers would decrease and the grass and
snakes would increase
BirdGrass Grasshopper Snake
Fox
Cat
Mouse Rabbit
Grass
Explain which animals would be affected if a disease killed out all the grass.
All would be affected because of lack of food.
What is an example of a herbivore?
Any organism that eats producers. Deer, Rabbit, Mouse etc…..
What are 2 synonyms for producer?
P lants or A utotrophs
Which level contains the herbivores?
BirdGrass Grasshopper Snake
Where do herbivores get their energy?
Producers
How much energy is passed to the next level?
10%
What happens to the other 90%?
Used by the organisms at that level & given off as heat
Is there a limit to the number of trophic levels in a food chain?
Yes
Why?
Most energy is given off as heat
In the nitrogen cycle, what organisms that live in soil and on roots fix or make usable by plants the greatest amount of nitrogen?
Bacteria fix the most nitrogen.
Are bacteria biotic or abiotic?Biotic (living)
What happens to dead animal tissue in an ecosystem?
Becomes nutrients for other organisms
How are viruses and prokaryotes different?
A virus does not replicate on its own, but prokaryotic cells do replicate on
their own.
How do vaccines work?
They induce the body to recognize the pathogen as foreign.
What does AIDs do to a person’s immune system?
Weakens it
What type of cells does HIV attack?
T-lymphocytes
How can a scientist distinguish between virus and bacteria?
A virus attacks the cell’s genetic material, while bacteria use toxins to
kill a cell.
