Sponsored by

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

DARPA Order No. 2551

Disclaimer: Neither the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency nor theAir Force Technical Applications Center will be responsible for informationcontained herein which has been supplied by other organizations orI contractors, and this document is subject to later revision as may benecessary. The views and conclusions presented are those of the authorsand should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the officialpolicies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency, the Air Force Technical Applications Center, or the USGovernment.

SEISMIC DATA ANALYSIS CENTER FINAL REPORT

SEISMIC DATA ANALYSIS CENTER REPORT NO.: SDAC-TR-80-1

AFTAC Project Authorization No.: VELA T/9706/B/PMP

Project Title Seismic Data Analysis Center

ARPA Order No.: 2551

Name of Contractor: TELEDYNE GEOTECH

Contract No.: F08606-79-C-0006

Date of Contract: 01 October 1978

Amount of Contract $1,868,984

Contract Expiration Date: 30 September 1979

Project Manager: Robert R. Blandford(703) 836-3882

P.O. Box 334, Alexandria, Virginia 22314

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

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ABSTRACT

The operation and maintenance of the Seismic Data Analysis Center (SDAC)

are summarized for the contract year beginning 1 October 1978 and ending

30 September 1979. Reported are the statistics relating to computer usage;

information relating to the maintenance, programming, data services,

data availability; and the effort to expand the research systems at the

facility.

-3-

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 3

LIST OF FIGURES 5

LIST OF TABLES 6

I. INTRODUCTION 7

Facility Overview 7Authority 13

II. OPERATIONS 14

III. PROGRAMMING 23

Communications and Control Processor (CCP) 23Detection Processing System (DPS-360/40A) 25Network Event Processor (NEP-360/40B) 25Batch Processor (IBM 360/44) 27

Interactive Processor (DEC PDP-15/50) 29

IV. MAINTENANCE 30

CCP 31PDP-11/35 31PDP-15/50 32

PDP-11/70 32Terminals 32Plotters 32Analog 32General 32

V. DATA SERVICES 35

VI. SDAC DATA MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 38

Data Retrieval and Analysis System (PDP-ll/70) 38Sandia Prototype Seismic Station Data 39

VII. CONTROLLED OPERATIONS 43

VIII. A/D EQUIPMENT 45

-4-

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1 SDAC Computer Facility 8

2 Analyst Station 9

3 Data Flow 10

4 VELANET Data Files Sent to the Mass Store 22

5 Regional Station Input System 41

6 Controlled Area 45

1-5-

- .. .. . . . 'V - "

LIST OF TABLES

Page

I CCP Dowjntimes 15

II DPS Downtimes 16

III 40B Utilization 17

IV Distribution of 360/44 Block Time (In Runs) 18

V Distribution of 360/44 Block Time (In Hours) 19

VI ENSCO TS44 Utilization in Percent 20

VII PDP-11/70 21

VIII Yearly Summary of Maintenance Activities/System 34

-6-

I. INTRODUCTION

This final report summarizes the operation and maintenance of the

computer systems at the Seismic Data Analysis Center (SDAC) in Alexandria,

Virginia. The work performed to augment and expand the online and re-

search systems is also reported. Other activities, such as facility improve-

ments, demonstrations, operations, and data services are also discussed.

Chapter II is a consolidation of the statistics relating to the usage

and reliability of the real-time and batch processor systems. It also ftabulates the data that has been analyzed and reported in our Seismic Event

Bulletin and sent to the mass store. Chapter III reviews the programming

activities for all of the systems except the recently acquired PDP-lI/70.

Chapter IV details the maintenance performed during the year and discusses

some of the important equipment malfunctions. The activities of data services

and the institutions and agencies receiving data from the SDAC are given in

Chapter V. Chapter VI discusses the development of a system to receive real-

time data from a prototype seismic station and the effort expended on the

PDP-l1/70. The facility changes to increase the controlled areas are given

in Chapter VII. Finally, a system used for the Seismic Data Collection System

was acquired for analog to digital conversion use at SDAC. The installation

and programming of this system are described in Chapter VIII.

Facility Overview

At the conclusion of the contract, the major computer systems consisted

of an IBM 360/44, two IBM 360/40's, a DEC PDP-15/50, a DEC PDP-11/70, a

Communication Processor, and a DEC PDP-11/35 to support the routine analysis

of seismic data. Some of these systems are shown in the photograph as Figure

I. Figure II is a photograph of the system used by the analyst to produce

the daily bulletin.

Real-time data were received from NORSAR, Alaska, Pinedale Wyoming,

Albuquerque New Mexico, and the prototype NSS system located in Tennessee.

