Splash Screen Section 1-5 (pages 294–295) Americans Head West Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. In 1800 less

Splash Screen

Section 1-5

(pages 294–295)(pages 294–295)

Americans Head West

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

• In 1800 less than __________ settlers lived west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• By the time the __________ began, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived along the Atlantic coast.

• Americans moved west for __________ reasons and to own their own farms.

Section 1-6

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

• A magazine editor named __________ __________ __________ declared that the movement west was __________ __________ idea that God had given the continent to Americans and wanted them to settle western lands.

• The first settlers west of the Appalachians were __________, because they settled on lands they did not own.

Americans Head West (cont.)

(pages 294–295)(pages 294–295)

Section 1-7


• Farming in the Midwest was made easier by new farming technology.

• In 1819 __________ __________ patented a plow with an iron blade.

• In 1837 __________ __________ designed a plow with sharp-edged steel blades that cut cleanly through the tough Midwestern sod.

• In 1834 __________ __________ patented the mechanical reaper.

Americans Head West (cont.)

(pages 294–295)(pages 294–295)

Section 1-9


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Settling the Pacific Coast• The Oregon Territory.

• The U.S. and Britain both wanted to own __________.

• This was especially true when the U.S. became very interested in the __________ trade in the 1830s..

• Missionaries were the first to head to _________; they found great farmland.

• In 1814, ________headed to Oregon. • By 1840, _____farmers were living in OR.

Section 1-9


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Settling the Pacific Coast• The Oregon Territory.

• Many traveled to Oregon via the __________ __________ which started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Portland.

• The __________ trail was not an easy trip.

• Some rode __________ while others literally walked the trip which took __________.

Section 1-9


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Settling the Pacific Coast• The California Territory.

• By the 1840s, farmers started showing up in __________.

• They found wonderful __________ and a great __________.

• They sent messages back __________ about the wonderful opportunities in California.

• Mexico controlled __________, but its distance from Mexico City made it difficult to govern.

Section 1-9


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Settling the Pacific Coast• The California Territory.

• In 1839 the governor of California wanted to attract more settlers, so he granted 50,000 acres in Sacramento Valley to a German immigrant, __________ __________.

• Sutter built a trading post and __________ ranch on his land.

• In 1849, gold was discovered on Sutter’s Mill – The _________ resulted as people flocked to California.

Section 1-13


• In 1846 the __________ __________–a group of 87 overlanders named after the brothers who led them–were trapped by winter snows in the Sierra Nevada.

• Almost half the party died of __________.

• Between 1840 and 1860, attacks by Native Americans were __________.

• As overland traffic increased, however, Native Americans on the Great Plains were concerned and angry over the threat that __________ might change their way of life.

Settling the Pacific Coast (cont.)

(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-11


• Trails West.

• Mountain men, such as __________ __________ and __________ __________, made their living by trapping beaver and selling the furs to traders.

• They also gained knowledge of the __________ and the Native Americans who lived there.


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-12


• The Oregon Trail.

• These trails were very important to the settlement of the __________.

• At first, wagon trains hired mountain men to __________ them.

• After the trails became worn, most __________ __________ who traveled west in wagon trains–used guidebooks written by earlier emigrants.


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-12


• The Sante Fe Trail.

• Independence, __________ to Sante Fe, __________ __________.

• Mainly traded with __________.

• For the most part, they went, they traded, and they went back home (not __________ settlers).

• Attacked by __________ __________ often.


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-12


• The Mormon Trail. • Migrated to escape religious

persecution.

• First led by __________ __________ in New York (1827).

• When Smith was murdered, they found leadership from __________ ______.

• Traveled first to __________, then to Illinois, then on to __________.

• When they reached __________ _____, they declared “this is the place.”


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-14

• The federal government and eight Native American groups negotiated the Treaty of __________ __________ in 1851.


(pages 295–297)(pages 295–297)

Section 1-18

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. someone who settles on public land under government regulation with the hopes of acquiring the title to the land

__ 2. idea popular in the United States during the 1800s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

__ 3. someone who travels overland to the West

A. Manifest Destiny

B. squatter

C. overlander

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.


Section 2-5


(pages 300–301)(pages 300–301)

Opening Texas to Americans


• Texas was under Mexican control after Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821.

