Specification Steel

7/22/2019 Specification Steel

1/71


2/71


3/71


4/71


5/71


6/71


7/71

Mr'hl*'Mtt "

Pw'Pr* =

Ptr 'ln-

d-' 4.N(wro) N- rw (AsD)requndsew4d-wder #exuralst)flgll usinq 1479 0( /isDlndutttttrrahors, N-nmfirsl-order vnmrd uivrg llfl) or ND lad arn\nahus, as


8/71


9/71

to1tit!!n1*s at


10/71

tuxa.r tu+ffitot'L tr Mtr^Aav$

this s66;* aYPliartthe cevrlvoidal ad(.

roe iE,'tac;-l,vwnW a$ec*S ovbl\P,won "auspl W mVP* afig+hngh

ttrr Ncfu' +ar w.gvr,ol\nduded\rtlhl svrtod +\eful\wi,g sodw ayffj'\lenWvs oq**+otdgwtAewdun s$on to avrlLiwd a.jrrl Wn M kurvthwndeA tdsane*ug ekunewls\r *aaud&&iwr ntytuved'pw otevdtoanahw of *nAunmWrs

Ue( W, Yw wnW aoiyeAM lMWs\ { lerrsro,r, )he.,Aa&rwe< rdio Lh"',,WAg .Srry[ *of swel 0m. nm arylat dws w& arylltr rds whaw it,*e[so''"renslle J,trevrglh

ltte deiign+atlle sjreir4lla , ilrP, , wd +w altsmAe h^db sfietylh, P^ /(4, 4 ^knlron yn ;*, dmtlW"lhelater value Uaind aw$,nqn q! 1i,r,i{ ,*^fus 4Ws\le gUigifrIW gras sed.ol avd laasle wfiirvtttl\o nd sedwt',t" tw lstrst?. giddirg irr.l&o grxs sediqr

. b02.O,q,W

. 510.0, o4D"+,1,510.4.b

ml.1

obt+.1

Slen/lCItw* AfiW,orc,\Wuv {tD vlulqruiyl s\evilunus tiuril $r My il twfuwiyr {q,lsir

P,= 0fu4,

- D"qI(LKFP) p-1" 4.W(A3E

W'

u ttr kudle ruyfu*it llw ue* sechwt:

@ot+.t-t)

fn' fu Ae{,. o.% (+rp) {Lt. L N(Afi)

ef(ulirre wl aveg,vt1yy1"0mx1 aw ol netfuer, nn'sve aFed rniniuurr 4ield stres * +he fup dP slad Wnq ,red ,E^Fd uinimuyyr yrn;1sWh q+liuWr| S*,t fu;yltsd

rohen mewfus nrit{,roa,t trlola awlullt1. eunet}td h4 vdd+, +te eff


11/71

Tor angles ,111e E:,Oe f>r hda in oypoi[ adlate,tf legs slail be llwrUrrt oi }he gaget frbrn l\e bat*. {- l+w angles less +lw lhid,ttess.

Aa' ArLl

ii,Mre,c - lorrgitrdrnal cenlw-lo-ut*wsyadtig Q,fil q ^yfuopnsecufvt holes, ung . tra*svQrse cetctzr-to-cenW syar"rrrg Qage\ fufweertfas\enw gage lines , wm

E\+lw pwfuraiei uW plales or lte plalec r,uii{,rouf ladvtq a*. poloW usel on $e oyta sr)w * builttp WEion nenWw,, \d. ptatus sttwue. a @h n*Vsslhan lua"lhid< Ihe- dghttce bdvteettfhe li,resor faslenew aonnuhqql$evn b fu ooapatN ff )he,tvmbbt."rtdhifi sudt liz ylates e6,ll ndWless llun one-Nteh 4 fie d,Efuutce*hae tive


12/71

beil - 2l + lb,fin bul no* mo,re lllan lhr wtual dBlanrcfuuwr the edgo o( lte hole 1o !fu. elge * Ihe patlileaswrelJ\n I\e dri,vcho$ nDYnal lD thL applielpo,

d ' (m diaw$e,r, {nfi't ' lhrclnees ol plale, vnnb, for Vuring ort +W pfja*td aea * l\v. y\n, cee 8e0+;on o10,7.4- Yor giddivEorrlhcgws sethon, usz EqualiusD4.2-1.

5D+.e"2 Diuenfioval Veqi vznevlslrw p\n hde sfult be lvded nldwa! ttelwet tlw. edoys { l\e uenfur\ut I\e drridton nanrnal to lhe ap,pied fw,z.utttw lht pw"e eryte*d ltyrou\da loy volatve fibwl.eil+ iAww annuled par* whlz'urdw{utrload, *Ik dan$4 4 fu f^ ho\- lvtall nol be vndw 4\m 1wm g%W funthe d,iavne*w 4 +fu ?n

the a\dlh ol+\e pble at t|rc pin hde dwll nolWlssttrwn 2fup+atatd ltL wninun artnsioyr, a,VEottd llw-burivg ed { the p\n hob,ffralld b +\e a*E + +fuVfiqM , elwll nol wlas llwn Loz x 4n,

rlv arcr< vegfu +\e pn hde awyar.tr\lle) lor-cul al 4s, lo the a*d thewe,yrrW,r, prwided$e" nQ* am Wryd the y\,rinde, ati a phat Wryr,dAlm hlrtr- a,*, is vroi leEs Irwn+M rtquitd VEwd th- 'pithde ytrdtt)to te a,4, { +\r, vnovaber.,D+b WMrsM,b,1 lensV, Sherlgt r

Itrp, woilafu,lenltz $,rrytaol Eehrt dallW ddrevwitd \naulrd^wirli{h SaCrotlr Wll , v$+h As IaWn as )he cw


13/71

cT10N 505DE6r6^t tr M6 bW "& @ty/lwffiiott,

'lftis sdifi dveseE nenbrs su{iectt a*tal atryatUlhrwgh [email protected], fur ueWbdrc n}l\ncluded in *ltis ,rdiort +p. frloui,rty sadtos< ryp$.

. oa,1-sb.o Venbu< atu{Jw to cutVrwd o*nl cntryusrl,a oyg $a*e'W,1 Venba,,S sufled {o otr;,l aoupaion ad WEiltl,b10.44 Cnnpre


14/71

W.y\, Sc'd1u 6b.q,or {ltc pnarisioms 0f Jeotioyt W"L, asapliuAe,Mpa. r - 'l('EtL - &Y\r)

tlEu lW, il,re ju,o eqyalore fu cawbnry{he linrrts aM apy|cabifily4 Sedra/r EM,? b) aM We.r(b), ore bmed on' kUr wdqe Wq(A Nr Fc, pruid,o $le srrrc wsull,AyO**ry, Strcng+h fo lwslwnl avd fla.tlal-Torftonat WWtrg 4 WwWrsoltl,roat krlw Hms'l;ll'lhis spriion ayrylieslo sirglg sgumelic atd unsguwdtiLwtrrnw,ad ceAdiudwb! qmnehv wtenW, sudt as oa4wn or Wllltp cotunw ui+h coanpac* ard,t1l(toDrrrpa* sQt*iil1s, N d?fr:$en in 8ea*iotl W.+ fu un;funly wnp,esd Qkvtatg,l1tece yvuisMs a,o yd requ\(ed lu ci,gle mflks, which o@ co,wd'in Sec{m sb,g,

Irk norinal WprrsAw fu,tgL, n, slall W deterni*ed Ws


15/71

T"EFE= l&\.ry )

F"-Wru)WO = shear, rildr.ilrs d efaslutg of sieel= 'fi,2o.]*t4?6

(qoE,+-to)

two.4-y)

fu Wpallvl atghs w uneqnllg andes c*ter)d'fn il +\elwEnlelilat aueirtdivalual fienbetc or arc wob nenWrs $ phvr lruss wad;acenl wb vrewltw clladAet\a $s earne rlde of lat gasse* ?W&ud,a, when g


16/71

fu uwqual-lE atgiles 0i+14 kJ lerylh raho; less ltnavr 1.+ a$d mneokd *hnt',Eh*hs shtr+ff_ W1, Kt/r lnm Eop+rov6 505,5'1 ^'d 50b,5'+ ehall be,inaeased Vgoddinq t Lt6ta)'* t), vo* k* 0l lhe nunbw dvlt nol fu. ks$ ++wn 0.trL/6,whw'L ' le@ fi menWr bduBeu voorLydvtts a+fivc drud ce*ufiw, ttutl

bi " lwtry lE ol agle, r,,r'b, = dlrwW kg d aryle, wwrr*- rcdrus 4 gymlton aWl ywelrv w paralkl *t anneded lE,**12- yctdits dglffi fo+h. minor yrtndpl ais,wn

