"speak softly, and carry a big stick.“ Theodore Roosevelt

TR and his Big Stick In the Caribbean, 1904, by W.A. Rogers

1901 becomes President - What do we already know about him?

1904 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine “international police power”Caribbean = America’s lake

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”… Big Stick Diplomacy

• Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the western hemisphere, the adherence of the U.S. to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power.

• What is Roosevelt saying??

T.R. Intervenes in Panama, 1903, by Scar

Panama or Bust," The New York Times, 1903, artist unknown

CorbisThe Man Who Can Make Dirt Fly

New York WorldCoup d'Etat, 1903

• Panama (Spain to Colombia in 1821)• French tried to build a canal in

1880s– Sell rights to US for $40 million

• 1902 US wanted to try – Colombian resistance – "You could no more make an agreement with

them than you could nail currant jelly to a wall," Roosevelt

• Panamanian Revolution – 1903 independent (US warships)– Roosevelt, “Panama rebelled as one man”

• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903• 10 mile wide strip, $10 million, $250,000

annual, guaranteed Panamanian independence

• 1914 canal opens– 25,000 died in total - $375 million

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lufdPIRgxtY (223 ish)

• “I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the Canal does also.”

• How it works:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vi19z4LEi0

T.R. Intervenes in Panama, 1903, by Scar

Panama or Bust," The New York Times, 1903, artist unknown

Library of Congress"My, my, such possibilities"

CorbisThe Man Who Can Make Dirt Fly

New York WorldCoup d'Etat, 1903

• How is Teddy Roosevelt portrayed in your cartoons?

• What comment is each cartoonist making about Roosevelt's involvement in the Panama Canal project?

• What images of America and its role in global affairs are presented in these cartoons?

• What does the cartoon teach you about the Panama Canal?

• 1900 China becomes an “Open Door”

• In 1907, Roosevelt sent the “Great White Fleet” of 16 U.S. warships on the first world naval tour in history • demonstrate military strength.• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKr5KUIA6gQ

• Smart? • Arrogant? • Imperialist?• Visionary?

• Taft – Dollar Diplomacy• Wilson – Missionary Diplomacy

• Based on the names, what do you think each of these men’s foreign policy will entail?

• Dollar Diplomacy - “substituting dollars for bullets” • American development would create long lasting peace and

security• America would use the military and diplomacy to help promote U.S.

business interests overseasNon colonial imperial expansion… huh???• Why is long term stability in Latin America important to the USA?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d_J-fUG_b0

• Honduras • owed British lots of money• America paid off debts & American

business men remained in Honduras

• Nicaragua• Revolution 1909 America intervened &

helped rebels & put in new government• Revolution of 1911 America defended

existing government against rebels – • Took control of country’s finances

• Is dollar diplomacy negative or positive?

• Any unintended consequences?

• “It would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs."

• Wilson promised the people ambitious domestic reforms in 1912 election

• No more big stick & dollar diplomacy…

• Any thoughts on this????

• America’s job to spread democracy

• Missionary or Moral diplomacy• Support only democratic

countries • Teach other countries, “how to

elect good men”

• Any of this sound familiar?• Any irony in using force to

spread democracy?• Think it will work? Why/why not?

• 1877-1910 Diaz – maintains order & stability in Mexico, HOWEVER a dictator:• No freedom press, jailed opponents, foreign $

• 1910 election, uprisings & F. Madero President

• 1913 General Huerta overthrew, jailed then executed Madero• Americans in Mexico asked for help…. Why? • 4 Mexican armies rise up all fighting for control & US

arrives & supports Carranza

• 1914-1920 Carranza Rules• 1916 – Pancho Villa retaliates• US goes on a Villa man hunt

• How would you describe the actions above?

• Why does the US get involved? Unintended

consequences?

• Haiti• Dominican Republic• Nicaragua

• http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/caribbean/

• The West Indies drift toward us, the Republic of Mexico hardly longer has an independent life, and the city of Mexico is an American town. With the completion of the Panama Canal all Central America will become part of our system. We have expanded into Asia, we have attracted the fragments of the Spanish dominions, and reaching out into China we have checked the advance of Russia and Germany. . . . . We are penetrating into Europe, and Great Britain especially is gradually assuming the position of a dependency. . . . The United States will outweigh any single empire, if not all empires combined. The whole world will pay her tribute. Commerce will flow to her from both east and west, and the order which has existed from the dawn of time will be reversed.

• How would you describe America’s foreign policy during the first 20 years of the twentieth century?

• Has it changed much today, how so?

Questions Answer

How is Teddy Roosevelt portrayed in each of these cartoons? Which depiction is the most favorable? The most negative? Point to specific symbols and details in each image to support your answer.

What comment is each cartoonist making about Roosevelt's involvement in the Panama Canal project?

How is Panama portrayed in the Coup d'Etat cartoon? Does this cartoonist appear to support or oppose the "Roosevelt Doctrine"? Explain.

What images of America and its role in global affairs are presented in these cartoons? How do the images compare to the timeline of the Panama Canal?

Questions Answer

Summarize of the background/introduction

Based on your reading, how does Mexico feel about American involvement in their region?

Based on your answer to the question above – why does Mexico feel this way?

Notate the most significant and telling quote from your document