Speed Square Instruction Book 1983

8/12/2019 Speed Square Instruction Book 1983

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THESPEESQU RE

SPEE LINE

SW NSON S BOOKOF

R FTER LENGTHS ND

ROOF CONSTRUCTION

rame Your Roofs as asilyas Your Studdings or Joists


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TheSP LINE

SPEED LINE

SWANSON T CO., INC.P Box 434 Oak Lawn, III. 60454

Phone: 312) 599-902998 Swanson Tool o Inc


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IT M 1 3

THE SWANSON S W SET in just a few minutes time will reset theteeth on any general use type combinationblade approx. fs or more point to pointof tooth . Wide handle holds blade sti ff ,removing any spr ing f rom blade as you settooth. Narrow handle is placed over toothto be set as shown above and presseddown against adjusting screw to theamount of set desired. Wide handle has alarger slot for heavy table saw blades.

Made of strong aluminum alloy. Savestime and money. A practical on the jobsaw set at a reasonable price. Has instruc-tions fo r set ting and sharpening. File notincluded .

SW NSON SPEE SQU RTOOL POUCH

Tools not includedItem 1 4

Heavy 8 oz. Top Grain owhide Leather _ capped rivet

pouch for th e tool ou always need at your ide. Pocket for Swan on peed quare Large hammer loop. Tape pocket for 25 x I tape. Ideal for home project an d tradesman on the job


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Included i a cale along the edge of the innertriangle mea uring from out ide edge of quare edgewith 6 cale on both ide). The dotted line arethe 1 ,2 , and 3 mark with inch in between.1hi help to layout or mea ure on both ide of amer up to inche width of tud ithout changing the po ition of quare. Both ide of quare havethi cale.

THE SCALE. 0.90 DEGREES. ACROSS BOTTOM(LONG LEG) OFSOUR ALLOWSUSERTO MARKAND MEASURE HIS WORK IN DEGREES. EACHHEAVY LO K l iNE IS WIDE. EACHSPACE IS2 WIDE. THIS MAKES IT MUCH EASIER FOR THEY TO PICK OUT A LOCATION ON THESCALE.

IS0

aGED UCliONOf DEGaIE S LE

SWANSON SP TM T S

BUTT MARKER

Write for current price or see Local Dealer

Pro ide accurate morti e in door and jambailable for W and 4 Hinge size. Instructionfor hanging door included.tem 1 5 - 3 12tem 1 6


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THE ONE NUMBER METHODFOR ANY PITCHED ROOF

The one number method developed by theSwanson Tool Co simplifies roof framing towhere roofs are really framed as easily asyour studdings or joists.Following is a brief description of the vari-

ous rafters, how to get the different cuts,where to measure from. what is meant byrun and rise, information about the hipand valley rafter, etc.This book has been rewritten with the use ofmore pictures in the hope it will be of greaterbenefit to those who are not as familiar withroof construction as the tradesman. Good plan-ning will save time and material.

NOW W T FULL 9 DEGREE SCALEThe square has been redesigned with theaddition of a full 90 degree scale, which willenable the user to mark any angle in degrees,as well as all the angles represented in inchrise per foot run. You can easily convert de-grees to inch rise or vice versa at a glance.The square makes an excellent guide for theelectric saw to run against and is very handyfor trim work.

2

COMMON RAFTER: One running at rightangles 90 0 from plate to ridge. The commonrafter will form the diagonal leg hypothe-nuse of a 90 0 triangle, with the rise and runforming the 9 0 angle of the triangle F ig. 1 ).Fig. 1 also shows correct points from whichto measure. Study them and remember thepicture when you arc on the job. Where the

arrows show If Rafter Length . these arethe lines to measure from. When your lumberis not straight, always pu t the crown or highside up when laying ou t ny rafter. When lay-ing out rafter as shown in Fig. 1 lets assume5 rise), start at top end of rafter. Lay S:Iuareon face of rafter, with T bar of S:Iuaredown over the edge of rafter. Pivot Sluare towhere number 5 on common scale lines upwith same edge of rafter as pivot point. Keeppivot point tight against edge of rafter. Startyour mark at pivot point. marking along topedge of square. See drawing in front of book.This gives the top p um C lt to fit againstridge.e sure the r ft r length along top edge ofrafter. Mark another plumb cut same as above.This line represents outside wall of the build-ing. The same point from which you meas-ured the width of the building). Add what-ever length you want for a tail or eave to therafter lengths given in the table in back ofbook. Mark at end of tail on rafter is plumb


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cut, same as one at top end of rafter Fig. 1).The tails of th e rafters may be cu t on theground, or wait until ra fte rs a re all in placeand mark th e ends to a line and cut-whateveris th e ea iest. To ge t th e Bottom or Heel cuts e Fig. 2.VALLEY RAFTER: One running diagonally from th e plate to the ridge at th e inter

s ction of gable xtension with main roof Fig. 7).HIP RAFTER: One running diagonallyfrom th e plate to th e ridge Fig. 7 ) .Since both hip an d valley rafters ru n at a45 angl to th e common rafter, they bothre pr ese nt t he diagonal or hypothenuse of aright triangle; th e three sides being th e hip.plate and common rafter, or th e valley, ridgeand common rafter. Therefore, th e cuts an dlengths apply equally to hi p and valley rafters

Fig. 3).You will notice the square has a separateHip-Val cale which must be used for eithe ro f t he se two raft r . Bu t always use th e sa lenumber on Hip-Val scale as you used on th ecommon rafter scal the num ber representinginch rise Th e reason for the separate Hip-Valscale is that the hip and valley rafters ru n at

45 to th e common rafter, and therefore mu tbe longer. In Fig. th e hip rafter has ahorizontal ru n of 17 to rise 12 , while th e4

common rafter rises 12 in only 12 of horizontal run. This requires a different angle rth e plumb cuts. In Fig. 4, square is held onrafter and pivoted in th e same manner as witha common rafter. but u sin g th e Hip-Val scale. building is out of squal e, one hi p will becu t a little shorter, depending on how greatth e error is. Keep longer corner at top end ofhi p U p ven with top of ridge. Keep ridge andhips well propped up until roof boards ar enailed. Watch that you don t put a bow inridge or hi p while nailing other rafters tothem.

find inters ctian points of center o f hipson ridge. leave ridge about a foot too long atpoint where both hips inter ec t th e ridge.Take a regular length common rafter (suchs used on main roof). Set bottom cut overedge of plate an d in line with ridge. Make sureyour walls are straig ht. Place top end of common rafter along side of th e ridge, bringingtop point of common even with top of ridge Fig. 5). Mark across top of ridge at thispoint. This mark is th e center line of th e twointersecting hips. Th e common rafter used toget this intersection point would be placed inth e same position as the one in Fig, 7 thatcomes in line with th e ridge and runs underneath th e little dormer on th e 20 0 wall side.This way you know th e rise of th e hips willbe th e same as th e rise of th e common rafter

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on main roof. Leave the bottom ends of thehips (eave end a little short so they will notinterfere with lining up the facia boards atthe corner.

