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treble a>ntrols in the PA system. Sometimes reduction

treble or an increase in bass-, coupled with adjustment

volume (up or downt'Will eliminate feedback.

• Dan't touch,the microphone unless absolutely necessary,

never it to give you support. Keep your hands off and

away from IT1.

• Develop your listening capacity If could we call it a sublim-

inal attention?) to be aware of how your voice is projecting

in through the PA system. Are you talking too fast for a large

of room so that your echo is interfering with the clear speech

communication? Slow down! Are you turning away from

the microphone so your voice fades? Remember the string

on-your nose!;-

• If you have special recorded sound effects or narration or

music inserts to be played during your speech, be sure to test

them in advance. Depending upon the situation you could

need assistance from local technical experts to help you set up

your tape or tape-cassette machine for sound pickup by a

special microphone or by a patch into the PA system. If you

have a small recorder or cassette machine, try holding it close

to your microphone. You could achieve an effective transfer

of sound from your tape to your PA system. By the latter

process, you can mix external recorded sounds with your

speech if you wish. Remember to try it in advance and

practice the technique. r©\

The best rule to follow, of course*whatever technique you

use, is to avoid complex arrangements. Keep the mechanics

and your technical problems as simple as possible.

Speech for Technical Communicators: A Bibliography *

BERTIE E. FEARING AND THOMAS M. SAWYER

Abstract-Writing a tech meat paper and del ivering it orally arc c o m -

plementary acts . This bibliography c i tes 1 7 8 resources for technical

c o m m u n i c a t o r s interested i n ' i m p r o v i n g their speaking skills. These

resources include organizat ions and publ icat ions concerned with

s p e e c h ; inst i tutes , seminars, and courses o n oral c o m m u n i c a t i o n o f

technical in format ion; and standard works and se lected articles o n

informational speech . This bibl iography is not c o m p l e t e hut it is a

start for technical c o m m u n i c a t o r s in business , industry , and govern-

m e n t w h o are intent on improving their oral presentat ion o f tech-

nical in format ion .

SPOKEN language is man's first or primary language, the one

we all acquire naturally, unconsciously, and quite, easily as

children. Why then is it so difficult for most of us to stand up

Manuscript received Aug. 2 7 , 1 9 7 9 ; revised N o v . 19 , 1 9 7 9 . This is an e x p a n d e d version o f the authors* presentat ion a t the 2 6 t h Interna-t ional Technica l C o m m u n i c a t i o n Conference ( ITCC) , Los Ange les , C A , May 1 9 7 9 ,

Dr. Fearing is an Assistant Professor o f English at East Carolina Univ. , Greenvil le , NC 2 7 8 3 4 , ( 9 1 9 ) 7 5 7 - 6 0 4 1 . Dr . Sawyer is a Professor in the Dept . o f Humani t ies , Col lege o f Engineering, Univ . o f Michigan, A m i Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 9 , 0 1 3 ) 7 6 4 - 1 4 2 0 .

and speak to others, to communicate with crthers like ourselves

in our common, natural language?

Written language, on the other hand, is man's secondary

language. It is t h e language w e Icari eonsciously^tinnaturally,

and quite ^ in fu l ly as students in school. Y e t V r o s t of us

achieve a degree of proficiency in t h e written, language which

we rarely match in the formal "Speaking situation. Perhaps it

is as the French say, "Paper is patient." It accepts uncom-

plainingly our initial attempts at-a rough draft, our numerous

erasures, revisions, and polishings until t h e end product is as

smooth and as lustrous as burnished s t e e l . The listening audi-

ence, however, i^not s o patient. ,

Ironically, it is precisely because we do write so/well, or

painstakingly, that we tfften speak so poorly. When we as

writers are faced with a new situation as speakers, we revert

to what we know best - the written word. Then we try to

adaot it, however inappropriately and unsuccessfully, to the

oral nu&e. And that, folks, simply does not work.

The written and the spoken language are quite different.

They do not have the same cadence or pitch or rhythm. They

03614434/80/0300-0053$00:75 © 1 9 8 0 IEEE

54 l E E & T R A N S A C T I O N S O N * P R O F E S S I O N A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N , V O L . PC-23, N O . 1, MARCH 1 9 8 0

do not even use the same vocabulary. Words that look natural and appropriate on paper sound unnatural and inappropriate to the ear. Sentences are too long, vocabulary too complex, syntax too convoluted. Also, as you know, it takes twice as long to hear and understand a paper as-it does to read and understand the very same paper.' A text that is alive and vigorous on paper becomes flat, humdrum, monotone drone when read.

Memorizing a presentation doesn'4. help much either. We tend to concentrate so hard on recalling the exact words that we often lose sight of their meaning. Delivery is wooden, singsong, embarrassing, And if we forget, if we forget

Extemporaneous speaking is the only way to go. Cut the written word down to size, draft notes, and practice, prac-tice, practice—in order to deliver effectively.