,. Single avqV 'fiuA\w; Wi+lr dWerrt eud wtdthons fom ttnae des beA inSeclr'ovr vb,5(a) u fu), uilh IEIW'mltx qwnW fiwn 4-7,0r di*lvranrnene l#iirtg shall be eualwted )trr wuVi,ned aial ld ad lla.r;lrvu*vg the povieior ol suhon 500, W rntnrrhot+o d#aw* \s on eilrsAd or 1o bdh l.egs, the use S Srgle htl or the al\rchnert $ @;acertilelt newbws n opytcirtr s\da S {he guw* ?W N dtod aall wshhtediflvrar/-


17/71

2.

whulta,sb.EAo*LOb wtrtr ofrt,lE/ry < b/t < 4.0, m

Ac, Ldas - o"1t+H{E paT7^5)

e. lohet U1o >l.otJffi0.(aeo" fr(fr"

tu lhw,arglee , ard fla+et prlleAttgtom burtWq ulnnns or}lrpx a\Wiov mwibers,a. ntnu -b-< o.@+ ter - - -'l rI

&= l.o 6os.+T)b. uinen o.wm < b/t s tt.p tglT yry

Qs, l.+tb *o,bb &)ffi (no.+o)> q.Rlw6

0.gouha,= htW

w\e$'k,. L avd slnll fi01 betaYp.il lecs llwn 0,1{h/t* gfiofu*wn }nblw uluiloln'mI

Yor drylo wgtua wlen b.< n,* lE( - v"-'',1 F!

As='l'Ob. wywa o.4q Ji/ft < bft, < o.q1,tffi

Qs= 4.b+ -otb(+) lT> o.qtJ E/rt

0'5?E'/1-({s- fuYFrG)\iiltw,

.b = {utl ,^,idth 4 W* *gb@,^^

a. dnu 4


18/71

Qs= 4,4w-r.*(gl|when d/t , q,rl ItJrq

o,(Aea"" nffi,. ioid*h * WtraU ewe*sW dilw?,(*,q deindin\dw 602,*,wrt. lip+rll vwrnirrd det'h* lw,vnm' Ihuln*s fi dwne*,wrt

Sbrdw sh&Yn Vwe,ttB, Qolbprutchufuttu, 0o, fu, eWfu A$qpd efurcxYn dfindae fdlu*,

(w.+-tte1

tfiw./ . ,t't t qvs-sdwal afffr ff wilM^,fifiq' stwfiWwol ++v q$


19/71

sEc110N 5A',wstGt-t 6 tw-t Agw w Ftz*uw[v,isJurl* a(plist b vnewfu su$u*to s\u@, Wvdtrg aW,rt oK findpat aAe fu snfr.bod"\ng, *he wpnW \s lfud \n a flans parallol *o .a prirwipal a*B lW Vat*s fivwfu,r +hshw-u,tq+w or Is reslrained @r* 'lruirtirg of lvd Vd,f" qd uypd;

:Co- lq*al-lwdoml Vucilinq wr&tificthonfu$r $r llon-uvi(orw mwd duhsn bolh ,nds 0+ hle. unsuygorkl vgneW arc, tumd

Cu= RMs r.o UA!,t.6klnw+ oMn + 4Mpt ?MUsr l.lot, fir wewW vrol lnduded in {hL seciia,r {lre fllorr}ng wr'{ane a,1pl5,

itwwW sulaja* fu 6w*Vl $www*o rnyfriwA *l


20/71

6qt.l Dwdg $nwJric CWd T-fupea Vemws ayd cWnn* Wri+ dw,t a+vir V\1w Axvlhii ssction appliu h douhg synmdric E-shapet fienw$ ad clwnnek Wabul l*tar rvt\lor o*re , haurtg anpac* we\s ard c,wnpacl llargeg as definedinSethon 50X,4,

user Note, Allurwt AslM A'b t^{, s, M, c avl Mc etarys ercEl wa *,1o,W14rM, W14.r q9, W12* 6, WtDrM, V.tLvA,y,t7:,lO, Nb,iS,v,lQ*ct, !,[6*0,6,a*d Mq*b Vave aty,t l+Mn = eLr, (M, -otrr*>ffisu, (wro.z-z)

Mr= ForS, a Mr (sxo.ta1 andFor a doudy sywndncdTslnf ; c = Iwlwe,.Lb- lu4lh b^dwunytivtts +lwt awd*her Vrmd rynwl lafual dtS,w_me* 4 cwnprcswo iawf o, Waud rytrcl ftgfrf W cwt- for a dvnne); c= +f


21/71

r)lrere1,1r, = di*arue Velween *\c flange cerfiddE, um

ile.r Nole, \ llw sqwru rnol Wuivt Eryaho',t ya!.L-+e cnvwwatt'tt\labn qyal $ t,eqydwa tX!.2-rr beattt9L, =1lr*.m

Nol'e that lht, ayyrmw$on uv W e$,reuely consentffiW,Tor dub,g $vauaotric TsVwpes ai+at wr*ar'Etlat llc4we, ^- \tard *lrus tryahorr fiW,L-+ IteoMs rfi = tgh,29,rB Ytwybe apyurwYed auwolre,lg ayd cnsrvdr$ ot lW rdi,s 4

ggvrefrbn ol he auyrte4ontlarys yhs ore-s*h d l+w, uxh,frs =

Duu$ .$trrrrrelnZ l-Swfd WW; wr,M Cnwtpacl, WW fu llmain(ru+ ov ElafuHangu bul abo* *heh kt{g AsslhB ser,tiorrr apyliee to datblg sgwmfic 'I-shaped wenhrs berrt ab* WV nalora$haivg ctr$W webs arid non-ailgd s( sletde,r llotvys as deliwd irr SrJiovr

sw,4.

U?/ I{ole. thelollutg shayts hap. wtt-wugc,l ltawftr fq{oMllPa',WA* M, W 14 r44, \V1q * @. 16/l2xQ5, WiD * l!. WO* 7,wo * 40, v,l b x tr5, vt 0 x al, w 0 t o.5, ad tA4 * o, A4l oltvr M\AA'b W,,t'A,^nA +P slvgt Vvue coupt'l +W10es$' Fg{grytAh'

Thc rrortllvtal $e*ural stxnglh, Mn, slallbe lhelower value, oVlnaed occot {lre lirvrif sla+te ol lo/reral'lorsional V,tdollng arrd oowywes\oYt +1aAgo loul Ww.a.+ Wwvtl -Tor6oml WdAingFw taW,rut-tw;ord fucditg,*he prouieion o[ Sertim nl.2.te]vrw.z.o &lu1wxlon flatry lnal W,te-';,vtgTtr trechoyrs a\*\ non- cowlqa llafigQs

lr, , LMp - ( Mp- o 1Frs,)(il-_YrfTTr sechurc wi$ slader ltffgesMr-ry

(Wo

(sw

wWrc,

suo.l

)= b{" 2r+|tc=)f is *he lir+rifr?rg slendoneesfur a ampac* flanff,TadeyD

'7* = )" il ltr linrrhg sleldanes l,,r a nu-owtp,r* Hry,tqde Wkr. # ovd slwtl rrol be *aLert l


22/71

ur nq'corn?Nl WQbs, as delintd in }e.crtn vot,4.Use,r Nok.' L- ilaped ueUVs$ tr urhirtr lhiJ ser,h'oyr B appl;caW nagW desiEned

unwahwlg using Serha wo.s,'Il1e riminal{lexilral dtrcr,glfi, Mr, shallb tle toues{ vakrc oMined acwdng tttlte liwrit Met 4 cnnprces\on llany, yidd.ing , lafuat- torgoml budiing, oowyve LMn = F* Su 3 Py.Mg"

whw,

Ma"

CurzEfn = tLbYtr,)

=EC!'t*c

Foolb*(+\ k"=ff (w


23/71

no'=|ffi (#, ')(*H] sffwhere.,Mp=J*,S'

uherg,

aw * -hct'"'-bplpcbpa - covnlfts


24/71

tk.=ff aM etttall,A0lW, fuWqlexl+twa O.finor qtd* llAn1n/ tg 0-1tt h, uvulahu Wtrws) a (bf"/htf,))ff = )p,4te liailivrg dpfuyw lor a uuya4 lbry-,hAe wo.+.l^q = )r, llp liniling 'ladmw fi" a nornanprlWr,k\e bw,*.1railu Flavtrc Yiddlrta{' ut n ci> & fii liuif ckie '| {enrrr fuY giil,tg aoe< nor aWU.

