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Chris A Clear

Specifying cement –

standards and nomenclature

Chris A Clear BSc PhD CEng MICE FICTResearch Manager, Concrete Performance

British Cement Association

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Chris A Clear

Cementitious Materials

Portland Cement, CEM I or PC

Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag, ggbs

Pulverised-fuel ash, pfa

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Other Materials

Limestone

Silica Fume, SF

Metakaolin

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Materials outside current standards

Pulverised-fuel ash, run of station or conditioned ash

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD)

Lime Kiln Dust (LKD)

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Portland Cement, CEM I

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Manufacture Portland Cement

Kiln temperature 1400 C

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Ground granulated blastfurnace slag,

ggbs

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Manufacture of iron and slag

Iron ore, Coke, Limestone

Air1500 C

Air

Iron

Blastfurnace

Slag

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Grinding of cement or slag

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Pulverised-fuel ash, pfa.Also known as ‘fly ash’.

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Pulverised-fuel ash or fly ash, production

Ash from coal burning power station

Fine fly ash for use with cement

Separator

Coarse fly ash for use as grout, fill or bulking agent.

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Main Cementitious Materials

Lime Cement

Ground granulated

blastfurnace slag

Pulverised-fuel ash, fly ash

Raw Materials Limestone/

chalk

Limestone or chalk with clay

or shale

Iron ore, limestone

Pulverised siliceous coal

Main process Burning at 1100 ºC

Burning at 1400 ºC

Burning at 1500 ºC

Burning

Final process Sometimes grinding

Grinding Grinding Classification

Particle shape

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Standards and specificationsStandards and specifications for cement, lime, ggbs & pfa

Binder Title of specification Number

Cement

CementPart 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cementsPart 4: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for low early strength blastfurnace cements

BS EN 197-1

BS EN 197-4

Building lime — Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria

BS EN 459-1

Liming materials — Description and minimum requirements

BS EN 14069

Fly ash for concrete. Definitions, requirements and quality control

BS EN 450

Pulverised-fuel ashPart 1. Specification for pulverised-fuel ash for use with Portland cementPart 2. Specification for pulverised-fuel ash to be used as a Type I additionPart 3. Specification for pulverised-fuel ash for use in cementitious grouts

BS 3892 : Part 1

BS 3892 : Part 2

BS 3892 : Part 3

Ground granulated blastfurnace slag

Specification for Ground granulated blastfurnace slag for use with Portland cement

BS 6699

Pulverised-fuel ash or fly ash

Lime

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Cement and Combinations for Concrete

Nomenclature Constituents, %

Cement toBS EN 197

Combination toBS 8500

CEM I Clinker

Pfa,fly ash Ggbs

Lime-stone

Portland CEM I — 95-100 — — —

CEM II/A-V CIIA-V 80-94 6-20 — —

CEM II/B-V CIIB-V 65 -79 21-35 — —

CEM II/A-S 80-96 — 6-20 —

CEM II/B-S 65-79 — 21-35 —

Portland limestone CEM II/A-L or LL CIIA-L or LL 80-94 — — 6-20

CEM III/A CIIIA 35-74 — 36-65 —

CEM III/B CIIIB 20-34 — 66-80 —

Pozzolanic CEM IV/B (V) CIVB (V) 45-64 36-55 — —

Blastfurnace

CII-SPortland slag

Portland fly ash

Cement type

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Ternary Diagram

glass

Flyash

ggbs

CEM I CAC

SiO2Silica

Al2O3CaOAluminaCalcium

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Strength class

2 day 7 day 28 day 28 day

min. min. min. max.

CEM 52,5 R 30 52.5

CEM 52,5 N 20 52.5

CEM 42,5 R 16 42.5 62.5

CEM 42,5 N 10 42.5 62.5

CEM 32,5 R 10 32.5 52.5

CEM 32,5 N 16 32.5 52.5

CEM 52,5 L 10 52.5

CEM 42,5 L 16 42.5 62.5

CEM 32,5 L 12 32.5 52.5

BS EN 14216 VLH 22,5 22.5 42.5

Compressive strength, MPa

BS EN 197-1

BS EN 197-4

Standard Ident Class

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Strength development

7 28 56 18030

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20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Age, days

Strength, N/mm2

Test daysCIIIB, 70% ggbsCIIIA, 50% ggbsCIIB-V, 30% pfaCEM II/A-L, 20% limestoneCEM I, Portland cement

350 kg/m3, WRA, medium slump

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Examples

BS EN 197-1 CEM I 52.5 NCommon cement Portland Class Normal

BS EN 197-1 CEM II/B-V 42.5 NCommon cement Portland fly-ash Class Normal

BS EN 197-1 CEM III/B 42.5 LCommon cement Blastfurnace Class Low

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Cement and Lime Industry Guidance

The Essential Guide to Stabilisation/Solidification for the

Remediation of Brownfield Landusing Cement and Lime

Available from:

enquiries@concretebookshop.com