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FEATURE PRESENTATIONS:
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he Ontario Section of the Society of Plastics
Engineers is hosting the 11th Industry-University
Night on March 19, 2009. This is a vibrant meeting
with industry and university communities coming together.
This year the event will take place at the University of
Guelph, in Guelph, Ontario.
Dr. Amar Mohanty
Dr. Manju Misra
Tour of the Biocomposite Bioproducts Discovery
& Development Centre
Technical seminars from graduate students
Poster session of current research on plastics in
Ontario. Poster competition for graduate students
with cash award.
Dinner at the Delta Hotel in Guelph.
The SPE Ontario’s Industry-University Night is an event
that should not be overlooked. This is an evening in which
multi-faceted networking can be accomplished in a relaxed
setting that provides you with an opportunity to learn about
new and innovative research in various fields of the plastic
industry. Over the course of the evening, you’ll have ample
opportunity to meet with other professionals in the industry,
but more importantly, an opportunity to meet the new young
faces that will one day be part of our industry.
You don’t need to look any further than myself to see an
example of how successful these partnerships can be. Nine
years ago I attended my first University Night as a graduate
student, and met Alex Henderson from AT Plastics – a
meeting that provided me with the opportunity to be where I
am today, as I joined the company a few short months later.
And I’m sure I’m just one of many success stories that can be
traced back to these events.
On behalf of SPE Ontario, I encourage you to come out to our
next University Night, on March 19th at the University of
Guelph, Centre for Bioplastics and Biomaterials. You never
know who you’ll meet…it just might be your company’s next
shining star.
Don’t miss this event! Attendance is limited, so be sure to
pre-register to guarantee your spot.
AT Plastics
Industry-University Night
– you never know who you’ll meet
Chris Gilmor,
the Newsletter of the Ontario Section of SPE
www.4spe.org
March 2009
SPE Ontario Meeting – Thursday, March 19, 2009
SPE Ontario University NightThe Bioproducts Discovery & Development Centre Crop Science Building
University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario
Members $40.00. Non-members $50.00.
Students $20.00 (Cash, cheque or Visa).
Joe DeRose, VP Program, 416-410-2286.
Email: [email protected]
Cost:
For further information please contact:
University of Guelph
Campus map
Ontario Spectator2
March 2009
MARCH 2009 P ’ MRESIDENT S ESSAGE
Kistler Instrument Corp. helps launch our 2009 schedule
Given the economic climate, 2009 is shaping up
to offer many challenges. Companies are
constantly looking at different ways to become
more efficient, productive, and competitive. We,
the board members of the SPE Ontario section,
are always looking for interesting speakers and
topics to provide value to your organization,
where information gathered at the dinner
meetings can be of benefit. Please encourage your
employees to participate at these dinner
meetings where applicable.
Our first such meeting of 2009 featured a
presentation by Paul Lagonegro, application
manager with Kistler Instrument Corp. Kistler is
a privately-owned Swiss company which
develops and manufactures sensors and
electronics for measuring pressure, force, torque,
and acceleration. Kistler has a diverse product
line that meets the needs of different
applications. Their first product was a peizo
electric sensor for the internal combustion
engine, which has a wide range in operating
temperatures. Kistler now grows their own quartz
for sensors in truck
scales, measuring forces
on bridges, crash test and
modal analysis to name a
few. The Quartz crystal
would take 1 ½ months
to grow to a size of a
football. In injection
molding circles, Kistler is
well known for their cavity pressure, nozzle
pressure and tie bar extension sensors. Lastly, the
company has a patented single wire cable
approximately three metres long with is
customizable for each of maintenance and
service.
For further information, you can visit their
website at www.kistler.com or contact Paul
Lagonegro at (716) 691-5100, or our own board
member Bruce Lypps at (519) 473-2459.
Phil Lem,
President 2009
SPE Ontario Section
PHIL LEM
The current month's newsletter can be viewed and printed during the first week of the month by going to
www.4spe.org and selecting SPE Communities, and then Local Affiliations. Use the navigation tools to
direct you to Ontario.
Alternatively, you can do directly to http://www.4spe.org/communities/sections/28.php.
Please drop a line to [email protected] to indicate whether this option
for obtaining the monthly newsletter is of interest.