2." ruhar ..11.+ < &

vlkrc.) " h,/t,)p= )r,4he liunitimg sler&trvc Sv a awg* v$, dETable W141) *- h,, lhe liu,li,ng s\qvdefiW lD{ a vru-uw p a tt v'ob, d alal)le%r'+.1

w.t\4 lyr Douhlg Sgwrnroifrc av! Sirgly Sgwrutrt I- Sru.Ved WtrW nr*{n Se@ wfu 4abl,lt l\ei W$w lxvthit rezfi,rr aftliw, t doub\ t\tfiinQliic ad sl$q sr4urrrul.,i I-*y^Wj wp

ni{h sledor o'obg ^+lah?) fu ihe n?-.l4lh e ilpfla,,gA, venI aN lheiv vofi\,& d$ned\nhdrnfu.4.tlu. ilqilinal lltxural dtq4+1,1, Mn, sVail W, +fu. b'^ri value dohind atuvdi

f'r* ctat6 4 wqywes\on, lfung,e giddng,la+evaVlwtionl rarllrirg, ayhyre4liyloat budAig ard leneion Sa,rtry gddirg.W,5) Cmywlur furye Yiddirgl,(n * SyqFe S*.ile,Elt l,alu61-761tir*l fuding

Mr'kryfoyS* 1vu,4. lrtlvn h 3 b , 1tu lirrril s{afo b+ talfrdl -Mual 'arcHiA dw nL. liltbvt l,p < U, 3l*

n,'afr,'[o.af,t\@J=r, (soo,. Wtrat b>U

Ms+ = fgl^r

lte woh phsfif cahw k rt*,yurspdi,q +o tW l ^^+',ton#WWf(#)l sffi puc+45b)

uVwp,


25/71

CorfE

whew,tak d*tned ry EoYmlion vuz'+4

l*'T(rt Gao.5-dftq \s ltv. votdirysl,,vglh *Aucfim bdor

Rya = t (+- ,. ft).,., (5vos+)uhee'.

o,* d$nedvUEqMhaA w!'vll hfi sllall utot rcwdq0

0,q zL,F.,'lN Goa,za(E)NLvrt"

L" .+ avd sdlt nal W la4n las lt,zrln O.ss nw q,e*"- Jili +lvn r,nb$r cotulatua Vnryw) = bp /Lts"lof )t,lhe lirrrif,rg tte$uvtecs, $r a awff* fu,Vr,Idble)r(= i,,\he linilng den[t nec< $v a rrcn,uwrp*t flaW,VVefiol* Wwflaryefiddiryt. tn6.fx+>&. flis timit rJ,'ot t ludot-fiarry" g\iliV awnol

r t$w.k < &.M,= Fj&r (sob,v

Mn= Me " fszs s 4-?FJS! (nG

tu = f uY S t, boto.b- q,\7

fEJ o*y

sff*b T-SVwped lfiznfuvt ad dranvtr)s WI aLrl,tt llidr l"fiiwr fuVlhU eediurr a@\e< 4o I -staWd nentrcr'l ail c.fu,nwk tnv* afu* llwit nhw

r. fur eeliow ,lilh awpc* {ows,llp liruif dde[ cwur,tssir lbtge ilo'b'4 l;dditgtvnl Wdinq dwe wl agplg,t. ?ot, szc,{rbru uilil uonalwgad thvgec

f"*-Lrr'(otf)(ffi)] ss6r0)

tsU,s+) Ifulrwrilrllllerwnlstr/Uil4, Mn, fu\W'fiPlovVw\* obhined atardt+lwrfimit Ms d giekig tfireru rrovrrat) avt tlaW lual hdd,rE

ido.v.l Hange racal fuNiry4. lo, ediott wifi aryaI +Vrys 4{re lirvril rtale sl pdd4 etilur tJofu,, hll uvrenl Asl\A Alo W, s, M, c and IAL slnp ,,"o

wLlv &, wfi{ q, wM raD, w lz*66, Yd4ox42'

h ' lhtficfir. rad,ius fi ggrdion M Wttnt V,tr$ing acdefned','x P$ton Wo.4

qaa"q., Canp,es)ton Flnnge Wal but$irgMn = RTrtu!*

,t. lw serhm,, ulillrt eleMet llangc strfiow


26/71

Yor xzttaw a\+h nwirl'litriad funMMn = My '(Mt-t.+FsO (rffi) =r,,Wb*D, Wb* 15, t'lb*A, W b*Q.5, ard U+*tpyo*an$y* fl^W al fy'lt+ut'lr(a,

when.7 " plashc se4iou wd,t\ts aborfi 4\e axB of Wrnirq , vwn'

Yrru flttufiWal hr*t)vgt. for uupct sed\ons,lfie tinif e{ale o[ |huE lvalWMiydwsffi aMr' FuS,

0.w

lw.a'q(w.b.-1\

u\b.6-+)

2' hr seotianr urilh vron-arlFd+hry;u,- Mp- 0/t,-rr\(a.n!

fa serhus a\Ihslmdar +hrtysohwe;r:\l+ qa)sMp

f+ o a)sa,

(ru1

(ilL"

VXo.?

Fn= l'W)w)l= b/*M " )t,{e tnri{ilr4 sWlsfies lw a anyac* fu,ge,hilefla,4,1h- l,,t{4c fimit'rf sMwss .fu" aw-rmtyad ltvE,Th\ewz,+'\f,i' {w a &wtel syail W'lalen as 4+t& winiwu spdon ndtitts

Sqtne nf WwEulat t19s avd fu-slngl lAenbwthB e{,$,iM ayp\iw 1o qyave.avd redaryukr ltss,.ard dway


27/71

Itle yrorrriyral lleturalufnv+1,, Mn, sVafr ve, +he lwsl vatqe oWained aurtlirgfo {te limitsfafe+ of gidding (pla+\c mweq!),lalual -torsioval W,tdcling ad Jllanga total bu*-lin1.WoCI,r ,liddiry

Mn'M,uhere 'Mr ' 6.L . 1.10 M,l tr slem< irr iey,eioyr{ Mg hv shnsirt cupessu

,a0 9.L lalwal- Iar"rioral htolJtryM,=w,-nJq@ p+FrT)

utha,e".

b'Yrr(-aff

l/fnFoS*

the ylus s?rfu b Apyl\s uhen {fies}em B }n larsiovr aM +he vnirtus s1napplie,, *tr^ttre slem Bin omyuseion. 4 +le +if of {rn slavr B, in tmpra{nnantyVierz alwE 4+w urbmud ta$'$,l\e-negafrv(, valw oN v stratl w.wk|.Wa.t flariqe lml hu$trg ofTe|s

0.wl4f*=W\erpl

Jwte ktwtrhiE sediott apylies to single apW i,r1i{h and n*tro# avrhtuar hteral reatary$ar Png\h.

SitgE, arglu o'+tr coyrtfr,tuoUs lcttuml-twsanl rvslawt dW tfu leWh glallg,rnl+id 1o w duryed on k WsB d @fcarB /x,g) fuanq "irqb aaurillraud la'thnuws lalumllwiowl rusiaiat alug +lv W* a6,t W,"dgiry;us\rV W prusiolfu yi*ipl aa Wnd$ ewept whai +ile rywtwrtw"boabu* a Ewuetac nrn * W,ltettlsr Nofu, ror yndrk a*z fu\n, us. sedtov pw@na crrluuc,d aWrt $v.x-

g-a$ ol *fu ry\r,. Wrallul ard Verpetdia,tbr 1o *$e |tr.fu Wrry dnUf use, sechon ?,W'q t*Ffud aMut lh.- n$w ad ninfdprl al,ee ol I\e aryh.llrcnom\,tVl flanmls+\eW, tln, dallW.lhe Lowst value oftd,vd arurd

f +lre tinn]f s*tks & g\ek\rg (@f, wfua+), tatr4d-+wsorat ntMing ardlual W*/i,rtgW"to.t ''ltddivl

wi.q-1)

(axr,q-l)(W!,q4\

(w,q-4\

(w.qq)

W",q+\

gUo.tO

fu+- fi(+r -,*W\E)Tw ungd seohtrns, +[te lirni|shh of thrglrat VwAirydues uoFtryra-cowr4d eADv,

@0.

t' fir,swdd g.fus@,.q

& {he &s"lrt sedrm nilul*s @rwd b tlte awp*esiu {larry., f*deWwd as &llours,


28/71

klr' 4.v 1,.,1ualprc

Mg"gio,Avnqney* ab6* #e aA, S Wdrng, N-hrr5Vo.10.'). Weral.T)s\wl hcbllrg

l+v tag+h b\vJfran Mrs MtM, - (0.ru- "#")*

My 't\bnW,fuyenas 0.b finres the giil uowr* abuhd wivgl$e.rxdric sedrovl ilro/t,tlue.llse,r Nole'

