Spinor Microfine Cement - Sika · 2020-02-13 · Due to its large range of grain size distribution, and enhanced by the addition of dispersing agents (e.g. naphtalene-based superplasticiser),

SPINOR® The microcement designed for oilwell cementing,soil & rock grouting, rehabilitation of damaged structures andhigh-performance solutions

Committed, together, to success

2 | Spinor® EQIOM

Summary3 Spinor® at a glance6 Main applications of Spinor®6 - Injection of soils and rocks : dam grouting, rock grouting, mining11 - Rehabilitation of damaged structures13 Recommendations14 References

Grand Couronne (France) Metro of Barcelone (Spain)

Applications (Ref. 1)

(1) Incl. Tunnels or covered trenchs, etc.(2) Incl. Nuclear reactor(3) Spinor® is used as an additive for its hydraulic properties

Purpose Material Construction Field Segment

Inje

ctio

n

Consolidation and stanching

Fine sands Underground works (1)

Soils & rocksAlluviums, … Foundations

Rocks (schists, etc.) Cut-off Walls

Rehabilitation Masonries, concrete(micro-cavities,...)

Historical monuments

Damaged structure

Viaducts, aqueducts

Bridges

Dykes, embankments

Sewages

Dams

Power Plant(2)

Consolidation and Regeneration Rocks, Slurries(micro-cracks,...) Well (oil, gas, water) Well

Spinor®

3 | Spinor® EQIOM

What is Spinor® ?• Spinor® is a product range of fine to ultra-fine blast furnace

slag binders with a maximum grain size distribution from 48 µm to 6 µm. (Ref. 2 & 3)

• The 100% passing (D100-Dmax) is considered to name the grade. For instance, all the grains of Spinor® A12 are finer than 12 µm, and the 12 µm is the coarser grain.

• Such fines and ultra-fines require dispersing agents in order to defloculate the grains.

• A dedicated, unique manufacturing site was designed for ultrafine binders (“UFB”) in the area of the LUMBRES’ plant (North of France). Indeed, an ordinary process - consisting of separating fines from the production of conventional cements - prevents from achieving an optimized and consistent quality.

• For the integrity of the constructions (well, structures, etc.), you - as the providers of solutions and technologies - can expect nothing less than consistency and reliability.

UFB workshop of Lumbres plant.

2 fundamental features 1. Slag based binder 2. Optimised grain size distribution

- A grinding precision of a few microns - A high level of accuracy in the distribution control of grain size

At a glance

High performance solutions Ready-to-use or Ready-Mix products Concretes, mortars, slurries, layers, paints (3)

Stock of selected high blast furnace slag.

4 | Spinor® EQIOM

A wide range of particle size distributions vs. traditional cements (Ref. 2)

1 10 100

Spinor A6 Spinor A12 Spinor A16

Spinor A20 CEM I CEM III C

0

20

40

60

80

100

Diameter (Mesh, µm)

Pass

ing

(%)

Sp

ino

r®

cem

ent

100 µm

20 µm

16 µm

12 µm

6 µm

Specific gravity (g/cm3) 2,94 2,94 2,94 2,94

Bulk density 0,60 0,70 0,70 0,80

Diameter / passing (%) µm (inf. or equal to)

µm (inf. or equal to)



D100 6 12 16 20

D98 n.c. 10 14 16

D95 4 7 12 14

D85 3 5 9 11

D50 1,7 3 4 6

Chemical and physical characteristics (Ref. 3)

Ultrafines

A6 A12 A16 A20

GBFS % > 80 % > 80 % > 80 % > 80 %

CaO 44 % 44 % 44 % 44 %

SiO2 31 % 31 % 31 % 31 %

Al2O3 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 %

Laser granulometer Coulter

*OPC: Ordinary Portland Cement

5 | Spinor® EQIOM

Benefits• Spinor® is an hydraulic binder. It can be also used as an

additive for complex mix-design• Excellent durability (of grout and structures)• Excellent injectability (penetration ability)• High resistance to aggressive media• Eco-friendly (not polluting the environment, enabling the

durability of the hardened grout, etc.) • Cost-effectiveness• Rheological performance (very low viscosity and yield value)• Flexibility of use• Excellent protection of steel bars in concrete• Absence of long term segregation

Logistics information

Quality and developmentsEQIOM commit in a continuous quality plan of the microcement (quality controls) and can help develop new solutions and technologies of our clients via tailored testings.

