Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Road to War Section 2:Section 2:War Begins Section 3:Section 3:On the Home Front

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Chapter Menu

Chapter Introduction

Section 1: The Road to War

Section 2: War Begins

Section 3: On the Home Front

Section 4: War in Europe and Africa

Section 5: War in the Pacific

Visual Summary

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Chapter Intro

The Road to War

Essential Question How did dictators acquire and expand power in Europe in the 1930s?


Chapter Intro

War Begins

Essential Question How did peaceful nations confront foreign aggressors in World War II?


Chapter Intro

On the Home Front

Essential Question In what ways did American men, women, and minorities support the war effort at home?


Chapter Intro

War in Europe and Africa

Essential Question What strategies did the Allies pursue in Europe and Africa to defeat the Axis Powers in World War II?


Chapter Intro

War in the Pacific

Essential Question What was the turning point in the war in the Pacific, and what led up to it?


Chapter Time Line


Chapter Time Line

Chapter Preview-End


Section 1-Essential Question

How did dictators acquire and expand power in Europe in the 1930s?

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Section 1-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• dictator

• fascism

• anti-Semitism

• totalitarian

• appeasement

Academic Vocabulary

• obtain • unify

Reading Guide



Section 1-Key Terms

Key People and Events

• Benito Mussolini

• Joseph Stalin

• Munich Conference

Reading Guide (cont.)



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1-Polling Question

Rate your agreement with the following statement: The United States should take measures to stop dictators from ruling in other countries.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree

C. Somewhat disagree

D. Strongly disagree A B C D

0% 0%0%0%


Section 1

The Rise of Dictators

Bitterness over the outcome of World War I and serious economic problems led to the rise of dictators in several countries.


Section 1

• Adolf Hitler and other ruthless dictators rose to power by taking advantage of people’s fear, anger, and suffering in depressed economic times.

• In Italy, Benito Mussolini made fascism popular and forced Italy’s king to name Mussolini the head of government.

– Mussolini ended democratic rule and built up the military.

The Rise of Dictators (cont.)

Rise of Nazism


Section 1

• Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party, blamed Jews for the problems in Germany, and his anti-Semitism led to unspeakable horrors.

– Hitler ended democracy and established a totalitarian state.


Rise of Nazism


Section 1

• Japanese leaders, feeling they did not have enough land or resources, invaded mineral-rich Manchuria, a region of China, in 1931.

• In 1940, Japan joined Germany and Italy in the “Axis” alliance.

• Joseph Stalin—who rose to power in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s—used force to obtain obedience from his people.


Rise of Nazism


Section 1

• In America, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts, which banned weapons sales and loans to nations at war.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What was the name of Adolf Hitler’s political party?

A. The Communist Party

B. The Nazi Party

C. The Fascist Party

D. The Socialist Party


Section 1

Germany on the March

Other European countries stood by as Germany expanded its territory.


Section 1

• In March 1936, Hitler ordered German troops into the Rhineland.

• Hitler insisted that Austria be unified with Germany and sent troops there in March 1938.

Germany on the March (cont.)


Section 1

• When Hitler declared it Germany’s right to take over the German-speaking Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, Britain and France tried to avoid war through appeasement.

– At the Munich Conference, British and French leaders gave the Sudetenland to Germany in exchange for Hitler’s pledge that he would not expand any further.



Section 1

– In March 1939, however, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia.

– Before invading Poland, Hitler signed the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact in August 1939.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 1

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

With what country did Germany sign a nonaggression pact?

A. Czechoslovakia

B. Britain

C. France

D. Russia


Section 1-End



How did peaceful nations confront foreign aggressors in World War II?



Section 2-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• blitzkrieg

• disarmament

Academic Vocabulary

• target

• fund

Reading Guide



Section 2-Key Terms


• Allied Powers

• Axis Powers

• Winston Churchill

• Atlantic Charter

• Pearl Harbor




A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D


Rate your agreement with the following statement: War could have been avoided if Europe’s leaders had not tried to appease Hitler.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree



0% 0%0%0%


Section 2

War in Europe

World War II began in September 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, and Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.


Section 2

• France and Great Britain declared war on Germany after Hitler sent his armies into Poland on September 1, 1939.

• The Germans called their swift and fierce attack on Polish targets a Blitzkrieg, or lightning war.

War in Europe (cont.)

America Prepares for War


Section 2

• In April 1940, the Netherlands and Belgium asked the Allied Powers—Britain and France—for help from the German attack but were soon overwhelmed.

• In June 1940, the Germans crossed into France. Italy joined the Germans and attacked France from the southeast, and the French surrendered after German troops took Paris.




Section 2

• Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers.

– Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Great Britain, provided inspiration to his people.


• In August 1940, the Germans began bombing British air bases, shipyards, and cities.