These data were used in bulletin preparation and augmented with data from

the United Kingdom, the Yellow Knife Array, the Canadian Network, and

selected stations reported by the National Earthquake Information Service.

Data services routinely accepted and catalogued data from 13 SRO/ASRO sites,

KSRS, and for a limited time, ILPA.

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The IBM 360/44 is used as a batch processor. It supports the bulk of

the research efforts and is used extensively by data services. The DEC

PDP-15/50 is considered an interactive processor. It is used as a "stand

alone" system by investigators. The system allows the user to view wave-

forms on a display screen to determine the quality of the data and perform

processes such as filtering, spectra, and signal measurements.

The remaining systems are used to gather, analyze, and store the real-

time and early reporting data. The functions performed by these systems

are depicted in Figure 3. The upper left corner of the figure shows the

real-time data stream from the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), Alaska (ALK),

Pinedale (PWY), and an experimental site in Tennessee (NOI). These data

go into the Communications and Control Processor (CCP) where they are

formatted for subsequent processing and are monitored by the operators for

data and transmission quality. Most of the long-period data (one sample!

second) are sent in real-time to the Data Computer operated by the Computer

Corporation of America CCCA) in Boston, Massachusetts, where they are recorded

on a Mass Storage device. All of the data, short-period, long-period,

waveform segments, and status information are also routed to the Detection

Processing System (DPS).

The DPS records this data stream on standard magnetic tape and performs detec-

tions on selected short-period data channels and records them on a disk shared with

the Network Event Processor (NEP) and on the same data tape as the real-time data.

With these functions accomplished, the real-time portion of the system ends.

The NEP system is used for the routine analysis. Its inputs consist

of the detections recorded on the shared disk by the DPS, the tapes containing

the waveforms recorded by the DPS, and, after about 10 days, data

reported by other agencies. This external data consists of signal start

time picks by other analysts and detection lists from other automatic detectors.

These data sources include the National Earthquake Information Services

(NEIS), the United Kingdom (UK), the Yellowknife Array (YKA), and the Canadian

Network (CANSAM). The analyst reviews the alphanumeric arrival information

and the waveforms recorded by the DPS to determine the locations, depths, and

origin times of the various events causing the signals. The analyst interacts

with the data and has the ability to manipulate the waveforms by scrolling in

time, overlaying traces on each other, apply filters, and automatically measure

-11-

start times and amplitudes from a graphics display. At the conclusion of

his work a file is created containing the events he has formed, the data

associated to the events with the results of the event location calculations

(distance, azimuth, residuals, etc.) and other arrival data not correlated

to a specific source. This file is also sent to CCA and archived for future

use.

After about a three month delay, all of the data from the Seismic

Research Observatories (SRO's) that have been received by the United States

Geological Survey (USGS) are sent to CCA and merged into the event files

created by the analyst. The SRO data consists of waveform segments of

detections from SP channels and continuous LP data.

The resulting files can then be accessed by authorized users on the

ARPANET. Not shown in this figure is the DEC PDP-11/70 which is the SDAC

ARPANET connection. Researchers and investigators wanting the seismic

files at CCA would use the DEC 11/70 for such data requests.

The program activities on the real-time systems dealt mostly with

program changes caused by reconfiguring the real-time data input data.

Programming effort was also devoted to increasing the efficiency and relia-

bility of the code by removing references to LASA. Experiments on the

detector were performed that required software support. Changes to the input

data stream also required programming efforts on the batch systems. Programs

were also established to support the VELA link with other data sources.

Data services created several data sets and provided data or information

to 38 agencies, institutionsor contractors.

Although very little hardware was added to the facility under this

contract, significant software effort was expended on the DEC PDP-ll/70 and

a processor to input data from a new site.

The highlight of the year was a visit by a delegation of scientists and

engineers from the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. Their visit was

prompted by the consideration of installing seismic sites within the USSR.

Their U.S. tour included visits to Lincoln Labs, the Sandia Corporation in

Albuquerque, the prototype site in Tennessee, and finally the SDAC. The

-12-

briefings at this facility included conferences describing the online SDAC

systems and demonstrations of the NEP and mass store retrieval systems.

The news media were present and the visit was publicized on the NBC Evening

News.

Authority

This work was performed for contract number F08606-79-C-0006. The

project was authorized by VT/9706/B/PMP. This report is submitted in

accordance with data item 010A2 of the contract.

-13-

II. OPERATIONS

The computer systems at the SDAC are operated in several ways. An

IBM 360/44 computer is used by the scientist in a batch mode of operation.