Y,*g W laku ! M t, iryk argW n;*h lhekqtu'* unpax\m, avdha,ir$ ^ sfun,b-defih

(W.ro-t)

wtlett Mr> Mg

M,= (r.^r- i.1+ff)ro= l.sM two,to-t)alvwMr,tlteetw*rZ lalqal-hdowl buc\ivg ntuqant,n ddwmined as $frou*,

q- tur Wn^ry :M .ry,! ++e, gytdnz 6Nes 0l n eqnllg avgte ntlh wI alenl - ittgorwl ArHivg rnmrsrtto tl)'i{l wdnuw avnyes


29/71

t = antleltg +h")"ws'nwP, " a suhor Vhpq pr meqyal leE anEles, porititt.fo "ho/t $s irt anyrcsi,on and neEatuefu l.gle4s in uynp,re.sstw, T4 l+vhgkglt \n anpv


30/71

t 3 {,;fih 4 v


31/71

(*)_, - i41.1+-* o rr.uh

r-a\ - o.+2E\n)* = redrae"a = clw dAhnce Wu@t tanswse,sldpnat,, yasr

T.n uwhffwd drM h/+@ fut nol ewq) ttil.fite,ah,o 4 +leurh aw lo l+e cwywr;ufuW qw sfit nol wcpd 10.W.D.) hor ?hlu.fr*w a{ wtyea^aans ov Eirdew wg be variedin rhbLnecs or u*kA$ilV a,eries 4 W ory {rv,oiE ouerynter.

llv.lotat c,ws-caful area ol (M ptarq E hM gww srah n*exM 10 Wsrt * lhefut fu*l_ o*., lqh-st*gh botb u wils wned\ lhryes web. or o* phkto ttarweyail W, lWmtdl Jo reBi *p +olal uoizful iaar ewltvq W i"u''efutma.on )he $rder ltr- lorqitdt,vl nflaniu d*ese blE0v itteyfifierrt wdd, clvn Win gwporhwiolle\rtensilq'al lhe shar.lloww, {ae lmoltudiml spacing stah nol erwa *i rwl,wr)m gniltedfor,.anVwlm 0rle,yrsiort' *t;br"irr kcfion ny.to n ,u+i.**A,Ahlleov we*l+ rnrwryfiry law nltu a^tt atb ve ww,r,mW,#r+btle, wn oynt t00ds drytwd."a,y*ly to*e$q"- ,fi_\ pr_*t wtu+Dtrawit iAn A'iry dwv!*;,,g

w.1v4 buih-up boavUhatro N nopWans Or dvnnd< ae Ud W qde+u*khlua flepwt wnW,y fun b canneM iydtert, ii-ri;; #Jetir?tr voalt.z, qhw Nrwwd l4s al,e carted fuwi otte M

.,^ .f:yrl1W *y /ffis squ w, enpndd W+he- t\a$W Wfirad +taz e4e6 prfwn dnlt W.qWdd $ )twMm or\h,gn,-{ .u6+ hlb in a'A\y


32/71

\-S

-=+s+g L6 rsF it-& 6E NQb SFg &xs_s_1y 5 s^ lS gsG -s5(sc Ns =


33/71

fits srciovr addues% web ol siflglg or dwhr4 syvnwdrnc WWW su$uito elvar \n{rcp4e 4 )$,r\p,b, e\rgV a$ee aM f$5 seohote, aid dpar Ia '1fig ilredk dtwetty,npf *lg! w dwb\

tlttst4unrndrle sehm0.0ot al,,,rlffil'

elear d}lante Velupeu trafisuwslflwu, mwtbt wfrel fuyn,)ile aw dnlmcebetwaa fuynls,*k,fftuj or pye2r yfiii, wnta, Wi*-t1p wddtd sedilry,+fu, aar dtulanu vdwmrgwys,nna

= fu WNaO bold sectron{,fro ddme btiwu fi*aevlirt6, Wvyl' hv@, $r,oWlt depl\, rnn

Usr Nole, for all 16l.A lA W,9,1'A ad W sUqW e,reapl Mtt.urM.q,lA4tsr41.b, 1.a12r4L0, t'A4Lx40.0, t'Alt*p, r(qo*O, ndM40r4.9, ffin fg e eq| l'llla, Cs= 1.0.

wt:.t TrangveW S$ffe,tWTvnwwE e*isevors arcvtl '*4yittd wyvLe Lltur.+b J e/fl,arvJrw

w7.7

'n


35/71

4.

3,

end partde all nwban w}h tansrtva eit{.e,{ew.,tnunbow wVeA a/1, anntdr, o.D w 2t0of CL/ty;21,/(Ak+ A*) ) t,51 o,h/bp w lr/brt >A"o

ufir*e"Af, ' a*a fi rDu\t{tda1 flany", mn'4fr " aKa 4ltlrriovr]lmge,nm'hp = ruid+ft oP cntprtutonflarge,wnbg+ ' nt'dlh oP *aqs\on{^W,*m

W.0., }ransw,4" siifrN,r1Trawvers. *qeilsq s&.*tD )otitwr $rA orfiu,sWl nee.* +hcr

of &ztior, vD1,L.L avdlhetonwiE liuilalims,

L (b/1)" S o.sa tE--I fnnL or, *fr rup*. o- a)+ - lor:f > D

rhw.,b1A4' *c urW-*firctnaE ralio o[ \$e s*;$awfy+ ' ryttf"d vnirrirnun lju)d trwes q M Ww r&iC, " ue\fdwfr dE,?A in ,Secfior w],2.1D = lalw ffiwtin girs= lt.6 fu argb agb stfieywE" ,4ty Aryb M dWte.oU, " reasired Aur ,*ra$h a+ 1+y.Wr/irw ol lhe N{nwrV" = auahlle hwail,$,uglh; 6ntl*tt*O or y,/A, W$ll ln as defiriedh .kdiat W.12, N

$ryv. hybs

6

Tx lhtse cases, lhs nwinal $ur W*y5, Vn, Aal W ddwircd aodtrg{olhc pvotrieions {- 6uliw 501,2,vDt.t.z Norrninal shear,tJren0lh d'lh lyr


36/71

'GV"wp^Euuun

sEcTroN eoa


37/71

DEJI6N dr $VMDEgg Wp. drrt42tt{yo ruKES Ar.lD TDes{oNlthls serfiar addrev,es vnemhr, qqu* tr a&nlfirce md {lexure abu* ue or W are;,

ruffi or wrlhart 'lorsiom, and lo wevAbug +uU!1ul )o toraat mlg.Aw \ole' Tw conpoile wtewlgqg, sea Seohon ,5M,w,l fuuby avd Sinasly ,SgwndrL |'/wwWr+ Wr* i krue ayd \rbl fir{re.

,v.1.1 DouV$ aud Sirylg Sgrmrretric LAewLpni,a Fuue avd, ConprtecialIte\nlwadton * laxuye ad cwgesiwirdoudgslvwnefvic wuwsaM evgly *4wvw.hv twtalrc Pr ah rch 0. 1 < G!. / Tu\ * 0.4, llal arecorqaiwd$ Wd clata gwndrt, axit (x ad/or g\4,oll W.liarled \Ftltffion| W,1'1a ad W,t -1b, whe,rc I!, B W fioila* S inerlin aWtlhe y-mz ,krtedfi 4\e nutgessiow lWpe, nvna.

rltgr Nolu, Sectiovr nM.LF,pwnlfied hW. qEd\rt fru $ llv. ynvniw ol"lhveechwr.

t. Yor L, O.zP.*'ff)="

l, " auallabk otlal uuptru\re drctqtA,tJlrl,. Nqy\Nl flexural si,oglh, N+lnrIt4r, . avcirbbb, tlexural tr,etglh, N-rnrt

1.fu'L_ + !- la*P" q \kt^

!r. o.thr Wrffi)s1o

(w.t+i

ahwe-,P,

x , subar\yl rdaltrg Ewlbol losl,ovrg/rF,leMtfigg , subsorip) rdanrg syrrbol.lu veak a* WtdWfur de$n aurdirtg fa Ssdion w2.1., (UrO)

P, . reqrired mal runp,e*\re ,lrr@h uillE rffild mh)riIlwtcP, ' k4narrd qW


38/71

uherg'

Yw de\n atwditgto &c*iovr W23.3 MAP, " ruqrircl+e,nrile .drcgth using rIFf ld ranbinafons, 14l"' 0efn-,&ryjnyxtoite sWngll,, deWfuedin a(wdawz rfh Jec{rbvrBl.e, ilMr " *girul-f{qordl $leflg$ us\rg WD id anhwt un