Amongst a set of technical requirements , our Technical Center of Lesquin (France) controls notably:• Injectability & penetrability (sand column, water-flow cube,

PTE, etc.)• Setting time and mechanical resistances• Bleeding, filtration, etc.

Sack (4)

Spinor® Location Weight (kg) Pallet - Trucks (Metric Tons) Export Pallet (Metric Tons) MTO/MTS (2)

A6 Lumbres 20 0,80 0,80 MTS

A12 Lumbres 25 1,25(3) 1,00 MTS

A16 Lumbres 25 1,00 1,00 MTO

A20 Lumbres 25 1,00 1,00 MTS

Bentocem(1) Homblières 25 1,25 1,25 MTO

(1) 1 or 2 dose of Reactive Bentonite per sack of Spinor® => 2 to 4 cartons of this additive per pallet of Spinor®(2) Made To Order (MTO), Made To Stock (MTS)(3) Pallet size: 1,20 x 1 m x 1,15 m (height.)(4) Palletization: • Export pallet (according to ISPM 15)• 2 plastic protections • Wooden layer on the top (according to ISPM 15)• Warehousing: 3 levels

For each project (quantity, delivery time, etc.), EQIOM evaluate the most appropriate solution (truck, container, etc.) in order to ensure the complete customer satisfaction.

6 | Spinor® EQIOM

Main applicationsof Spinor®

The aims of a typical injection treatment are either• A soil reinforcement in order to

- Support building weight - Allow digging operations

• A soil watertight in order to - Create a waterproof barrier - Create a waterproof area during digging operations

Spinor®: the domains of injectionDue to its large range of grain size distribution, and enhanced by the addition of dispersing agents (e.g. naphtalene-based superplasticiser), the Spinor®-containing grout surpasses the groutability of conventional Portland cement/bentonite suspensions.2 geotechnical parameters are considered for the prescription of materials (Ref. 4)• the soil permeability • the grain size distribution of the soil

The injectability of Spinor® grouts enables the treatment of soils which get permeability up to 10-5 m/s (Spinor® A6 grout), 10-4 m/s (Spinor® A12 grout) and 5x10-3 m/s (Spinor® A20 grout). Measures of permeability that have been carried out in laboratory on hardened grouts (from columns of sand testings)show a significant decrease of the permeability (e.g. decrease from 10-4 m/s to 10-6 m/s with a Spinor® A12 grout).

The injection of grouts of Spinor® A12 and Spinor® A6 are alternatives to the injection of silicate gels in fine soils.

The Spinor® grouts (namely based on Spinor® A12) are typically related to the following constructions:• Underground projects (tunnels, sewerage systems, …)• Building or repair of structures (dams, bridges, viaducts, …)• Special foundations

Regarding the underground construction projects, Spinor® A12 is an option to fill the residual voids, after a first injection phase which has been performed with suspensions of an ordinary cement/bentonite or a coarser Spinor®.

Such an approach helps either to prevent from a likely circulation of water or even to consolidate the soils during the embankment or over the excavation works.

Some applications are therefore• Soils consolidation and waterproofing• Injection of fissures rock• Injection of micro or millimetric inter-annular voids (e.g.

concrete segments)• Under-slab injection

Injectability indicators and limits of penetrability (Ref. 4)

GravelsSands

Silts ClaysCoarse Medium Fine

CementCement/BentoniteBentocem®Spinor® A20Spinor® A16Spinor® A12Spinor® A6Spinor® A6 PremiumSilicate GelsResin

Soil Permeability (m/s)

Grain Size Distribution of Soil (mm)

4 2 0,5 0,25 0,125 0,074

10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6

Injection of soils and rocks

London City airport (United Kingdom)

Metro de Barcelone (Espagne)

7 | Spinor® EQIOM

The benefits of Spinor®• Resistance to aggressive water-soluble agents (sulphates,

chlorides, acids, …)• Excellent durability, once injected, as opposed to gels• Eco-friendly: not polluting for the environment (resistance to

leaching, absence of gas emanations, chemically stable, …), as opposed to silicate gels and certain resins.

• Absence of long term segregation• High penetrability enabled by its very low viscosity and yield

value• Creation and improvement of the soil watertightness• Convenient alternative for treatments of cracked rocks• Cost effective compared to resins

An additional benefit of Spinor®CorrosionThe steel is passivated in this highly alkalin contained grout, and therefore protected to corrosion.

