Spivey for the Spirited: Introduction and Action Expanders S.
Hutson
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This To THIS! In just minutes a day!
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From acorn To tree
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Imagine that the roots of a tree are words. The trees trunk is
a simple sentence. The branches are phrases and clauses. Each
individual leaf is a paragraph or page from our writing
portfolio.
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One side of Our Tree will Represent Noun Expanders. One side of
our Tree will represent Action Expanders.
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Start with the MST ( (Main Sentence Trunk ) 5 Criteria for a
Sentence: 1.It must begin with a capital. 2.It must contain a noun
as the subject. 3.It must contain a verb as the predicate. 4.It
must end with punctuation:. ! ? 5.It must express a complete
thought.
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Common Nouns boy principal park city vampire building Proper
Nouns Joey Mrs. Stillman Central Park San Diego Dracula Twin Towers
Nouns answer the question Who or What?
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Single Subject Pronouns I You He She It Plural Subject Pronouns
We You They Single Object Pronouns Me You Him Her It Plural Object
Pronouns Us You Them
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Run zip, dart, jog, race, canter, sprint, rush Walk amble,
saunter, hike, parade, march, stride, trudge, stroll, lumber Say
exclaim, state, vocalize, declare, ramble Verbs answer the question
Does / Did / Will Do What Action ?
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Like top hats and bow ties, Articles are Optional A man jogged.
/ Mr. Short jogged. An elephant lumbered. / Babar lumbered. The
teacher rambled. / Mrs. Hutson rambled.
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MST = (Article: A, An, or The) + Noun + Verb.
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Use Specific Nouns and Vivid Verbs Use word choice to make even
simple sentences
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The horse ran. Can become The majestic chestnut mare
galloped.
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First, mark the capital by underlining the first letter three
times. Second, circle the noun. Next, zigzag the verb by drawing
four small triangles under it. Finally, circle the ending
punctuation. 4 codes should equal a complete thought. A crocodile
slithered.
The crying boy pouted. (Which boy pouted?) The frustrated
teacher grimaced. (Which teacher grimaced?) The calm water pooled.
(Which body of water pooled?) Code your MSTs / Color your
adjectives
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When Expanders tell When the action took place. The sea turtle
swam. When did the sea turtle swim? After midnight, the sea turtle
swam. The sea turtle swam after midnight. (Notice the When Expander
can be written Before or After the MST. Recipe for When Expanders:
MST + When Expander When Expander, MST
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When Signal Words As After Before During Since Until When At On
While When phrases As the tide came in After midnight Before the
sun rose During the storm Since the beginning of time Until he was
safe At the start of the feeding cycle On Sunday While at the
island
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As the storm set in, the sea turtle swam. After the rain storm,
the sea turtle swam. Before she ate, the sea turtle swam. The sea
turtle swam during the night. The sea turtle had been swimming
since sunrise.
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Until she knew she was safe, the sea turtle swam. The sea
turtle swam when the whale chased her. At dawn, the sea turtle
swam. On the eve of the storm, the sea turtle swam.
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During the storm, the turtle swam during the storm. After the
rains, the turtle swam after the rains. While sharks slept, the
turtle swam while sharks slept. Until she was safe, the turtle swam
until she was safe.
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Where Expanders tell Where the action took place. The sea
turtle swam. Where did the sea turtle swim? Above the coral, the
sea turtle swam. The sea turtle swam above the coral. (Notice the
Where Expander can be written Before or After the MST. Recipe for
Where Expanders: MST + Where Expander Where Expander, MST
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Above Across Along Against Around Before Behind Below Beneath
Down From Inside Near On Outside Over Past Toward Under Upon
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along the shore against the current around the island before
the great reef behind the sail boat upon the rocks toward the
bay
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The sea turtle swam against the current. The sea turtle swam
outside the bay. The sea turtle swam past the ship. Beneath the
ships hull, swam the sea turtle. Around the island, the sea turtle
swam.
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Along the reef, the turtle swam along the reef. Near the boat,
the turtle swam near the boat. Over the wave, the turtle swam over
the wave. Upon the tide, the turtle swam upon the tide. Recipe
Reminder: MST + Where Action Expander Where Action Expander,
MST
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Why Expanders tell Why the action took place. The sea turtle
swam. Why did the sea turtle swim? To avoid the whale, the sea
turtle swam. The sea turtle swam because she needed to reach shore.
(Notice the Why Expander can be written Before or After the MST.
Recipe for Why Expanders: MST + Why Expander Why Expander, MST
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Why Signal Words Because Since So that To + action verb In
order to Why Phrases because he was tired since she had to make up
for time lost so that she could lay her eggs to reach shore in
order to survive (to survive)
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In order to find her mate, the turtle swam. The turtle swam
since she had to lay her eggs.