39/71

cyNnt in .lecfiorr W,1, L+t puwiiledlo ,tv,4*to povieias d +{rrB Sechbrt tov ry fuWivr lietr of *o yrutsiow S Setf.ovt vw'1,

@wpweiq'rt, or Sstton 1N.z lor *ugon,Mhla*,ta"' xquiredJlexural slwss all\esptuhc lrallDr i^\heows seusing ACD lw


40/71

m.4., Shur Ilre dr\ryr oonprtes\e


41/71

bwetorsShuv asnneob,s 51tall w Veaded skd stude nol teEs -rttan lur sfud

diano\wt il tvr6+t or$u i,ts1611656a, w hdr-yd4d &ed cluvtne)s, s?ar dadd$qn valuI;e st/alt be la0u as per St


42/71

wi.2).tc leMte 6iergltr't* kiy )w,;le eiu$h, drp, , ad aaWe. )u\tu srwrlth, p, /Ot,firencased anpiP cdunyv Ehdt b. doluw\ed fir+he ti,,nlt sW.d pddingg

Pn = Arfu + Aor* om.to)(1, o.ao(t4ro) I).+= l.W (A*>

M.r.t.v. Lwl Tran{uUr& rypl;dfiaiwfrylwded enancd nnpd| atvmv Jta| W, vayW

bduxer,+lw.sld ard cwtdeyr actotdana rr,{h {ie $lloulh4 wqw,errcnl,tt. Wn )lw aWal luu I apfled doq t .[p d{e/ sc$wt, *vnr urtfierlal,*At W Waifud n frqdfr )*r. rwyircd dvar $y72 , V' , es !o$aos,

V'- v tM.24

" Nc]ivtd ehenr fur'\yfidqted tu cduwrn, N' aea 4 s*q) ovtts seofun,wrt" n winal Nal wnp.tss\le lfe$ w+lta* wstdu^,h* il Wol{aqs,$2. {0he'1Jfie e*xnalfuce l, q$id dtrgr/rly+D++te iNu-tdeetruqnert, s

ui,rte&tt fu,llW, Wofdrd ltlatfir l+vreqtird AAearfo,rq', V',u fl/'* v (+rolr"1 tW.2,-

U.hen had e, appFed tv tha wct


43/71

naiuurr atuer*or t\dy slprtl. W lc6rnn.connultrs h fiail*,r a'rW ld fu\ be, fuaud on al leasl l*o taue

fi +fe eld dwpein " cw$gunliovr sgwme*nal dluk thc ,kp) aage a*,tN+ha awpw\k c,fisc dnt vhnL up fu ilo u ttton..uu*di drceldW, ltru slapa fiwtl b\fisrunnedeA art$ taayl,te W,btw fu+$orsillnW Mfunqt?, h Wn+ bw*tinq fiindividto{ stryt duefD bad6apylid ynorh lwrde,ninq 4lie wv,rile.

y.t,t.ts WYt * t+'d euw CmwtwlW, twtml ,s$uW Q me,stdhw Nprlv efiMeltr qtdeol{tdv 9t8n" oo/,o,[5s A*n lW.zqt)

Nrifte.l*- a,w-etlilVlaw fi Sd *tmr cwwclw,mnoh " *{efrd mirriwrurnr Wrvrle s\englh *" M &ear r,oane


44/71

kq b10, th,qlW lt"nQ.zle l,oad Transftv

lnad,s qyylret tu fl1td @,1W,+L tiluwts "hah Wfilur&rred adweal*e,s*ed ard @\(,dt-. ulnr/n r,+v" e*cmal lucciE q|lrd e,r+hwlolhe"bet'ufuortu{tc wu:r$v\nl;n,fanfu 4 {o*" }qrr$e *cd ce$wn fifu- h,L}olew* t rc4u\ed lwn diw* laldinlwod,on, sWr wtedin ttr dne*furfug.f\e ffa-t'awftl,^ wuWTw ywidntg 4la lauyY nomlnfi *re,W wg W wA"lWe Nuln$$q, w-oWzns sW rrolW sryonwpoed

tttfu,t\ l,ad B opyt;ed n **, wtn*c fi an erwAorfiXei l,*pdkooluun @ d\w* bairrg lhe dangn baainq,sinng/fi, fidh,ail ++v altaw*ebunngofrrg]h, Po/h, o[ +lf cnrrore,te &att Lre.

P' ' l'1/.', A'Qs" o,ta(rys2) Q+= 2""1(Aq)

whrn,AB= *BlwdeA orra,wnl

taq.z-t+)

6ut.2,4 Wi,lirg Rt4yiretrwr*sNyPtLWrcd, shear alnw)ile lranspmnq tw rqulwA Ehearlow*afi

De. d\fifufr?t almq llv W * the ol'lea* a cla+nnoe ol t.o luwlrw wdrhfi a*darryh,r hss * is hne.s f^e dane*w $ a wnd fiSsrllth abvLardbetlu lh tmd*wqaryW.fu,taiwua cilrpl*o( Eadag*vn W'kEnrn,

Fwral lvlenbe,rs,M.bl Wal

lne,4klirt utUlh { W bp^t\+ tWo+|tr- eun og+he effiAu?+tr lrr enobt s\dc ol +lw. btan cw/rzrliu, ettd^ q ohr& sl,hil fldra. uc-ufiitn ol lttvWan spn,ceVtlw-lD-Ut*w ol styporls.,t. me-lwll 4fie d?*awe tr *p arwinc 0l ++t(. dyr*t Veafi-, 0,. *Yv d,sIanu. to +he etge q $L shb.

vW,r.1o Shar Jf,engthlht amtlade dnur .sfie,rglh ol anpxtlefuans wYlh sl:ur uflrpd

VedelwninelWsed upt$re.grprhos fl fivsM secfw afuw\n wr,r:th Saliun uD}, the qailaVedpar d*ngl]n al ww*e-ucasd "rd@f1rlu;M trwtb$ sbvfi w, detpnrined bsi upw +he. yry,rh:u f,steel sezJion a$t.in au.orhncoiurlh .Qcllon ut\ or Wed,ryalheq {rp, (dYead tuginaiml std ,etrfooemert,ilser No+e, the duur.t-rulh * *ww;fiwd (mrdre. na!b4 ddenawtdana oilh Ao eP, ckav+o( 11,

ffi,!.k .h,V+h Driq Mtrvrtchuv*w lenpuny.4rwos arend v*d dwirvi conefqselr,$z sltd

alw tullWve aAeqnV slxgt't^h atpp| atl luils ayptied @bcor.o,ele aViningWWd o( its sryc,freA stU+h !'..lhea,nMMfieurat.t*g+h ol +hc ske.l epfi{oa slal W, de)


45/71

m.7,1h

4. Fo( h/+n s e.t|tffr,kl, dn/d be ddiwniud $at lhr- @c s*ees dlclnbylfu on \fo,awpwrk, xotovt lu +lp timlf ,+al" ,t ytddtry (fudtu uwurb.tlsar [h'b, A{t c,rrrerr{ AoM Ab W, s, atd ++? M?a d*g*b

limil $wn in &c{rbn tu.1.!'a(a\ t* U< g+vl'/r?a,L. fa, hlt" > 3.101W,

l,t, full W. d?rgxnifled f*vn )b suporywfu d dft+n s+rssa,cllnadoing fu rW 4 chotiq4, Io, {he lirnif e1rL ol giili,g tEAarnarrak).

Ne$twflwral {t*rglhtnedrAgn \@ue flerural $org,+,, dpMr, attd +*wall,uvhb. negfnr

ftuuml 6\ru0h. Mo/90, Ml W de*ovfinei ftr 'llre sk ) ednn tu,in rwortunce rrtith-[rc w4uireworit 4 &dim W.Allernat)U, 4W ataih\e rlEntb\e luural sha^gl+' dallte ddwi'M

lvtlr Jhe fuefu slrus dafiihrfq\ ort l+w cnryi{esadtdt,tr +}te limrfLfrP. fr ryeAiW qwfu,monenh), roilh0u - o.qo Uaru) fh' t.b+ UeD)

pv\jel 4tgY'4. f'&.*vd Wan v rl,lrr@ ard e ade4tddgMd *ordirqh

SeAron W.L. Svwar tnwc*m curvr* the dabh +he ful bwuit thenegmve.