Jobs are run using either remote terminals or by submitting card decks. A

DEC PDP-15/50 is used interactively. Seismic traces are displayed on a video

terminal and the researcher verifies the data and performs some time series

analysis functions. The real-time data recording and analysis systems are

also supported by operations. These systems are operated continuously and

monitored for correctness and availability of data, reliability of comimuni-

cation lines, and operating conditions of the CCP, DPS, and NEP systems.

All systems have routine maintenance performed and require some degree

of repair. Significant malfunction occurred in the interfaces between the

360/40B (NEP) and the PDP-llf 35, in the 360/44 to the CCP, and in the

PDP-11/70 to the ARPANET. The interface problem between the 360/40B and

PDP-11/35 was not corrected; its error rate is marginally acceptable for

routine use. The other interface errors were corrected.

About 95 hours of downtime on the 360/44 were caused by a voltage

fluctuation in the power to the 360/44. This problem was very elusive and

required numerous specialists from IBM field service to locate. The problem

subsided and eventually went away without a known correction being made.

Downtime on the 11/70 amounted to 270 hours. The cause was the failure

of several major components. Most of this 11/70 system is maintained under

vendor contract. Difficulty in obtaining spare parts and people familiar

with the system caused the excessive delay.

Statistics concerning the operation of the systems are tabulated in

this chapter. Tables I and II show that the CCP and DPS operated continuously

97% of the contract year. Table III gives NEP utilization. Table IV gives

360/44 utilization in number of runs per user. Table V shows the distribu-

tion of 360/44 block time by operating system. Table VI gives ENSCO's

computer usage for the contract period, PDP-11/70 usage is given in Table

VII. Preparation of the seismic bulletin continued. Figure 4 shows the

data sent to the mass store.

-14-

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-22-

III. PROGRAMMING

The programming effort was directed primarily toward maintaining th,-

operational status of the Communication and Control Processor (CC'P), the

Detection Processing System (DPS), and the Network Event Processor (NEP).

Programming support was also provided to Data Services, ENSCO, and VSC

using the IBM 360/44 and the PDP-15/50.

In general, the programming consisted of maintaining existing systems

rather than producing any major new program or other software capability.

Many improvements, corrections, and enhancements were made to all systems.

Changing data sources and input configurations also required system support

and program modifications.

The following sections summarize the significant programming accomplished

on the various systems.

Communications and Control Processor (CCP)

The CCP was operated continuously during the contract period. It supplied

the Seismic Input Processor (SIP) at CCA and the DPS with continuous seismic

data for recording and processing. Using this system our operations staff was

able to monitor the data flowing into the SDAC and maintain records concerning

reliability and availability of the real time data. The operation of this

system was interrupted only for hardware malfunctions and development effort.

Program version 155 was running at the beginning of the contract.

Version 214 was implemented at the end and it reflected numerous changes and

improvements.

The most significant changes were to: accommodate a SRO data channel

from Albuquerque, New Mexico, which was added to the data stream from the

Pinedale, Wyoming site; remove all code referencing LASA from the system to

simplify the program and gain processor speed and memory; and format NORSAR

data for the HDT at PAFB and transmit it in real time to the system. Other

changes were made to accommodate data from the National Seismic Station

(NSS) prototype system. The effort relating to the CCP to accept NSS data

is given in Chapter VI.

-23-

IkLo

A summary of the changes and improvements that were made to the CCP are

as follows:

o Parameters were modified to accept data from the SRO site.

o Transmission protocol of data block headers was modified so that

they would not span message boundaries.

o Protocol and code was added to transmit NORSAR EPX and SEISMO data

(input from the 360/44) to PAFB. (Code and protocol defined).

o A new operator command 'RESET' was added to clear the PAFB communica-

tion path.

o All code referencing LASA was removed.

o The problem with intermittent halts was fixed.

o A two bit shift to the real time NORSAR data sent to PAFB was implemented.

o Changes to the Alaskan channel configuration were made.

o The VELANET protocol to the DPS was improved.

o A correction was made to prevent the seven-second time gap which was

occurring hourly.

o Load time default values were changed to reduce CCP statistical

printouts.

o Task priorities were improved. The Pseudo Interrupt Devices (PID)

levels for the Host Line Interface (HLC) and Real Time Clock (RTC)

cards were changed to support the new priorities.

o Initialization of the PAFB Buffered Serial Line Interface (BSLI) was

changed to provide better service during start up.

o Three Alaskan long period data channel names were changed to reflect

the shift from site "C" to site "D" at ALK.

o A correction to subroutine TODCHK was made to prevent random altera-

tions of the system timing.

o The communication status of the data sites code was changed to display

the status on the console lights.

o A debugging tool on the 40A for the CCP was developed to validate

protocols and record data sent from the CCP.