Monthly Newsletters Available Via Internet
Ontario Spectator3
March 2009
DATE
SPE Ontario Section
2009 Program
Jan 22 2009, 6 pm
February 19 2009, 6 pm
March 19 2009, 5 pm
May 14 2009 , 8 am to 5 pm
June 12, 2009, 8 am
Advances in Measurement Technology for Plastics Processing
Delta Toronto Airport West Hotel (Dixie Road and 401)
Innovative Technologies for Thermoplastic Elastomers
Delta Toronto Airport West Hotel (Dixie Road and 401)
University of Guelph Centre for Bioplastics and Biomaterials
Delta Toronto Airport West Hotel (Dixie Road and 401)
Rolling Hills golf course
Mark the above dates on your calendars.
http://www.4spe.org/communities/sections/s28.php
Registration forms are available on the SPE Ontario section web page at
Dinner meetings are held at the Delta Toronto Airport West 5444 Dixie Rd. Mississauga
Joe DeRose, 416-410-2286; [email protected]
6:00 - 7:00 PM • 7:00 PM • 7:45 PM
Members $40.00, Guests $50.00, Students $20.00 (Cash, Cheque or VISA)
Social Hour Dinner Presentation
For further information, please contact:
Kistler Instrument Corp
Kraton Polymers LLC
David Law
University Night
April 16 2009, 5 pm Plastiflex Plant, Orangeville, OntarioPlastiflex Plant Tour and Dinner
SPE Ontario Extrusion Minitec
SPE Golf Tournament
Dear members,
The Board of Directors for SPE Ontario is pleased to present its line-up of meetings through 2008. The
monthly meetings provide a great opportunity for members to expand their knowledge and their
networks. Additionally, the social hour and the dinner make for a highly enjoyable evening.
Here's what's coming up in the near future. Unless otherwise stated, all meetings are at the Delta
Toronto Airport West Hotel in Mississauga, Ontario.
COMPANY & SPEAKER TOPIC & LOCATION
EVOPRENE® THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS
FLEXIBLE PVC AND TPR COMPOUNDS
ARIFF WAKANI
PRESIDENT
ISO 9001 REGISTERED
UK • CANADA • US
TEL (905) 662 5735 xt 5007
FAX (905) 662 1683
AlphaGaryMarket Leadership in Specialty Compounds
The SPE is a non-profit plastics industry association, and therefore relies on member support for The
Spectator, the newsletter of the Ontario chapter.
The Spectator is mailed to over 800 plastics industry professionals, and viewed by over 10,000 people on the
SPE Website.
Through these mediums we are able to inform our membership of monthly meetings, industry news, our
annual Christmas dance, our annual Minitec, University Night, and our golf tournament, as well as other
activities within the plastics industry.
This also offers a valuable opportunity for advertisers. A consistent advertising campaign in our newsletter will
put your company’s name before thousands of professional engineers and other decision-makers in the plastics
industry. The benefits can be substantial.
SPEctator 2009 Advertising RatesSPEctator 2009 Advertising Rates
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Mailing Address: Penny Perdis, P.O.Box 2234 Square One, Mississauga, ON L5B 3C7
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TPE helps give mosquitoes the brush-off
PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS, ONTARIO SECTION
2009 Golf Tournament Rolling Hills Golf Club, Gormley, ON, Friday June 12, 2009
At first glance, Bug Bam repellent products from Bug Bam
Products LLC seem simple enough to make. These flexible,
colorful wristbands, pet tags, and hanging grids use a
proprietary formula of all-natural essential oils to ward off
annoying and potentially harmful mosquitoes. However,
finding the right material for Bug Bam items was no picnic
for company founder and CEO Joseph Symond. With a long
list of performance, aesthetic, and safety requirements, and
negative experiences with both low-density polyethylene
(LDPE) and silicone, Symond called GLS Corporation, a
PolyOne company and a global leader in the manufacture of
highperformance, custom-formulated thermoplastic elastomers
(TPEs). DYNAFLEX 2755 TPE not only met all of Bug Bam
Products LLC's requirements, but also provided outstanding flow
characteristics for demanding new applications.