{nwvtr e6iu.5. ltp-dtu rdr$nnna* pralhl )o ++v- e+db4ar,,tilhinaheE*zdtt

,M3.1L Jtrendh 4 Cnntrrlrl beans afltn tTrflpd sled Wrl-4 U.nwaltne availa\a $eruralct,ergth 4 mWfu cudvuohn caenNv*ele MW onfimed s+ed de& atmec*edlD skd Wawsl,a

delewined@+W agplirawpfws 4 Eer*.ilt W.3.2a wd wroilrh .lie fl a,olng rcquivervV,tts,0. thil erfiavr b appliub?, to de*s -ui+!r nomral rib Utigf nolrVanfinrnr.lh, Nqe urilth 4 mnr,t*, rib or Wrd, AWndlws llwr SDnm,h/i+ e\allnd be *aun\n cawiltahn

mwotlwn the wimi,rnuw dwr villh nt6r l\elop 4 +he dedb. lte- cm*de kb dMll W, uded+D l+,e sld bean nilh ws\b *iar coveA* l\nn w bs'tn dian&,r tAWs>t.D*ullW. v'pWd u$er +hrmil lhe de& w diru*\10+he,-

$arli,il .S{d 4tar cuwptwE, aq.lw insh|,drut, &ril ekvd nIlan * nn mve thelap fi lde ,!rer) de* ad 4herc Mt Wtwnsl hnn { arcm cow abtefr") { +heivgXs4c" lttle evblhnheg, dwveW s*ed fu& *aUW rdleEe llwnd }kd d?tu AMll bd mdtowd 1o dl su1qrhrY4 wenW al a

eWry nol *o exBed 4tnwm. sudn adwaye eWl W,Wfsllld corfiulDtg. a rp,lnrirufion 4 shd anedos d *Quddd ud&,ov oW fuius rylfied ry rhL du:Ew,

fu* ViW \furt+?A Vwpdafurt st?el tun tuwple, tul,u I\eol +ht *eA dak 6lall W. netlet*ed in ddwninitul cnnpos\lepwgfirw avd \n ubufirrg i.lo, dd( ti\ onwrted W@wto +ho sled burrv,

,. Dukkv, \riWo.d hilnd tD kd ban Caillrck- Won l+w top $ +he V'' 7,Q^ 6W.1-1


46/71

s+da(iL Yrat) W\Mudqtin delwtritfrg wnpoAtz xcfan ?DWAiaAvtd 4tafrr6s \Aotrdd, in ulatarh$ h.

4. fwned shd dq* itu w tupplfry Wans vnry lu, synl tryfiuam\aM so,prald tu trm a ryv,r$e tvundl.Vlnw +vte, wrriral d(N * dd dedL b 'tu wn or grwla,l+w a'wry

uidlh, xg , oF lW upry+a fuunh w ib *all be nol lees *ttanWnnlar-lhe frrel shd\n lhetnmswse. nn flus t* sird oilawetwstor ach M-itrovral sJud.

wt.t.u &pqr (onfit.dtt\4. tdTransV fir ?wlhw tAarnert

the edfr&, lniartral,ehur d {ae lrkrlace be}wew lhe slepl baUad fifu, wode s^b {Mfr W assund fi W,fianefud \ sharwyuM, NtVl fu Wr*" etoseA buns a d$neA iyr SaJrarr0n.7}.fu cwpaik. actrbn Loi+h awde a$wtb fla^ral cy(tptffix,+lwlDtil horizonbl dw,rfovu,l',bd,,le?a.1/r., ?dN N ruiynuvtprfiw 'fivt1zytl aMl W W,{* q ?aD fiwet dntt vetaNu as*eloms+ valua ac@d,iry to the lilnt sds q wude rnlAivE,ladlegidding ul +ht t+oJ uchln, 0r 4,xW { *ttw shmr alnner*ors:a Cu$de cruhng

V,= 0,05f,A"b. Tuvale gied;U * $e tred sec,hon

V'' fyt," JkW ol hear wnedtrs

LaU.?-h\

drw-,fic = dtad anurk sba rilihin efrechw ilr7l/rt,mm'A, " area Q sled owss sa.(oA, WL>,Q," iltr d norninel 4"@ 4 fua, cowdw Wwaa

Frr+r{ umyrpun prihw orolrad ard *e gi* drrtra*ent, tJltdTransp Sr &gtite Moaerttr rlltirtlw arnyxilz bqnE AW lovg;hdiml rcttrlwarys*ed bq{n,hhcin.iral horifual A*rfunAdw^ +he poivrfof t,Aetfrtw ruorrant ad]tre p'n+ 4 ua WsnAl 4,^$ W,lal-a aslwr ualue au,adiytp llc lir+rif "h+d 0+ iluWyu+++r!.,t1*) ^intfro shb, ov st>e$h ol al,e Aw annorlws""a. Tuile fida\g { lhte shb rc\nfwenert

l/'- A,ttr, tw.a-ra

t.

V'' 2A, 1qp.c

uharc,lr = aw 4 dWtttq eudwdtlqi\did re)fudruarrithirr ,{B rlffie$\,; .rd+l."rp l\e'cow&e *b, fiff

Fs, " +W.!M n\ninum g\dd st w ol $e rffirctu7 tb- Sh*gllt,f Jtrtar furpc*xt

,. Sfpil4th o{ ,}tud SYtw Covnechrrit yrowrinal strefl4lh * me d,'d ehar firnefu enbeaddElirtd @YM. orlrt 6 ^y*h ehbv

(.rq.?-lb)

Q^. o.al*^EE. < hprk n @tfrl-z\


47/71

ruhat.ho' otw-ee.dro,lwl o*afi Ail fuur tmneclor, nrrfEc, =.woirul!,l( D+ daslio[ d uttt,r*

(o.ourr':J+..tAP^)fu ' epe.d$elnr,lrrirrr,,rm *qrv\le *rt$ fi a stud ehear catirrdw,trWPg' ql.o: tol,W w s\d MdpA in ; d"A dQ{)L db w*$ +$e dd*- wiw*eApurpord"tafur lD +he ld rMW; b)!w rynunb,r* sttdg we,ldet'in a rao di'iee\h 4+e, deAdVW;ti{wa{w nvnkl^ * ** wdad in a (tui {r'rl'r,tlt *d de*,ili *. dW-oisvted paralldiD )rhe.dw)lwnd+he

rahb o[ llw aruage vib dU'fh lo nb ds?++\ zl'v- lb;fa)t.t'rro eruaswM lna s*c,l dedLtib v#ta+hede*oriqrlad ryg,rd"tudar tD llp dd eVwp; tv)fu ry hdutddllltrrowfi 6+d de* uJili +he deck-oided pddnW M efie ad 'll\e ndro d )h, awrrye nU rtMilr taib @h< +e= 0,? ttr *lrE, or wow tt&t r&deA ir a Aw,l dehnb a\lh++w defu o'radaA Wie) h il^o *d MW

Bp = i.}ftr s+@rueMed diwdu lo llte dred W hYl oltw.t xn*,' nol +fuoml, s*wl dt* ot eha*\ andvb'ifrqaWwrrh d*ilnri+h vrol ri'o*e llwn 0D y.'rrt* ol ++1p, W d*V" *od Wded*ot ^x) +"d dnsutw. 0.75;la\fr s\il+ wlapd;n a wnp


48/71

Ittre noninal "iung+h 4 ,,'e daanne) shur alnnc.dor ewhiled'irr a gdtd ooyot* sbb VQn= 0"1(tr+ o.s1,1Lrl$ tw.o-4)

t*p,a',te .':th,rge *W{W d dannd dttar unw,t}u, nmt* ' Wfu lhtkws q daand ehwr mfied\t, tyu$'L ' llevl+ ol dtanwl hrur oaner'lw, wn

, fu s1rsndh 4 +lw clvmel tuur cwnedor slafrW. e*brydqrnhtu!hfu. dannd 1o tlu WantlaryP, a Nu Wl +o Q,,, W*fun$ uwi -n>Iy orr *lw mnalw,YWn Numbqr fi dnur haneciorsfu numhrr 4 syw, m,redorg N4]iNl Wuepnlha ,sodr),u 4 rntnrntuttiditg ynowurl, poiire N wegfiue,wd+W Q)*rxfi*drm rf uawwlrailWeryalbfhc ho/i?dtlal Aarpra as de*aniined\n WWEm.,'2d0) ard W,t,gAtz) l/tr,fret a1+lwnomirtal dreglfi S ne4wt@nwdw aE detum\rwd f.rn &.d,'olt V04.9.%(z\ pv &.dvr q\.l.?dt[.thear Cavwwe*w frNaflw/- ard sryng

Slrear annecfuE (erylirrA w urA nda, q +l*pt a{ vnmnumWuyInoruart, @nve or wgfiiw, sla\W, dulnfute* unrfwmly Oefuw lMfir* avd +he o$otN ?^rh fr wto fiafidlf, unles, Nrerutrce [email protected], #ne ,ttunw,, o[ shear anneAug pbud wwn an4carc,fiawMl a$lhe $M pdnt fi w,a nonent slmll W. stffiail+ndUopWvffiwvwt unonwtt wqirtd a+ tho (Dtysfualed td ?otnt.

