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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential
Security Level: internal
Huawei eRAN3.0
CSFB Feature Introduction
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
35pt
32pt
) :18pt
eRAN2.2 eRAN3.0 eRAN2.1
CSFB to UTRAN • PS HO
• PS redirection
CSFB to GERAN • PS HO
• PS redirection
• CCO
CSFB to
CDMA2000 1xRTT
Flash CSFB to
UTRAN
Flash CSFB to
GERAN
CSFB to GERAN • CCO with NACC
Next Evolutions
Adaptive blind
CSFB
CSFB Steering
CSFB with eMPS
CSFB to UTRAN
with LAI
CSFB to GERAN
with LAI
Released
Planning
Planned
Huawei CSFB Feature Roadmap
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
35pt
32pt
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Chapter One:Feature Introduction
Architecture and functionalities
Mobile Originating call
Mobile Terminating call
SMS
Emergency call
Page 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 4
CSFB: brief introduction
Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB, 3GPP TS23.272)
The CS fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of voice and other
CS-domain services (e.g. SMS/ LCS) by reuse of CS infrastructure
when the UE is served by E-UTRAN.
This function is only available in case E-UTRAN coverage is
overlapped by either GERAN coverage or UTRAN coverage.
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Page 5
CSFB: Architecture and functionalities
S1-MME
S1-U
S11
E-UTRAN
MME
S-GW
S5
SGSN
HSS/HLR
S6a
S4
S3
S12
Iu-ps
Gb
PDN-GW
SGi
S7
MSC/VLR
A
Iu-cs
Gr
SGs
G/U/L handset
•Multi-mode G/U/L
•CSFB capable
•Support of procedures:
Combined EPS/IMSI
Attach, Update, Detach.
•Deriving a VLR number and LAI
from the TAI of the current cell, or
using a default VLR number and
LAI.
•Maintaining SGs association with
MSC/VLR for EPS/IMSI Attached
UE
•Triggering paging to eNodeB
(when MSC-S pages the UE)
•Initiating IMSI Detach at EPS
Detach
GERAN
UTRAN
•Need to be R8 ready
•Maintaining SGs
association with MME
•Forwarding paging request for CS
domain to the UE.
•Directing the UE to the target CS
capable cell. (PS HO/redirection
with or without SIBs).
C/D
PCRF
Rx
Internet / intranet /
Operators & 3rd
Party Applications
Gs
for the mobility
management and
paging procedures
between EPS and
CS domain.
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Page 6
CSFB: Mobile Originating call
RAT change (and selection) is under full network control (eNodeB triggers the
RAT change towards to 2G/3G based on the UE’s capability\measurement\SPID
indication from MME.)
NodeB RNC
eNodeB SAE-GW
3G
LTE
MSC-VLR
SGs
HSS/HLR
Inte
r-s
ys
tem
ch
an
ge
6.Initiate voice call
MME
7.IAM
1. Ext Service RQ
(CSFB indicator)
SGSN
5. eNB direct the UE to
G/U
3.optional measurement
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CSFB: Mobile Terminating call
NodeB RNC
eNodeB SAE-GW
3G
LTE
MSC-VLR
SGs
2. Paging RQ
(Domain indicator:
CS)
HSS/HLR
Inte
r-s
ys
tem
ch
an
ge
9.Voice call establishment
MME
1.IAM
SGSN
7. eNB direct the UE to G/U
5.measurement
3. Ext Service RQ (CSFB
indicator)
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Page 8
MMERNCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
Handover
Command
1. Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
Handover Command
S1-AP Response Message
3. Optional measurement report
4. PS handover preparation phase
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU
6.PS handover execution phase
2. S1-AP Message
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
MMERNCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
3. S1-AP message with CS Fallback indicator
2.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
Service
Request
S-GW
P-GW
Paging
1.Paging Request
4. Subsequent procedure similar to that in a mobile-originated case, with the CS
call establishment procedure replaced with a Paging Response message
CSFB to UMTS (PS HO)
MO call MT call
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CSFB to UMTS (PS RRC Redirection w/o RIM)
MO call (R8: without RIM)
MMERNCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
1.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
6.CS call establishment procedure
S1 UE context release
4. RRC Connection Release with UTRAN frequency
MMERNCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
1.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
6.CS call establishment procedure
S1 UE context release
4. RRC Connection Release with UTRAN
frequency\cell id\cell System information
MO call (R9: with RIM)
*MT call’s procedure is same.