-24-

Detection Processing System (DPS-360/40A)

The DPS completes the real time environment of our systems. It also

functioned continuously during the contract period recording all of the

real time seismic data and performing a detection algorithm on selected

channels.

The system was primarily used to perform experiments to determine ways

of improving the detection capability. The significant improvements or

experiments performed on it were:

o Deglitching algorithms and reinitialization tests were conducted.

o The Albuquerque SP channel was added to the system for recording

and detecting.

o The tape I/0 error software was corrected to handle high volume

error rates.

o MOD cards were eliminated from the parameter deck.

o Scaling factors for all detecting channels were finialized.

o The source code was updated to coincide with the changes implemented

with MOD cards.

o The NSS data were incorporated and the detection algorithm was

implemented on the 20 S/S NSS channel.

o An RIT detection parameter test was conducted and new parameter values

were established.

Numerous tests and analysis of the data output from this system revealed

that erroneous detections were being made and that obvious signals were not

being detected. Investigation into these malfunctions continued at the

conclusion of the contract period.

Network Event Processor (NEP-360/40B)

The 360/40B was used primarily to produce the seismic bulletin. Inputs

for this processing were the detection list created by the DPS, the waveforms

recorded by the DPS, and other arrival and detection lists provided by other

-25-

government agencies and countries.

New capabilities were added to this system during the term of the contract.

The most significant of these was the ability for NEP to apply discrimination

algorithms to waveform data selected by the analyst. The ability to predict

IP travel time and compute Ms was also implemented. Other new capabilities and

corrections were for the Automatic Association system.

Improvements and enhancements were made and many errors were corrected.

A summary of this effort follows:

o Code for using the 2260 was taken out of the program that transferred

data from the 11/35 to the 360.

o The AA program was modified to accept external event data.

o The PL360 I/0 software was removed to decrease the size of the root

phase in NEP.

o An overflow error was corrected which appeared during LP processing.

o The mass store creation program was modified to predict arrival times

from selected stations.

o The Waveform Segment File (WSF) was implemented. Data that can be

input to the WSF include NORSAR EPX and the standard SUBSET waveform

data.

o The AMP/PER calculation was modified to use the last tabulated entry

in the response curve file when the period values exceed either end

of the table.

o The AA program was modified to permit using any of the ALK sites as

a primary site to initiate event formulation.

o An error was corrected in the focal sphere display.

o The graphics task system was modified to permit using only one of the

cartridge disks.

o The program NEISBLTN was modified to accept data from the seismic

arrays WRA and GBA.

-26-

*L .J " W

Other activities performed on the system was the preparation of specifi-

cations to implement rotation and LP beaming.

Batch Processor (IBM 360/44)

The 360/44 is used in a batch environment to support the scientific

users in their research efforts and to support the real time system in

quality control and data handling. Another major use of the system is to

prepare data sets and files to satisfy data services requests.

The activities to support the operations of the system on the 360/44 are

summarized below:

o An error was corrected in the DOS tape library maintenance program.

o The library tape maintenance program was modified to correct

intermittent program aborts.

o A support utility was created to allow users to punch programs from

disk without requiring the use of temporary tapes.

o A support program to list disk use by user was written.

o TELENET, a program to print the ASCII tapes created by the IBM 360/40B -

PDP-11/35 transfer, was written.

o Two tape drives were moved from the DPS system to the TS44 system

and changes to the system software were made.

o The TS operating system was modified to alter selection priorities

during tape drive access.

o The socket display subsystem was rewritten.

o The file archive routine MULTIFIL was modified so that a user's

entire directory is archived by using a single command.

o TS44 "Help Files" were reviewed and updated as required.

o The SUBMIT subsystem of TS44 was modified to allow users to print

the content of the TS44SOR.DOCUMENT disk directory.

o Several errors were corrected in the Network Control Program (NCP).

-27-

I , . . . , . . . -+ + . .. .,, ,B n .. . . .. ... , .. ... Il .. .I:.. . . .. .. .. . . . a

Programming support was provided to researchers and data services. The

programs and the changes or modifications made to them are:

DEGR - Written to degainrange data values.

DPBEAM - Modified to:

o process channel calibration data input from cards

o correct random end-of-files on the card reader

o print input values for despiking thresholds

o allow extraction of the NSS data from the DPS data tape

o enable processing the fourteenth short-period data channel

of the Wyoming site (ALQ SRO)

DPCOPY - Written to copy DPS tapes without extensive error recovery procedures.

DPSMRG - Reads up to four tapes in an intermediate format and creates a

single DPS output tape.

DUPCHK - Written to QC the output tapes created from the SRODUP program.

FOOBAR - Inputs either SDCS or SRO tapes and creates an intermediate format

tape to be input to DPSMRG.