JACK RAFTERS: One which does not extend f rom pla te to ridge. ip ack - one run-n ing from plate to hip at 90 to plate. Valleyack - one running from ridge to valley at90 to ridge. ripple ack - one which neithertouches the ridge nor plate, but runs from a hiprafter to a valley rafter at 90 to the ridgeFig. 7 .

The rise and run of a jack rafter are th esame as that of a common rafter. When mark-ing jacks use the common rafter scale andsame number inch rise . Where rafter restsagainst hip or valley, mark plumb cut. thencu t at 45 angle along this mark. This willgive both plumb cut and side cut Fig. 4 .When resting on ridge or plate, layout thesame as for the common rafters. For cripplejacks, mark plumb cuts on both ends and sawat 45 as above.

When measuring the length of the jackrafter, measure from longest corner plumbcut on 45 to other plumb cut mark. alongop Side same as shown in Fig. 4 for hiprafter . Cripples are measu red from long pointto long point diagonally along top edge. Measuring to the long point Fig. 4 will compen-6

sate for l of the ridge thickness or fo rjacks, l of valley or hip thickness . There isno problem in laying out these angles on therafters as long as you keep in mind which sideof the hip or whatever you want the rafterto fit against. Usually a carpenter will spacethe ceiling joist from an outside wall andworking to a 48 center. This gives properspacing for dry wall or panelling or wh:lteveris used. Proper spacing of ceiling joist will aidin roof construction. Measure shortest jackfirst usually running next to a ceiling joist ,from plate to hip rafter. The difference inl ength of the rest of the jacks is taken fromchar t. Set each rafter along side ceiling joistand spike well. The ceiling joist then ties theroof together.

Figure the rafter material lengths so youcan cut a long and short jack rafter from eachpiece. When you have cu t your shortest jack,the angle of the long end will then fit on theother side of the hip. Do this all the way upthe hip, a lways leaving the cut off end fo r theother side. lumber has crown in it, putcrown on longest cut off piece.

In some cases a carpenter will build thevalley on top of the main roof, not using avalley rafter. This of course would be theeasiest way on any remodeling job, room addition, etc. t saves cutting into and we3.kening the main roof. Mark location of valley on

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distance given for the pitch wanted (measure-ments given in following chart . From thispoint draw a line back to the near left handcorner. These mea u'rements are for a per-fectly square roof. Better check the first piececut for any changes required.For roofs of 6 pitch or steeper, the bevelcan be cut with an electric saw that tilts to

45. For a flatter pitched roof it is best toleave the saw set at 90 and use a valley stripmade as follows: Scribe a line 1,4 from theright hand edge of a 2 piece. With the sawtilted, rip at this line. The strip should be thethickness of the roof boards at the thick edge.

roof boards, 45 to common rafters (SeeDormer, Fig. 7). Set long point of bottomend of rafter even with this line (uG of Fig.7). The top cut of the rafter is the same astop cut of common. Bottom end i a horizontalcut same as Botto: or Heel ut that fit l ontop of plate, and is marked in arne way butextend all the way across rafter (Fig. 2).Th n tilt th ba e of your aw to the s mngl as the roof on which th bottom end ofthe rafter will rest. I.E., if raftel' nd is to fiton a roof with 6 rise you would tilt the baseof saw to an angle of 26V2 (6 rise) and cutalong horizontal line. With saw set at thisangle you will see that it fits over the pointedend of top of common rafter, because thiswould also be a 26 (6 ri e) angle. Savethe cut off ends for the other side.Fig. 7 shows a roof as is ometimes usedover a door. See H. To get the pointed end

cut, the Square is held in position for theplumb cut of the i t roof. Then a line runningfrom the pivot corner of the quare thru thenumber representing th rise of the MainRoof is the cut wanted.PLYWOO ROO SH THING

When u ing plywood for a roof sheathingit be t to do the angle cutting on the horsesa follow : from the far left hand corner ofa 4 x foot she t, mea ure to the right the8

Inch Rileper foot run22334

~55%6789

101112

9

Mealure fromcorner o f P lywood3' 11 3' 113' 103' 103' 93' 93' 8 3' 73' 63' 5 3' 33' 23' 2' 11 2' 9


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USING THE R FTER LENGTH T LES

A Full pitch roof is one having a 24rise for 12 run. Following is a Table of va ri-ous pitches. Pitch equals rise divided by span;being the proportion the r ise bears to the span.

In the following pages are tables giving thelengths of any common, hip or valley rafterfor any pitch up to a 24 rise, and fo r building widths up to 40 feet. (See Page 12.)

Fig. 7 gives one example of the use of thesetables. The main building is 20' wide x 30'long with a 7 rise. Thus, the hip r af te rs a re15' 30/ long, and the common rafters 11' 7 .The 15' x 15' addition, hips and valleys are11' 5, long and the commons 8' . Forthe 10' Gable Dormer on top of the roofboards, the longest rafters are 5' 9'12 .

11

FOR UNEVEN PITCHED ROOFS your roof has no hips or valleys and youhave more than one pitch, cut each sectionseparately us ing the number representing thepitch of that section.For instance, if the front section is 8 rise

and 12' run, you would use number 8 and findyour rafter lengths under 24' width. Thenwe'lI say the real' is 3 rise and 16' run. Usenumber 3 on the Square, and 32' buildingwidth for your length. The top cut to fitagainst the ridge is plumb for both sections.Your rear plate would be 4' higher.