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To find some food, the turtle swam to find some food. Since he
was hungry, the turtle swam since he was hungry. So that he could
eat, the turtle swam so that he could eat Recipe Reminder: MST +
Why Action Expander Why Action Expander, MST
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Yes, we can start a sentence with because If We follow it with
an MST. Because she needed a place to lay her eggs, the turtle
swam. (This is a complete sentence.) Because she needed a place to
lay her eggs is NOT a complete sentence. It is a FRAGMENT - a piece
of a sentence.
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Because she was a fast swimmer, the sea turtle escaped because
she was a fast swimmer. Because she was able to hide, the sea
turtle escaped because she was able to hide. Because the ocean
coral disguised her, the sea turtle escaped because the ocean coral
disguised her.
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Actually, all Action Expanders are fragments. Each Expander is
added to an already complete, simple sentence. So, make sure you
follow or precede your Expander with an MST. MST + Action Expander
or Action Expander, MST
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Which of these is a fragment? 1. Because I want to. 2. Around
the road and through the tunnel. 3. When she was biking. 4. He ran.
5. Because she was tired, she took a nap.
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How Expanders tell How the Who / What acted. The sea turtle
swam. How did the sea turtle swim? Quickly, the sea turtle swam.
The sea turtle swam quickly. (Notice the How Expander can be
written Before or After the MST. Recipe for When Expanders: MST +
How Expander How Expander, MST
ADD LY Nervous / Nervously Sad / Sadly Kind / Kindly Loud /
Loudly Eager / Eagerly DROP Y ADD ILY Hungry / Hungrily Dainty /
Daintily DROP E ADD LY Gentle / gently Adorable / adorably
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With Without Like Unlike By As with a song in her heart without
a care in the world like her mother before her unlike her brother
by being courageous As quietly as possible
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Like the bright sun rising over the east, Lilly awoke with a
great big smile. Leo moved through the grass like a cat. David ran
to the cafeteria as quickly as a bunny. As gently as a butterfly,
Flora fluttered to her desk.
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Gently, the sea turtle laid her eggs gently. Sadly, the sea
turtle swam away sadly. Like a small boat setting sail, the sea
turtle swam toward the rising sun like a small boat setting sail.
Comma after Before Expanders Period at sentences end.
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Condition Expanders tell what the situation is regarding the
action. Even though the sea turtle swam quickly, she was unable to
escape the shark. (What was the sea turtles situation?) She couldnt
swim faster than her predator. (Notice the Condition Expander can
be written Before or After the MST. Condition Expander, MST MST +
Condition Expander
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Although Though If Even if Even though Unless Despite In spite
of regardless
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Although the sea was rough, the sea turtle was able to reach
the shore. If the sea turtle were any less determined, she would
never be able to swim so many miles. Despite the cold water, turtle
babies are able to protect themselves with their thick skin.
Regardless of the risk, female sea turtles trudge along the shore
to lay their eggs.
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In spite of the oil spill, the sea turtle was able to find
fresh sea weed in spite of the oil spill. Even though people are
more careful about protecting the ocean, the creatures of the sea
still remain in danger even though people are now more careful
about protecting the ocean.
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After the storm, the sea turtle swam to shore in order to lay
her eggs. (Code and name the Expanders) When she had laid all her
eggs, the sea turtle waddled back into the sea even though a storm
was fast approaching. (Code and name the Expanders.)
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Different sentence beginnings. Only repeat beginnings for
intentional effect. (Example: He was a stressed out guy. He was a
teacher.) Varied sentence lengths. Count totals of words in each
sentence. Make sure you have some long, languid sentences (30 words
or more), some short power sentences (one to three or four words
long, and some in between sentences. Keep sentences interesting by
combing action expanders together in several sentences.
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On the eve of a menacing storm, a large sea turtle crawled from
the blue frothy waves toward the sandy beach. Flump. Flump. Flump.
Flump. She scratched her fins into the sand to raise her enormous
form up the bank. As she lay her eggs, she heard human voices. She
knew she must cover her eggs well in order for them to go
undiscovered and unharmed.
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Female sea turtles live in the sea but must come to shore to
lay their eggs in the sand. Mother sea turtles choose the dead of
night to crawl onto the shore and often amble laboriously over
several feet of sand in order to lay their eggs in a safe place
along the shore. Regardless of the care she shows in depositing her
eggs, only one or two out of the hundred- egg batch will live to
adulthood.
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Onomatopoeia What goes Whoosh Hissssss Bang Grrrr Thump
Whack
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Oh surprise"Oh! You scared me!" pain"Oh! I feel sick." Sarcasm
or requestOh, please! Ouch pain"Ouch! That hurts!"
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Ah pleasure"Ah, that chocolate is so good." understanding"Ah,
now I see." Hey attention"Hey! Watch out!" surprise, joy"Hey! What
a great idea!"
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Hmm hesitation, doubt or disagreement Hmm. Im not so sure. Wow!
Surprise Wow! Thats interesting!