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Poetry Terms
speakerThe narrator of a poem (as with other pieces
of literature, the narrator can be first person, third person limited, third person omniscient, or second person)
toneThe mood of the work itself. Tone results
from combinations and variations of such things as meter, rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, diction, sentence structure, repetetion, imagery, etc.
Imagery:descriptive language used to create word pictures for the readersensory language: writing or speech that
appeals to one or more of the senses
literal language: the use of words in their ordinary or sense
figurative language: writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally. It is often used to create vivid impressions by setting up comparisons between dissimilar things.
Visual imagery appeals specifically to the sense of sight
Aural imagery appeals specifically to the sense of hearing
Tactile imagery appeals specifically to the sense of touch
Olfactory imagery appeals specifically to the sense of smell
Gustatory imagery appeals specifically to the sense of taste
oxymorona self-contradictory combination of words or
smaller verbal units
Ex. bittersweet; jumbo shrimp
apostrophea figure of speech in which someone (usually,
but not always, absent), some abstract quality, or a nonexistent person is directly addressed as though present.
Ex: “Age, thou art sham’d!” (William Shakespeare)
metonymyA figure of speech characterized by the
substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself
Ex: speaking of a king as “the crown”
synecdocheA figure of speech in which a part signifies
the whole or the whole signifies the part
Ex. calling clothes “threads” or a car “wheels”
onomatopoeiaThe use of words that by their sound suggest
their meaning
Ex. bang, snap, crackle
assonanceSimilar vowel sounds in stressed syllables
that end with different consonant sounds
Ex: lake and fatemad as a hatterfree and easy
consonanceWords in which the final consonants agree,
but the vowels that precede them differ
Ex. add – readbill – ballblood - food
Rhyme: the repetition of sounds at the ends of wordsEnd rhyme occurs at the ends of lines
Internal rhyme occurs within lines
Exact or perfect rhyme occurs when the the repeated sounds are exactly similar to each other
Slant rhyme (also called imperfect rhyme or near rhyme) refers to words that come close to rhyming, but don’t actually rhyme (see pg. 908)
Rhyme scheme: a regular pattern of rhyming words (lines) in a poem
stanzaa formal division of lines in a poem, considered
as a unit; Stanzas are often separated by spaces
coupleta pair of rhyming lines, usually of the same
length and meter
tercetA stanza comprised of three lines
quatrainA stanza comprised of four lines
octaveA stanza comprised of eight lines
repetitionthe use of any element of language—a sound,
a word, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence—more than once. This is typically done to achieve a particular effect.
AllusionA reference to a well-known person, place,
event, literary work, or work of art
Diction: word choice, including the vocabulary used, the appropriateness of the words, and the vividness of the language
Denotation: the dictionary defintion of a word, independent of other associations the word may have
Connotation: the set of ideas associated with a word in addition to its dictionary meaning
Poetry Unit Objectives
To review/learn poetry terms
To practice/learn to explicate a poem effectively
To read as much poetry as possible
To play and experiment with words, p0etic devices and a variety of forms in the writing of your own poetry in order to create a poetry anthology