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1Pauls Consultancy BV
www.paulsconsultancy.com10 July, 2017
In coordination with CODECS and the EU commission
Initiative by Paul Spaanderman
This project has received funding from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research programme
Under Grant Agreement no. 653339
C-ITS PlatformEuropean Commission(Meeting 10 July 2017)
Hybrid CommunicationIn ITS & Automation
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Everything gets Connected
ITS Objective: Maximization of the information
awareness of the surrounding ensuring plausibility
to make the best and safe decisions in traffic.
• Increase of data sharing
• Communication robustness
• QoS
Hybrid CommunicationTowards Automation & C-ITS
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• The term “Hybrid Communication”, European wide introduced
at the C-ITS platform in the Phase 1 report (2016):
− include the use of multiple but at least Cellular and
IEEE802.11p/ITS-G5 communication technologies.
− It originally comes from the Amsterdam Group and
Rijkswaterstaat Standardisation report from 2014.
The term was to address ensure/improve data QoS.
• No proper definition of Hybrid Communication exists.
The term is used in various horizontal and vertical ways.
• In the domain of C-ITS the term is interpreted differently.
Clarification to reach a Interoperability is needed!
Hybrid CommunicationStarting point
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Hybrid CommunicationEarly Ideas (2014)
• The intention of “Hybrid Communication” in 2014 was to realize
focus on the positive effect of having an multiple ECO
communication system creating higher QoS for ITS traffic comfort,
efficiency and safety in a dynamic communication landscape.
• Two aspects intended to be covered by the first intention:
• Radio situations differ depending on time and location:
How to coop and manage radio availability in dynamic
radio situations?
• Multiple sources of similar information:
How to judge the relevance and value of what is
received?
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The CODECS EU Commission Initiative .
4 steps:
• CODECS Workshop: sharing the views May 19th 2017.
• Report including findings, proposed definitions, concept and
recommendations.
• C-ITS Platform meeting: Align the results of the report and agree
on the definitions, concept and recommendations.
• Publication of the agreements and recommendations: in the C-ITS
Platform report phase 2.
Supported by the participation by all stakeholder groups!
Hybrid CommunicationHow to get a Common View
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Contributing and participating stakeholders
CODECS Workshop
EATA
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CODECS WorkshopView European Commission
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Car2Car OEMs
Car2Car Communication Consortium, Position: Deployment of 11p/ITS-G5 by 2019!VOLKSWAGEN PRESS: 11p/ITS-G5 in Cars by 2019 for ITS and Automation (GM as well)Additionally Envisions Industrial/Road Automation requirements supporting licenced services in the 700 MHz and 3.4 GHz bands as well as standard 3G/4G/5G services.
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Mobile Operator
THE FULL PICTURE OF HYBRID COMMUNICATION IN C-ITS
100
BackendCar OEM Clouds
Traffic Mgmt Centers
Road-sideinfrastructure(e.g. traffic lights, dynamic signagebeacons)
5. V2
P
1. V2N
2. V2V
3. V2V indirect
7. INFRASTRUCTURE to BACKEND
LTE MEC /eMBMS
802.11p LTE-V PC5
NB-IoT, LTE, wireline
802.11p LTE-V PC5
4.
V2I
LTE-V uU
802.11p LTE-V PC5
Edge CloudV2V RelayingGeoServerGNSS CorrectionBroadcasting
Vulnerable Road User
19 May 2017– Public – Edwin Fischer, DT TI; CODECS Hybrid Communication
Workshop6
6. V2P indirectVulnerable Road User
Multi Edge Cloud computing services as bases for many ITS applications with the extension of Short-Range for local area services. Recognizes 11p/ITS-G5 in the 5.9 GHz and sees especially LTE-V2x PC5 functionality in the near future in adjacent bends
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Concordia
EATA, focus on Automation and Logistical use cases mostly other then Day 1 use cases. It starting point is an Hybrid Communication approach including ITS-G5 and 5G Multi Edge Computing (MEC) based cellular services.
EATA
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5GAA
WWW.5GAA.ORG
5GAA’S APPROACH TO HYBRID
COMMUNICATIONS
• V2X (C-V2V/P/I – namely PC5) use cases
to operate in ITS 5.9 GHz spectrum on a
technology neutral basis (noting the
5GAA’s response to the recent RSPG
consultation on ‘Spectrum Aspects of
Intelligent Transport Systems’ and the
deployment of C-V2X and IEE-802.11p in
5.9 GHz, see next slide)
• Additional and complementary
automotive use cases and applications to
operate via V2N (Uu) in licensed
spectrum bands
So far focus in Automation other than Day-1 safety use case. The 5GAA focus on LTE technology envisioning MEC Network based V2N (Uu) services being complemented with short-range services in which the 5GAA focus is on LTE-V2x (PC5) in coexistence with 11p/ITS-G5 while no work is done on 11p/ITS-G5 within 5GAA..
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Road Operators
Hybrid communication approach in Eco-AT
Will initially distribute same information via Hybrid Communication both standard cellular and 11p/ITS-G5 protocols. It expects to further develop their approaches reaching higher QoS and the way of providing more information via different Communications in future.
