Upload
hoangkien
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Speaking at Scientific Meetingsp g gPart II – Contents and Technique
y 20
10y,
Jan
uary
ové
Hra
dy
2
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part IIAU
C N
o
Outline
Kinds of lectures
Outline
Kinds of lecturesPreparation of lectureP t f l tParts of lectureAnswers to questionsForm of lectureExamples of tables graphs pictures – good Examples of tables, graphs, pictures good vs. bad
3
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Types of Presentations
Standard (“oral”) presentation in the section Standard ( oral ) presentation in the section (10-20 min)
„Keynote” lecture” (30-45 min)
Pl l (45 60 i )Plenary lecture (45-60 min)
4
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Other forms of presentations
Special seminar (at some institution 30 to 60
Other forms of presentations
Special seminar (at some institution, 30 to 60 min, followed by longer discussion)Course at university (1-2 h every week during semester)semester)Lecture for general public (city hall, radio, TV, l h d )close interaction with audience)
Oration (flowery style allowed)Oration (flowery style allowed)
5
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
h f f l d l h
Form of lectureThe proper form for slides is: simple text with headings, simple figures with little text, photos, simple graphs and tables, simple animation –accompanied by spoken explanation.
Number your slides. In this way you hold control over your performance, keep the schedule and time. If you project long texts in small characters, the audience tends to read it and they do not listen.
6
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Listeners of “visual and acoustic” type
Average listener remembers:20% of what is heard; 20% of what is heard; 30% of what is seen;altogether 50 75% of what is heard and seen at the altogether 50-75% of what is heard and seen at the same time.80% f itt t t (b k ti l )80% of written text (book, article)
7
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Collection of materials (Pools)Files, envelopes, boxes, reprints, books in a drawerdrawerSubdirectory (on computer)Back ups of all materials and electronic filesBack-ups of all materials and electronic files
8© R. Walker 1992
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Preparation of lecture structure
Outline: extent, number and order of slides (depends
p
on the length of lecture)Procedure – Collect, Cut & Paste – pasting parts of the text and figures from other presentations!!! Modify presentation for every lecture (re-cycling)Cutting – in final version you must cut all figures and text which are not necessary, or which cannot be y,shown due to time restriction„Live“ illustrations are always good, as well as good „Live illustrations are always good, as well as good sense of humor.
9
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
1 h d d h k ( f k)
Contents of lecture
1. Why you did this work (Aim of work)2. How you did it and what you used (Methodology)3. What you found (Results)4. What you think it means (Conclusions)5. Finally, thank the audience (5 words)!!! Leave time for discussion
10
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The schedule of lecture
(i) Start & Introduction (about 10% of time)
(ii) Main part - Essay, the ‘core’ of lecture (about 80% of time) )
(iii) Conclusions (about 10%)(i ) Dis ssi ( s ll 3 5 mi )(iv) Discussion (usually 3-5 min)
11
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Parts of lecture Parts of lecture
12
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part IJ. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Introductory party p(10% of time)
Approaching the desk, technical manipulation,unexpected problemsp pThe title is important (it must say what the talk will beabout))Thank your organisers, collaborators, supervisor,sponsors, etc.p ,Outline of lecture (just show contents)Main idea of the lecture - aim, hypothesis, question –f m, yp , qimportant to repeat/stress main idea several timesduring the lecture
13
during the lecture
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Main part - Essay(80% of time)(80% of time)
This part should take most of your timeThis part should take most of your time.
“State-of-the-art” - short overview from literatureState-of-the-art - short overview from literature
Methods – ResultsMethods Results
Methods – don’t go to details, the audience can ask during Methods don t go to details, the audience can ask during discussion after lecture. Explain just new, important procedures –briefly, the best way is a schematic diagramp y, y gResults – explain in pictures, photographs, graphs, tables, diagrams, accompanied by the title and short text
14
g p y
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Results
Don’t go to statistical details and complex calculations if it is not the aim of the lectureit is not the aim of the lecture.The audience must trust that your figures are correctThe graph is always better than even simple table More The graph is always better than even simple table. More results and numbers, more suitable is a graph.Colour graphs are better than B&WColour graphs are better than B&W.Don’t read figures in the table, just show and point out some differences e g this number is by 30% higher some differences, e.g. this number is by 30% higher than the other one, this figure after treatment is twice bi th th t i th t l l ti ) bigger than that in the control population). You can also suggest what you plan as the next step, but b f l t t h th i
15be careful not to uncover your new hypothesis.