However, I am-imposing my biases on you, and my job here is to introduce to you a plan whereby you can improve'your oral communication skills^ whejher^ you are an engineer, a scientist, a teacher, CM technical communicator by profes-sion. Therefore, Tom Sawyer and I have prepared a list of sources from which you can fashion your own individualized speech improvement program.

Perhaps the best place to begin is with professional organiza-tions and periodicals concerned wholly or partially with speech communication. You are probably already familiar with three communication organizations—the American Busi-ness Communication Association, the IEEE Professional Communication Society, and the Society for Technical Com-munication-hut you may not know of the two professional groups devoted exclusivefy to speech communication-the International Communication Association and the Speech Communication Association. Also there are three adult education groups in many communities concerned with im-proving public speaking: Toastmasters International, the Toastmistress Clubs, and the Gavel Clubs. Of the nine organiza-tions listed in the bibliography, most publish magazines and hold annual conferences where you can receive instruction in speaking, observe others as models, and practice your own speaking skills.

Listed next in the bibliography are 18 speech institutes, seminars, and courses offered around the country and in Wales (United Kingdom). These offerings range from a two-day in-service public speaking course for scientific professionals (the American Institute for Professional Education) to a university special summer program (the Department of Speech Com-munication at the University of Denver) to a degree program in technical communication with a specialty in speech (the University of South Dakota at Springfield).

The largest section of .the bibliography is devoted to printed materials. Entries are listed under two major headings.; "Se-lected Works on technical Speech** and "Selected Articles.on Technical Speech." The first heading specifies important background materials, texts that discuss oral technical presen-tations, books available from Toastmasters International, anthologies containing articles on oral presentation, and tech-nical writing texts with chapters on oral presentation. The articles under the second heading have been chosen for their sound advice and diverse points of view.

Whether you have time just to flip through a few articles or to read the basic works intensely, to attend a two-day seminar or to engage in a full academic program, you can profit from your own program of self-improvement.

SPEECH ORGANIZATIONS A N D PERIODICALS

A M E R I C A N B U S I N E S S C O M M U N I C A T I O N A S S O C I A T I O N

University of Illinois/911 South Sixth Street/Champaign/fC

61820. Francis Weeks, Exec. Dir. Membership: college teachers, management consultants, training directors, public relations writers, and others interested in business communica-tions. Publications: Journal of Business Communication,

quarterly. Annual convention: always D e c - 1 9 7 9 Seattle, WA; 1980 Washington, DC; 1981 Phoenix, AZ.

C O M M U N I C A T I O N N O T E S (monthly)

Council of Communication Societies/P.O. Box 1074/$ilvex Spring, MD 20910. Newsletter covering a wide variety ojf topics: business communication, print, speech, media, lin-guistics, e t c . . ·

C O U N C I L F O R Programs I N T E C H N I C A L A N D S C I E N T I F I C

C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

Department of English/Oklahofna State University, Stillwater,

OK 74074. Dr. Thomas^L. Warren. Membership: individuals,

schools, arid professional organizations interested in technical

and scientific communication. Publications: a catalog of

members' consulting specialties and a list of instructional

programs, courses, and options available at member institutions.

Gavel Clubs # ~ \" 2200 North Grand Avenue/Santa Ana, CA 92711. ^Alan L. LaGreen, Membership Mgr. Membership: persons interested in speech training who cannot participate i n the complete Toastmaster Club program. Activities: study and practice of public speaking and parliamentary procedure. Publications:

The Toastmaster, monthly.

I N S T I T U T E O F E L E C T R I C A L A N D E L E C T R O N I C S E N G I N E E R S P R O F E S S I O N A L

C O M M U N I C A T I O N S O C I E T Y

345 East 47th Street/New'York, NY 10017. R. Robinson, Membership Chair. Membership: engineers,Scientists, writers, educators/ and all persons, concerned with communication. Publications: IEEEGTransactions on Professional Communica-

tion, quarterly; PC Newsletter, quarterly. ν

I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N A S S O C I A T I O N

Baicones Research Center/10100 Buwiet Road/Austin, TX

78758. Robert L. Cox, Exec. Dir. Membership^teachers,

business and industrial leaders, government workers^ and

others interested in communication. Publications: Human

Communication, research quarterly; Journal of Communica-

tion, quarterly, ICA Newsletter, quarterly. Annual convention.

I N T E R N A T I O N A L T O A S T M I S T R E S S C L U B S

9068 East Firestone Boulevard, No. 2/Downty, C A , 90241.

Muriel Bryant, Exec. Dir. Membership: adults inmested I N

speech improvement, communication, lexicology, leadership

training, and skill I N organisational techniques. Publications:

FEARING A N D SAWYER: T*EC Η ΝIC AL^COM Μ U ΝIC A TO R: BIBLIOU RAI'HY 55

California State University at Fullerton/Fullerton, CA 93734 Undergraduate major in Technical and Business Communica-tions, which includes courses in oral communications (Com-munications Department).

Colorado State University/Fort Collins, CO 80521 Institute in Technical and Industrial Communications-a one-week, two-credit seminar in July for writers, editors, journa-lists, scientists, engineers, and information specialists in gov-ernment research programs: Typical program includes language and semantics, editing, illustration, and oral communication.