DETERMINING THE RISE OF ROOFAssume your building has an 18' wide span

and you want an 8' rise. Expressed as anequation:I . Rise x 12nch nse per foot run -Run

The rise here is 8' and the run is 9' ( 12 of8 x 12 96span) so: = 9 0 1 10 r ise. Roundthis off to the closest inch (in this case 11 ),which will increase the rise by 1f.J x 9' or 3for this building. ow you' can look in raftertable under 18' building width and 11 riseand your rafter i s 12' 21/2 . This does not include any overhang. exact length is neededsee Fig. 1. (Also Page 12, ate.)

10

Inch Run Inch Rise12 2212 2012 1812 1612 1412 1212 1012 812 612 412 2

Pitch11/125/63/42/37/121/2 - meaning roof5/12 rises a distan::e1/3 equal to 1/2 of1/4 building width.1/61/12


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A width in inches table is found in backof book which gives the amount to add forinches in case the width does not measure outin even feet. Simply add the length given forthe inches in relation to the rise, to the lengthgiven for the even foot tables. Lengths givendo not include eave projection.

is best to use a steel tape in measuringthe width of building, measuring from outsideto outside of plate upon which rafters willrest, or if boarding extends to top of platemeasure to outside of boards. I f a ridge boardis used d duct the thickn ss. of same {1 ombuilding 7 idth.

For building widths greater than is givenin this book, take any two widths which whenadded together equal the width w:\Dtcd. Findthe lengths for these two widths and add themtogether; for instance for 49 width takewidth of 2 and 29 and add together.

OTE: Lengths of rafters for pitches 2\/2,31/ 2 ,4 , 5\/2: se lower pitch then add \/2 ofdifference to next higher pitch.

THE DEGREE S LEThe same pivoting method used to deter-mine rafter cut is lIsed with the degree scale.By remembering that the square forms a 45

2

right triangle, it can be used to measure anyangle with the use of the degree scale.A study of the following diagrams will showthe principals used. These principals can beapplied in different ways to meet variousproblems.To mark degrees on a flat surface see Figs.

8 and 9.To find degrees in an upright 01' verticalposition, Fig. 10 shows two methods by whic.ha plumb line can be used on the square. Fig.

gives illustrations of the use of a plumbline on the square. ig l l With plumb line AB se t on 45mark, the square, is now positioned so thatthe bot tom (long side) of square is runninglevel, 90 to plumb line. ig l I By swinging the square upagainst line XY, the plumb line has shifted15. Thus the unknown angle in 11A was 15,with angle ABX 60. This same 15 read-ing also indicates bottom edge of square issetting at a 15 incline.In looking at Fig. 11A and B, it is possiblethat sometimes the plumb line will not fallfrom pivot point to a point on the degree scaledue to the position of line Xl'. In this case,rather than setting the edge of the square to

3


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Hip-ValRartersline XY, simply turn the square over and le tline XY run behind the square. Line XY willthen run from pivot point to some point on thedegree scale; such as shown in Fig. He owset plumb line AB on square. The number ofdegrees on scale between plumb line and angleline indicates measured angle.

R FT R L NGTHS FOR 30 ROO RISTo find total overall length of a common rafter(see Fig. 1 p. 16) you may use this method.Example: For a 22 rise roof the length perfoot run is 25.06 . building were 29 - 8wide (forget the 8 for now) the run wouldbe 14.5 lf of 29 ). 14.5 x 25.06 = 363.37 ,divided by 12 = 30.280 ft. (.280 of a footmultiplied by 12 = 3.36 or 3318 or30 - 3318 . Turn to inches in building widthtable (p. 38) . Go down rise column to 22 andacross to 8 (not 4). Add the 838 to30 .3 38 = 30 - 113/4 . Deduct l the thickness of ridge and add on overhang. a 12wide eave is desired a minimum of 25.06 isneeded, plus tail cut loss A (Fig. 1). brick, consider distance brickwork extends outfrom edge of top plate. Figure hip-val raftersthe same. Tail cut loss A is based on 8lumber.

14

(Fig. 1)Angle Tail Cut Commonin Deg. Rise loss AU Rarters434 1 12.04 17.0091 2 2 12.16 17.0914 3 12.37 17.238lf 4 23/4 12.65 17.44lf 5 13.00 17.696lf 6 4 13.42 18.003014 7 13.89 18.3633 34 8 14.42 18.7637 9 6 15.00 19.21

= 3 9 : : - : 3 ; - : - V < - - - - : : 1 - = - 0 - - - - = - - - - - : - : 1 5 . 6 2 : c : - - - - : 1 - = - 9 ~ .7:::4 lf 11 16.28 20.2245 12 8 16.97 20.7847 14 13 17.69 21.38491 2 14 18.44 22.0051 14 15 10 19.21 22.6553 16 20.00 23.325434 17 20.81 24.0256 14 18 12 21.63 24.7457314 19 22.47 25.4759 20 23.32 26.2360 14 21 14 24.19 27.00611 2 22 25.06 27.786 lf 23 25.94 28.5863lf 24 16 26.83 29.3964lf 25 27.73 30.2265 14 26 28.64 31.0566 27 18 29.55 31.8966 34 28 30.46 32.7467lf 29 31.38 33.6068 14 30 20 32.31 34.47

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INCH mE Sr 2OOT RUN wN

TO FIGUU UFTE LENGTHUFTELN TH RUNJ RISz

NOTE WHEN USING OGE IOA D DEDUCT l/7 OGETHICKNESS FROM UFTU LENGTH IF USINGTHIS EQUATION

>

FIG 1COMMONRAFTER

UN ..J

UN l/7 Of Sl AN

..l

/it

FIG. 2 riN OUT lonO OR

HEEL CUT


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RUN Of COMMON ~ f T

FIG 3 1- RELATIONSHIP IETWEEN RUN OF HIP OR VALLEY RAFTER* TO THE RUN Of THE COMMON RAFTER

/,>*( 1 )-

/ / 1U / .u I12

PLAN VIEW

( ; N

FIG. 4LAYING OUT HIP OR VALLEY RAFTER


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20

11

J

FIGWHlN SlmNG HIP CUT OFF OUTSIDl CORNER OF Pl TlSH DED RE THIS LLOWSHIP TO SET IN G INST llfl T CORNU RATHER THAN AGAINST OUTSIDl POINT THISALSO UOWSHIP TO CO E INTO lINl WITH OTHER RAFTERS LllTlNG ROOF BOARD LAY FLAT ON HIP