fiear ayrpolw?, shalltvw al la* zOmm 4 laWal co*u


49/71

W\frErwhon bolwesn olal hweq md flewetu nnpal(,wttw dlyr/lwnuv*fu e+olo;,li\ as teqiivtd W 6.r*a, W,1ilt.' dee\qn uwprwd*fuW,0, Pn , a,td allounb?. anyvus\ve *'eflN , 3, /S?n , aril $te detigh fle.luralt+*t$h, Ao Mt, avd allort, Me fluural,$wg\\, ll, kb, a," d*wir rcd or fl w

A.- o.tg \pro) a,'r.w(AD\fu" o.no(wro) ne= 4.@(Aso)

4. lfie wn\nal sh,t/C ol *he cngs sechll ol a mwpdE. vnanbp,,r su!\uhdtt wTnb\rcd a*lal rorwpwsiar ayd f{exume *lMll W dolorwined wlrgaltrot $w. Vlaslrc ,hess dz+{\Vul;fot fyle*hM or l*w sMnrNpfd\+!ndhd.

s. Io aumrP'fu, l+wlrf,tuewc ol ktlfu a|*!h on +lp.aital dyefu 4 lfuvwnvsr, lhenou\nal uinl cletE+h d )he, wenW A40il Wdeteminedbg sahm an.z,,ti+\ ?, la!ilt aslhe norriirvtl an?l dyufdn 4WCt'M>t getfroA dMrwinpd in to.*on flCL.:IU\ aW,

w.s Sydal UsuWrln nmposile avslrw*iot det no* catwnk )\e reUyi*xasyls ol Sod.,wr

Wa.t \hntgh Euhon 5b4.4,fu rhu,,gti' a{ ehear a:vrnetho ad d&frV $tlilsfuuc*pn sYwll W. tAabttshd W +rXV.


50/71


51/71


52/71


53/71


54/71

he lht}4,ee< ol plug or sl,ot wolds \n rndon'al uyn or les


55/71

il{421, thz \hi*ness 0t $b vdd *hil te. * W W-WW *\e 4hi*weu fl'W*ol*irt Wal vd lx


56/71

t.

vnfuun 'stw


57/71


58/71

frt rur,lnvta pnvile sfiuglvt 'daafi\nd,uda ntg lensilrt rtsultinq t'on pytngac):ort pvduud bg defovwrahat oq l+w nanu*d pr*.

{tt6h-shag+{ bolts )r sl}p-or.i}'al aNwrh;oru a*. pwrfred, +DVLdtr f'!,ltrlrfslp o;thg, as a ent@niilfry liyrrfisla$c or at l\< re4ufud ,


59/71

o1o.?t Contbltet l{ds)n and Slpar in burfu-Tgpq cailleLliaBlllealrihblelusile$wW S- ab* w$emn lo cwnnnea+wgu qtd*w.*wtlbo,4e*wnined auaddrgtothe linrlf Ms 4lwsu qdshurrufiu* ae ftl'loos'

1i6f sfale , lltp ranwAon wtusl aVo be checked fv ,*Ur Jheyr,glh \r,afrh Sethortsao.s,b ud q0.?3 avt barmgfunNh arurdartcz uJuhons rlo.3,1 and fu.s,10.

Jh:f -onh?f a>nyrzchlyrs ebffi W desiqredas frl{a^rr, unlas o+hw)Ee dbg$o ugtnar-ol"w.cod, hvrnwhow allh gnydard holes ot ,4,ote lralo *0. diWrh)rl 0f +he lad ,*nil tu du\nct fxslf a< a swuceotnl.fiale, (nrechottE utiilla we,rawA Mea or sloh pnltet hlte dtuidi;u o{ Ishqll W. designadlt puen stpot 4l,r.. rtqvirt


60/71

valuu b4 oyry*d W fu ry* -4- nd "hn - trtde frrhv Rlern\nel as $ll0,l1.,

fi " fusbw*ewim gylt xn1; ' kflehn dpn &nbd cmbrMions,N

,1Lr4D beavY &t/'gtlt al h* *lolecifu. auoila\p.benrirg ilnffr,W, aA t4,/A, atbll haleE slalt

deluminel $, $e linrit "shk ( burinE as ltlflux,Q' O.tr (ryro\ l1'xoo(AsD>

4. frr a]rr.ll\r aonne.dlon il\lh.*rndard,ttwirwi,ntd lwrt-AofitdirilqwAwrt ff I\e dvdrw $ ltxd'ng, ov a l,oaq-slolPd hole roslal parallfllo t\a dwliu o{ the builtgfuu,a. whal. tutOvmatr)vr at *he boll hok al awtnu lud p, a d

onidorahon

k,4,1Lff0 S l.+dfi4 (tu.1

bt) nr tes,4o,r6 tiw holeab)fu a$ned ad dlrr,+-slaldhdetk\fir lon1-clofrrd WaU

hn'whs"" 0.%hc.' o,7o

Ns. 'ilrnlw ol slip pW?,sTb' nlnlnun lwlaw tarsim gYn \wWlt m.o.l. dtLBr l.b,le, ltw,vv aw syedal cases ilyir'*., vl\lh owrgte hola qnd sW pnttel

io $old,l{r-vnwplrr,et* WtV,q drpto alruedtut AlYcow4 qwa sfuw)ural{r,trne" Wc*anu and ,ro{e,tu1Ydo$ @Wild{ur rrvrvre r,{r}rrr ilhem u lip v yreutted unhl 11w, wyui fld strqtitl^ ld P,leruheA.

fu*tgnlr/is quvuselfrr rWn* aaiE naltM ard ail uweofils rruslW. dterkd frt *u$h as Wrirq-tyr cqtwrAorp,.ul,rs cmk,Nn r{flsiil1 and shparh sip,cri:fcat hn/,eclans

tt}tan a slp-aihcoil connerhon t su$emd h an a@ied funimlho*reduu ]\w 'ltei- obmplw1ftrw,l4,w awV,Mo sltp resfunu Wrboh for'/tSedliln mo,s'b,sWl\W, nulllipl\ti bg++wfoclar, b, as Sllours,

b= 1* h, uwFD\ @0.*w)

D. whu da'farmofion al *he bolt hole q7 ,srviceld i\ ttol amiderahon

frn' ,tsLrtH < l-Dd(Fu MoTorabnll'n a cwrwchon util-irrlortg-slo$g/ hdu nrr{.ln *he spurpvdrular Ja .l-fie d*edtOvt 4 fwa.

Bn= l,oLtFi 2Dd(n Ho.hr av nadr'yr wde u slrg lrr;fie llnl ptss uvnplddg lhryh a,tthlt wlWr r[ tlss, see CerJiau n0.7 M l4lnhovr-v10.iOhae,

c.

d

\*tdo'.

ks.1- ffi us>> (sto.z-Eu)

d' nortnal rrltl d"tanetw,mrtF, = spefiie-d vn\ritnuvrr W1iles\rtttE$a o* W avnecld mM,Mh

P,'fsAs bD.44


61/71

tc : dew d\hna,\n {he drrediar of ih. frcc, \efueenfu 4,$ lnohdt wd *e W 4 *, $yrrd hole or W 4 $,r .WoV arne*ra wawat,rnw

Ytr mw.rh\ts,1h. Vtnrisg {ysBfunq, AlaU W. laVsa as 1fu. *rn $ $eVeauirg ws\lanw o\ 4\e\ndivdrtal Wk.

War\rysi,eryt^ A,a$ W. dvdud fi, Wh burrng-1,1* anddtp-cnh"tal oinedrail.l\eux. $ wvnd vd,lc and io,+Ynd Wg".l,orr.iholet pralld t the lihe, ol frnrl. rl rswd *r En1.-ufiicdl rune4ionsw SukM n03.1.