University of Colorado/Boulder, CO 80302

A course covering technical papers and reports, articles for

publication, and papers for meetings.

University of Denver/Denver, CO 80210 Special .summer programs (in June) such as "Workshop in Communication," "Seminar in Persuasion," and "Introduc-tion to Medical Communication" (Department of Speech Communication)^

University of Houston/Houston, TX 77004 A course in the fundamental techniques of written and oral reports.

Illinois Institute of Technology/technology Center/Chicago, IL 60616 Undergraduate major in Scientific Writing and Science Infor-mation, which includes courses in public speaking and graphics (Department of Language, Literature r and Philosophy).

Lafayette College/Easton, Ρ A 18042 Courses on oral and written communication with emphasis on assembled information.

«

University of Minnesota/St. Paul, MN 55101 Undergraduate degree in Technical Communication with emphasis on writing and editing, communication research and-theory, and oral communication (bepartment of Rhetoric).

University of New Mexico/Albuquerque, NM 871Q6 A course in technical speaking with emphasis on logic, rhet-oric, and formal technical expression (Department of English, Language, and Literature).

New JMexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Socorro, NM

87801 . \ A course in technical and oral reports (Department of Human-ities).

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology/Terre Haute. IN 47803 A three-credit course on business letters, reports, and oral presentations.

University of South Dakota at Springfield/Springfield, SD 57062

A.A.S. degree in Technical Communications, with specialties in technical writing, industrial journalism, technical illustra-tion, speech, and public relations.

Tulane University/New Orleans, LA 70118

A three-credit course on written and oral technical reports.

Toastmistress, bimonthly. Annual convention.- always J u l y -

1980 St. Louis, MO.

Journal of Technical Writing and Communication (quarterly) Baywood Publishing Company, Inc./43 Central Drive/Farming-dale, NY 11735. Articles on technical writing and oral presentations.

Society for Technical Communication

815 15th Street, NW/Suite 506/Washington, DC 20005.

Curtis T. Youngblood, Exec. Dir. Membership: technical

writers, editors, illustrators, publication directors, and teachers

interested in technical communication. Publications: Techni-

cal Communication, quarterly; Intercom, bimonthly news-

letter; local chapter newsletter. Annual convention: always

May-1980 Minneapolis, MN; 1981 Toronto, ON, Canada.

Speech Communication Association ,

5205,Leesburg Pike/Falls Church V V A 22041 . William Work, Exec. Dir. Membership: teachers; media specialists, communi-cation consultants, and others interested in speech communi-cation. Publications: Spectra, 'biennial newsletter; Communi-cation Monographs, research quarterly; Quarterly Journal of Speech. Annual convention: usually Nov. -1980 Chicago, IL; 1981 Anaheim, CA.

Toastmasters International 2200 North Grand Avenue/Santa Ana, CA 92711. Terrence J. McCann, Exec. Dir. Membership: "action people" seeking to improve" their communication and leadership skills through better listening, -thinking, and speaking. Activites: intensive programs in leadership training; parliamentary procedure; and organizing and conducting committees, meetings, and con-ferences. (See Gayel Clubs if the Toastmasters program seems too complex..) Publications: The Toastmaster, ^monthly, Tips, bimonthly newsletter; district newsletter. Annual convention: always Aug-1980 Milwaukee, WI.

Vital Speeches of the Day (semimonthly) City News Publishing CompanyfBox 606/Southold, NY 11971. Important speeches by important people on important issues; speeches serve as models.

SPEECH INSTITUTES, SEMINARS, A N D C O U R S E S

University of Akron/Akrori, OH 44304 A sequence of five one-credit courses on reports, letters, mem-oranda, oral communication, and graphic ajds. .

The American Institute for Professional Education/Carnegie BuiWing/Madisori, NJ 07940. -

A two-day course in major cities around the country on "How to Give a Technical Presentation"; designed for scientific professionals.

Auburn University /Auburn, AL 36830 An annual Seminar in Technical Communications (in Febru-ary) for engineers, scientists, and communication managers and supervisors. National authorities instruct in a variety of topics: technical reporting to management, oraj communica-tion of technical information, graphics, and technical writing. /

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University of Wales Institute of Science and technology/5 7

Park'ftace/Cardiff CFI, 3 AT, Wales An annual open course in May, Effective Scientific and Tech-

nical Communication, that focuses on tactics and techniques

for writing and speaking. Designed for writers/editors, scien-

tists, and engineers.

University of Wisconsin/Madison, WI 53706

A four-day summer course, Effective Communicating in

Engineering and Industry, that combines speaking'and oral

communications with technical writing and written com-

munications (School of Engineering).

BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON TECHNICAL SPEECH

Cunningham, Donald H , Ed. Annual Bibliography published

in the fall issue of The Technical Writing Teacher (beginning

in 1975) includes books, articles, and reviews on various

areas of technical communcation including teaching, editing,

graphics, and speech.