GAINR - Written to gain range data values.

HYPO71 - Modified to accept 72 character input strings from terminals. The

format of the parameters input to the program was also changed.

ILPA - Written to process post May 1978 ILPA tapes.

LOC - A hypocenter determination routine obtained from MIT, has been

converted to run on TS44.

M7A - Modified to allow handling post November 1977 NORSAR short period

data.

NEWQC - Modified to:

o correct a problem in time-gap reporting

o handle the new data from NSS

o perform more rigorous checks of the individual sites data times

o produce a delog listing of the NORSAR EPX records on the DPS tape

and to identify AI events

o correct logic errors in the statistics tape punch section and

to bypass bad NORSAR EPX records

-28-

The following programs were catalogued in the TS44 libraries:

COMMERGE MlJLTIFIL OCDUMP SR02DP

DPBEAM MULTISPY REFLX SURVEY

DPBEAMX NE1WMGR SCARS TIBURY

FIT4 NEWPLOT SCARSX TIKSPED

FLINE NEWQC SCARS4 TILIPABF

ILPA NSSBEAN SMOOT TTSSDP

LISTATCO PARSER SROCOPY TISSPROG

Interactive Processor (DEC PDP-15/501

Minimal effort was spent on this system during this contract period.

The system was used for soiue minor demonstrations, support data services

in QC functions, and perform A/D conversions. Programming support consisted

of using system utilities to dump tapes and perform system maintenance

functions.

-29-

IV. MAINTENANCE

The computer systems and other equipment at the SDAC are maintained by

Geotech personnel and contractors. During this contract period Geotech

personnel maintained the Communication Control Processor (CCP), timing systems,

modems, and ARPANET interfaces associated with the real time data collection

and monitoring systems. The NEP graphics system was also maintained by

Geotech personnel. It includes a PDP-11/35 computer, an Evans and

Sutherland graphics display device, a hardcopy unit, an Ann Arbor alpha-

numeric terminal, two Pertec Disk Drives, and an interface to the 360/40.

Other computer systems and/or peripherals maintained by Geotech personnel

include the PDP-15/50 and all of its peripheral devices, the incremental

plotters, some of the terminals at the facility, and peripherals on the

PDP-11/70 which include four Kennedy tape drives, the Pertec disk 192KW of

core memory, and the Versatec printer plotter. Other equipment maintained

by Geotech include filters, tape drives, test equipment, A/D conversion

components in the analog laboratory, the tape evaluator, numerous film viewers,

and reproduction equipment throughout the laboratory.

Contract maintenance was obtained from the suppliers of the equipment

shown:

Supplier Equipment

IBM Two 360/40's and the 360/44

FABRITEC 360/40B Memory

DEC 11/70

MEMOREX Disk drives (5 on the 360/40B)

CALCOMP Disk drives (5 on the 360/44)

CDI Terminals

WILLIARD Air-Conditioners

MISC After hours, maintenance and Calibrations

-30-

'I_

I!

The cost distribution for the maintenan ,e is:

GEOTECH

31%%

The general condition of the hardware of the major systems maintained

by Geotech staff is summarized in the following sections.

CCP

Most of the maintenance of this system was related to the output devices.

The hardcopy terminals required cleaning and replacement of print heads. The

CRT of the Tektronix display unit was replaced.

In general the electronic portions of the system performed satisfactorily,

only two component boards were repaired during the year.

The equipment procured during VT/8709 for the OFF-LINE-CCP project was

delivered and assembled during the term of this contract. With the off-line

system, we were able to repair and return to inventory several defective circuit

cards from the on-line CCP.

A considerable amount of time was also spent training SDAC maintenance

personnel in the maintenance of the system and in the use of special hardware

diagnostic routines.

PDP-11/35

Nearly all of the maintenance for this system was the repair of the

cartridge disk drives.

-31-

At the beginning of the contract period a diagnostic program was developed

in an effort to correct the problem -if an occasional program loop developing

during the exchange of data between the 360/40B and 11/35. The diagnostic

provided some insight into the problem and some minor corrections were made

to the hardware. Other corrections in the hardware were implemented but the

problem still remains.

PDP-15/50

Routine maintenance was performed on nearly all components of the system.

Although considerable effort was expended on the equipment, no single '

peripheral or component caused unusual or extended problems.

PDP-11/70

Three tape drives and 64K bytes of memory were installed during the contract

period.

The most noticeable failure of this system was the large 88 megabyte

disk. Although this device is under contract maintenance, repairs were

lengthy because of slow delivery of parts and apparent lack of familiarity with

the equipment on the part of DEC service personnel.