Thanks to the soft-touch feel, flexibility, resilience, and FDA
compliance of DYNAFLEX 2755 TPE, Bug Bam Products LLC
has been extremely successful with the Bug Bam line. These easy-
to-use, all-natural (DEET-free) repellent products are proving
very popular. Retail outlets include QVC home shopping, BJ's
Wholesale Club and Wal-Mart stores. As a result, Symond has
expanded the product array; the latest version will be a plug-in
vehicle fan containing an insert of the TPE material for use at
tailgate parties and other open-air scenarios.
Before contacting GLS, Symond had a vision of what the ideal
material would provide. “We had been using LDPE but found that
when users bent the wristbands, an unattractive, permanent
white line would form,” said Symond. “We wanted the upscale
look and feel of silicone, but encountered two issues. The first was
silicone's high cost, but the real deal-breaker was incompatibility
with our proprietary essential oils and fragrance that are
incorporated into the material. Frankly, when our compounder
heated up the mixture, the silicone gave off an unpleasant
odour.”
Still seeking the appearance of silicone without its drawbacks,
Symond found everything he was looking for in DYNAFLEX
2755 TPE. This grade provided an economical solution for a wide
variety of applications while delivering a soft, flexible feel; good
weatherability; ease of coloring and processing; and FDA
compliance. “Unlike silicone, DYNAFLEX 2755 TPE is
completely compatible with our oil-based formula, and can be
processed at the lower temperatures necessary to preserve the
properties of the plant oils and fragrance,” he said. “Compared to
our old material, LDPE, it's much more flexible and does not show
any effects from bending.”
The versatility of DYNAFLEX 2755 TPE is helping Bug Bam
Products LLC expand and tailor its offerings. For example, the
combination of FDA compliance with softness enables the
company to create products for babies and children. When a
major retailer asked Bug Bam Products LLC to create a special
one-size-fits-all wristband, the excellent flow characteristics of
DYNAFLEX enabled the company to create a design with a snap-
off tab having a molded-in groove that would have created
problems if done in LDPE or other lower-flow materials. “The
properties of the GLS TPE allowed us to make some minor
alterations to the mold and, within a very short period of time, we
had our customized product ready to show the buyer, who was
thrilled with it,” Symond recalled.
RegistrationMake cheques payable to:
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Shotgun Start at 9:00am
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Banquet to follow at Rolling Hills
Golf & Dinner Golf OnlyChampionship Course (par 72)
Individual
Foursome
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We are currently working on a Potential Guest Speaker, Texas
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Ontario Spectator6
March 2009
FEATURE RTICLEA
Abstract:
1. Introduction
2. Biobased Polyurethanes
In this review, the paths to produce polyurethane from the biological
resources are documented with the new developments in the
biotechnology. New improvements in the composites and
nanocomposites are described for the polyurethane materials. This
review gives an overview on the basic of polyurethane materials and
outlines new approaches for greener polymers with better properties
and affordable prices.
Polyurethane materials are very important class of polymers that are
used in many different types of applications. They were first discovered
in 1937 by Bayer [1] and they were in the market at the end of 1940s.
Initially, they were used as elastomers and foams [2]. Their use was
spread after further developments in the polyurethane materials. One
of the most important features of the polyurethane is that it makes all
the three basic forms of polymers; namely thermoplastic, thermoset and
elastomer. This made this polymer novel and different from the other
polymers. The polyurethanes are used widely due to the variety of
chemicals used in the synthesis of the polyurethane, different reaction
conditions and varying amounts of the reactants, creating
polyurethanes with different material properties [2]. The main
application areas for the polyurethanes today are given in Figure 1 [3].
The polyurethane is made up of 2 main groups, the isocyanates and the
polyols. There are other chemicals such as the certain catalysis,
solvents, foaming agents and chain extenders, but isocyanates and the
polyols are the major chemicals of the polyurethane forming a urethane
linkage. The basic variety of the polyurethanes comes from the variety
of these two chemicals [4].
The increased use of composite materials in the materials industry,
especially significant increase in the polymer composites after 1980’s,
also increased the use of polyurethane in composite structure materials
[5]. The polymeric composite materials have been used since 1950’s but
in the last 2-3 decades; the composite materials have become reality in
many different applications such as transportation and structural
applications. These developments in the composite materials were well
implemented to polyurethane materials, creating very novel materials
[6].
