Special Topics in BiologySpecial Topics in Biology

M. Nichole M. Nichole RylanderRylander

Cell and Tissue StructureCell and Tissue Structure

Mitochondria

MultiMulti--cellular Organisms Organization: cellular Organisms Organization: Cellular Level:Cellular Level: The smallest unit of life capable of The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all the functions of living things. carrying out all the functions of living things. Tissue Level:Tissue Level: A group of cells that performs a specific A group of cells that performs a specific function in an organism form the TISSUE. function in an organism form the TISSUE. Organ Level:Organ Level: Several different types of tissue that Several different types of tissue that function together for a specific purpose form an function together for a specific purpose form an ORGANORGAN

Transcription and Translation Transcription and Translation

The central dogmaThe central dogma

DNADNA RNARNA proteinprotein

TranscriptionTranscription TranslationTranslation

The expression of genetic information stored in The expression of genetic information stored in DNA involves, first DNA involves, first transcriptiontranscription into RNA and into RNA and then then translationtranslation into the functional protein into the functional protein molecules, in which the molecules, in which the amino acidamino acid sequence is sequence is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the determined by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA.DNA.

Chromatin

TranscriptionTranscription

TranslationTranslation

TranslationTranslation