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Th l t h ld d t d i j t t Conclusions (10%)
The lecture should graduate and is just necessary to prepare for GRAND FINALE – CONCLUSIONS – the
i f th di th t’ h th main message for the audience, that’s why they come to listen. Th h f ll h This part you have to present very carefully, in the most understandable way.It should answer the question or hypothesis open at the beginning. The conclusions of the lecture must be concise and clear and should provoke some discussion.Finally, the listener should obtain take-home message.Close the lecture clearly, just thanking audience.
16("thank you for attention").
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The discussion with the audience
Don’t be afraid of discussion, give some impulses Don t be afraid of discussion, give some impulses during your lecture. In this way you can anticipate potential questionsIn this way you can anticipate potential questions.
17
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Th i d i / f lThe questions during/after lecture
How to ask & answer questions ?
Briefly and clearlyPolitelyPolitelyDon’t take all time for discussion.Don’t be afraid, you ask to learn something.
18
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The answers to questionsThe answers to questions
How to answerHow to answerPraise the question (e.g. interesting idea, good question) you gain timequestion) – you gain time.Don’t rush, do 3-5 sec pause to think over), show
f l d some of your slides again. Answer briefly. Don’t be afraid of “I don’t know”, “I’ve not done this experiment”.pDon’t quarrel.Ask the audience
19
Ask the audience.
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Saving and transport of filesSaving and transport of files
Compatibility of computer systems
• Flash disk, CD disk, hard disk, floppy disk
• FTP server e-mail box• FTP server, e-mail box
20
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The graphical design of presentation Th i f h
Titl (b ld 28 32 pt)
The size of characters
Title (bold, 28-32 pt)
b l (b ld 26 28 )Subtitle (bold, 26-28 pt)
Text normal 1 (18 pt) – too small
Text normal 2 (20 pt) - acceptable
Text normal 3 (22 pt) - good
Text normal (24 pt) even better21
Text normal (24 pt) – even better
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
GB USA t tGB, USA – monotype system
Typographic units1 i t ( t) 0 351 point (pt) = 0.35 mm1 pica (pc) = 12 points = 4.2 mm
The size of characters1 garmont = 10 points1 cicero = 12 points = 4.2 mmp1 double-cicero = 24 points
22
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The text font for presentationThe text font for presentation
Better readible is serif face (Times New Roman) or (C i S MS) th if G thi f (A i l(Comic Sans MS) than sans serif, Gothic face (Arial, Tahoma)Do not combine fonts in the text.Emphasis can be put as bold, italics, in colour, not CAPITALS or underline.
23
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
SlidesThe heading for each slide (>26 pt)Slid t b i f ti b t t d t il d (li t Slide must be informative, but not detailed (listener can read usually 20-40 words). The text must be large enough from the back of the room The text must be large enough from the back of the room (> 18-20 pt).
Use simple figures with little text some animationUse simple figures with little text, some animation.If you talk, avoid passive sentences. It is recommended to use first-person singular or plural.use first person singular or plural.Try to avoid foreign words (mostly Latin origin) or complex expressions which are difficult to pronounce.p p
24
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Background, coloursBackground – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyesbright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different background can separate various parts of the lecture. p pUse colour curves in graphs.Written text can be separated by colours according to p yimportance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).g )Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.
In the slide, erase all text and figures which will not be mentioned.
25
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II25
Background, colours
Background – better paler undertones, than dark or
Background, colours
Background better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different
k d f h l background can separate various parts of the lecture. Use colour curves in graphs.W b d b l d Written text can be separated by colours according to importance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.
2626J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Background, colours
Background – better paler undertones, than dark or
Background, colours
Background better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different
k d f h l background can separate various parts of the lecture. Use colour curves in graphs.W b d b l d Written text can be separated by colours according to importance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.
