Efficiency of staining hair with indocyanine green.

Tatyana V. Kulyabina*l, Vyacheslav I. KochubeySaratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, Russia

ABSTRACT

The efficiency of staining hair with indocyanine green (ICG)' solution depending on type of hair, natural color, stainingtime and other parameters was investigated. Bonding ICG with hair material occurs due to interaction between ICGmolecules and keratinocyte albumin. The penetration of ICG dye into hair meets with difficulties owing to surfaceprotective layer.

Keywords: Indocyanine green, human hair

INTRODUCTION

Indocyanine green is well known as a dye widely used for medicine purposes. The field of ICG application involvesophthalmology28, dermatology9, blood flow mesurements'°, diagnostics of burn11, tissue soldering'2,pharmacokinetics'°, liver function study'°', human skin staining for medical treatment and diagnostics 13,14 and manyothers. Our research is necessary to improve the staining technique and efficiency of this process. Keratinization oftissue cells embarrasses dye penetration into a hair and this mechanism needs additional investigations owing to itsimportance and ambiguity.

THE MAIN TASKS AND METHODS

The purpose of our research was study of the efficiency of staining hair with indocyanine green (ICG) solutiondepending on type ofhair, natural color, staining time, and other parameters.

Strands of dark and blond natural hair and fleece were investigated. Some part of samples was discolored by hydrogenperoxide solution or was processed by low alkaline solution to preliminary destruct near-surface keratin. Specimenswere stained with ethanol ICG solution (concentration of the dye was 1 mg/ml). Then strands were bathed to removeunbound dye and the spectra were recorded in the range 400-900 nm by means of a standard CARY 2415spectrophotometer.

THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The experimental results are presented in Figs 1-5.

Behavior of all of the spectra depends on type of the hair, natural color, staining time, content of keratin and melanin incells. Increase of staining time gives rise to change in staining degree. Comparison of figures 1 and 3 shows thatefficiency of staining are improved after damage of upper hair flake layer. The staining of hair with different naturalcolor leads to a shift ofabsorption maximum by about 1 1 nm (787 nm for dark and 798 nm for light hairs in Fig. I ). Thisis due to interaction between ICG molecules and cytoplasm protein. The reflection spectra are more informative thantransmission spectra (Fig.2-3). The experimental spectra in Fig.5 serve for verification of supposition that fleece isstained better than hairs because fleece has more loose structure. Protective layer on fleece practically defaults.

'E-mail: fdsay@mail.ru

Saratov Fall Meeting 2004: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine VI,edited by Valery V. Tuchin, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5771 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2005)

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75 798nm

65

60

55

'508 s0 40Cl).S'? 35ECl) 30

. 2520

15

10

5

0

15

14-

13-

9-: 12-ci)0C.)

. 11-C.)ci1O-

900

70

700400 500 600

w avele n gthl,n m

Figure 1 . The transmission spectra of light and dark hair strands stained in ICG ethanol solution during 30 mm (1), 45mm (2), 60 mm (3).

800

after alkaline

9-

8-

400 500 600 700 800 900wavelength nm

Figure 2. The reflection spectra of dark hair after treatment by low alkaline solution and staining by ICG solution.

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9-9G)000Cl)Cl)

ECl)

CO 3-

0-

15-

12-

6

after alkaline

staining by ICG

I I I I I400 500 600 700 800 900

wavelength l,nm

Figure 3. The transmission spectra of dark hair after treatment by low alkaline solution and staining by ICG solution.

14.0-

13.5-

13.0-12.5-

12.0-

11.5

o 11.0Q 10.5-9-(I) 10.0-

95.9.0-

C.)a)"-a)

8.0-7.5

7.0-

6.5-

after discotorate

I

wurtn450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

wavelengthl,n m

Figure 4. The reflection spectra of dark hair after/without treatment by peroxide hydrogen solution and staining by ICGethanol solution.

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40

35

30

a)0C-) 25C00G)

a) 20

15

10600

Figure 5. The reflection spectra ofhairs and fleece after staining by ICG ethanol solution.

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

As hairs scatter light strongly, scattering coefficient gives the main contribution in formation of transmission spectra.Determination of scattering coefficient fluctuation is difficult. When we analyse the spectra without mathematicaltreatment the hair reflection spectra under study are more worth as more informative and less noisy (due to high lightsignal). One of the main problems of the spectra analyze is significant scattering of light by sample surfaces.Additional mathematical treatments are need to determinate absorption band maximum.

Difference in sample staining degree is most likely due to different structure and density of hair. Efficiency of stainingalso depends on interaction between ICG molecules and hair melanin and keratinocytes. Hairs decolorized andprocessed by low alkaline solution demonstrate different characters of the spectra.

It is obviously that fleece is stained better than hairs because fleece has more loose structure. This is apparent fromcomparison of the spectra of the staining fleece and hair. Low efficiency of hair staining is due to presence of densehair-surface layer which consists of keratin flakes preventing dye penetration into hair and bonding with cytoplasmicprotein of keratinocytes. Hairs decolorized and processed by low alkaline solution (this treatment is attended withpartial break of surface layer) are stained more intensively than without treatment.

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fleece

650 700 750 800 850 900

wavelength nm

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