Kirkman, John, and Janis Peakre. ISTC Bibliography on

Technical Communication. United Kingdom: The Institute

of Scientific and Technical CommunicatiQn, no date. Section

7 of this bibliography, pages 33 to -35,".lists books and articles

on oral communication. * Requests for copies should be

addressed to the Secretary, ISTC/17 Bluebridge Avenue/

Brookmans Park, Hatfield, Herts/AL9 ?RY/United Kingdom.

Hibbard, Jeffrey L. Recent and Relevant, a quarterly an-

notated bibliography published in each issue of-Technical

Communication (beginning with First Quarter 1976). Hibbard's

staff abstracts some dozen articles each issue. Areas of interest

include presentations along with diction, editing, rhetoric, and

teaching.

Workun, Arthur- E. Speech for the Technician: A Bibliography.

Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 4 (Fall

1974), pp . 331-339. Ί η his 179-entry bibliography, W ^ k u n

includes works for their timelessness, applicability, and multiply

viewpoints.

SELECTED WORKS ON TECHNICAL SPEECH

Very Important Background Material

Bridgman, Percy W. The Logic of Modern Physics. New York:

Macmillan, 19ol . This book is unfortunately out of print. It

was issued as a Macmillan Paperback in 1961. In it Bridgman,

a Nobel Prize winner, discusses.the operation definition"

of physical concepts, one of the most useful and important

techniques engineers and scientists can employ in making their

ideas clear and understandable to readers or* listeners from a

different discipline.

Bryant, D. C , and K. R. Wallace. Oral Communication, 4th

ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975, A basic text on

public speaking, covering the essentials of audience analysis,

purpose, rhetorical strategies, and delivery techniques.

Kapp Reginald O. The Presentation of Technical Informa-

tion. New York: Macmillan, I960. This consists of a series

o f lectures by a-QLofessor of electrical engineering at Univer-

sity College, U q p p n . The advice he provides is applicable

both to the technical writer and the technical speaker.

Monroe, A. H., and D. Ehninger. Principle* of Speech Com-

munication, 7th ed. Glenview, IL; Scott Foresman, 1975

This basic text is widely used in college speech courses.

Rapoport, Anatol. Fights, Games, and. Debates. Ann Arbor:

University of Michigan Press, 1961. The section on debate in

this book is most illuminating. Rapoport explains that if you

are to persuade others, y o u must not challenge the beliefs they

already hold; you must first disarm them b y stating their

beliefs clearly and accurr , l y . Only then can you lead them to

different views.

Rapoport, Anatol. Various Meanings of Theory. American

Political Science Review, 53 (Dec. 1958), pp. 972-988. A

theory means different things in the different branches of

science and the engineering or scientific writer or speaker

should understand these differences. Rapoport, a mathemati-

cal biophysicist, explains and-illustrates them.

Texts Which Discuss Oral Technical Presentations

Auer, J. J. Brigances Speech Communication, 3rd ed. New

York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

— , and H. L. Eubank. Handbook for Discussion Leaders,

rev. ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood v 1974

Aurner, Robert R., and Morris P. Wolf Effective Communica-

tion in Business. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western,. 1967.

Band, Sigfried Communication for Management and Business,

2nd ed. Glenview IL: Scott, Foresman, 1976.

Bowman, J. P., and B. P. Branchaw. Understanding and Using

Communication in Business. San Francisco, CA: Canfield

Press, 1977.

Casey, Robert S. Oral Communication of Technical Informa-

tion. New York: Reinhold, β>58.

Connolly, James E. Effective Technical Presentations. St:

Paul, MN: 3M Business Press, 1968.

Crocker, Lionel George. Business and Professional Speech.

New York: Ronald Press, 1951. V

Crouch, W. George. Successful Communication in Science and

Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.

D'Aprix, Roger M. How's That Again?: A Guide to Effective

Written and Oral Communication in Business. Home wood, IL:

Dow Jones-Irwin, 1^71.

Dietrich, John E., and Keith Brooks. Practical Speaking for

the Technical Man. Englewood CHffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1958,

Fettig, Arthur J. How to Hold an Audience in the Palm of

Your Hand. New York: Frederick Fell, 1979.

Frank, Ted, and David Ray. Basic Business and Professional

Speech Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,

1979.

F E A R I N G A N D S A W Y E R : TECHNICAL C O M M U N I C A T O R : BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 7

Friant, Ray J. Preparing Effective Presentations: How to Make Presentations Pay Off! New York: Pilot Industries, 1973.

Hodnett , Edward. Effective Presentations: How to Present Facts, Figures and Ideas Successfully. West Nyack, NY: Parker Publishing Co., 1967.

Howell, William S., and Earnest G. Bormann. Presentational Speaking for Business and the Professions. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Janis, J. Harold. Writing and Communicating in Business, 2nd

ed. New York; Macmillan, 1973.

Kindler, Herbert S. Organizing the Technical Conference. New York: Reinhold, 1960.

Linver, Sandy. Speak Easy: How to Talk Your Way to the Top. New York:-Summit Books, 1979.

Loney, Glenn M, Briefing and Conference Techniques. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1959.