Moreover, the media once efficiently injected is then closed and air-stanched. The carbonation process (which is exhacerbating the corrosion process and contributing to diminish the pH) is very limited or nil.

Recommendations and performance The addition of a superplasticizer with dispersing properties is required to fulfill optimal performances of penetrability; this additive indeed enables the defloculation.

It also improves the rheological properties (viscosity, yield value,…) and the stability of the suspensions.

For special grout properties (stabilized, accelerated grouts, etc.), specific formulations and recommendations could be provided.

The figures related to bleeding are communicated for information only, and do not indicate the results obtained after the grout injection.

Spinor® A6 - Examples of mix designs (Tab. 1)

W/C C/WComposition of 1 m3 grout

Grout specific gravitySpinor® A6 (kg) Water (liter) Superplasticizer (kg)*

1,5 0,66 541 805 21,64 1,36

* Liquid: additive density: 1,2 – naphtalene sulfonate The additive rate has been optimized to 4 % by weight of Spinor® A6.

Performance of Spinor® A6 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 2)The grouts (described in tab. 1) permeate soils consisting in sands of 0,08 to 0,215 mm (i.e. permeability of 10-5 m/s) and are able to achieve a permeability coefficient of around 10-7 m/s.

W/C C/W Flow time Marsh cone (sec.)*

Plastic viscosity at t0 (mPa.s)

Free water After 3 hours (%)**

Gelling time*** (hours)

Compressive mechanical strength after 7 days (MPa)****

1,5 0,66 31 2,5 13 6 12,0

* Aperture: 4,75 mm – reference water: 27 seconds** Measured in 1 liter testing tubes*** According to AFTES**** Measured on grouted sand (granulometry: 0,08 – 0,215 mm)

Spinor® A12 - Examples of mix designs (Tab. 3)The range of use of Spinor® A12 in terms of C/W runs from 0,33 to 1. For these following compositions, the additive rate has been optimized to 3,7 % by weight of Spinor® A12.

W/C C/WComposition of 1 m3 grout


3 0,33 300 890 11,10 1,20

2 0,50 430 845 15,91 1,29

1,5 0,66 541 805 20,02 1,37

1 1,00 754 730 27,90 1,50

* liquid: additive of density: 1,2 – naphtalene sulfonate.

8 | Spinor® EQIOM

Performance of Spinor® A12 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 4)The grouts (described in tab. 3) permeate soils consisting in sands of 0,1 to 0,3 mm (i.e. permeability of 10-4 m/s) and are able to achieve a permeability reduction of around 10-6 m/s.






3 0,33 29 2,5 25 11 6,5

2 0,50 29 2,5 14 8 8,0

1,5 0,66 30 2,5 12 6 10,0

1 1,00 31 3,0 5 5 12,0


Spinor® A20 - Examples of mix design (Tab. 5)The range of use of Spinor® A20 in terms of C/W runs from 0,33 to 2,6. For these following compositions, the additive rate has been optimized to 3,7% by weight of Spinor® A20.

W/C C/WComposition pour 1 m3 de coulis


1,5 0,67 540 798 20,00 1,37

2 0,50 425 840 15,7 1,29

* Liquid: additive of specific gravity: 1.2 - type: naphtalene sulfanate

Performance of Spinor® A20 – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 6)The grouts (described in table 5) permeate soils consisting in sands of around 0,4 to 1,00 mm (i.e. permeability of 5x10-3 m/s) and are able to achieve a permeability coefficient of around 5x10-5 m/s.






1,5 0,67 31,0 3,5 26 7 10,1

2 0,50 29,9 2,7 29 7 5,7


Lyon - extension of metro line B (France) Tunnel de la Ramade (France)

9 | Spinor® EQIOM

Bentocem®EQIOM has designed a new concept and solution to stabilize the injection of grouts - with adjusted fluidity and final strength - for underground operations, civil engineering and rehabilitation.