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C-ROADS
Is this hybridC-ITSsystem?
The C-ROADS Platform today include 16 countries committed to deploy C-ITS based on Hybrid Communication a combination of different Communication ECO systems (Cellular & Short- Range 11p/ITS-G5).They see shared market places supported by Multi Edge Computing and require improvement of data robustness and predictability. They see more functional predictability possible when for C-ITS transmitting and receiving behaviour aspects could be agreed.
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EU Projects
Projects make use of the different Communication ECO systems(Cellular & Short- Range 11p/ITS-G5)They see shared market places supported by interchange nodes and Cloud services supporting the Cellular ECO system(s) and safety related services via 11p/ITS-G5.They see the improvement of data robustness and predictability by using hybrid communication in dynamic radio circumstances as key to increase QoS.They see the need to agree on transmitting and receiving behaviour aspects for safety related information exchange.
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NordicWay architecture, interoperability and business concept
●Documentation is public and availablein www.nordicway.net
●Data exchange between Service Providers and ITS clouds
•DATEX II (v2.3)
•Messages transmitted over AMQP 1.0
•Security during pilot: TLS
●Communication between OEM cloud/Service Provider cloud and vehicle
•For HERE: DENM data content
•For OEMs: proprietary
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European Interoperabily
For 11p/ITS-G5 European interoperability is currently being ensured by the C-ROADS and InterCor projects. For Hybrid communication also on the interfaces across countries interoperability is needed and therefore profiling will be required.
The France focus on Day-1 and beyond use cases and follow an Hybrid Communication
approach with an authority centralized service approach. For dissemination of
information a centralized area definition approach needs to be defined.
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CODECS WorkshopSummary preliminary
• Varying views with a large common enumerator.
• All stakeholder groups, recognizes that Hybrid Communication is
supported by multiple technologies starting at Day-1 based on
IEEE802.11p/ITS-G5 and Cellular 3G/4G technologies complemented
by new technologies there after.
• One stakeholder group (Mobile Industry) expresses to utilize
LTE-V2x in 5.9 GHz. Decade on coexistence in progress. 11p/ITS-
G5 deploying stakeholders expect no harm to there
implementations. Coexistence interoperability and conformity
between IEEE802.11p/ITS-G5 are expected.
OEMs are interested, they require backward
compatibility with 11p/ITS-G5!
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Hybrid Communication System
IS
• Neutral complementary use of different telecommunication
technologies added features with the objective of improving
Automation and Safety decision making.
(Decision making by the road user and in vehicular systems by increased
availability of data/information and increased Quality of Service (QoS)).
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Hybrid Communication SystemELEMENTS
• Multiple, concurrent, complementary operating communication ECO systems, e.g. Cellular, ITS-G5, TMC, DBS (DAB+, Satellite)
• Sending information via difference radio networks depending on operations circumstances and urgency.
• Agreements about how applications (classes) behave over the radio networks (transmitter and receiver behaviour)
• Agreements about how to exchange information (via MARKET place)
• Agreements on how to deal with validity, accuracy, trust, responsibilities… of the data/information transmitted by services harmonized.
• Hybrid Communication requires additional Security and Privacy concepts
• Beyond Day-1 Automated and C-ITS services require additional spectrum
• Dynamic radio networks status to functional levels to realize QoSUnder laying communication layers dynamically informs the functional layers about their state during operation
• Hybrid future-proof, downward compatibility and upward extendibility.
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MECITS-Market place
Infrastructure RSU’sITS-G5/G5 in 5.9 GHz committed (no commitment yet on LTE-V2x)
Road Users
Authority Trafficmanagement
Truck FleetManagement
Car & Truck
OEM’s
Back Office Services Network operators
ServiceProviders
Hybrid CommunicationECO system
Traffic Safety
Network operators 3G/4G/5G….
3-5G Best Effort
BroadcastersTMC(FM)/DAB+
TMC-DAP+ services
5G Licenced H-QoS
Traffic SafetyB-QoS (63 GHz)
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MECITS-Market place
Infrastructure RSU’sITS-G5/G5 in 5.9 GHz committed (no commitment yet on LTE-V2x)
Road Users
Authority Trafficmanagement
Truck FleetManagement
Car & Truck
OEM’s
Back Office Services Network operators
ServiceProviders
Hybrid CommunicationECO system
Traffic Safety
Network operators 3G/4G/5G….
3-5G Best Effort
BroadcastersTMC(FM)/DAB+
TMC-DAP+ services
5G Licenced H-QoS
Traffic SafetyB-QoS (63 GHz)
The SameInteroperable
MARKET Place
MARKET Place
MARKET Place
MARKET Place
MARKET Place
MARKET Place
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Hybrid CommunicationSystem Vehicles, Motorcycles, Moppets, Bikes, Pedestriance....
Hybrid Adaptation Service
Inform Application about Communication
Capabilities
Data transfer RequestsWith freedomTo the facility service to judgeBy which Radio to transfer
Radio Protocols Static & Dynamics
(Congestion and area reach)
IN
NF
Access
Networking & Transport
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Hybrid CommunicationTraffic Participant System Vehicles, Motorcycles, Moppets, Bikes, Pedestriance....