TOP Pl Tl


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FIG 7RIDGE~ P S

DORMER

~ teACH JACv.. RAfleR

b /z. LONGeRCOM RAf II.I C -t 7 INCH PIlCH

ROOf~ ~ ~S > I 0 0t S ~ .ALL CUTS ON THIS ROOF MADE BY USING

THE NUMBER 7 INCH RISE)

I P S ~

t :>t :>

t :>eo:>

FIG. SQUARE SHOWN IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS WITH THERESULTING ANGLES BEING FOUND BY PIVOTING

SQUARE AT POINT 8 ONLINE xy


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l :l

l :lt I

FIG 9SQUARE USED IN TWO POSITIONS GIVING FULL 180

BX I I Y ~ 7

LINE XY REPRESENTS EDGE OF MATERIAL POINT 8 IS PIVOT POINT OF SQUARE HERE SQUARE IS NOT PIVOTED.POINTS ARE MARKED ON MATERIAL AT POINT 8. AND AT DESIRED ANGLE LINE DRAWN THRU THE TWO POINTSGIVES THE ANGLE WANTED

LACE A r OR LONGER l EV el O N FACE t= SQUAREWIl TOP EDGE OF L V L ALWAYS RESTING AGAINST 1 8AR, AT PIVOT POINT ON SQUARE. Ul8tl SHOULD LW YS IHDI TE TH r THE LErEtlS llNG HE LD LUMPIVOT SQUARE FROM EDGI: Of LEVEL USING THE LEVElAS A PLUMB LINE WilL GIVE FASTER READINGS IECAUSEyOU OON T HAVE TO WAIT FOR THE SWINGING MOTIONOf T STRING l S USED IN T NEXT M OOj TO STOPARROWS INDICAtE POINT AT WHICH DEGREE IS SHOWN

SQUARE HAS NOTCH AT PIVOT POINT THROUGH WHICH SMALL STRING CAN IE PLACED n H STRAIGHTPIECE Of WIRE TO THE STRING WHICH Will ACT AS AWEIGHTED POINTER, ALWAYS H NGING STRAlCi/ iT DOWNIPLUMI YOU MAY WISH TO eXTEND THE STRING PASTTHE DGREE SCAlE AND PlACE SOME TYPE OF SMAlLWEIGHT ON THE END TO MAKE IT HANG PLUMB.


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-:J

x

0

USING a PlYWOOO FOR THE SOFFITWHEN A WIDER EAYE IS WANTED. IF YOUGO VERY WIDE 124 1 SOME TYPE OFSUPPORT WilL 8E NEEDED TO SUPPORTCENTER OF PlYWOOD. N l l ING UP THRUPlYWOOD INTO SUPPORT.

USING II 2 1 OR TOP PLATETHIS WORKS 8EST ON FLATER PITCH ROOF lONE WITH ..IN H RISE OR LESS .

A i

WHERE VERY LITTLEOVERHANG IS USED


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WIDTH OF UD DING WIDTH OF UD DINGlncb 3 t'EET 4 }'EET Inch 7 }'EET 8 FEETRise Com. Hip Com. Hlp nise Com. Hip Com. Hlp1 I h 2'. Ph 2' 2'10 ] 3' 61.... 4 1 1 ~ 4' 5' 8 2 I 61,4 2'. 1 2' lll, 2'101,4 2 3' 6 4'11)W 4' lll, 5' 83 I ' 6 2'. 1)W 2' 2'10l,2 3 3' 71,4 5' 1,4 4' 1l,2 5' 8)W4 I 7 2' 214 2' - 1 2'10)W 4 3' 8 5' ~ 4' 2 6' 96 I 7 ~ 2' 2 2' 2 2'11 5 3' 9l,2 5' 2 4' 4 5'-106 I ' 8 ~ 2' 3 2' 2 3' 0 6 3'-11 5' 3 4' 5 6' 0 7 I ' 8)W 2'. 3l,2 2' - 3 3' 7 4' 6' 4 4' 7 6' ~8 I 9 2' 4 ~ 2' 4)W 3' I ~ 8 4' 2 ~ 5' 5 4' 9 6' 3

1 1 0 ~ 2' - 4)W 2'- 6 3' 2 9 4' 4 ~ 5' 714 5' 0 6' 4)W910 1' 11 2'- 5 2' - 7 , 3' 3 10 4' 6 5' 9 5' 2lh 6' 6

2' 6 2'- 8 3' 4 11 4'- 9 5'10 5' 6 6' 811 2'2 2' 1 2'. 7 2'10 3' - 50/, 12 4'11 6' 0 5' 7)W 6'-11

Inch FEET 6 FEET Incb 9 FEE' ' 10 FEETRise Com. Hip Com. Hlp Rise Com. Hlp Com. Hlp

1 2'. 6 ~ 3' 6 3' - 4' 3 1 4' 6 , 6' 4l,2 5' , 7' 1 2 2' 6 ~ 3' 6)W 3' 4' 3 ~ 2 4' 6 ' ' ' 6' 5 5' )W .. 7' ~3 2' 7 3' 7 3' 1 4' 3 3 4' 7 6' 5 5' 1)W 7' 2 ~4 2' 7 ' ' ' 3' 7 3' 2 4' 4 4 4'- 9 6' 6 6' 3 7' 3 ,5 2'. 8 3' 8 ~ 3' 3 4' 51..... 5 4'10l,2 6' 7 5' 5 7'. 46 2'. 9 3' 9 3' 4 4' 6 6 5' 6'- 9 5' 7 ~ 7' 6 7 2'-10 3' 9)W 3' 6 4' 7 7 5' 2 6'10 5' 9l,2 7'. 78 3' - ~ 3'-10)W 3' 71;4 4' 81;4 8 6' 41i1 7' lll, 6' 7'. 99 3'. ~ 4' 0 3' 9 4' 9 9 6' 7 ~ 7' 2 ~ 6' 3 8' 0

