Spotlight: Personal Natural Spotlight: Personal Natural Resource Consumption Resource Consumption

ProfilerProfiler

Younghun Kim, Zainul Charbiwala, Akhilesh Singhania, Thomas Schmid, Mani B. Srivastava

Networked and Embedded Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles

{kimyh, zainul, akhi, thomas.schmid, mbs}@ucla.edu

OutlineOutline

• Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

• Introduction of SPOTLIGHTIntroduction of SPOTLIGHT

• System ArchitectureSystem Architecture

• Prototype ImplementationPrototype Implementation

• EvaluationEvaluation

• ConclusionConclusion

Problem DefinitionProblem Definition

• Severe natural disasters due to Severe natural disasters due to global climate changesglobal climate changes

• An urge to optimize resource An urge to optimize resource consumption due to natural resource consumption due to natural resource crisis.crisis.

• Household level and monthly basis Household level and monthly basis resource consumption measurement resource consumption measurement Very vague Very vague

MotivationMotivation

• Individual wants to have fine grained Individual wants to have fine grained information of the resource information of the resource consumption.consumption.

• Study shows individuals are willing to Study shows individuals are willing to conserve energy.conserve energy.

• Measurement of energy, water, and Measurement of energy, water, and other resources at person level.other resources at person level.

Introduction of SPOTLIGHTIntroduction of SPOTLIGHT

• Resource measuring system using Resource measuring system using sensor network technology.sensor network technology.

• Estimating an individual’s personal Estimating an individual’s personal resource consumption profiler.resource consumption profiler.

• Use commercially available Use commercially available componentscomponents

• Currently focusing on electrical Currently focusing on electrical energy.energy.

Resource Monitoring Subsystem Resource Monitoring Subsystem (1/3)(1/3)

• Examples of available technologies: Examples of available technologies: Power and gas meters for Power and gas meters for apartments. apartments.

• Problem: Information not at per Problem: Information not at per individual level.individual level.

Resource Monitoring Subsystem Resource Monitoring Subsystem (2/3)(2/3)

• Challenges:Challenges:– ScalabilityScalability– AccuracyAccuracy– Non-obstructive due to aesthetic, Non-obstructive due to aesthetic,

privacy and security concerns.privacy and security concerns.

Resource Monitoring Subsystem Resource Monitoring Subsystem (3/3)(3/3)

• Aims to profile energy consumption Aims to profile energy consumption of each appliance based on the of each appliance based on the status of an appliance and total status of an appliance and total consumption.consumption.

Activity Monitoring Activity Monitoring SubsystemSubsystem• Identify Identify whowho and and whatwhat activities activities

happened in the area of interest.happened in the area of interest.• Existing activity recognition Existing activity recognition

approaches but issue of mass approaches but issue of mass deployment due to complexity and deployment due to complexity and cost reason still persists.cost reason still persists.

• Aims to fuse information from both Aims to fuse information from both activity and resource monitoring to activity and resource monitoring to improve accuracy.improve accuracy.

Resource Management Resource Management SubsystemSubsystem

• Fuse data provided by resource Fuse data provided by resource monitoring and activity monitoring monitoring and activity monitoring subsystemssubsystems

• Provide persuasive resource usage Provide persuasive resource usage reportreport

• Employ Smart Resource Controller to Employ Smart Resource Controller to improve resource saving.improve resource saving.

Prototype Implementation Prototype Implementation (1/2)(1/2)

• Monitor the power consumption in a Monitor the power consumption in a small household.small household.

• Participating appliances: Lighting, Participating appliances: Lighting, coffee machine and TV.coffee machine and TV.

• Regards physical proximity and the Regards physical proximity and the appliance status as an activity appliance status as an activity indicator.indicator.

Prototype Implementation Prototype Implementation (2/2)(2/2)

• MicaZ:MicaZ:– Used to for sensing proximity of the user to Used to for sensing proximity of the user to

the appliancethe appliance– Communicating with SPOTLIGHT serverCommunicating with SPOTLIGHT server– Connected to the serial interface of power Connected to the serial interface of power

metermeter

2. Sends out RSSI 2. Sends out RSSI and Power and Power MeasurementMeasurement

1. Sends out beacon messages1. Sends out beacon messages

3. Identify user proximity and 3. Identify user proximity and individual electrical energy individual electrical energy consumptionconsumption

Deployment SettingDeployment Setting

Evaluation of RSSI based Activity Evaluation of RSSI based Activity RegionRegion

• Define the a rough activity regionDefine the a rough activity region

• Traverse along the boundaries and Traverse along the boundaries and the system averages RSSI for initial the system averages RSSI for initial calibration.calibration.

• Issues tokens, an indication of Issues tokens, an indication of current activity.current activity.

Comparison With Ground Comparison With Ground TruthTruth

• Installed cameras monitoring the Installed cameras monitoring the activity regions.activity regions.

• Provided information of who was Provided information of who was present in the activity region.present in the activity region.

Comparison With Ground Comparison With Ground TruthTruth

Energy Consumption ReportEnergy Consumption Report

Energy Consumption ReportEnergy Consumption Report

Future WorkFuture Work

• Measuring water consumption of a Measuring water consumption of a household.household.

• Using accelerometer connected to Using accelerometer connected to the water pipe.the water pipe.

• Vibration of the pipe is a good Vibration of the pipe is a good indicator of how much water flows indicator of how much water flows through the pipethrough the pipe

ConclusionConclusion

• Providing information on resource consProviding information on resource consumption is meaningful for inducing resoumption is meaningful for inducing resource-conserving behavioral changesurce-conserving behavioral changes

• Such a system needs to fuse different eSuch a system needs to fuse different embedded sensing system, machine learmbedded sensing system, machine learning technique and algorithmning technique and algorithm