Mambert, W. A. Presenting Technical Ideas: A Guide to Audi-

ence Communication. New York: John Wiley, 1968.

Manko, Howard H. Effective Technical Speeches and Ses-sions: A Guide for Speakers and Program Chairmen New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969.

Martin, Robert C , and others. Practical Speech for Modern Business. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts* 1963.

Micken, Ralph A. Speaking for Results: A Guide for Business and Professional Speakers. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1958.

Mitchell, Evan. The Executive's Guide to Successful Speech-making. Princeton, NJ: Vertex Books, 1970.

Morrissey, George L. Effective Business and Technical Presen-tations, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1974.

Nadeau, Ray E. Speech Communication: A Career Education Approach. Reading MA: Addisori-Wesley, 1974.

Olbricht, Thomas H. Informative Speech. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1968.

Sanford, William Phillips, and Williard Hayes Yeager. Practical Business Speaking, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.

— . Effective Business Speech, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.

Simmons, Harry. Executive Public Speaking Techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Chilton, 1959. ·

Snell, Frank. How to Stand Up and Speak Well in Business. New York: The Citadel Press, 1962.

Stone, Janet , and Jane Bachner. Speaking Up. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.

Tacey, William S. Business and Professional Speaking, 2nd

ed. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown,1975.

Turner, Barry T. Effective Technical Writing and Speaking. London: Business Books Limited, 1974.

Weiss, Harold, and J. B. McGrath, Jr. Technically Speaking: Oral Communications for Engineers, Scientists, and Technical Personnel. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.

Wilcox, Roger P. Oral Reporting in Business and Industry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

— . Communication at Work: Writing and Speaking. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.

Zelko. Harold P., and Frank Ε. X. Dance. Business and Profes-

sional Speech Communication. New York: Holt, 1965.

ztetler, Robert L\, and W". George Crouch. Successful Com-munication in Science and Industry-Writing, Reading, and Speaking. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.

Books-Available from Toastmasters international

2200 North Grand Avenue/Santa Ana,XA 92711

Audiovisual Handbook. A comprehensive look at how to. include visual aids and audio and video "recordings in oral presentations. No. 1193, $1.50.

Bennett, Millard. Successful Communications and Effective Speaking. Practical tips on speaking, confidence, and motiva-tion based on years of experience and insight^ No. B-27, $2.95.

Capp, Glenn R.. and G. Richard Capp. Basic Oral Communica-tion. Subjects include effective listening and speaking, pre-paring a speech, voice*~~control. and leadership techniques. No. B-18.S8.95.

Cundiff, Merlyn. Kinesics: The Power of Silent Command. All the techniques one needs to know to "unleash the incred-ible power of body language over others." No. B-6, $3.45.

Debate Handbook. Explains the basic- principles of formal debates. No. 104,50.75.

Droke, Maxwell. The Speaker's Handbook of Humor. Prin-ciples of how to seleet and tell humorous stories for every occasion. No. B-46, $12.95.

Hayes, Ira. Yak! Yak! Yak! Reveals the success secrets of one of America's top speakers. No. B-3, $ 1.00.

Heasley, Earl. What to Talk About. Contains 1001 speech titles and subjects, along with tips on speech preparation and delivery. No. B-16, $1.50. . ~

Humes, James C. Roles Speakers Play. Practical advice from an expert public speaker on how to prepare a speech for every occasion. No. B-2, $9.95. "

Pendleton, Winston K . HojW to Win Audiences with Humor. Tips on how, when, and why to put humor in speeches. No. B-4, $3 .95 . .

Robert, Cavett. The Cavett Robert Personal Development Course? Shows how to win the respect, admiration, and esteem of others. No. B*7. $8.00.

58 11 I I T R A N S A C T I O N S O N P R O F E S S I O N A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N , V O L . PC-23, NO. 1. MARCH 1980

Smediey, Ralph C. Personally Speaking. Contains the author's thought and insights on speaking, evaluating, club program-ming, and other aspects of communication. No. B-63, $3.00.

Anthologies Containing Articles on Oral Presentations

Advice to Lecturers, An Anthology Taken from the Writings of Michael Faraday^fld Lawrence Bragg. London. The Royal Institution, 1974. Excerpts from the correspondence and writings of Faraday and Bragg, this timeless guide for technical lecturers includes notes oh behavior and speech, apparatus and demonstrations, holding audience interest, and talking "on the air." Reprinted in IEEE Transactions on Professional Com-munication, PC-22 (Mar. 1979) pp. 4-8 (Bragg) and PC-21 (Mar. 1978) pp. 2-5 (Faraday).

Douglas, G. H.. Ed. The Teaching of Business Communication.

Champaign. IL: American Business Communication Associa-tion. 1978. Two articles on oral communication are included in this anthology: "A Course in Oral Communication in Busi-ness" by John E. Binnion and Edward G. Thomas and "Using Videotape to Teach Report Presentation" by Richard A. Hatch.