10 3' 3 ~ 4' 1 3'10)W 4'111h, 10 6'10 7' - 4 6' 6 ~ 8 2\h11 3' 4 4' 2l,2 4' 1iI 5' - 11 6' . 11;4 7' 7 6' 9 8' 5Vs12 3' 6 ~ 4' 4 4' 21i1 5' 2 12 6'. 4 7' 9 ' ' ' 7' 1iI 8' 7)W28 29


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wmnl OF BUILDING wmnl OF BUILDINGInch 11 FEET I FEET Inch 15 FEE' ' 18 FEETRise Com. Hlp Com. Hlp Rise Com. Hip Com. Hlp

1 5'. 6 ~ 7'- 9 ~ 6' ~ 8' 6 1 7'- 614 10', ~ 8' * 11' 4 2 5' 7 7'-10 6' 1 8' - 6 ~ 2 7' 71,4 10' 8tA1 8' 1* 11'. 4%3 5' 8 7'-10% 6'. 2% 8' 7 3 7'. 8% 10' 9 ~ 8' 3 11'. 5 ~4 5' - 9% 8' - 0 6' 3 ~ 8' 8 4 7 1 0 ~ 1 0 1 0 ~ 8' 5% 11'- 7 ~5 5'-11Y.a 8'. 1 6' 6 8'-10% 5 8' - 1tn1 11'- % 8' - 8 11' 9%6 6'. ~ 8' 3 6' - 8 ~ 9' - 0 6 8' 4% 11'- 3 8 1 1 ~ Ill', 0 7 6'- 4 ~ 8' 4 ~ 6' 11 9'- 2 ~ 7 8' 8% 11' 5% 9'. 314 12' 2 ~8 6' 7% 8' 7% 7' - 2 ~ 9' 4.%9 6 - 1 0 ~ 8' 9% 7' - 6 9' 7% 8 9' 1 4 11' 8% 9'- 7* 12' 6%

10 7'- 2 9' 7' 9% 9'10% 9 9' - 4tn1 12' t l 10' 0 12' 9%11 7'- 6 ~ 9' 3% 8' 1% 10' 1 10 9' 9 ~ 12' 3 = l ~ 10' 5 13'- 1%12 7' 9* 9' 6% 8' - 6 ~ 10' 4.% 11 10' 21A1 12' 7% 10'101,4 13' 5 ~Inch 18 FEET U FEET 12 10' 7 ~ 12'11 ' iI 11' 3% 13' 1 0 ~Rise Com. Hlp Com. Hlp Inch 17 FEET 18 FEET

1 6' - 6% %Rise Com. Hlp Com. Hip9'. 2 ~ 7' 9'11

2 6' 7% 9' 3 7'. 1% 9'11% 1 8' 6 ,, 12' tnI 9' 12'- 9 3 G' 8 ~ 9' - 4 7'- 2% 10' % 2 8' 7 ~ 12'. ~ 9' 1tn1 12'. 9 ~6 1 0 ~ 9 '. 6% 7' 41A1 10 . H 3 8'. 9% 12' 21A1 9' 3% 12'11%

6 7' % 9'. 7% 7'- 7 10'. 3 ~ 8'11% 12' 4.1,4 9' - 5 ~ 13' 1 6 7' - 3% 9' 9 7'10 10' 6 5 9' 2tn1 12'. 6 ~ 9' 9 13'- 3%7 7' 6 9'11% 8'. 1% 10' 8% 6 9' - 6 ~ 12' 9 10' ~ 13' 6 8 7'. 9% 10'- 2 8' 6 10'11% 7 9'101,4 13' 0 10'. 5% 13'- 9%9 8'. ~ ~ 10'. 4 ~ 8' 9 11'. 2% 8 10'- 2% 13'- 31A1 10'- 9% 14' ~

10 8'. 6% 10'. 8% 9' . 1 11'. 6 ~ 9 10'- 7tn1 13'- 7% 11' 3 ) ( . 4 . ~11 8' 9% 10'-11% 9' 6 II 9% 10 11' ~ 13'11% 11'. 8% )( . 9%12 9' 2 11' 3 9'.10% 12 l ~ H

11 11' 6tn1 14'- 4 12' 2tn1 15'- 2 12 12'- 14'. 8% 12' 8% 15' 7 30 31


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WIDTH OF BUILDING WIDTH OF BUILDINGInch I lI 'EET FEETInch I t FEET FEET RIlle Com. Hlp Com. HlpRIlle Com. Hlp Com. Hlp 1 10'- 6 U'10 .- 11' % 16' 7 -9'- 6 13' 6 . 10' U ' 1 2 10' 7 14'11lJ'- 11 ' . 1 l/i ' . S 9' 7 13' 6 10'- 1 14' 2, 3 10'-10 16' 1 11' ' - 16' 9 .3 9' 9 13' 7% 10' 3% 14' .., , 11' % 16' 3 ' ' ' 11' 7 ' ' ' l/i'11% 10' ''' 13' 9% 10'- 6 ' ' ' 14' 8 Ii 11' .% 16' 6%- 11'11 18' 2%6 10' 3 ' ' ' U ' ~ 10'10 U'- 9 6 11'- 9 - 16' 9 - 12'- 3 16' 8 6 10' 7 - 14' 3 11' I%, 16' 0 7 12' 2 16' 12' S% 16'10 -7 11'

U ' 6 11' 7 16' 3 S 12' 7 ' ' ' 18' Ii 13' ~ 17'- -S 11' 6 U'-10%, 12' ''' 16' 7 9 13'- 1 '- 16' 9 - 13' 9 17' 7 -12' 6 16' - 10 13'- S 17' 2% U ' 3% 18'- ~9 11'10 '' ' 16' 2 ' ' ' 13' ,- 18' 6 11 14'. 3 17' 8 14'11 '' ' IS' 8 '-10 12'- . ' - 16' 7 ,11 12' 10 16' - 13' 8, 18'101;4 Inch 8 }'EET 24 FEET12 13' 6 , 18' 6 14' 1% 17' 3% RIse Com. Hlp Com. Hlp