It consists in a set of 2 products:• The Binder Bentocem®: a 25kg bag of a fine slag-based special

binder• The Stabilizer Bentocem®: one or two doses in water-soluble

pockets containing specially treated reactive sodic bentonites

BenefitsIn addition to the main benefits of Spinor®• A consistent quality of the ingredients• The guarantee of an exact dosage on the jobsite and therefore

of the final performance• The ability to adjust the viscosity of grouts without damaging

the mechanical performances (at equal dosage of binder/cement)

Applications• Consolidation and waterproofing of soils with medium

porosity• Rehabilitation of masonries• Injection in :

- Special foundations and sewages - Inter-annular voids - Wedging of hulls or precast pipings - Voids under slabs or frames - Boring wellhead - Dykes, wharfs, embankments - Cracked concretes or rocks

• Construction of watertight shield• Constructions in contact with aggressive water

Performance of Bentocem® – Rheology and resistance (Tab. 7)The performances depend on the dosage of binder in the grouts, but are equal whatever the dose of stabilizer is. However, the rheological caracteristics are according to the dosage of binder as well as the dosage of stabilizer (1 or 2 doses). The performances presented here below (Tab. 7) are average results from labs at 20°C and given as an indication.

Dosage of binder, kg / m3 of grout

400 (C/W 0,46) 500 (C/W 0,6) 600 (C/W 0,75) 700 (C/W 0,92) 750 (C/W 1,01)

With 1 dose of stabilizer Bentocem® per 25 kg bag of Binder

Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2 40 ± 2 46 ± 2 50 ± 2

Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤ 3 ≤ 2 0 0

Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤ 5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1 0

With 2 doses of stabilizer Bentocem® per 25 kg bag of Binder

Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2 40 ± 2 47 ± 2

Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤ 3 ≤ 2 0

Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤ 5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1

Typical performances with 1 or 2 doses

Compressivestrengths (MPa)(4x4x16)

7 j 2 3 6 10 12

28 j 4,5 5 9 13 15

56 j 5 6 10 15 17

Density of slurry (theorical) 1,28 1,34 1,41 1,48 1,51

Setting time AFTES 4 to 6 hours

Duration of use Till 45 minutes

* Marsh cone, aperture 4,75 mm

10 | Spinor® EQIOM

High dosages of binder In case of high dosages of binder (700 to 750 Kg/m3), it might be necessary to increase the fluidity of the slurry via the addition of 0,6 to 0,8 % (150 à 200 g) of PNS superplasticizer per set of Bentocem® within the mixing water. The caracteristics are then as follows:


700 to 750

Fluidity at cone * t0 (s) 35 ± 2

Bleeding at 2 h (%) ≤ 3

Bleeding at 24 h (%) ≤ 5

The mechanical resistances remain equal to those of slurries without added admixtures

Designs


400 (C/W 0,46) 500 (C/W 0,6) 600 (C/W 0,75) 700 (C/W 0,92) 750 (C/W 1,01)

Quantity to prepare for 1 m3 of grout

Number of sets 16 20 24 28 30

Water (Liter) 850 820 792 756 741

Quantity of water to prepare for 1 set

Water (Liter) 53,1 41 33 27 24,7

Example: to make 1m3 of slurry containing 600 kg of binder per m3 24 sets of Bentocem® and 33 liters of water per set are necessary (1 set = 1 bag of 25 kg Binder + 1 dose).

Making of grout Define the mix design of the grout according to the frames of performances. The Bentocem grouts are made with similar equipments used for OPC-containing slurries (high turbulence mixer or turbo mixer at 1.500 RPM).

1. Introduce the water quantity that corresponds to the number of sets to be mixed.

2. Throw the doses of additif Bentocem® in the mixer and mix at high speed untill complete dissolution of the pockets (1 minute).

3. Introduce the adequate quantity of Binder Bentocem® (25 kg bags) and mix over a period of 3 minutes at high speed.

4. Then inject the grout while keeping the mixture under low agitation.

Strictly follow this sequence of introduction.

PackagingBinder Bentocem®: 25 kg bag, pallet of 40 bags(covered - 1 tons)Additif Bentocem®: dose of 750 g, box of 20 doses.

Unit of order 1 Pallet of Bentocem® = 40 bags of 25 Kg of Binder Bentocem® + 40 doses of additif Bentocem® (2 boxes).

For the grouts that require 2 doses per set, the complementary doses of additif Bentocem® are to be ordered separately. It is recommended to precise the number of additional boxes (box of 20 doses) at the order.

11 | Spinor® EQIOM

Main applications of Spinor®Rehabilitation of damaged structures

The aims of an injection treatment are either • To fill cracks and porous mortars, in order to prevent from

infiltrations and damages of the materials, or• To reinforce weak mortars or concretes so as to recover

normal mechanical resistances.