• __________ Spanish-speaking people of the area–had established settlements in the southern part of the region.

• Because Tejanos refused to move to the northern part of the region where Native American groups lived, __________ invited Americans and others to settle there.

Section 2-6

• Most American emigrants to Texas came at the encouragement of __________ Spanish word for “agents.”

• Under the __________ __________ Act, Mexico gave 26 empresarios large areas of Texas land.

• In return, the __________ promised to get a certain number of settlers for the land.

• Stephen Austin, the first and most successful empresario, founded the town of __________ __________ __________.

Opening Texas to Americans (cont.)


(pages 300–301)(pages 300–301)

Section 2-7

• At first, the Americans agreed to Mexican __________, as required for settlement.

• The Americans did not adopt Mexican __________, however, nor did they think of Mexico as their country.

• In 1826 empresario Haden Edwards and his brother declared that the American settlements in Texas were the independent nation of __________.

• __________ __________ and some troops, however, helped Mexico stop Edwards’s revolt.



(pages 300–301)(pages 300–301)

Section 2-8

• The Mexican government feared that Edwards’s revolt might be an American plot to take over __________.

• In 1830 __________ closed its borders to immigration by Americans.

• The government also banned the __________ of enslaved labor and discouraged trade with the United States.

• These new laws __________ settlers.



(pages 300–301)(pages 300–301)

Section 2-10

(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Texas Goes to War


• American settlers in Texas held a __________ in 1832 and asked Mexico to reopen Texas to American immigrants and to decrease the taxes on imports.

• A convention held in 1833 was more __________.

• At that time, Texas was part of the Mexican state of __________.

• The convention members asked Mexico to separate Texas from Coahuila and create a __________ Mexican state.

Section 2-11

• The convention wrote a __________ for the new state and sent Austin to Mexico City to negotiate with the Mexican government. Negotiations failed.

• Austin wrote a letter suggesting that Texas should __________ its own state government.

• Stephen Austin persuaded Mexican President __________ __________ __________ to agree to lift the immigration ban and other demands.

Texas Goes to War (cont.)


(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-12

• In the meantime, Mexican officials __________ Austin’s letter.

• In January 1834, Austin was arrested by Mexican officials and jailed for __________.

• In April 1834, Santa Anna __________ the Mexican Constitution and made himself dictator.

• When _______was released from prison in 1835, he urged Texans to organize an army, since he foresaw war with Mexico.



(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-13

• The Texas army’s first victory against Mexico was at the military post of __________.

• Eventually, __________ __________, a former governor of Tennessee and an experienced military leader, took command of the Texas army.

• When Santa Anna and his forces came to San Antonio in February 1836, over 180 Texan rebels were at the __________, an abandoned mission inside the town.



(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-14

• The small force, commanded by __________ __________ and joined by 32 settlers, held off Santa Anna’s army for 13 days.

• During this time, the new Texas government declared __________ from Mexico.

• On March 6, 1836, Santa Anna’s army __________ the Texans at the Alamo.



(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-15

• Two weeks after the Alamo fell, the Mexican army forced the Texas troops to surrender at Goliad, a town southeast of __________ __________.

• More than __________ Texans were executed by the order of Santa Anna.

• At the Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston and his Texas troops launched a surprise attack on the ________ army.

• The Texan forces easily __________ the Mexican army.



(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-16

• They captured Santa Anna, who was forced to sign a treaty recognizing independence for the __________ ____.

• In September 1836, Sam Houston was elected __________ of the Republic of Texas.

• The citizens of Texas also voted for __________ __________ become part of the United States.

• Many northern members of Congress were against __________ Texas as a slave state.



(pages 301–304)(pages 301–304)

Section 2-18


__ 1. Spanish-speaking inhabitants of Texas

__ 2. incorporating a territory within the domain of a country

__ 3. a person who arranged for the settlement of Texas in the 1800s

A. Tejano

B. empresario

C. annexation




Section 3-5

(pages 306–307)(pages 306–307)

The Lingering Question of Texas


• Territorial disputes between the United States and Mexico began in __________, when the U.S. claimed Texas as part of the Louisiana Purchase.

• The idea of __________ __________ and of gaining Mexican territory had strong popular support.

• President __________ __________ wanted to bring Texas into the Union.