13 14' , 16'11 14' 9 17' 9% 1 11' 6% 16' 3% 12' ~ 17' 0 14 14'- 7 , 17' 6 16' . , , IS' 2 11' 7, 16' 4Jh 12' 1% 17' 1 ' ' '16 16' 2% 17'11 ' ' ' 16' lS'10 , 3 11'-10% 16' 6% 12' .Jh 17'- 2 ~16 16'10 IS' 6 ' ' ' 18' 8 19' 61;4 4 12'- 1Jh 16'- S% 12'- 7% 17'- 6%17 18' 6 19' , 17' . ' ' ' 20' 1;4 6 12'- S ~ 16' 11 13' 0 17' S%IS 17'- 1% 19'- 7 IS' ~ 20' 7 6 12'-10% L7' 3 13'- 6 lS'- 0 19 17' 9% 20' 2 IS' 8% 21' 2% 7 13'- 3TAI 17'- 7% l3'-10% IS' 4%20 IS' Ii ''' 30' 9 , 19' 6 , 21'10% 8 13'- 9, 17'-11% 14'- 6 18'- 9%2 19' 1% 21' . . 20'- 1% 22' 9 14'- 4Jh 18'- 5 15'- 0 19' 2Jh22 19'-10 ' ' ' Z2 0 20' 10 23' 1, 10 14'-11% 111'-10 15'- 7Jh 19'- 8%23 20'- 8 ' ' ' II ' 7% 21' 7 23' 9, 11 15'- 7% 19'- 4% 16'- 3% 20'- 2%12 16'- 3% 19'-11 16'11% 20' 9%2 . 21' 2% 23' 31;4- n' 4 , 14'- 8

32 33


21/27

wmn l OF BUILDING wmn l OF BUILDINGInch 25 FEET l FEET Inch 29 nET so FEETRise Com. Hlp Com. Hlp Rise Com. Hlp Com. Hlp1 12'- 6',2 17'. 8 ~ 13'- ~ 18' 5 1 14'- 6 20'- 6t,t 15'- 21'- 3 2 12'- 8 17'- 9 13' - 2 t, t 18'- 614 2 14'- 8 20' 7 ~ 15'- ~ 21'- 4 ~3 12'-10 1 7 - 1 1 ~ 13'- 4 ~ 18'- 8 3 H'-I1t,t ZQ - 9 ~ 15'- 5t,t 21'- 6t,t4 15'- 3t,t 21'- ~ 15'- 9 21'- 94 13' 2 18'- 2 13' 8 ~ 18'-10

5 15'- 8 ~ 21'. 4 16' 3 22' It,t5 13'- 6 ~ 18'- 514 14'- 1 19'- 2 16' 2 21'- 9 16'- 9 22' 6 6 13'-11 18'- 9 14'- 6 ~ 19'- 6 7 16'- 9 ZZ ~ 17'- 4t,t 22'-117 14'- 5 19' It,t 15'- 19'-10 8 17' 5 22'- 8 18'- 23'- 68 15'- 14 19' 6',2 15'- 7 ~ 20' 3 ~ 9 18'- 1t,t 23'- 2 18'- 9 24' ~9 15'- 7 ~ 20'- 16'- 3 20'- 9 10 18'10 23'- 9 19'- 6 24'- 7t,t

11 19'- 8 . 24'- 514 20'- 414 25'- 3Inch 27 FEET il8 FEETRIse Com. Hip Com. Hip Inch 31 FEE1' 32 FEETRise Com. Hip Com. Hlp1 13'- 6 ~ 19'- 1t,t 14'- 19'-10 1 15'- 6 21'-11 ',2 16' 22'- 8 2 13'- 814 19'- 2 14'- 2 19'-11

2 15'- 8J,2 22' ~ 16'- 2' ,2 22'- 9' ,23 13'-11 19'- 4 14' 514 20' 114 3 15'-11 22'. 3 16'- 57A1 22'_114 14'- ~ 19'- 7t,t 14'. 9 ~ 20'- 4 ~ 4 16'- 4 22' 6 ~ 16'-10'8 23'- 3 5 H'- 71h 19'-11 15'- 2 20'- 7, 5 16' 9J,2 2 2 . 1 0 ~ . 17'- 4 23'. 76 15'- 1 Z 3 15'- 7 ~ 21'- 0 6 17'- 4 23'- 3 17'-10 24' 0 7 15'- 7 2 0 ~ 7 16'- 21'- 5 7 17'111;2 23'- 81;2 18'. 6 24'. 58 16' 2 21'- 114 16'- 9 ~ 21'-10 8 18'- 7 24'- 2 19' 2 25'- iii

1I 19 - 4',2 24' 9 Z 0 25'. 79 16'-10t,t 21'- 7 17'- 6 22' 5 10 20'. 2 25'- 5 ~ 20'-10 26' 3 1 ~10 17'- 7 22' 2 18'- 2 2 2 - 1 1 ~ 11 21'- 26' 1',2 21 - 8t,2 26'-1111 18' 3 22'- 9 1 8 - 1 1 ~ 23'- 7 ~ 12 21'-11 26'-10711 71h 27'- 8',212 19'- 1 ' ' ' 23'- 4t,t 19'- 9 24'- 3 34 35


22/27

WIDTH OF un oING WIDTH OF un oING33 FEETCom. Hip

37 FEETCom. Hlp

38 FEETnchRise

1235678910121314

16'- 616'- 817'- 017'- 4 ,17'10lh18' 519'- 19'-1020'- 221' 5 ~423'- 424'- 425'- 41A

23' 4lh23' 623'- 81A23'1124'- 424'- 925'- 2 ~25'- 9lh26'- 627'- :'27'- H ~28'- 6 ~29'- 430'- 3

34 }'EETCom. Hip17'- % 24'- 117'- 2 24'- 21 217'- 61,4 24'- 4 ~17'-11 24'- 81,218'- 5 25'- ~19' Va 25'- 619' 8 26' 20'- 5 26'- 6 ~21'- 3 27'- 222' Ilh 2 7 - 1 0 ~23' ~ 28'- 7 ,24'- 29' 51A25'- ~ 30'- 31A26'- Ilh 31' 2

IncbRise

123,567891011121314

18'- 618'- 919'- 19'- 620'- J,I20'- 821'- 622' 223'- Ilh24'- 125'- 11,,26'- 227'- 3J,128' 5