Section 2

• In June 1941, German forces invaded the Soviet Union.

– As the Soviets retreated, Stalin ordered a scorched-earth policy to make it harder for Germans to supply their troops and to keep advancing.




A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What was the Germans’ fast and fierce style of attack referred to as?

A. The Allied Attack

B. The Axis Attack

C. Blitzkrieg

D. Scorched Earth


Section 2

America and the War

Wanting to defend democracy, the United States gradually became involved in the European conflict on the side of the Allies.


Section 2

• Although he vowed to remain neutral, President Roosevelt prepared for war.

– In 1938, Congress strengthened the navy.

– The new Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed for warring nations to purchase American goods as long as they paid cash and carried the goods on their own ships.

– In 1940, Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act, the first peacetime draft in United States history.

America and the War (cont.)


Section 2

• Roosevelt ran for a third term as president in 1940 and won easily against Republican Wendell Willkie.

• In March 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the U.S. to sell, lend, or lease weapons to any country vital to the defense of the United States.



Section 2

• In August 1941, Prime Minister Churchill and President Roosevelt drew up the Atlantic Charter, which set goals for the world after the destruction of the Nazis.

– They urged disarmament and the creation of a “permanent system of general security.”



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Why were isolationists opposed to the Lend-Lease law?

A. Loans to other nations would hurt the newly recovered economy.

B. The U.S. might never get back the military equipment lent to other nations.

C. It would bring America closer to war.

D. It favored the Germans.


Section 2

The Japanese Threat

The United States entered World War II as a result of Japan’s attack on the Pearl Harbor military base in 1941.


Section 2

• While Hitler and Mussolini waged war in Europe, the Japanese made military conquests in the Far East.

– Japan planned on taking the American territory of the Philippines.

The Japanese Threat (cont.)


Section 2

• In response, Roosevelt froze all Japanese funds in U.S. banks and stopped the sale of oil, gasoline, and other resources that Japan lacked.

• On December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked the American military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.


– More than 2,300 soldiers, sailors, and civilians were killed.

Shock at Pearl Harbor


Section 2

– The next day, the United States declared war on Japan.

– Japan’s allies—Germany and Italy—declared war on the United States.

– The United States joined the Allied nations and declared war on Germany and Italy.


Shock at Pearl Harbor


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

On which Axis power did the United States first declare war?

A. Germany

B. Italy

C. Japan

D. Russia


Section 2-End



In what ways did American men, women, and minorities support the war effort at home?



Section 3-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• mobilization

• ration

• civil defense

• internment camp

Academic Vocabulary

• shift • overseas

Reading Guide



Section 3-Key Terms


• WACs

• WAVES

• Tuskegee Airmen

• bracero

• Nisei




A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D


Rate your agreement with the following statement: Women in the military should receive the same tasks as men.

A. Strongly agree

B. Somewhat agree



0% 0%0%0%


Section 3

America Prepares

The United States had to refocus its economy to provide supplies for the war effort.


Section 3

• More than 15 million Americans joined the armed forces during the war, both as volunteers and as draftees.

• About 250,000 women served in the WACs (Women’s Army Corps), the WAVES (Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy), and women’s units in the marines, Coast Guard, and army air corps.

America Prepares (cont.)


Section 3

• New agencies were created to speed up mobilization for war.

– The War Production Board supervised automakers as they shifted from manufacturing cars to producing trucks, jeeps, and tanks.

– The Office of Price Administration established limits on consumer prices and rents to prevent inflation.



Section 3

– The National War Labor Board helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production.

• The Revenue Act of 1942 raised corporate taxes and required individuals to pay income taxes in order to help fund the war effort.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Which of the following was NOT an agency created during World War II?

A. The War Production Board

B. The Civilian Conservation Corps

C. The Office of Price Administration

D. The National War Labor Board


Section 3

Wartime America

During World War II, Americans faced hardships but united to help the war effort.


Section 3

• For many American families, the war meant separation from loved ones serving overseas.

• With industries geared to producing goods to fight the war, Americans faced shortages of many consumer goods.

• The government issued coupons for individuals to purchase certain items—such as gasoline and meat—that were rationed.

Wartime America (cont.)


Section 3

• Many Americans helped the war effort by planting victory gardens, collecting scrap metal, or joining in civil defense.

Wartime America (cont.)


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

How did the American economy change when the U.S. entered World War II?

A. Many women lost their jobs.

B. Factories shifted to producing tanks.

C. African American workers faced discrimination.

D. The military began drafting workers.


Section 3

Women and Minorities

World War II brought new opportunities to women and minorities, but inequalities remained.


Section 3

• Women were needed to fill the vacancies in the labor force left by men going to war.

• About 1 million African Americans served in the armed forces during World War II.

• The 332nd Fighter Group, known as the Tuskegee Airmen, shot down more than 200 enemy planes.