Gould, Jay R., Ed. Directions in Technical Writing and Com-^ munication. Farmingdale. NY: Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.. 1978. The article "Effective Oral Presentation of Scientific and Technical Information" by Herman Estrin and Edward Monahan is included on page 57 of this anthology of essays on technical communication.

Joenk. R. J., Ed. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communi-cation. Special Issue on Audiovisual Communication, PC-21 (Sep. 1978). This special istue contains eight articles and two book reviews on non-textual aspects of communicating tech-nical information, including A. J. MacGregofs "Preparing Poster Talk? and "Selecting the Appropriate Chart," Jack Reich's "Designing Slides," and Joan Musgrave's "Experimertts in Computer-Aided Graphic Expression."

Redding, W. Charles, and George A. Sanbonu Eds. Business and Industrial Communication: A Source Book. New York: Harper ajrci Row. 1964. This anthology contains 49 essays, most of which focus on interpersonal communication within an organization.

Singer., Τ. E. R., Ed. Information and Communication Practice in Industry. New York: Reinhold, 1958. The article "Me-chanical Aids to the Effective Presentation of Technical Papers" by W. J. Connelly is included on pages 166-through 194 of this anthology of 18 essays.

Woelfe, Robert Μ , Ed. A Guide to Better Technical Presenta-tions. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Press, 1975. A collection of 35 articles on im-proving the effectiveness of technical presentations, this anthology is divided into six sections: general considerations, planning and preparation, visual aids, delivery techniques, multimedia presentations, and motion pictures.

Technical Writing Texts with Chapters on Oral Presentations

Brusaw, C. T . , G. L. Aired, and W E . Olith Handbook of

Technical Writing. New York: St. Martins Press, 1976.

Pages 321 through 330 of this text discuss the oral report.

Dagler, J. P. Technical Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978. Chapter 3, pages 30 through 43 , discusses "Speaking and Listening on the Job ."

Fear, David E. Technical Communication. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1977. Chapter 12, pages 321 through 3 5 1 , is on "individual Oral Presentations."

Guthrie, L. O. Factual Communication. New York: Mac-millan, 1948. Chapter 3 , pages 30'through 39; discusses oral presentations.

Harrisburger, Lee. Engineersmanship: A Philosophy of Design. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. 1966. Chapter 9, pages 130 through 138. argues that presentation is an integral part of the design process.

Mills. G. H.; and John A. Walter. Technical Writing, rev. ed. New York Holt. 1962, Chapter 7, pages 233 'through 242, discusses oral reports.

Pearsall, Thomas E., and Donald H. Cunningham. How to Write for the World of Work. New York: Holt. 1978. Chapter 19, pages 223 through 253, is on "Oral Reports."

Pickett. Nell Ann, and Ann A. Laster. Technical English, 2nd

td. San Francisco, CACanfield,-1975. Chapter 10, pages403 through 413, discusses oral reports.

Sherman, Τ. Α., and S. S. Johnson. Modern Technical Writing, 3rd ed. Jyiglewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall, 1975. Chapter 13. pages 301 through 316, discussers oral reports.

Thomas, J. D. "Composition for Technical Students, 3rd ed. New York: Scribner, 1965. Chapter XI, pages 341 through 367. discusses oral reports.

Ulmann, Joseph N., Jr. .and Jay R. Gould. Technical Reporting, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, 1972. Chapter 13,pages 124through f 3 1 . discusses oral reports.

Warren, Thomas L. Technical Communication: An Outline. TotawaFNJ: Uttlefield, Adams, 1978. Pages 76 through 78 deal with oral reports.

Wellborn, G. P. Scientific Writing for Graduate Students. New York. Rockefeller University Press, 1968. Chapter J 3 , pages 150 through 166, by Ellsworth B. Cook is entitled "Oral Presentation of a Scientific Paper."

SELECTED A R T I C L E S ON TECHNICAL SPEECH

Binnion, John E., and Edward G. Thomas. A Course in Oral

Communication in Business. ABC A Bulletin, 40 (Mar. 1977),

pp. 12-18.

Bishop, Anthony C. L. T H E Multimedia F O M E N T A T I O N of T E C H -

nical Information., IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-13 (May 1970), pp. 24-27.

F E A R I N G A N D S A W Y E R : TECHNICAL C O M M U N I C A T O R : BIBLIOGRAPHY 59

Bowman, Lee. The Executive as Public Speaker. Dun's, 130

(Jan. 1974), pp. 71-72

Bragg, Lawrence. The Art of Talking About Science*. Science

(30 Dec. f966) ,pp . 1613-1616.

— . Talking and Writing About Science. IRE Transactions on

Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-2 (Dec. 1959), pp.

69-72 .

Casey, R. S. Oral Communication of Technical Information. IEEE Engineering Writing and Speech Professional Group Na-tional Symposium-Communication, 16-17 Oct. 1961, pp. 71-75

Chase, D. J Conferencemanship Chemical Engineering, 80

(28 May 1973), p . 118.

Clark, Ralph Emerson. Methods for the Study of Writing and Speech Techniques. IRE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-2 (Jan. 1959), pp. 12-14.