26'- 2J,t26'- 426'- 626'-1027'- 3J,127'- 928'- 328'-1129'- 730'- 4J,131'- 232'- 32'-1133'-11

Com,19'- 19'- 319'- 720'- 20'- 721'- 322'- J,t22'-1023'- 924'- 826'- 928'-10J,l28'- 29'- 2

Hlp~ - 1 1 27'- 27'- 327'- 728'- 28'- 629'- 29' 8 ~30'- 631'- 232'- ~32'-1033'-1034'-10

36 }'EETCom. Hip FEET 40 FEETnch

Rise1234;;G7891011121314

35-FEETCom. Hlp

17'- 6 24' 9lh17'- 8 ~ 24'1118' Ih 25'- 1lh18'- 5 25' 51 41 '-11lh 25'- 919'- 67 26'- 320'- 3 26'.10 1.421'- 27'- 41.421'-10lh 28' 1 422' 9 28'- 823' 8 ~ 29'- 5 ~24' 9 30' 325'-9 3 1 - 1 ~26'10 32' 1

36

1 ' . %18' 2 ~II ' 61 1 1 ~19' 620'- Ilh20'10l,421' 7t,222'- 623'- 524' 525' 5t,226'- 627' 77,,

25' 625' 725'10Ys26' 1 ~26' 627' 027' 61 228' 128'- 929'- 630'- 431'- 232' 33', 0

InchRise

1234567891011121314

Com,19'- 619'- 920'- 120'- 6 ,21' - 1 t,221'- 922'- 7 123' 5l,42-4'- 4 J,I26'- 426'- 6J,127'- 728' - 91429'-111\1

Hlp27' - 7J, t27'- 928'- 028'- 428' 91A29'- 329'-1030'- 6 ~31'- 232'- l,432'-101433'- 934'- 835'- 9

37

Com.20'- %20'- 320'- 721' 121'- 8 ..22'- 423'- 224'- 25'- 026' 27'- 28'- 329'- 6 ..30'- 8 ~

Hlp28'- 428'- 628'- 829'- %29'- 630'- 030' 71A31'- 3l,432'- 1,432'-1033'- 834'- 736' 738'- 8


23/27

AMOUNT TO ADD TO COMMON RAFTERFOR 1 TO 11 INCHES IN BUILDING WIDTHRise 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11i }J,i 1 IJ i 2 3 3 4 4 6 54 1 1 2 2 31,4 3 41,4 4 61,4 5'5 1 1 21,4 2 31,4 3 4 4' 6 6'6 1 1 21,4 2 31,4 3 4 4' 5 67 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 51,4 6 68 11,4 1 2 3 3 4 4 6 ~ 6 69 11,4 1' ~ 3 3 4 5 5 61,4 6'10 1 2 2 31,4 3' 4 ~ 5 5' 6 ~ 711 1 2 2 3 ~ 4 4 5 6 6 7J i12 1 2 2 3J i 41,4 5 5 6 7 713 IJ i 21,4 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 814 1 2 3 3' 4 5 61,4 6' 714 8 ~16 1 2 31,4 4 4 6 6 ~ 71,4 8 816 .1 ~ 3 4 6 6 6 7J i 81,4 917 .1 ~ 3J i 4l; 5 6 7 7 8 9 ~18 . I 2 3 4th 5th 6 71,4 8 9 1019 1 1' 2 3 4 5 ~ 6 ~ 7 , 8' 9 10 1,420 1 2 3 4 5 5' 6 7 8 9 1021 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 1122 1 2 3 4 5 61,4 7 8 9 10 ~23 1 2 31,4 41,4 5 6J i 7J i 8 9 10 11'24 1 21,4 3 4J i 5 6 7' 9 10 111,4 U26 11,4 2 3J i 4 6 7 8 9J i 10 11 '1328 11,4 2J i 3 . 5 6 7 8' 10 ~ 12 1430 1 2 4 5 6 ~ 8 9J i 10 12 13J i 14TO FIGURE U LISTED RISE TAKE 12 DIFFERENCE OF NUMBEROVER NUMBER UNDER. EXAMPLE: 27 RISE 9 WIDTH.

l O ~ TO I t = /, , ADDED TO SMALLER NUMBER= 1t /, ,38

AMOUNT TO ADD TO HIP-VAL RAFTERFOR 1 TO 11 INCHES IN BUILDING WIDTH

Rise 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 10 111 ~ 1 2 2' 3J i 4 4 ~ 5 6 7 7 ~2 1 2 ~ 3 ~ 41,4 5 5 6J i 7 7 ~3 1 2 ~ 3 4 5 5 ~ 6th 7 , 7 ~4 1 21,4 3 3 4 5 5 ~ 6th 71,4 85 IJ i 21,4 3 3 4 5 5 ~ 6 7 86 ~ 21,4 3 3 4th 5 , 6 6 ~ 7 ~ 81,47 ~ 1 ~ 21,4 3 3 Hi 5 6 6 ~ 7 88 11Al 2 3 3' 4 5 ~ 6 7 7 ~ 89 ~ ~ 2 31,4 4 4 5 6 71,4 8 8 ~

10 ~ 1 ~ 3 Hi 4 ~ 5 ~ 6 7 81,4 911 ~ ~ 3 41,4 5 5 ~ 6 ~ 7 ~ 8 91,412 . 1 2 3 ~ 4 5 6 6 ~ 7 ~ 8 9 ~13 1 2 3 4 ~ 5 6 71,4 7 ~ 8 ~ 914 1 ~ 2 3 4 51h 6 7 81,4 9 , 1015 1 2 ~ 3 ~ 4 . H ~ 6 7t,2 81Al 9 ~ 1016 1 2 3 4 5 5 ~ G 7 8 9 1017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1118 1 2 3 4 51,8 6 7 81,4 9 , 10 1119 1 2l,8 31,4 414 51,4 6 7 8 9 ~ 10 1120 1 2 , 31,4 4 51h 6 ~ 7 8 ~ 9 ~ 1 0 ~ 1221 IJ,8 21,4 3 41h 5 6 7' 1l 9 101,8 11 , 1222 I , 2 3 ~ 4 5' 1l 7 81Ai 9 , 10 11 1223 11,4 2 3 ~ 4 6 7 , 8 9 10 11 ~ 1324 11,4 21h 3 4 ~ 6 7 8 ~ 9 11 12 , 1 3 ~26 11,4 2 3 ~ 514 61h 7 9 10 11 12' 1l }41428 13/8 23 1 41Al 5lf2 81Al 9V2 12 1 1 135Al1530 Ilf2 41 1 53 1 7 Al g5Al 10 11112 13 143Al15 314TO FIGURE UNLISTED RISE TAKE 12 DIFFERENCE OF NUMBEROVER NUM BER UN DER. EXAMPLE: 25 RISE 7 WIDTH,8 2 TO 9 = 1. . ADDED TO SMALLER NUMBER = 8