2727J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Background, colours
Background – better paler undertones, than dark or
Background, colours
Background better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different
k d f h l background can separate various parts of the lecture. Use colour curves in graphs.W b d b l d Written text can be separated by colours according to importance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.
2828J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Background, colours
Background – better paler undertones, than dark or
Background, colours
Background better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for eyes.Be careful with colours: using the different
k d f h l background can separate various parts of the lecture. Use colour curves in graphs.W b d b l d Written text can be separated by colours according to importance (better readible is black or blue text than red or green).Don’t use dull colours as yellow, orange or grey.
2929J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Examples !!!
The colour of background and text
• Background – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for your eyes
Colour of background and text
• Background – better paler undertones, than dark or bright colours which are unpleasant for your eyescolours which are unpleasant for your eyes
30
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Examples of tables, graphs, pictures
• In your lecture, don’t use tables and figures prepared f ti l hi h f ll f d tfor an article, which are full of data.
• Prepare a table or a graph showing only selected data or curves.
31
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Table must have a title, usually just 4 columns and 4-6 lines, all figures should be round off, just necessary number of decimal
l i h E
Synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) and
places, without ± SEYes !!!
Synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) andhigh irradiance measured in broad bean (Vicia faba).Water content (RWC) and max. photochemical yield ofPS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport throughPS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport throughPhotosystem 2 (PS2 ET) in chloroplasts
Treatment RWC F /F ET PS2 Treatment RWC (%)
FV/FM ET PS2 (%)
Control 100 0.85 100
D ht t t d 40 0 81 35Drought treated 40 0.81 35
Drought + high 30 0.65 10
34
Drought high irradiance treated
30 0.65 10
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Modification of the previous table – better, Various trials are in columns, variables in lines
Good !!! The synergistic effect of drought (water deficiency) and high irradiance measured in broad bean (Vicia faba). Water content (RWC) and maximum photo-chemical yield of PS2 (FV/FM) in leaves; electron transport through Photosystem 2 (PS2 ET) in chloroplasts.
Control Drought treated
Drought+high irradiance Treatmenttreated
%RWC 100 40 30
F /F 100 95 76FV/FM 100 95 76
PS2 ET 100 35 10
35
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Example
Good table max 4 columns × 6 lines36
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Good table – max. 4 columns × 6 lines
Overview of Chl fluorescence parameters from literature
Yes !!!Self-explaining p m f mf p g
37
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Graph• The graph must be well described (self-explaining),
technical font (Arial), better lower case letters than CAPITALS.
• The characters must be large enough, to be visible from the back of the lecture room (14-20pt)
• Maximum is 5 curves, better thick (0.5-06 mm) than thin and well distinguishable, best in colour.
• Units SI, e.g. xanthophylls [mg mg-1(Chl)], or mg/mg Chl• If you compare two graphs – keep the same scale and
units on axes, same colours and symbols of curves for ysame parameters
38
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The diel course of solar irradiance focused by Fresnel lenses in the high-irradiance photobioreactor
May - JuneJuly - AugustSeptember
Graph dimensions
R ti s-1
] 6000
Septemberambient lightMarch - April
Ratio height/width
= 3:4
mol
m-2
s
4000
5000= 3:4
ance
[μm
2000
3000
Irrad
ia
1000
2000
Day time8 10 12 14 16 18
39
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Day time
Non-photochemical quenching vs. X-cycleRelationship between Ax+Zx and NPQ
Figure for oral t tipresentation
40