Colby, John B. The Medium is the Message. Technical Com-

munication, 16 (Fourth Quarter 1969), pp. 10-11 .

Costello, John. Jests Can Do Justice to Your Speeches. Na-

tions Business, 66 (Jan. 1978), p> 37; reprinted in IEEE Trans-

actions on Professional Communication, PC-21 (June 1978), pp. 60-63 .

D'Aprix, Roger M. Building Show Biz Into Technical Talks. Machine Design, 41 (3 Apr. h969), pp. 127-130.

Demen, Louis J., ancL L#uis H. Fentnor. Multiple-Image, Presentations of Technical Papers-The Concept. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-13 (May 1970), pp. 2-8.

Dornbusch, Joan F. Right Speaking from Writing: Turning a Technical Report into an Effective Oral Presentation. Pro-ceedings of the Society for Technical Communication 26 th International Technical Communication Conference, 16-19 May 1979, pp. E34-E39.

Dyer, Frederick D., and John M. Dyer. How to Be a Good Business Speech Writer. Journal of Business Communication. 7 (Winter 1969), pp. 29-36 .

, Thornton B. Moore, and John M. Dyer. How4o Handle Yourself and Others During Question and Answer Sessions. Journal of Business Communication, 9 (Winter 1972), pp. 19-24.

E a d i e , T . W. Communications and Business. Public Utilities Fortnightly (Oct. 1960), pp. 609-618 .

Eadie, William F., and Michael Z. Sincoff. Technical Com-munications in Written and Oral Modes. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 7 (1977), pp. 205-217.

Ebel, Fred. E. Read It Lflce It Is. Machine Design, (20 Mar. 1969), pp. 174-176.

— \ Tonic for Technical Talks. Machine Design, 37 (21 Jan. 1965), pp. 136-139.

Engin, Ann W., and Ali E. Engin. The Lecture: Greater Effec-tiveness for a Familiar Method. Engineering Education, 67 (Feb. 1977), pp. 358-362; reprinted in IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, PC-21 (Mar. 1978), pp. 8-11.

Estrin, Herman A. Engineering Students Speak Out about Speech. Journal of Technical Writing find Communication, 2 (1973), pp. 97 -101 .

—-. Writing and Speech for Business and Industry. The CEA Critic fNov. 1955), no pagination given.

-—, and Edward J. Monahan. Effective Oral Presentation of Scientific and Technical Information, journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 5 (1975), pp. 187-J98; reprinted in IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, PC-2J (June 1978), pp. 4 9 - 5 3 . * c *

Fradkin, Bernard M. Effectiveness of Multi-Image Presenta-tions. Journal of Educational Technology Systems (Winter' 1974)" reprinted in Journal of Technical Writing.and Com-munication, 5 (1975) pp. 53 -68 .

Gould, C, R. Anatomy of a Presentation. ΙΕξΕ transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-13 (May 1970), pp. 17-24.

— . Φ*(« £ ] $ # ! ! ! The Overhead Projector. IEEE transactions on Professional Communication, PC-15 (Mar. 1^72), pp. 2-6.

— . Visual Aids-How to Make Them Positively Legible. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, PC-16»(June 1973), pp. 35-40 .

-Gustafson, Phillip. Put Power in Your Words. Nation's Busi-ness (June 1958), pp. 74-78 .

Haakenson, Robert H. Public Speaking in Public Relations. The Pennsylvania Speech Annual, 18 (Sep. 1961), pp. 3 8 - 4 5 .

— : Speech Skills Essential to Business and Industry. National Association of Secondary School Prirteipals, 54 (Dec. 1970), p p . 7 - 1 2 .

—> Training for an Industrial Speakers' Bureau. Today's Speech, 13 (Feb. 1965), pp. 20-22.

Hand, Harry Ε Γ Technical Speech: A Need for Teaching and Research. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and

m Speech, EWS-10 (Dec, T967), pp. 4 3 - 5 1 .

Heap, H. R. Writing and Speaking Effectively. The Profes-

sional Engineer, Aug. 1968, no pagination given.

Hicks, Mason A. Speech Training in Business and Industry. Journal of Communication, 5 (Winter 1955), pp. 161-168. 168.

Horowitz, M. W. .Writing and Speaking: Two Gateways to the Mind. Todays Speech, 12 (1964), pp. 16-18.

Isaacs, Marx. Effective Speech Is Effective Communication. Technical Communication, 16 (1969), pp. 14-15.

Kilpatri'ck, J. N. Writing and Presenting the Technical Paper. Naval Engineers Journal, 77 (Aug. 1965), pp. 625-629 .

6 0 1 I I I : I T R A N S A C T I O N S ON P R O F E S S I O N A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N , V O L . PC-23, NO. 1, MARCH 1 9 8 0

Knapp, Mack L. Public Speaking in Business and Industry: Sawyer, Thomas M. Preparing and Pelivering an Oral Presen-

Policies, Publications, and Publicity. Journal of Business tat ion. Technical Communication, 26 (First Quarter 1979),

Communication, 5 (Spring 1968), pp. 3-10. pp. 4 -7 .