Women and Minorities (cont.)


Section 3

• President Roosevelt established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to combat discrimination in industry.

• Thousands of Native Americans left reservations to work in defense industries and serve in the armed forces.

• A group of Navajo soldiers known as the “code talkers” used a special code based on the Navajo language to send messages that the Japanese could not decipher.



Section 3

• More than 250,000 Latinos served in the armed forces.

• The bracero program recruited thousands of farm and railroad works from Mexico to work in American industry.



Section 3

• Although about two-thirds of Japanese Americans were Nisei—American citizens who were born in the United States—many people questioned their loyalty.

– President Roosevelt directed the army to relocate more than 100,000 Japanese Americans who lived on the West Coast to internment camps.



Section 3

– In 1944 in Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What did the Supreme Court decision of Korematsu v. United States state?

A. Internment camps were unconstitutional.

B. Internment camps were constitutional.

C. Japanese Americans could not join the U.S. military.

D. Survivors of internment camps should receive $20,000.


Section 3-End



What strategies did the Allies pursue in Europe and Africa to defeat the Axis Powers in World War II?



Section 4-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• siege

• genocide

• Holocaust

• concentration camp

Academic Vocabulary

• concentrate • tense

Reading Guide



Section 4-Key Terms


• Dwight D. Eisenhower

• George Patton

• Operation Overlord

• D-Day

• V-E Day

• Harry S. Truman




A. A

B. B


Given the wartime situation, should Japanese Americans have been put into camps during World War II?

A. Yes

B. No

A B

0%0%


Section 4

North African Campaign

Allied armies fought a successful campaign against Axis forces in North Africa.


Section 4

• Allied leaders decided to concentrate on defeating Hitler before dealing with Japan.

• Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed to attack Germany in North Africa first.

– In November 1942, the British defeated German general Rommel at the battle of El Alamein.

– British and American forces led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower drove the Germans out of North Africa in May 1943.

North African Campaign (cont.)


Section 4

• American general George Patton and British general Bernard Montgomery took Rome, Italy, in June 1944.

North African Campaign (cont.)


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Who commanded the German forces in North Africa?

A. Dwight D. Eisenhower

B. George Patton

C. Erwin Rommel

D. Benito Mussolini


Section 4

The Tide Turns in Europe

From 1944 to 1945, the Allies fought a two-front war in Europe to defeat the Nazis.


Section 4

• In 1941, German troops began a siege of Leningrad that lasted 900 days; however, the Germans could not take the city.

• The Germans were also unsuccessful in their attempts to take Moscow, the Russian capital, and Stalingrad, a major industrial port.

The Tide Turns in Europe (cont.)

World War II in Europe and Africa


Section 4

• As the Soviets pushed toward Germany from the east, the Allies were tense as they prepared for Operation Overlord—the invasion of occupied Europe.

• On June 6, 1944, or D-Day, the Allies began their invasion of Europe.

• On August 25, 1944, French and American troops liberated Paris.


D-Day, June 6, 1944


Section 4

• The Germans counterattacked in Belgium, but were eventually defeated in the Battle of the Bulge.

• Realizing the situation was hopeless, Hitler committed suicide in Berlin on April 30, 1945.


D-Day, June 6, 1944


Section 4

• Germany signed an unconditional surrender on May 7, and the Allies declared May 8 V-E Day for “Victory in Europe.”

• President Roosevelt died suddenly on April 12, 1945, and Harry S. Truman became president.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

The day the Allies invaded France at the province of Normandy is known as what?

A. Operation Overlord

B. The Battle of the Bulge

C. V-E Day

D. D-Day


Section 4

The Holocaust

The Nazis increased their persecution of the Jews and set up death camps in an effort to kill all of Europe’s Jewish population.


Section 4

• The Nazis planned genocide—wiping out an entire group of people—of the Jews.

• About 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, along with millions of others—Slavs, Roma (Gypsies), communists, homosexuals, and people with handicaps.

• When Hitler gained power in 1933, Jews were quickly deprived of their rights and citizenship.

The Holocaust (cont.)


Section 4

• On November 9, 1938, the Nazis killed many Jews, burned Jewish places of worship, destroyed Jewish shops, and sent about 30,000 Jewish men to concentration camps.

• The mass killing of Jews began when the German army invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.



Section 4

• In January 1942, the Nazis agreed on what they called the “final solution” to destroy the Jews.


– In death camps—such as Auschwitz and Treblinka—healthy prisoners became slave laborers, while the elderly, disabled, sick, and mothers and children were sent to the gas chambers.


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 4

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What people did the Nazis single out for total extermination?

A. Jews

B. Japanese

C. Czechs

D. Communists


Section 4-End



What was the turning point in the war in the Pacific, and what led up to it?