Terminals

Routine repairs and cleaning of these mechanical devices were made

during the course of the contract period. There were no unusual or extensive

problems with any particular device.

Plotters

These devices also required routine repairs and cleaning. Because of

their age, the repairs were frequent and often required spares no longer

inventoried by the vendor, thus adding to the cost and extending down time.

Analog

Repairs were made to filters and the time-code-reader.

General

Cleaning and inspection of the numerous film viewers were conducted

throughout the year. Bearings were replaced on some of the units.

-32-

other equipment requiring some attention includes test equipment, the

tape cleaner/evaluator, and data reproduction devices.

The air-conditioners are all under contract maintenance. They required

considerable maintenance, primarily because of their age; however, no

significant down time occurred on any of the systems because of air-condition-

ing failure.

An extensive problem occurred on the IBM-360/44 during the latter part

of the contract. After several weeks of investigation by IBM, it was

determined that the wiring of the main power coming into the room was notdone according to recommended IBM standards. Although no corrective action

was taken, the intermittent failure did not reoccur.

Table VIII provides statistics concerning the maintenance performed by

Geotech personnel during the contract period. These time figures reflect

only time spent in preventive maintenance and repair and do not include duties

such as parts ordering, design, planning, and supervision conducted by Geotech

personnel.

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V. DATA SERVICES

One of the primary functions of the SDAC is to provide data and computer

services to the seismic community engaged in the VELA effort either directly

or through basic research.

This support usually consists of producing a requested data set from

the various libraries at the SDAC. The seismic data libraries are in the

form of film, and analog and digital tape. Requests are usually satisfied

in digital form but paper plots, or film copies are also available. Numerous

formats and various configurations of the seismic stations require a con-

siderable quality control and recordkeeping effort.

The bulk of the data is obtained for VSC sponsored projects supported

by several contractors, or for AFTAC internal use; however, many agencies,

institutions and contractors, both domestic and foreign, request and receive

data. During the period of this contract the following solicited data from

the SDAC:

AFTAC/TGS

Albuquerque Seismological LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology

Cornell University

Hanyang University, KoreaInstitute for National Defense, Sweden

Institute of Geological Sciences, Edinburgh

Instituto di Fisica Guglielmo Marconi, RomeInstituto Nacional de Meterologia Geofisica, Portugal

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

Lincoln LaboratoriesLos Alamos Scientific LaboratoryNational Defence Research Institute, Stockholm

NORSAR

Osservatorio Vesuviano, Italy

Pennsylvania State University

Scripps InstituteSierra Geophysics

Southern Methodist UniversitySt. Louis University

Systems, Science, and Software

Teledyne Geotech, Garland

Tennessee Valley Authority

Universita Degli Studi, Italy

United States Geological Survey, Albuquerque

University of Alaska

University of Arizona

University of California, Berkeley

University of Cambridge, England

-35-

)

University of MichiganUniversity of Nevada, RenoUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Sydney, AustraliaUniversity of Texas, GalvestonUniversity of Washington, SeattleUniversity of Wellington, New ZealandWeston ObservatoryWorld Data Center

One of the major data resources at the SDAC is the analog tape library.

It consists of LRSM data recorded between 1961 and 1970, and data from the

Geneva Observatories and TFO. A wide variety of experiments were conducted

during this contract period using one or more of these sites. A function

of Data Services is to provide the A/D conversion of these data. This

involves scheduling requests through the conversion process, quality control

of the output, and making the output data available to the user as a digital

tape in the SDAC tape library. During the year 428 completed A/D requests

were processed, not including about 100 requests to recover data from

stations HNME and RKON, as part of data set requests.

Three major data sets were prepared during the year. The task is to

recover all available waveform data for seismic events that fulfill a location

criteria. Two of these sets, completed early in 1979, contained about 340

events. The third contained 12 events from a specific area. By the

end of the year 10 of the events were processed, two of the events were

partially recovered.

SRO/ASRO Day Tapes continued to be made. This data consists of a 26 hour

data frame for each station beginning at 0000 hours and ending at 0200 hours

on the following day. The SRO/ASRO stations in this data set are, ANMO, ANTO,

BOCO, CHTO, GUMO, NWAO, GRFO, SHIO, TATO, SNZO, CTAO, ZOBO, KAAO, MAJO, and

KONO. There are periodic operational interruptions. Thus a particular day

tape may not contain all sites.

Table IX is a tabulation and quantity of the various categories of

tapes that are stored in the facility.

