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Spelling. Grammar Chapter 16. Spell by syllables. Overpronouncing each syllable of a long word will often help you spell it correctly. Unnecessary Disappoint Underage Misspell Personally Gentleness Beautiful. Look up the spellings of doubtful words. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SpellingGrammar Chapter 16
Spell by syllablesOverpronouncing each syllable of
a long word will often help you spell it correctly.◦Unnecessary◦Disappoint◦Underage◦Misspell◦Personally◦Gentleness◦Beautiful
Look up the spellings of doubtful words.Use a dictionary to help you spell
words with confusing spelling.Use dictionary.com.Use spell check.
Spelling is a serious error, a letter grade off on a college paper.
Keep a list of words that are problematic for you.Words should stay on this list until
you know how to spell them.Write these words several times,
concentrating on appearance and sound.
Study these words three or four different days.
Have someone quiz you over the words.
Making English Words PluralIn the summers my family takes a
trip to my uncle’s house near the citys of Minneapolis and St. Paul. My uncle has over one hundred sheeps on his farm. My six-year-old twin brothers say that their favorite part of visiting Uncle Jim is riding his two ponys. Uncle Jim told them, “I’m glad that you childs aren’t triplets; if you were, I’d have to buy another pony!”
Making English Words PluralIn the summers my family takes a
trip to my uncle’s house near the citys of Minneapolis and St. Paul. My uncle has over one hundred sheeps on his farm. My six-year-old twin brothers say that their favorite part of visiting Uncle Jim is riding his two ponys. Uncle Jim told them, “I’m glad that you childs aren’t triplets; if you were, I’d have to buy another pony!”
Making English Words PluralIn the summers my family takes a
trip to my uncle’s house near the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. My uncle has over one hundred sheep on his farm. My six-year-old twin brothers say that their favorite part of visiting Uncle Jim is riding his two ponies. Uncle Jim told them, “I’m glad that you children aren’t triplets; if you were, I’d have to buy another pony!”
If the word ends in ch, sh, s, x, or z, add es.March marchesPush pushesGenius geniusesTax taxesBuzz buzzes
If the word ends in a consonant followed by y, change the final y to i and add es.
Poppy poppiesPony poniesRally ralliesDeny denies
If the word ends in a vowel followed by y, add s.Key keysToy toys
If the word ends in f or fe, consult your dictionary. For most, add s; for others, change the f to v and add es.
Roof roofsSafe safesLeaf leavesShelf shelves
If the word ends in o, consult your dictionary. For most, add es; for others add s.
Tomato tomatoesPotato potatoesEcho echoesSolo solosPhoto photos
Add s to most other words.Look looksBugBugsMenu menusBone bones
Some nouns have irregular plural forms. Consult your dictionary for nouns with irregular plurals.
Ox oxenGoose geeseDeer deer
i before e except after c or when sounding like a as in neighbor or weigh
ShriekShieldGrieve
CeilingReceiptconceit
FreightVeinweight
ExceptionsCaffeineLeisureProteinSeizeSheikWeirdEitherneither
Class WorkGrammar exercise 16-1Grammar exercise 16-3
HomeworkGrammar exercise 16-2Grammar exercise 16-4
Doubling a final consonant: If a one-syllable word ends with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.
Snob snobbery
Doubling a final consonant: If a multisyllabic word with its main accent on the final syllable ends with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.Occur occurring
If a word ends with a single consonant preceded by a double vowel, do not double the final consonant before adding a suffix.Droop droopedGreet greeted
Change the final y to I before adding a suffix if a consonant precedes the y.
Baby babiedPlenty plentifulSixty sixtieth
If the suffix itself begins with i, don not change the final y to i.
Cry cryingCarry carrying
Drop the final silent e preceded by a consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.Hope hopingLike likableUsing
Exceptions: noticeable, courageous
Keep the final silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a consonant.Hope hopelessLike likelyUse useful
Exceptions: truly, argument, judgment
Class WorkGrammar exercise 16-5
HomeworkGrammar exercise 16-6Grammar exercise 16-7
DictionaryMost common tool used for
learning about words and languages
Gives a word’s spelling, syllabification, pronunciation, definitions, different forms, parts of speech, synonyms and/or antonyms, and capitalization
May list abbreviations, geographic names, and biographical names
May include a brief history of words
TermsGuide words- pair of words that
tell you the first and last word defined on that page◦Words are listed alphabetically.
Entry- the word being defined◦Use for proper spelling of a word.
Practice!Exercise 17-1Exercise 17-2Exercise 17-3
Pronouncing the WordSyllabification- shown by dots between
each syllable◦ac-qui-esce
Pronunciation- respelling of a word that shows you how to pronounce the word correctly◦[ak-wee-es]
Pronunciation guide- lists the symbols used in that dictionary to represent sounds
Accent mark- indicates which syllables will be emphasized, or stressed, when pronounced
Practice!Exercise 17-4Exercise 17-5Exercise 17-6
Using the WordFunction label- indicates the entry
word’s part of speech◦Verb (used without an object
Definition- meaning of the word◦to assent tacitly; submit or comply
silently or without protest; agree; consent
Using the WordSynonyms- words with the same
or similar meaning◦accede, concur; capitulate
Antonyms- words with the opposite meaning◦contest, protest
Etymology- the word’s history◦1610–20; < Latin acquiēscere to find
rest in, equivalent to ac- ac- + quiē- (see quiet2 ) + -sc- inchoative suffix + -ere infinitive suffix
Practice!Exercise 17-7Exercise 17-8
Dictionary Drills!