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Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33

Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

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Page 2: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phylum PoriferaSection 33.1

Page 3: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phylum Porifera

Latin for “Pore-Bearing”

Asymmetric Body Structure

Page 4: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Sponges

• Aquatic animals• Represent transition from

unicellular to multicellular life• No true tissue or organs

• 5,000 species (most marine)• Various colors, shapes, sizes, etc.

• Adults are sessile

Page 5: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1
Page 7: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

More Sponge Parts:

• Choanocytes (collar cells): flagellated cells that draw water into the sponge

• Ostia (pores): pores that penetrate the body wall that allow water into the sponge

• Osculum: opening at the top of the sponge

Page 9: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Sponge Anatomy

Page 10: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Feeding & Digestion

Filter feeders of plankton and other small organisms

Steps in feeding & digestion:1. Choanocytes beat & draw water into ostia

• Then collect food from water2. Nutrients pass from choanocytes to

amoebocytes • Crawling cells that deliver nutrients to rest

of the body3. Wastes and CO2 diffuse into the water and

goes out the osculumvideo

Page 11: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Water Flow:

Page 14: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Sexual Reproduction

1. Sperm of one sponge enters pores of a different sponge

2. Choanocytes engulf the sperm3. Sperm transferred to ameobcytes4. Then transferred to egg in mesohyl5. Egg is fertilized6. Swimming larva leaves the

sponge and settles on an object to become an adult

Page 15: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Hermaphrodites

• Why doesn’t self-fertilization usually occur in an hermaphroditic species?

• Answer:• Less genetic diversity thus less of a

change to survive an environmental change (evolution would not occur as much)

Page 16: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phyla Notecards:

• First side:• Phylum name• Example organisms• Drawing of organism

• With color!

• Opposite side:• Body symmetry• Mobility (adult & larval

stages)• Feeding methods• Reproductive methods• Defense mechanisms• Environment/habitat

Page 17: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Cnidaria & CtenophoraSection 33.2

Page 20: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phylum Cnidaria

Page 21: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Body Plans:

• Medusa: bell-shaped specialized for swimming

• Polyp: vase-shaped specialized for sessile living

Page 22: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

More Body Parts:

• Two cell layers:•Epidermis: outer

layer•Gastrodermis:

inner layer

• Mesoglea: • jellylike material

between two layers

Page 23: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Continued…

• Gastrovascular cavity: center of body with a hollow gut and mouth

• Tentacles: flexible extensions surrounding the mouth• Moves food in

Page 25: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Nervous System:

• Nerve net: diffused web of interconnected nerve cells• No brain• No cephalization

• Can respond to stimuli • Nerve net contractile cell contraction of

whole body

• Can control swimming & feeding

Page 26: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Classification:

Four classes:

1. Class Hydrozoa2. Class Cubozoa

3. Class Scyphozoa4. Class Anthozoa

Page 29: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Class Scyphozoa:

• Commonly known as jellyfish• The medusa form is dominant• Some have poisonous nemotocytes

that can cause pain and death

Page 30: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

• Biotechnology with Jellies video

Page 31: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Class Anthozoa:

• Meaning: flower animals• Dominant form = polyp• Examples: coral & sea anemone

• Some have symbiotic relationships with other species:• Coral with algae• Sea anemone with clownfish

Nemo!

Coral And Algae

Page 32: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phylum Ctenophora

Page 33: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Distinguishing Characteristics:

• Meaning: comb holder• Commonly called comb jellies

• Move by beating cilia

• Contain colloblasts that secrete a sticky substance that blinds prey• Do not have cnidocytes (like other jellies)

Page 34: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Continued…

• Apical organ: sensory structure that determines orientation in the water

• Bioluminescence: production of light through chemical reactions

Page 35: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Phyla Notecards:

• First side:• Phylum name• Example organisms• Drawing of organism

• With color!

• Opposite side:• Body symmetry• Mobility (adult & larval

stages)• Feeding methods• Reproductive methods• Defense mechanisms• Environment/habitat

Page 36: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Chapter 33. Phylum Porifera Section 33.1

Class Notecards:

• First side:• Class name• Example organisms• Drawing of organism

• With color!

• Opposite side:• Unique characteristics• Description of

representative organism • Info about an organism

listed in the book

• Environment/habitat