-36-

)

TABLE IX

Tape Library Inventory

On 30 Sep 1979 the tape library contained the following tapes;

Digital Archives

Data Set 122

LASA Event 563

NORSAR Event 234

Long Period (LASA, ALPA, and NORSAR) 5639

SRO Field 173

SRO/DAY 2255

HGLP Field 360

Extended Long Period 1250

ILPA MERGE 172

Short Period Events 1965-1969 134

Short Period LASA 6675

LASA Multiplexed 960

LASA 1975 Recorded at Billings 3000

DPS 6417

Short Period NORSAR 1200

LASA Copy Tapes 91

Detection Log (ISM) 31

Korean Event Processor Tapes 4644

ALA Processor Tapes 1241

UBO Long Period 33

TFO Long Period (BGR) 3

A/D Conversions (LRSM and SDCS) 1136

D/D Conversions (LASA) 894

SDCS 3565

SDCS Event Subset 46

Permanent Hold Tapes CDC 1604 Operations 501

Library Control Tapes 15

DOS 71

ILPA 486

A/D Count 4 95sub total 42006

Digital Tapes (to be recycled)

Individual Users 2102

Scratch Tapes 1019

EP-DP Tapes 261

DPS 66

System Backups 413sub total 3861

Analog Tapes

Compressed Tapes 8779

Composite Tapes 509

Tapes as recorded (0.3 ips) 16566

Tapes to be compressed 4810

Special Data Collection System Tapes 518sub total 31182

Total 77049

-37-

'C.

VI. SDAC DATA MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

The effort for this task was directed toward further development of

the PDP-I/70 system and a microprocessor-based system to accept data from a

seismic station being developed to acquire regional data. The followin8

sections provide an overview of specific accomplishments related to the develop-

ment of the PDP-II/70 system and the final configuration and status of the

system to accept regional seismic data.

Data Retrieval and Analysis System (PDP-11/70)

This system was acquired and installed during the previous two contracts

(VT/7709 and VT/8709). Its intended use is to support the activities of data

services. The capabilities to be developed are to accept waveform data from

numerous sources and varying formats and to develop a uniform data base upon

which standard functions can be performed such as:

o producing graphic and hardcopy plots;

o allowing vertical and horizontal scaling of waveforms;

o automatically logging or filing time picks;

o automatically logging and filing amplitude measurements;

o allowing trace movement and/or scrolling; and

o having seismic utilities to predict arrival times and

calculate travel times.

Developing the system in this framework will facilitate quality control

functions, provide an environment for multiple users, permit research

activities and allow augumentation of the system.

During the year there were many program utilities developed, improvements

were made to the system, and errors corrected in both system and application

software. This effort provided the following capabilities:

o ARPANET message facility was added.

o System accounting was upgraded to maintain a record of users

accessing the system directly or from the network.

o A library maintenance routine was written to cross reference

and sort program library entries.

o File access mechanisms were modified to enable graphic output

from FORTRAN programs.

-38-

o A line printer driver was written for the Versatec.

o A command was modified to allow removing all of the files

in a directory.

o Several commands were modified to include error information

in their parameters.

" The NECwriter was installed and support software written.

" A command was corrected to prevent directory linking.

o An error was corrected in the "rC" compiler that dealt with

long integer specifications.

" Two new tape drives were installed and the corresponding

system updates were made.

" A program to read SUBSET tapes was written.

" An editor developed at Berkeley was installed.

" A program to read OPS tapes and write to the waveform data base

was written.

" A program to write SUBSET tapes from the waveform data base

was written.

" A program was written for the 11/70 that is similar to the INTAPE

routine on the 360/44. This routine reads magnetic tape.

" A bug in the Versatec handler was corrected.

" A system utility was developed to maintain program libraries.

o A utility routine to convert EBCDIC to ASCII was written.

o A utility routine to convert 360 floating point to PDP-11

floating point was written.

o Errors in the F77 FORTRAN compiler were corrected.

Sandia Prototype Seismic Station Data

The previous contract, VT/8709, was amended to develop hardware and

software to receive, record, and process data from a prototype system

developed by the Sandia Corporation for use in a CTBT environment. These

systems will be capable of gathering seismic data for small events at

regional distances. They will operate unattended and transmit seismic

data to satellite to be relayed to a central headquarters for recording

and analysis.

-39-

The prototype system of one site had 10 channels of data. One high

frequency channel of a vertical instrument sampled at 60 samples per second,

three short period channels of one vertical and two horizontal components

each sampled at 20 times per second, three medium period channels with one

vertical and two horizontal components each sampled at four samples per

second, and finally three long period channels again consisting of one ver-

tical and two horizontal components being sampled once per second.

To protect against data loss and increase security, these data are

transmitted twice with about a 15 minute delay between the transmissions.

Consequently the resulting data stream consists of a bit interleaved ontime

real-time data stream and a 15 minute delayed data stream also in real-time.