39


24/27

D I ~ F E R E N C E IN LENGTH OF JACKR FT RS OF VARIOUS SPACING

Decimal Equivalentsof 8ths 16ths 3 nds 64ths

Rise 161 1' - 4-(,2 1' - 4143 1' - 4th4 1'- 4 ~5 1'- 5l)86 1' - 5 ~7 1' - 6th8 1' - 7149 1'- 8

10 1'- 8 ~1' - 9

12 1'-10l: l 1'-114 2'- th5 2'- 1

16 2'- 217 2 - 31 2'- 4 ~In 2' - 62 2 - 72 2 - 822 2'- 9l)823 2 1024 2'-1126 3'- 21428 3' - th30 3' - 7

181' - 61' - 61' - 6th1 - 7 1' - 7th1'- 81' - 8 ~

91'-10thl'-l1l)82'- l)82' - Ith2' 2th2 - 32'- 42' 62 - 72'- 8th2' - 92 -113' 3'- 13' - 33'- 43'- 73' - 94 - th

4

201' - 81' - 8141' - 8I 91' - 91 -10l)81'-112 - 0 2 1 2'- 22 - 32' , 42'- 5th2'- 62 - 8 2'- 9l)82'-103' - 03 - l th3'- 27 3'- 43' - 53'- 73' - 3 -11 4' - 2*4' - 5 ~

242'- Al2 - 2' - 2'- 12' 22', ~2' - ~2'- 4 ~2'- 62 - 72' - 82'-10 2'-113' - ~3'- 23'- 43'- 53 - 73' - 93'-104 -4', 24' - ~4' - 54'- 95'- ~5'- 4


25/27

Decimal Equivalentsof 7ths 4ths and 28ths

7th 14th 21th Decimal 7th 14th 21th ecim l - - - I ,035714 15 ,535714

1 ,071420 4 ,5714203 ,107143 7 ,607143

1 ,142857 9 ,6428675 ,178571 10 ,678571

3 ,214286 5 ,7142867 ,25 .75

2 .285714 11 .7857140 .321420 23 .821429

5 .3.>7143 6 .857143 .302857 25 .802857

3 .428571 13 .92857113 .464286 27 ,964286

7 ,5

Decimal Equivalentsof 6ths 2ths and 24ths

6th 12th 24th Decimal 6th 12th 24th Decimal - - I ,041667 3 .5

1 .083333 13 .5416663 .125 7

1 .166666 15 ,6255 .208333 4 ,666666

3 .2 ; 17 ,7083337 .201666 0 .75

2 .333333 10 .7016660 .37 :; 5 ,8333335 .416666

.875 .4, ;8333

.01666623 .0 ;8333

IThe Metric System of Measurement

Measures of Length1 Millimeter mm.) = 0.03937079 inch, or abou t 1/25 inch10 Millimeters =1 Centimeter em.) = . . , 0.3937079 inch10 Centimeters =1 Decimeter dm.) = . . , , . . , 3.937079 inch10 Decimeters = 1 Meter m.l = 39.37079 inches, 3.2808992 feet, or 1.09361 yards10 Meters =1 Decameter Dm.) = . . , ,. . . , , ,32.808992 feet10 Decameters =1 Hectometer Hm.) =, . . , . . , , , , , 19.927817 rods10 Hectometers = 1 Kilometer Km.) = . . . , . . . . , , . ,1093.61 yards , o r 0.6213824 mile10 Kilometers =1 Myriameter Mm.) =. . , . . , . . . 6.213824 miles1 inch =2.54 em., 1 foot =0.3048 m., 1 yard =0.9144 m., 1 rod =0.5029 Dm.,1 mile = 1.6093 Km.

hen ultiplyyou know y indinches 2.54 .centimetersfeet 30.48 .centimetersyards 0 91 . metersmiles 1 61 . kilometers

On the other hand if you knowthe metric measurement andwant to know what it would bein the units that are familiar toyou you can multiply by the fol-lowing conversion factors:

hen ultiplyyou know y indmillimeters 0,04. inchescentimeters 0,39 . inchesmeters 3.28 . feetmeters 1 09 . yardskilometers . 0.62 . miles


26/27

, f , I ' I ' , f , 1 . f L I IPI IT ' il

SW NSONSP OBIG 2 SQUAREFOR ST IR L YOUTS

Ou r BIG 2 Square is 12 x 12 x 17 (acrossthe 45 0 angle). This larger square is a great helpwhen working with wider materials such asshelving, siding, etc. The BIG 2 has a specialscribe bar notched for a penci l every I. fo r usein marking parallel lines. Square wil l layoutcircles up to 24 diameter.

The BIG 2 Square has a layout bar thatcan be attached to the square fo r the layingout of stairways. Instructions are also giventelling how to figure the layout of a stairway.Layout bar can be adjusted to a corner that isnot square (900 ) and then this angle transferredto other material fo r proper fi t. Square is markedthe same on both sides.


27/27

-......, lx ~ ~ T

MARKING EDGE OR SIDE UTFirst, mark the proper PLUMB UT A).At right angles to plumb mark, measure adistance equal to thickness of rafter X)and mark another plumb line. Fr m thisplumb line, square across top edgt: of rafter. Dotted line connects two points. andgives SIDE CUT. This would be the methodused for hand sawing . When using theelectric saw, ti lt the saw to cut a 45 angle,then cut along the plumb mark. Layout andcut one rafter, and us e it as a pattern tomark the rest.SWANSON TOOL COMPANY INC

P O Box 434 Oak Lawn Illinois 60454Phone: 312) 599-9029

Documents

Speed Square Instruction Book 1983