,,tootl tpcehlla#uwglttw nuryt\nat +sry ol syuinl figaw dher lwn lhcbdtrh trproltkA

\ATat (,s10.r.2 shafr l;e vuYd ?Jilsb6t..? il. Taer)n Tasletv,warhudlll vr olherfo*eW,,,in.{arsrur^ arv atachedlo an uWedW

or Hss wfi,lhe srnrCI+ln 0l ++p. ukll full be ddwvntnql h! rahlfial Musl,${otd f*,nwte ol t'lenWo nd hnywchg4ewwwb

ThE sehdl appte< lt devru,rttt fl ,rnuWe 0lr wlvr,ffuts ard to,uakvg sbnart,guch aq flrto, quxott, aWlB, ard Wacl.*s,510.t+.1 ,li{ngj{,r o( Euew\ irr lDrdon

ltw deE drew, 0ilr, and lhe allamAe Wh, P,/9,0f afukland unrechrg denw*q l,aded\vr *uslu gallbel4e lorne( value oblalndaadtn6tu-{re ttnlf e}ava ol fuAV gw,b,ltng andtw\lerq\e,^. fur Wtetle gie4inq al riuna,+tvt! deqen*s,

ttlhwt',,A"' e\{echte tte* arcn ae d$ndira &cha,r 5a+31,nn';ftrb4w Wk',

A"= A, a o.o5 Asq10.4:z $*rgftn $ Eanwtb 'in &edrttw awihM, &1w glrld to,drl,4 af(wkd ad unehtg elenatlt il d

Wltwlow,, valueobhtntd au*rduEtoile hv,t Eab { Aw gu)drrgad she,1. Tw Aar iMry S *e denwtl,

0 - o.qo 1eFD> 9= +at ( Aso)fu laaEle rutilrt ol wuethnE denetE=

h, Y,A,d- o.+s(wrD I)=2,@ (W>

{,= O'Wrtq0= 4.oo (wFD n= 4,sD(Ae>

L- hr hwvwe 4 W oluw&,

tgv.+-2

Mo.4

{o= O,bf^A* (Yta

d'o.ra (wo\ tl=zn(aso)vtheN,,

W l(L/r >"b l+tB' parr4oru o[ Sedion VW WU.jnfirrc


62/71

!^" w*ar


63/71

140.+ baMg tlwg+h-1yt" desw baring chevE+h, fh, avd qhz ottovytfie Vearing,*rW, t,[2, {ilrfuott\n cutad shafr W deluninedfiv llte lnni+ sVlV, il-botvirg ilval angw.ote gddttg\ as ftlliow,

i " o.rv (wro) t).2,00(Aa)llaavtuinal bariltq dwnqth, 2,,v dfuea as fbllo*t,^ *h. firiils tjW.c *badng'

c. fnr uUilled urpus, girrs il r(nwel, d,rille4, or Vovt41 ndes, aM erils fi fipTburirg sh$euter


64/71

0" t.m Lwro\ {l= l.so(Aso)tltenwital *reu,glh, h, *all Ve dabrrnined asfifratx

Il lhe anprse\onllaryvl resVcdned ryrr,t+ rowiata. lw Wt,)(Ub\< 1,,


65/71

t. tJtW W wtwnValtd W k Ve res\ed e agpliod at a drgtanq Fn +fufivnhor eM tlwl n gea+w )[mn )lte mN of $enubw d,&* (vk + N)tq,+* (ao.to-21

D'vw +he ane)4vtrd W h b" regled o apy)ied 6f 6 flrsyd(tq+Dm {henrnOs, etdthalv lgsslllr|,tt or eqnl $ the dep+h el *\o nenw a,

k- u.qr + &) E,{, (aolruz)dlrs&,.p , drtbnu t n oM f*e il t+pWawf hfi+v wytlc"ollhefiW,nn

'fir. eluhtd rtin\uun :idd frs o( )ttewb, M?s,fi - laft VUrnarh*lexlrlvn L4w tnlVuu rtcrf,or),wtmttut = tNb *hft*nesc,wrnoao.ryA Ae Silesung Uaclliry

:the Srlrlvr app\es onlg h amp*W stngle-ancerValed prus oqlrl'townbe$ wW reluh\e lcrVval wowmertl Whtqn $te Med anprcg nr,bfrg dnllw atfuwned as fifl0^lt:

Q= o.uk*o) {2,,t.1b (AA'thc uqrirut W 4 lletnb slan w, dekrwd ac fi/looc'

h=+l,ruuffi'l twtob ftir tul$(L/bl > 2,1,ttte limi| stale ol weh Srtresag bur.Wrnt a@9When lhe Nqtlrcd qrew of Ae W exceede +W avabvlt, s+rr,rg

iaWal braanq,*an Wp',rMd al lheW)on ilarye u" eAhw a pY1ww Wos(9 or a oluWe,r plaV lrvu @ Wtdd+ TI lhr. wmpvesston lbrge n nd rsfuilted aga* rvto*fun;

a. ru (h/t,)il/W) 1-l,1he liYnif sMe { 'neto ilesuny bucAMaYPtg.

tillwn +heqirud strenglla 4 +ilu deh ex@eds lh- anihbtval taWal Vrong slfrlt be frDfrded a+ Nk fiartga o* *aryr,lryplkafin 4 +he nnunltaVd lwqs

tqVrylaW t'10'1hb ayd q1o.ne,$a{onon"g @1h0," aflarryrtilti4,ntr6bL t tt7b lAh utherr Mn. l,l! U*fD or 4\l,yk < lAg ?*fie lrothon ( t+te fw

4'C." e.fl *4pF lh?a ,,*wt trl, > l$ lyD tr 4 5W> 14 C+sD)

i lwronon ol ttre, prceh. ' \deardTlance Whxu flanps less W frfrA w uvner radiuslorlvAea ,tlwgt; dt*mu Lrtfuea nqy&l+ W og hcterwg or 4+te

, 'fht avatW. Mryli^ 4 lhe ww pnd zorlelw the \tit sa{g\ofiinE stun W dekfuuteA ar ftttai.,


66/71

l,aem d,l+ana beluw +hn\a ohen wdds are used prbtit[,t4ylrlaryo, *^',,( , tlarEesl -lahrally unWned lerq+h atvg ertw +he flarg. a+ 4*eporrrl d lud,vnnt ' llange lhicl$ess,wwl{r, . beb"4hi&ttes,firn

rkpan Nok. tw delumina|on d adWE rcelraifil,rc4a- h hgpmx A-bqD.N,s ,W {unfiestn fu]:iq

:ha .gciDvr ayphesto " WV 4 tuvn@ss.'r* *vyk- tnwrrUafuT pw ot atrvrawpnl;;r? angelE \n a pV d dadoh-anplrtydkd+as,aryliod o* W^'flary ( a nernbor a* lhe cone lvahoa.rw, auailable sknd.t/rtrlhe liynit W d wbtwtWcAiry ddl bee*Ni'ned as.fofrouk"

o_ ss]ffi'' - ^- @10.10-0)

fr "ono twd {L,4,to+(*fr\Wvwtvalshdgl&, Kn, el:rz,ll De de)etnind a$flolx,I4. l*vn the e#oil 4 ynnd-zone dehM;m on fame dab\\v vilnddprud\n*he aralgx,a. fur P,s 0^+n

il"o.qo(r-ra1) 51=1.6{n


67/71

Wrdw p(drs qyired fu +qtetle $,eW tult w des$nedin aattuvtreot]fi +he rqv\L$iefi+s N Sedtu1 5W.


68/71

, fuMw plM, reqyiwf, ftrshar,sl,tW kee Sahm Aotl,b) stnil Wt,aellnedln auordanu wM .[re prouisWu $ See,hWUn.Ta Mdflion, doqbw plal* shall mply wi+h the$frou'ng orrlpia,', fne++tMtc{ ard e*syt o( W dwbw plak lrall Wwidt, W addilnwlualarial ftea%ryh e4laal w ewsd fla W teqyirewrk.

i12. W hr\u plak slalt W w?)ddtvdauop+$o ?ryuM fi +he1v*al'fuq*arcmilkd to )he aouhor plate.


69/71

I,,w,t$o.dstflUh 91 W Vraa urtned:a ,ltqd nal ewod eMtetr 0t 'lfie$ll0,.itrJ'4. tte wraxiluurrr fuq,+W qn be dwl@ VEalu.lslu


70/71

L' t ld Wd fusrd W uirrg *lw' frnlfid satttic lwdvtlt &.hF Mrc Sor3nriz 'fnWW $slowe6n.b.1 fu,i,rg \lwt@

^^{OYvnenWdmllnee} W requVnewls ol Serhor uu'z'zanddal\

KLlr=4En6ns.2 'Yfgr- Wadrtg

Y-tgpvraua funws aru nol prn\lltd.

w16.t '{ nf* ad TuwtrA-lU-\r* b.n }ry^ffi:i, VtP atdttw/r


71/71

tltPt.r-.D = a,rlsde dhwrdw ol rwnd il55 wnryrbr,wwr

llanga ol to phshc h4\ryin lteruw6*i5tl toupwsian hall W ,anryc* roith tlid.tl,r-.1{aid,A*E ryha kssl+lctn or eqyallo t. frr t)wlar yrollm se

Documents

Specification Steel