Section 5-Key Terms

Content Vocabulary

• island hopping

• kamikaze

Academic Vocabulary

• secure

• conflict

Reading Guide



Section 5-Key Terms


• Douglas MacArthur

• Bataan Death March

• Battle of Midway

• Guadalcanal

• Battle of Leyte Gulf

• V-J Day




A. A

B. B


Should the United States have used the atomic bomb against Japan?

A. Yes

B. No

A B

0%0%


Section 5

The Pacific Front

The Allies fought the Japanese for four long years in the Pacific.


Section 5

• On the same day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Japanese bombers struck American airfields in the Philippines and on the islands of Wake and Guam—key American bases in the Pacific.

• American general Douglas MacArthur and his Filipino and American troops were forced to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula and the small island fortress of Corregidor.

The Pacific Front (cont.)

Amphibious Warfare


Section 5

• Allied troops surrendered after months of fierce fighting, and more than 20,000 of the troops died during the Bataan Death March to a prison camp.

– General MacArthur had left for Australia to command Allied forces in the Pacific two months prior to the surrender in Bataan.


Amphibious Warfare


Section 5

• James Doolittle’s bombing raid of Tokyo and the American victory in the Battle of the Coral Sea helped improve low American morale.

• The navy destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and hundreds of airplanes in a victory at the Battle of Midway.


War in the Pacific


Section 5

• General MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz adopted a strategy know as island hopping—attacking and capturing certain key islands.

– American forces met stiff resistance when fighting for control of Guadalcanal, but the Americans finally secured the island in February 1943.


War in the Pacific


Section 5

– American forces captured Guam and neighboring islands in June 1944.

– American ships destroyed most of the Japanese fleet at the Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines in October 1944.


• In March and June of 1945, American forces seized the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

• In desperation, the Japanese unleashed suicide pilots known as kamikazes. War in the Pacific


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 5

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

What is the capital city of the Philippines?

A. Guam

B. Guadalcanal

C. Manila

D. Midway


Section 5

The End of the War

American use of the atomic bomb brought about Japan’s surrender in the Pacific conflict.


Section 5

• Although faced with certain defeat, the Japanese continued to fight.

• President Roosevelt created a top-secret operation—the Manhattan Project—to create the first atomic bomb.

• President Truman, who took office after Roosevelt’s death, regarded the atomic bomb as a military weapon and believed it was his duty to use it to save American lives.

The End of the War (cont.)


Section 5

• The Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration, warning that if Japan did not surrender, they faced “prompt and utter destruction.”

• On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days later.

– Between 80,000 and 120,000 people were killed in Hiroshima, and the Nagasaki bomb killed between 35,000 and 74,000 people.



Section 5

• Japan surrendered, and August 15, 1945, was proclaimed V-J Day for “Victory over Japan.”

• World War II was the most destructive conflict in history, with more than 55 million people losing their lives.

– American casualties—about 322,000 dead and 800,000 injured—were high, but light compared to other nations.



A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 5

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

For what event was the Potsdam Declaration a warning?

A. The atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima

B. The attack on Pearl Harbor

C. The D-Day invasion

D. The Midway invasion


Section 5-End


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Vocab1

dictator

a leader who rules with total authority, often in a cruel or brutal manner

Vocab2

fascism

a political system, headed by a dictator, that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Vocab3

anti-Semitism

hostility toward or discrimination against Jews

Vocab4

totalitarian

a political system in which the government suppresses all opposition and controls most aspects of people’s lives

Vocab5

appeasement

accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Vocab6

obtain

to gain

Vocab7

unify

to join together

Vocab8

blitzkrieg

name given to the sudden, violent offensive attacks the Germans used during World War II; “lightning war”

Vocab9

disarmament

removal of weapons

Vocab10

target

an object of attack

Vocab11

fund

source of money

Vocab12

mobilization

gathering resources and preparing for war

Vocab13

ration

to give out scarce items on a limited basis

Vocab14

civil defense

protective measures taken in case of attack

Vocab15

internment camp

detention center where Japanese Americans were moved to and confined during World War II

Vocab16

shift

to move

Vocab17

overseas

across the ocean

Vocab18

siege

military blockade

Vocab19

genocide

the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

Vocab20

Holocaust

the name given to the mass slaughter of Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World War II

Vocab21

concentration camps

prison camps used to hold people for political reasons

Vocab22

concentrate

to focus one’s effort on something

Vocab23

tense

anxious or nervous

Vocab24

island hopping

a strategy used during World War II that called for attacking and capturing certain key islands and using these islands as bases to leapfrog to others

Vocab25

kamikaze

during World War II, a Japanese suicide pilot whose mission was to crash into his target

Vocab26

secure

gain control

Vocab27

conflict

disagreement; war or prolonged struggle

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Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Road to War Section 2:Section 2:War Begins Section 3:Section 3:On the Home Front