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Changes of Chl fluorescence induction during diel cycle
preliminary graph from
E l Excel calculation
42
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
-1]
0.25
V-1]
0.25
V
LecturePaper
V [ μ
mol
s-
0.15
0.20
V /2 V = Vmax * [S] / (Km +[S])
Vmax
V [ μ
mol
s-
0.15
0.20
V /2
Vmax
0.05
0.10Vmax/2
[Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751
V Vmax [S] / (Km +[S])
0.05
0.10Vmax/2
[Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751
V = Vmax * [S] / (KM +[S])
S [μ mol ATP]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00
KM
S [μ mol ATP]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00
KM
Wrong figurem
ol s
-1]
0 30
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.40
Wrong figureV
[μm
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.30
Vmax
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
Vmax/2 [Equation] y = a*x/(b+x)
a = Vmax = 0.2115b = KM = 14.6751
V = Vmax * [S] / (Km +[S])
43S [μ mol ATP]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500.00
KM
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
contrstress1 0
biomass content vs. daytimePossibleR tistress
1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17
1.0
mg
L-1 ]
contrstress
Ratioh/w = 3:4
0.5
Dry
wei
ght [
0.09 13 17 9 13 17
Time of day [h]Day 1 Day 2
contrstress
9 13 17 9 13 174
5
contrt
biomass content vs. daytime Badcontr
3.0
1 ]
biomass content vs. daytime
Bad
1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17
3
4
ght [
mg
L-1 ]
stressstress
1st day 2nd day9 13 17 9 13 17
1.0
2.0
wei
ght [
mg
L-
contrstress
1
2
Dry
wei
g0.0D
ry w
9 13 17 9 13 17
Time of day [h]Day 1 Day 2
44
09 13 17 9 13 17
Day 1 Day 2
y [ ]
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Suitable
bl
40Zdroje emisí CO2
Unsuitable
%
30
%
10
20
0
10
DomácnostiElektrárny Průmysl
Doprava DomácnostiDoprava
46
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Diel trends of PS and ETR of waterblooms in fishpond Opatovicky
Example
hl) h
-1]
8001000
120150
A 8001000
hl) h
-1]
D
in fishpond Opatovicky
O2
mg-1
(Ch
m-2
s-1]
0200400600
306090
08:30 0200400600
2 m
g-1
(Ch
08:30n
[ μm
ol O
R [ μm
ol e
-00
08:30
400600800
90120B
0
400600800
[ μm
ol O
2
E
n ev
olut
ion
ETR
0200400
03060
10:30 0200400
evol
utio
n
10:30
F
PS o
xyge
n
S ox
ygen
e
200400600800
6090120C
200400600800 F
P PS
10 100 1000
0200
030
log Irradiance
17:000 30 60 90 120150
0200
ETR [ μmol e- m-2 s-1]
17:00
48
og ad a ce[ μmol photon m-2 s-1]
ETR [ μmol e m s ]
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
C t ti f i t i
Example
Concentration of isoproturon in soil extracts measured
as activity of PSII biosensoras activity of PSII biosensorFluorescence parametr 1-Vj
SE error lines not necessary !!!
1 kg isoproturon / hectarSoil extracts were prepared from
three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) of soil profile on Day 42 61 and cm) of soil profile on Day 42, 61 and 76 after the herbicide application
50
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Schematic diagram of structural organisation of the photosynthetic membraneExample
PSII complex is separated by heptylthioglucosidep
H bicid Herbicide binding site
40 Å40 Å
51
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Schematic diagram of structural organisation of the photosynthetic membraneExample photosynthetic membranep
ATP synthesis
52
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II52
I bili ti f PSII l th f Example
Immobilisation of PSII complex on the surface of screen-printed Pt/Ag-AgCl electrode
PSII complexpreparationpreparation
Glutaraldehyde + BSA+ y+ Glycerol, MES pH 6.5+
Immobilisation k lon Pt working electrode
(artificial PSII membrane)
Printed electrode Pt/Ag-AgCl
53
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Control of cultivation process software ALGOTRON v. 4.05 (based on LabView)
Example
Control, adjustment and record of cultivation condition - pH, dissolved O2,temperature, CO2 supply, mixing, irradiance, turbidity, Chl fluorescence
54
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Horizontal tubular photobioreactor (monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence on-line)l l h l d k l
Example
Micro-algal Biotechnology, Sde Boker, Negev Desert, Israel
55
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Set-up of Microflow UnitExample
www.bvt.cz
Temperated chamber with liquid sample and red LED illumination