The new developments in the nanotechnology and nano materials
enable the polyurethanes to be reinforced with the nano size fillers in
the form of nanocomposites. The effects of the composite materials and
the nanocomposite materials are significant in terms of the increase in
the mechanical properties, toughness, thermal stability, flame
retardancy and biodegradability [7].
The composite and nanocomposite materials include the traditional
glass fibre, natural fibre and carbon fibre reinforced polyurethanes
where as nanocomposites include advanced composites with the
nanofillers such as nano clays, nano silica and nano cellulose [7-10].
Besides nanotechnology, biotechnology advances resulted in
production of polyurethanes made from natural resources. Plant oils
have been used for some decades. The uses of castor oil, palm oil and soy
bean oil are the commonly used for polyols toward the synthesis of the
polyurethanes [11]. The use of wood based polyols enables new routes
for polyurethane synthesis. The use of biobased materials leads to the
green polymers and the polyurethanes.
The use of the biobased resources is very critical in many different
aspects. First, the reduction in the use of the petroleum based products
is very critical. Also, natural fibres can be used as reinforcing phase at
the micro- and nano-scale. Thirdly, some of the wastes, such as lignins
and recycled paper, can be utilized with these chemical routes. Lastly,
the use of biobased materials can lower the cost of the final product [12].
Polyurethanes derived from plant material are considered as semi-
biobased materials, due to the presence of isocyanates which are
derived from petroleum products. Current industrial polyurethanes
almost exclusively come from polyols derived from the petroleum-
based products. The commonly used polyols are the polyester polyols,
polyether polyols and polycarbonate polyols [3]. The critical path to
biobased polyurethanes is the use of natural polyols instead of
petroleum-based polyols [11]. Alternatively, use of natural fibres as
Biobased Polyurethane and Polyurethane Composite Materials
for Automotive Applications
M.Ozgur Seydibeyoglu , Amar K. Mohanty *, Manjusri Misra
1) Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture,
Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
2) School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
*E mail: [email protected]
1 1,2, 1,2
Figure 1: Different Applications of Polyurethanes
29 %, the insulation
27 %, the furniture and mattress
12 %, the automotive
5 %, the shoes
27 %, other applications
Ontario Spectator7
March 2009
FEATURE RTICLEA
reinforcing material or filler is another path to get green materials [12].
Current annual consumption is 3000 million pounds of polyurethane
foam and 400 million pounds of polyurethane fillers and binders [11].
The use of biobased polyols is very important in terms of the
polyurethane consumed. The polyols used in these polymers can be
easily replaced with biopolyols.
The biobased polyols vary, depending on the plant resource. The plants
can be from the agriculture or from the forestry products. The
agriculture-based polyols are more widely used for the polyurethane
production compared to wood-based materials. Some of the important
polyols from agricultural resources used are [11];
i. Soybean oil
ii. Castor oil
iii. Palm oil
The synthesis methods of the polyurethane from the natural oil-based
polyols have to be very specific, as these oils have wide range of
molecular weight and variation of double bonds content, affecting the
final properties and the viscosity of the polyurethanes [11]. Results from
Guo et al. [13] on the production of polyurethanes with soybean oil and
halogenated soybean oil [14] and Janvil et al. [15] on the production of
polyurethanes from vegetable oil, showed that the polymers were
comparable with the petrochemical products and had better thermal
stability. The effect of the NCO/OH ratio was also studied for the
soybean oil-based polyurethanes [16]. It was shown that as the ratio
decreased from 1.05 to 0.4 the mechanical properties and the Tg values
decreased significantly. Singh and Battacharya [17] studied the cell
openings and viscoelastic changes in the formation of polyurethanes
with soybean oil. Dwan’Isa et al. [18] studied the thermomechanical
behaviour of polyurethanes prepared with soybean phosphate ester
polyol and determined the optimum curing conditions and hydroxyl
content for the rigid polyurethane materials. There are various studies
on castor oil [19-21], palm oil [22] and other oil based polyurethanes
showing the use of different plant oils as polyols [23-24].
Besides agricultural polyols, wood based polyols are very important in
terms of the abundance of the wood and forest products.
Wood contains different materials such as lignin (17-35%), cellulose
(40-45%) and hemicellulose (15-35%). There are additional
compounds such as gums, fats, resins, oils, alkaloids, starches, tannins
and some inorganic materials. Wood can be used as polyols if it is
liquefied [3]. Chemical transformation can be used to obtain liquefied
oil, but recently wood is liquefied mainly with certain solvents.