• Texas, however, was certain to be a __________ state.

Section 3-6

• Antislavery leaders in Congress opposed the __________ of Texas.

• Moreover, Mexico still did not recognize Texas’s __________.


(pages 306–307)(pages 306–307)

The Lingering Question of Texas(cont.)

• Many Northerners thought that annexation was a pro-slavery plot.

• __________ __________, a former Congressman and governor of Tennessee, was the Democratic candidate in the 1844 election.

• He promised to __________ Texas and the Oregon territory and __________ California from Mexico.

• He won the __________.

Section 3-8

(pages 307–308)(pages 307–308)

Texas and Oregon Enter the Union


• In early 1844, Congress voted against __________ of Texas.

Section 3-9

• In public, President Polk said that the United States had a right to ______.

• Those who supported this stand on Oregon used the slogan “__________ __________ __________ _______.”

• In private, Polk agreed to split the territory with __________ _______.

• In June 1846, the two countries agreed that the United States would acquire most of Oregon south of __________ __________.


(pages 307–308)(pages 307–308)

Texas and Oregon Enter the Union (cont.)

Section 3-10

• Before Polk took office, President Tyler had pushed a __________ through Congress that annexed Texas.

• Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the __________ ________government.

• Mexico and the U.S. government disputed the location of Texas’s __________ border.

• In November 1845, __________ ____ was sent to Mexico City as a special __________, or representative, to purchase California.


(pages 307–308)(pages 307–308)


Section 3-11

• Mexico’s president refused to meet with __________.

(pages 307–308)(pages 307–308)


Section 3-13

(pages 309–311)(pages 309–311)

The War With Mexico


• After Mexico refused to discuss the U.S. purchase of California, President Polk ordered troops led by General __________ __________ to cross the Nueces River.

• Mexicans saw this as an __________ of their country.

• A Mexican force __________ Taylor’s men.

• Polk declared __________ with Mexico.

Section 3-14

• Even before __________ signed the declaration of war, Taylor’s troops defeated Mexican general Santa Anna and his troops in two fights.

• Taylor and his troops continued south and __________ the Mexican army on two more occasions.

• In northern California, settlers led by General __________ __________ had little trouble overcoming the Mexican presence there.

The War With Mexico (cont.)


(pages 309–311)(pages 309–311)

Section 3-15

• On June 14, 1846, the settlers declared California independent from Mexico.

• They called the region the __________ __________ __________.

• A few weeks later, U.S. naval forces took possession of __________ for the United States.

• Despite many defeats, Mexico refused to __________.



(pages 309–311)(pages 309–311)

Section 3-16

• President Polk replaced Taylor with General __________ __________ and sent him and his troops to capture Mexico City.

• The city was captured on __________ __________ , 1847.

• On February 2, 1848, the leaders signed the Treaty of __________ .

• In this treaty, Mexico __________ , or gave up, more than 500,000 square miles of land to the U.S.



(pages 309–311)(pages 309–311)

Section 3-17

• The land is now the states of __________ , __________ , and __________ , as well as most of New Mexico and Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

• Mexico agreed to the __________ ___ as the southern border of Texas.

• The U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and take over __________ million in debt that the Mexican government owed American citizens.



(pages 309–311)(pages 309–311)

Section 3-19


__ 1. a person delegated to represent one country to another

__ 2. to give up by treaty

A. envoy

B. cede




Chapter Assessment 1



Reviewing Key TermsDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

__ 1. idea popular in the United States during the 1800s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

__ 2. a person delegated to represent one country to another

__ 3. Spanish-speaking inhabitants of Texas

__ 4. someone who settles on public land under government regulation with the hopes of acquiring the title to the land

A. Manifest Destiny

B. squatter

C. overlander

D. Tejano

E. empresario

F. annexation

G. envoy

H. cede

Chapter Assessment 2



Reviewing Key Terms (cont.)


__ 5. someone who travels overland to the West

__ 6. incorporating a territory within the domain of a country

__ 7. to give up by treaty

__ 8. a person who arranged for the settlement of Texas in the 1800s

A. Manifest Destiny

B. squatter

C. overlander

D. Tejano

E. empresario

F. annexation

G. envoy

H. cede

Documents

Splash Screen Section 1-5 (pages 294–295) Americans Head West Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. In 1800 less