Features & benefits• Spinor® can fill lower porosity environment and finer micro-

cracks as opposed to ordinary cements.• The high slag content ensures the resistance to aggressive

water soluble agents (sulphates, chlorides, diluted acids, …) and improve the durability of the structure.

• The alcalinity of the product ensures an excellent protection of steel bars in concrete. High-level pH = steel protection.

• The use of a micro-cement is more cost-effective than of resins.

Injection recommendationInjection masonry

Hole depth = 2/3 wall thicknessD = ½ wall thickness

Injection of concrete cracks

The injection is stopped when the product comes out through the next injector, or when the limit pressure is reached.For further technical requirements, please ask us the technical data sheets.

12 | Spinor® EQIOM

How to choose the right product: the main criterion is the cracks width.

Aims of treatment Waterproofing Reinforcement

Cra

cked

Ro

cks

Cracks – discontinuitye = cm to dm Bentocem® Bentocem®

Schistosity – cracks1 mm < e < 1 cm Bentocem®, Spinor® Bentocem®, Spinor®

Micro-cracks0,1 < e < 1 mm Spinor® Spinor®

To each width, an adequate grade of Spinor®

Spinor® Spinor® is an injection alternative to... When the width of cracks is > to...

A6 Resins 50 µm

A12 Gels 100 µm

A20 Gels 160 µm

13 | Spinor® EQIOM

Recommendations

RecommendationsThe additives are generally put into the water before the introduction of Spinor®.

Their dosage is expressed in mass (kg)/mass of Spinor® (kg), that is more commonly mentioned by BWOC.

It is necessary to mix the grout over a period of 5 minutes at least with high energy and to keep it under low agitation during the works of injection.

Bulk supplies entail the use of waterproof and clean silos.

The handling of Spinor® requires the same care as ordinary cement

Equipment for injection (soils and rocks) and rehabilitationAll the Spinor® grouts require the same equipment on site, as conventional cement suspensions:• 1 high energy mixer (1 500 RPM) or turbo mixer• 1 low agitation vat• 1 grouting pump or press

Safety instructionsSpinor®, as a binder, is an irritant product to the eyes, respiratory tract, mucuous membranes and skin, owing to the partial hydration and resultant high pH.• Avoid contact with skin and eyes.• Avoid breathing in the dust.• To counter flying dust, wear a suitable anti-dust mask.• When handling the product, wear appropriate clothing

(gloves, overalls, boots, …).

In case of grout projection in the eyes or on the skin, wash with drinkable water.

The Safety Data Sheet is available on our website www.eqiom.com

14 | Spinor® EQIOM

References

• Friedrichstrasse – Berlin (Germany)• A86 Ouest – (France)• RER Paris – Tunnel Montebello (France)• RER Paris – Tunnel Malaquais (France)• RER Paris – Station Eole (France)• Metro of Barcelone (Spain)• Metro of London – Shepherds Bush (UK)• Kow-Loon Station (Metro of Hong Kong) • Metro of Vienna (Austria)• Tunnel of Storebaelt (Denmark) • Dam of Puentes (Parque de Maquinaria, Spain)• Dam of Esch Sur Sure (Luxembourg)• Dam of Agly (France)• Aquaduct (Agly, France)• Mile End Canal – (London, UK) • Covered trench – TGV, High Speed Train (Avignon,

France)• Mont St Michel – Ramparts & foundations (France) • Basilic of St Martin (Halle, Belgium)• Castle of Counts (Gand, Belgium) • Bridge of Pont Neuf (Paris, France)• Dam of L´Estany de Sant Maurici (Parc Nacional

d´Aigües Tortes - Catalunya) on the cover page

The information data described in this documentation are purely the expression of our knowledge and laboratory test results, carried out in a constant care of objectivity.

They cannot be considered as a guarantee or a commitment in case of faulty use or a different application from those described in this document.

15 | Spinor® EQIOM

EQIOM49, avenue Georges Pompidou92593 Levallois Perret Cedex T + 33 1 41 06 11 44F + 33 1 41 06 11 46www.eqiom.com

Our entire product range is available on sheetsand on our website www.eqiom.com

©2017 - EQIOM

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Documents

Spinor Microfine Cement - Sika · 2020-02-13 · Due to its large range of grain size distribution, and enhanced by the addition of dispersing agents (e.g. naphtalene-based superplasticiser),