Polyurethanes are obtained in the form of foams or sheets with two
different processes. Kurimoto et al. [25] obtained some films with
liquefied wood. Madas and Shiraishi [26] obtained polyurethane foams
with liquefied wood.
The other important family of the polyols comes from the lignin family
which can be wood- based or agriculture-based. Lignin is a waste
product of different industries, such as paper and alcohol. These
different lignins were used for the production of polyurethanes. Saraf
and Glasser [27] used kraft lignins and steam explosion lignins to
synthesize polyurethanes which were stiff and brittle. Yoshido et al. [28]
also used kraft lignins with different isocyanates to produce
polyurethane. Hatakeyema et al. [29] prepared polyurethanes from
kraft lignin and organosolv lignin in the presence of polyethylenglycol
and polypropylene glycol. In all these studies, the stiffness of the
polyurethane increased with the increase of the lignin polyols. Saraf
and Glasser [30] improved the flexibility with the addition of
polyethyleneglycol. Thring et al. [31] studied the effect of the Alcell
lignin (organosolv lignin)-polyetheyleneglycol-isocyanate reactions to
produce the polyurethane. Sarkar and Adhikari [32] investigated the
incorporation of the hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)
structure to the polyurethane and lignin. In this way they eliminated
the process of oxyalkylation process. Instead of incorporating the lignin
in the polyurethane structure, the lignin was incorporated into the
HTPB-PU polymer resulting in a more flexible material. Hatakeyama
et al. [33] studied the polyurethane materials produced from lignin and
molasses to be used as geocomposite materials in the construction of
tunnels. Natansohn et al. [34] discovered the good interactions and
blending with the detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
analysis. Ciobanu et al. [35] prepared composite materials of
polyurethane and lignin with solvent casting method and obtained
interactions of the polyurethane and lignin. They optimized with 5 wt
% of lignin in the polyurethane material with improved mechanical
properties and improved biodegradation.
Polyols can also be obtained from starch and cellulose from the plants.
These materials are also first liquefied. There are few studies on these
materials, showing the importance of natural resources as a renewable
and affordable material. Cellulose, being most abundant molecule in
the nature, should be well utilized and it should not be wasted [36].
There are other polyol resources such as the nut shells and the cork
materials [37-38].
The natural fibre-reinforced polymers are considered green materials
due to inherent properties of the natural fibres and the increased rate of
degradation rate with the natural fibres. The origin of natural fibres is
various plants and forestry products [12]. The uses of natural fibre-
reinforced composites are shown for different industries in Figure 2 [39].
The incorporation of the natural fibres, specifically cellulose materials,
at the nanoscale improves the properties of the polymer enormously.
There are other nanomaterials used to make nanocomposites of
polyurethane, such as nanoclays, nano silica and some carbon
nanofibres. Besides nanocarbon and nanosilica, nanoclays help the
polyurethane degrade faster as they have similar structure with the
natural clays which are a form of the soil [7].
For the natural fibre-reinforced polyurethanes, several research studies
have been conducted. The natural fibres were utilized at the micron
and the nanoscale in the polyurethane matrix. Wu and Mohanty [40]
used distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to obtain
biocomposites of polyurethane and improve the properties of DDGS
Polyols from wood based materials
3. Biobased Polyurethane Composites
Figure 2: The application areas of natural fibre composites.
31 %, automotive
26 %, construction
12 %, marine
10 %, electronic
8 %, appliances
8 %, consumer products
4 %, miscellaneous
1 %, aerospace
Ontario Spectator8
March 2009
with hydrophobic polyurethane. Rials and Wolcott [41] used wood
fibres to reinforce the polyurethane and significant increase was
observed with the increase in the wood fibre content of the
polyurethane matrix. Wu et al. [42] and Auad et al. [43] showed the
importance of the nanowhiskers of cellulose to reinforce the
polyurethane. Seydibeyoglu and Oksman [44] showed the importance
of fibrillation for the cellulose fibres to obtain cellulose nano fibrils and
they have shown that the impact of the nano sized fibrils was more
significant than the micron size cellulose.