LaClair, Richard J. Teaching the Demonstration Speech:

Design and Present an Invention. Teaching English in the

Two- Year College, 4 (Fall 1977), pp. 37 -42 .

Lazaro, Timothy R. Effective Communication of Technicah

Information to a Nontechnical Group. Journal of Technical

Writing and Communication* ? f1977), pp. 295-301 .

Loughren, Arthur V., Herbert B. Miehaelson; and Gordon

I. Robertson. Panel Discussion- Should a Talk Be Read from

a Prepared Manuscript?- IRE Transactions on Engineering

Writing and Speech, EWS-1 (Mar. 1958), pp. 14-17.

Lufkin. James M. The SUde Talk: A Tutorial Drama in One

Act. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech,

EWS-11 (July 1968), pp. 7-14.

Manko, Howard H. Turn Your Paper into a Lively Presenta-

tion, Foundry, 98 (Apr, 1970), p. 186;

Meyer, Herbert E. A $900 Lesson in Podium Power. Fortune,

96 (Aug. 1977), pp. 196-198 ; an*202-204 .

Meyer, James I. The Effective Use of Audiovisual Aids in

Presenting Technical Information Orally. Journal of Technical

Writing and Communication, 1 (1977), pp. 45 -49 .

Mills, Billy G, Effective Presentations Before the City Council.

Public Personnel Management, 3 (Mar.-Apr-197,4), p. 115.

Montalbo, Thomas. Winston Churchilf: A Study in Oratory.

The Toastmaster, 43 JOc t . 1977), pp. 5-8; reprinted in IEEE

Transactions on Professional Communication. PC-21 (Mar.

1978), pp. 5-8.

Paul, Α., and M. Porte. Building Industrial Communication

Courses. Journal of Communieattpii, 17 (Sep. 1967). pp.

250-254 .

Perella, Anthony V., and John C. Bonac^r Read Your Speech with Flair. Chemical Engineering, 82 (18 Aug. 1975), pp 107-108.

Petrie. Charles R. Informative Speaking: A Summary and

Bibliography of Related Research. Speech Monographs, 30

(June 1963), pp. ,79-91.

Powell, J. L. Technical Speeches Can Be Fun. Hydrocarbon

Processing, 57 (Feb. 1972), ppl 121-124.

Russell, J. S. Multimedia Communicat ion-I t ' s Here,> It 's

Effective, and It 's Affordable. Proceedings of the Society for

Technical Communication 21st International Technical Com-

munication Conference, 15-18 May 1974, pp. 193-198.

Seidman, I. M. Improving Engineering Reports and Talks.

IEEE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech, EWS-

10 (July 1967), pp. 3-9.

Spence, John G. Projecting the Right Image. Chemical Engi-

neering, 81 (Dec. 1974), pp. 126-132.

Stone, G. T. Orally Presented Papers. Bulletin of the Geologi-

cal Society of America, 8 (Apr. 1970) ,p . 1227.

Stratton, Charles R., and Edward J. Breidenbach. Inexpensive Visuals for Oral Presentation. Technical Communication, 23 (Second Quarter 1976), pp. 2-5 .

Truby, J. D. Nine Ways to Make A Tough Audience Listen.

Advertising Age, 44 (21 May 1973Kp.-64,

tniman. Louis. Writing the Flexible Oril Presentation. Tech-

nical Communication, 16 (Fourth Quarter 1969), pp. 6-9.

Vinci, V. Ten Tips on How to Make a Speech. Fueloil and Oil

Heat, 32 (Nov. 1973). pp. 43 -44 .

Weber, Max. An Innovative Approach to the Teaching of Oral Communication. Proceedings of the Society for Technical

Communication 26th International Technical Communication

Conference, 16-19 May 1979. pp. Ε168-E171.

— . Applying Human-Factors Principles to Oral Communica-

tions. Proceedings of the Society for Technical Communica-

tion 2Ίst International Technical Communication Conference,

15-18 May 1974. pp. 40-42-.·

— Teaching Technical Writing and Effective Speaking as

Complementary Subjects. ~ Proceedings of the Society for

Technical Communication 15th International Technical Com-

munication Conference, 8-11 May 1968, no pagination given*.

— Time to .Improve Our Oral Presentations. Technical

Communication, 17 (First Quarter 1970), pp. 6 -11 .

Wilkinson, D. H. Slidesmanship Chemical Technology', Aug. 1975 ,pp .513-514 .

Williamson, M. A. Preparing a Paper for Delivery. Research/

Development, 16 (Nov. 1965), p . 56

[See aho the 17-item list of selected reading on audiovisual

presentation in "Let the Audience See Your Presentation"

by Glenn Kerfoot, IEEE Transactions on Professional Com-

munication, this issue, pp. 50-52. Ed.]

IEEE T R A N S A C T I O N S ON P R O F E S S I O N A L C O M M U N I C A T I O N , VOL. PC 2 3 . N O . i , MARCH 1 9 8 0

Z I G G Y by Tom Wilson. Copyright 1976 by Universal Press Syndicate; aH rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.