TMCECO
IPECO
802.11
Un-Licenced
(WiFi)
IPECO
3G/4G/5G
Licenced(several)
ITS-G5 B-QoS
ECO
11p/ITS-G511px/ITS-G5
Un-Licenced(5.9 GHz)
IP B-QoSECO
G5
Un-Licenced(63 GHz)
FMMAC/PFY
?ECO
LTE-V2x
Un-Licenced(?/5.9 GHz)
IP H-QoSECO
G5
Licenced(3.4-3.8 GHz
700 MHz)
FM
ITS LayersExtensionsEspecially
FacilitySecurity
Managementlayers
Spectrum
HD-MAP
Local-MAP
Nav-MAPInfotainment, Multi-model Traveling and
system maintenance applications and services
Automation and Safety QoSapplications and services
GeolocationReferencing
Radio QoSManagement
Example Functional Architecture
IPECO
Satelite
17,3-3037,5-51,4
GHz
IPECO
DAP+
FM
ITS Security
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Hybrid CommunicationTraffic (Direct) Road Side System
IPECO
802.11
Un-Licenced
(WiFi)
ITS-G5 BQoS
ECO
11p/ITS-G511px/ITS-G5
Un-Licenced(5.9 GHz)
(63 GHz Extension)
?ECO
LTE-V2x
Un-Licenced(?/5.9 GHz)
Select-partHD-MAP
Local-MAPRSU
Automation and Safety QoSapplications and services
Radio QoSManagement
Select-partHD-MAP
Local-MAPRS Router
Automation and Safety QoSapplications and services
Radio QoSManagement
IP H-QoSECO
G5
Licenced(3.4-3.8 GHz
700 MHz)
IPECO
IPECO
Optional3G/4G/5G
Licenced(several)
CABLE
Non
IPECO
Non
CABLE
ITS Road Site Unit 1-n
ITS Road Site Router
Example Functional Architecture
Traffic ManagementCentre
IPECO
Satelite
17,3-3037,5-51,4
GHz
GeolocationReferencing
ITS Security
GeolocationReferencing
ITS Security
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Hybrid Communication Recommendation
• The interest in C-ITS is growing resulting in an increasing number of varying
C-ITS applications. To ensure European proper operation of services,
agreements on how they operate in the hybrid communication environment
needs to be agreed at a centralized point. A starting point is realized by the C-
Roads project and C2C-CC, but this needs to be developed into an organisation
to guarantee an aligned continuity including EU security and privacy policies.
• To realize commonly agreed European ITS Roadmaps (use cases/functional
and technology). These roadmaps should only ensure interoperability. A
starting point is made by the CODECS and the C-ROADS platform and related
projects but need to be formalized in a European process thereafter.
• It is recommended to facilitate and stimulate the development of a
cooperation between European national data warehouses and commercial
actors, e.g as shown in information sharing models, and developments of
European ITS market place(s).
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Hybrid Communication Recommendation
• It must be recommended to investigate how to manage the Hybrid
communication resources which need to accommodate the date/information
exchange for the wide variety of upcoming ITS Infotainment, strategic
(routing) and tactical (safety) related information exchange by means of
application classification and their information exchange priorities.
• It is recommended to investigate the impact on the security and privacy of the
introduction of Hybrid Communication.
• It is recommended to support business studies to find the pro’s/con’s of LTE-
V2x specifically for short-range communication especially for higher QoS
requirements including liability.
• It is recommended to further stimulate the development of highly accurate
Geolocation Reference systems to support the high accuracy requirements
from C-ITS and Automation applications.
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Hybrid Communication Recommendation
Specifically towards QoS
• Currently the coverage for each of the different technologies varies area by
area also leading to different organisational and business decisions country by
country. It is recommended to investigate the costs benefits for the relevant
technologies related to the specific application class and their influence on the
specific stake holder business decisions to make to support the operation of
use cases seamless European wide.
• It is recommended to support research of the impact of Functional Safety [7]
on the information exchange and relation to other QoS aspects in relation to
vehicle/road user equipment. This, as just receiving the information is not
enough, circumstances and trustworthiness in which it is created are important
to be able the use of the data or information for specific use
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Hybrid Communication Recommendation
Specifically towards QoS
• It is recommended to investigation how to realize predictable QoS. A
suggested way by VW was that we should look for instance to licensed cellular
solutions in the 3.4-3.8 GHz and 700 MHz bands. Bands based on possible
alignment with other cellular envisioned pillars and where possibly central and
device to device methods could be investigated.
• It is recommended to stimulate the development of Hybrid Communication
systems in which the lower communication layers provides dynamic
information to the functional layers about their current state such that
applications can take appropriate measures supporting the concurrent use of
multiple communication Eco-systems.
• It is recommended to support studies how the use of satellite communication
for broadcasting as well as peer to peer information exchange can satisfy C-
ITS application requirements. May in combination with analyses on LTE and
DAB+.