The nano clays were used for many different polymer systems in order to
increase the mechanical properties with increase in the toughness
values [45]. The other benefits of the use of the clays are the increase in
biodegradation and flame retardancy [7]. Wang and Pinnavaia [46]
were the first to incorporate the montmorillonite clay in the
polyurethane material. Then there were studies in 2000’s to understand
the effect of different isocyanates and different polyols in the formation
of polyurethane [47-49]. Pattanayak and Jana [50] studied different
polymerization techniques. There are some studies conducted with
carbon fibres at the micron scale and some recent studies with the
nanocarbon fibres for certain biomedical, electronic applications and
structural applications [51].
For future polyurethane materials, natural resources offer new
opportunities and challenges with the rapid developments of the
nanotechnology. The soy polyols are used in some polyurethanes for
automotive applications [52-53]. The use of soy bean oils can be further
improved with the genetic modification of the soy-based materials
specifically designed for the polymeric materials which can be
biodegradable and developed to meet certain criteria. The use of
natural fibres from various plants can be utilized as polyol for the
polyurethane, or as reinforcing fibre - for the polyurethane composite
materials.
The rapid developments in the nanotechnology will enable optimized
mechanical properties of the polyurethane with high precision
technology. The use of the natural fibres at the nanoscale enormously
improves the mechanical properties of the polyurethanes, while
helping the polyurethane degrade faster in the soil. The use nanoclays
offer faster degradation of the polymers in the soil, as the natural clays
are part of the soil on this earth.
The new developments will bring additional material benefits for the
automotive industry in terms of lighter materials, better sound effects
and better mechanical properties which can be renewable and
degradable.
In this review, the historical backgrounds of polyurethanes with special
emphasis on the production of polyurethanes from the biobased
materials are given. Like in the other polymer systems, there is dense
research to obtain polyurethanes from renewable resources which can
degrade in the soil after certain time. The recent developments are
presented. The new developments of the composites and
nanotechnology are explained. Possible future materials from the
polyurethane are proposed as possible research topics for the
researchers in the industry and the academia.
A K Mohanty is thankful to the Ontario Ministry of Research and
Innovation (MRI) for the financial support under MRI-Postdoc
program. M.Ozgur Seydibeyoglu is thankful for a postdoctoral
fellowship under this MRI-postdoc program. M. Misra is thankful to
2008 Ontario Soybean Growers’ fund for the support.
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Biocomposites, Taylor and Francis Publisher, 2005.
M. Szycher, Szycher's Handbook of Polyurethanes CRC Press,
1999 p. 2-6
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(2008).
A.K.Mohanty, M.Misra, L.T. Drzal, S.E. Selke, B.R. Harte and G.
Hinrichsen, “Natural Fibres, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites:
An Introduction”, in Biopolymers, Natural Fibres and
Biocomposites, Taylor and Francis Publisher, 2005.
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Sci.; 77, 1723–34 (2000).
Z.S. Petrovic, W. Zhang, A. Zlatanic, C.C. Lava and M. Ilavsky. J.
Polym. Environ.; 10,5-12 (2002).
A.P. Singh and M. Bhattacharya. Polym Eng. Sci.; 44, 1977-1986
(2004).
J.P. Dwan’Isa, A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L.T. Drzal and M.
Kazemizadeh. J. Polym. Environ.;11, 161–168 (2003).
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Conclusions
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Might I inquire, fair reader, how you spent your
Christmas vacation? “At home with family,”
you say? Truly, I'm glad to hear it. What did I
do, you ask? Well, I was fortunate enough to go to South
Africa.
The reasons to go were compelling: I'd never been
before, the weather would be sunny and hot, we could
see long lost friends and stay with them , and –
almost best of all – I could skip the dreaded holiday
shopping season for the first time in my adult life. (And,
of course, if anything chanced to be happening on the
South African plastics front I could always report on it,
but I can't honestly describe that as a compelling
motive.)
The three-week trip had the following itinerary: spend a
few days with some friends on a safari trip north of
Johannesburg, travel down to the seaside town of
Hermanus to stay with a particularly close friend over
Christmas and New Years, and then return to
Johannesburg for a few days before flying back to
Canada.