Phase I of the SDAC project was to receive and record only the real-

time data stream and process the three SP and three LP data channels through

NEP. This work was accomplished during VT/8709 (FY'78).

Phase II was to process the delayed data stream by displaying it on the

CCP and recording it on tape. Also, analysis was to be performed on the

high frequency and mid-period data and the results of the data transmitted

to the Mass Store with other data routinely processed by NEP.

Most of the hardware was obtained during the previous contract.

Figure 5 is provided to show the major components of the system and the

functions each of them perform. The new hardware is called the Regional

Station Input (RSI) system. The three major components consist of SYNC,

CPII, and MAIN modules. The SYNC module establishes communication synchro-

nization with the two incoming data streams and splits the data stream into

the real-time and delayed components. The GPII (General Purpose Intelligent

Interface) reorders the data within a given time frame to conventions esta-

blished in the VELANET. The MAIN module converts data sample values from

Sandia formats to VELANET formats.

The effort placed in the RSI in support of this contract consisted of

software modifications to handle the delayed data stream. The design and

implementation of these modifications were completed. During system testing

several problems arose with regard to bit inversions and the generation of

the data time.

-40-

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Considerable modifications were made to the CCP to incorporate this new

data &ource. The extensive modifications were necessary because of the new

sampling rates of 60 and four samples per second. The changes involved

restructuring tables and modifying the various programs accessing them.

The DPS required changes only to parameters and tables. No considera-

tion was made to detect on any channel other than the SP vertical. This task

was sufficiently similar to the other processing functions that only these

minor changes were necessary.

NEP and the programs that support it were evaluated in detail to deter-

mine if the 60 and four sample per second data could be handled effectively.

Because of hardware constraints, buffer sizes, and the format selected for

the time value, the HF and MP data were not evaluated geophysically using

NEP. However, the programs to send the data to the Mass Store were modified

to include the Sandia data should modifications to the NEP be incorporated.

An evaluation of this system was performed. It considered both the SDAC

hardware/software aspects as well as the geophysical conclusions. The re-

port was published under project VT/9709; a portion of the abstract

follows:

EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL SEISMIC STATION(SDAC-TR-79-8)

The resolution in A/D conversion when recording waveforms of night-time(low) noise on four different NSS channels at CPO is 0.3 to 1% of the RMSnoise power. Clipping of the middle period (MP) and long period (LP) channelsin A/D conversion was observed in case of an Ms - 7.6 shock at distance 220,and signal amplitudes up to 30% of the clipping level have been observed onthe short-period channel when recording non-destructive local shocks (up to10).

SNR computations suggest that regional phases (P or Lg) can be easilydetected above 5 Hz; Lg waves from an NTS shot at distance 220 had theirmaximum SNR at the period of 4 seconds. P-waves from teleseismic eventsgenerally had SNR maxima at 1 Hz, poor SNR > 5 Hz, and a deep minimum aroundperiods of 4-5 seconds.

Also discussed in this evaluation is the data link format and communica-tions preprocessing. There were several problem areas primarily with timecode procedures in the NSS site design.

-42-

VII. CONTROLLED OPERATIONS

The area containing the communication and recording computers, the

Network Event Processing system, the PDP-ll/70, thie tape library, conference

room, maintenance, keypunch room, and the access area was converted to a

controlled area. Figure 5 shows the previously controlled area as being

lightly shaded. The expanded area is shown as beinig darkly shaded.

This task involved constructing a barrier by extending several of thewalls to the roof. Two normal entrances were established with cypher locks

and a third entrance, necessary as a fire escape, was equipped with an alarm

system. These details are also shown in Figure 6.

-43-

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-44-

VIII. A/D EQUIPMENT

Toward the end of the contract a Kinemetrics digital recording system

was furnished by the government to accomplish analog to digital conversions.

The Kinemetrics unit was originally acquired for the Special Data Collec-

tion System (SDCS) and sent to SDAC at the conclusion of the project.

The purpose of the SDCS was to digitally record seismic data in the

field and send the resulting tapes in for analysis. In this type of opera-

tion, the hardware and recording requirements are reasonably well defined

and remain static during the systems operation. Consequently, the hardware

is configured to run continuously at a given sampling rate, fixed number of

channels, and recording format.

The hardware modifications to the system consisted of:

o changing the recording format to allow for identification of

the seismogram,

o obtaining the sampling rate from an external and adjustable

clock, and

o increasing the number of input channels from eight to sixteen.

The tape format this system produces is not compatible with out

standard SUBSET. Software effort consisted of writing a program to read

the Kinemetrics tape and write a tape in SUBSET format.

-45-