The core of the Microflow Unit The core of the Microflow Unit with a biosensor slot, impeller,
micro-channel and LED illumination
56
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Cells of green alga Pleurastrum sarcinoideumExample
Healthy culture
Stressed cells – N-deficiency high-lightStressed cells – N-deficiency, high-light
10 μm
57
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Proposed structure of bioactive compoundE l Th i hibit f A t l h li t Example The inhibitor of Acetylcholine esterase
from Nostoc sp. (strain No. 17)
CH3
689 -(Arg)
HTyr Ileu
573 -(Ileu)
NH
OH
NH
N
OCH3
NH NHNH
NH2
ArgU
OOO OH
CH3
NHNH
ON
NH
[M+H]+865
N-MetAla
g
CH3
O
NH NH
O
865
176
Lys
H 176395
-(Lys-U-H2O)
Phe
58
Phe
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Center of Biological TechnologiesProjectExample
Bioincubator Nové HradyPHARE Cross-border
C ti P
j
Co-operation Programme Project No. CZ 01.11.01.01
Solar technology
Greenhouse with solar concentrators
59
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Di f th t 4 it
Two-stage solar photobioreactor (400-450 litres)Example Diagram of the system – 4 units
Low-irradiance facade panels – 9 m2, 30 metres of tubes, volume – 100 LHigh-irradiance roof panels – 15 m2, 48 metres of tubes,volume – 100-120 L
Example
Roof - tilted unitsRoof tilted units(angle 42°)
Vertical -wall units
HeatDegasser
Heatpump
60
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part I
Water reservoirs for heating & cooling
Experimental tubular photobioreactor
b d l t t
Example
based on solar concentratorsTests in 2002-2003
The prototype of a closed, p yp ,tubular photobioreactor was
designed, operated successfully
Technical data
and patented.
Technical dataCultivation loop: 27 metres of glass tubes on a movable frame.
- Total volume: 65 litres in one unit,9 2 f F l l9 m2 area of Fresnel lenses- Maximum irradiance: Up to 6 000 micromol photon m-2s-1
61
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Up to 6,000 micromol photon m s
Processing line – microalgal biomass treatmentExample of procedure description in schematic diagram
Processing line microalgal biomass treatment
C if i d hi Centrifugation and washing of algal cells
Desintegration of algal cells Spray & heat drying
- Pharmacology - medicinePharmacology medicine- Cosmetics - Human food additives- Animal feed (e g aquacultures)Product use
62Pure dried biomass of algae- Animal feed (e.g. aquacultures)
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
Fractionation of algal biomass – extraction &Example of procedure description in schematic diagram
gpurification of high value compounds from algae
BIOMASSH2O Organic
WATER EXTRACT LIPIDFRACTION
(PROTEINS, NA)
H2O gsolvents
F
chromatography
Hight molecular Low molecular gweight compounds weight compounds
Ion-exchange chromatography Neutral lipids
Phospho lipids
Glyco lipids
Neutral compounds
Acidiccompounds
Basic compounds
p pp
Organic solvents
63RP-HPLCJ. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
During the actinic light exposure, the continuous excitation keeps some of the PSII RC’s closedexcitation keeps some of the PSII RC s closed
QA- QA
- QA- QA
- QA- QA
-
(courtesy of L Nedbal)64
(courtesy of L. Nedbal)
• Institute of Physical Biology University of South Bohemia Nové Hrady
Acknowledgement to co-workers• Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Nové Hrady• Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science, Třeboň• Company ENVI Ltd.,Třeboňp y
Giuseppe TorzilloI tit t l St di d li E i t i Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, C.N.R., Firenze, ItalyAvigad VonshakgMicroalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University, Sede-Boker, Israel
Support• Ministry of Education• EC – PHARE Cross-border Cooperation Programme• Czech Science Foundation• Czech Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council of Italy
65
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
• Czech Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council of Italy
Thank you for tt nti n attention …
Jiří Masojídek
Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Nové HradyI tit t f Mi bi l A d f S i Tř b ň Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Třeboň
Czech Republic
66
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
The End of Part IIThe End of Part IIThe End of Part IIThe End of Part II
© J. Čapek
67
J. Masojídek: Speaking - part II
© J. Čapek