Having only experienced Ontario's own African Lion
Safari to that point in my life, an authentic safari was
not to be missed – nor did it disappoint. Maybe it's a
union-requirement kind of thing, but the elephants,
lions, rhinos, zebras, giraffes, etc. all cooperated by
turning out en masse to be seen when we took driving
trips into the wild. I also managed to sneak in a round of
golf, although my joy at imagining friends shoveling
snow back home whilst I drew back the blade was
tempered slightly by my almost hitting an ostrich
standing on the 9th fairway. (But, said I to my golf
partner, it's better than almost hitting one that's
standing in the rough. My golf partner was a real joker,
by the way: while identifying and describing the local
birds to me, he explained the almost fearful sounding
cry emitted by one airborne bird by telling me that the
species was afraid of heights…and I actually believed
him for a few seconds.)
Hermanus, a resort town near the African continent's
southernmost tip, is famous for its whale watching. Of
whales, however, I saw none. But I'd be remiss if I didn't
mention Sam. Sam is a wonderful Border Collie owned
by the friend with whom we stayed. Like most dogs, one
of the great joys of Sam's life was to be taken for a long
walk (preferably about 20 times a day), and I was happy
to volunteer to be the
walker . Sam had the
unusual habit, though, of
continually looking back at
me while running ahead –
with predictable results.
Despite my warnings, he ran
into each of the following at
least once: a tree, a mailbox,
a picket fence, and a parked
car.
Back in Johannesburg, I
noticed that, although
beautiful, the city has its rough edges – or, to be blunt,
neighbourhoods that make Toronto's notorious Jane
and Finch area look ritzy by comparison. Denizens of
“Jo'burg”, I was told, are accustomed to taking such
precautions as keeping their windows up and car doors
locked while driving, their hand firmly on their wallet
while taking a stroll, etc. The lesson refused to sink in
with me, however. I wish I could say that I had an
unshakeable faith in the decency of my fellow man, but
the simple truth is that I was slightly scatterbrained and
regularly forgot to watch my back. One night, friends
gave me a particularly strong scolding – to put it
mildly – after I withdrew some cash from a bank
machine and then blithely strolled down the street
openly counting the bills. I suspect they made bets
among themselves as to how long it would take me to
get mugged, and how many muggings it would take until
I learned my lesson.
That's not to say that I escaped the city entirely
unscathed. I had also been warned against purchasing
hand-carved souvenirs at any one of Johannesburg's
numerous flea markets without proper supervision, lest I
get talked into buying something for ten times its real
value. I resented the imputation – i.e., that I had
“sucker” written all over me – and deliberately struck off
on my own at a flea market one afternoon. I drove a
reasonably hard bargain with one vendor and acquired a
splendid set of zebra bookends…or so I thought. Having
selected them, I let my mind wander while the fellow
wrapped them securely in bubblewrap and then
newspaper, and didn't open the parcel until after
arriving home in Canada a week later – only to find
that, while my back had been turned, he'd switched the
immaculate looking bookends I'd chosen for a damaged
pair, and wrapped those instead.
gratis
Editorially akingSPE
MARK STEPHEN
Hunting plastics in South Africa
Ontario Spectator10
March 2009
Ontario Spectator11
Editorially akingSPE
As I believe I mentioned at the outset, researching
plastics didn't exactly figure at the top of my to-do list.
Sometimes, though, the good ole journalistic instincts,
while to all appearances at rest, burst forth suddenly
into uncontrollable life. To wit: I couldn't help but
notice that many of the South African towns and cities
that I went through had stores selling nothing but
plastics products – with the corollary that it was very
hard to find plastic goods anywhere except in these
stores. The shops bore names like “Plastics for Africa”
and “Plastics Etc.” Was there a system of plastics
apartheid at work here? I (sort of) burned to learn the
answer. Donning my metaphorical investigative
reporter's hat, I marched into one or two of these stores
and asked the employees to enlighten me as to the
rational for keeping plastics, as it were, in isolation.
They couldn't enlighten me, however, and so I chalked
the whole thing up to cultural differences and got back
on with my vacation, secure in the knowledge that I'd
done my best for our industry – that I'd summoned up
every iota of my skill, but that the mystery was
ultimately unsolvable.
Of course, if my publisher chooses to send me back to
ask these tough questions again – at company expense,
of course – my golf clubs and I stand ready to make the
trip.
Mark Stephen is the managing editor of Canadian
Plastics magazine. He's still searching for a good set of
zebra bookends.
March 2009
Plastics apartheid?
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