PS Suspend PS Suspend
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CSFB to GERAN (PS HO)
MO call MT call
MMEBSCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
Handover
Command
1. Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
Handover Command
S1-AP Response Message
3. Optional measurement report
4a. PS handover preparation phase
4b.Suspend
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU
6.PS handover execution phase
S-GW
P-GW
Update
Bearers
2. S1-AP Message
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
MMERNCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
3. S1-AP message with CS Fallback indicator
2.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
Service
Request
S-GW
P-GW
Paging
1.Paging Request
4. Subsequent procedure similar to that in a mobile-originated case, with the CS
call establishment procedure replaced with a Paging Response message
BSC
In case GERAN or UE can’t support DTM (Dual transfer Mode) the PS service will be suspended
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CSFB to GERAN (PS RRC Redirection w/o RIM)
MMEBSCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
2.S1-AP Message
(containing a CS Fallback
Indicator)
1.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report
6.Suspend
5.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
7.CS call establishment procedure
S1 UE context release
4. RRC Connection Release with GERAN frequency group
MMEBSCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
2.S1-AP Message
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
1.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report
6.Suspend
5.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
7.CS call establishment procedure
S1 UE context release
4. RRC Connection Release with GERAN frequency
group\Cell id\Cell system information
MO call (R8: without RIM) MO call (R9: with RIM)
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Page 12
CSFB to GERAN (CCO w/o RIM)
MO call (w/o RIM)
MMEBSCeNodeBUE MSC SGSN
4. MobilityFromEUTRACommand
(CCO optionally with NACC)
2.S1-AP Message
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
1.Extended Service Request
(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
S1-AP Response Message
3.Optional measurement report
7.Suspend
6.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
8.CS call establishment procedure
5. S1 UE context release
In case GERAN or UE can’t support DTM (Dual transfer Mode) the PS service will be suspended
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Page 13
CSFB to UTRAN: Three mechanisms
R8 PS Handover: base on the
inter-RAT PS handover procedures
R8 PS redirection: RRC release with
“redirectedCarrierInfo”IE to UE
R9 PS redirection: RRC release with a
carrier frequency and UTRAN cell’s SIBs
acquired by RIM procedures before CSFB.
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CSFB to GERAN: Four mechanisms
R8 PS Handover: base on the
inter-RAT PS handover procedures
R8 PS redirection: RRC release with
“redirectedCarrierInfo”IE to UE
R9 PS redirection: RRC release with a
carrier frequency list and cell’s SIBs
acquired by RIM procedures before CSFB.
R8 CCO with NACC: HandoverCommand
With target cell and SI
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Page 15
CSFB: SMS
UE is EPS/IMSI attached and the CS
access domain is chosen by the UE
and/or the home PLMN for delivering
short messages.
SMS support is based on the
connectionless SGs reference point
between the MME and the MSC
Server and use of NAS signalling
between the UE and the MME.
The MO SMS and MT SMS are
signalled over SGs and do not cause
any CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN
RATs, and consequently does not
require any overlapped
GERAN/UTRAN coverage.
UE MME MSC HLR SMSC
1.EPS/IMSI attach
2.UE triggered Service Request
3. Uplink NAS
Transport
4.Uplink Unitdata
5.Forward Short Message
4a.Downlink Unitdata
4a.Downlink NAS Transport
6.Delivery report
No CS Fallback is performed for SMS
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Page 16
CSFB: Emergency call
E-UTRAN may use the emergency indication for selecting a particular radio access
network (2G or 3G) for CS emergency handling.
If PS handover is initiated, E-UTRAN may indicate priority level of the CSFB to the
target RAT, in order to prepare radio resource at target RAT in appropriate way, e.g.
priority allocation of the RAB resource.
UE MME MSC RNC
Extended Service Request with
Emergency Call Indication
S1-AP message with
Emergency Call
Indication
eNB indicates in the Source RNC to Target RNC
Transparent container that PS handover was
triggered due to CSFB and emergency purpose
eNB
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Chapter Two: CSFB Algorithm at eNB
是
否
CSFB触发:
是否盲切换
收到CS Fallback Indicator
开始
CSFB测量
CSFB决策
CSFB执行
结束
测量超时或异常
Triggering phase
The eNodeB receives a CS Fallback Indicator from the
MME. If the eNodeB supports blind handovers to an inter-
RAT system, it performs a blind handover without
delivering the measurement configuration to the UE.
Otherwise, the eNodeB delivers the measurement
configuration to the UE. Compared with measurement-
based handovers, blind handovers can reduce the access
delay. Therefore, blind handovers take precedence over
measurement-based handovers. Blind handovers,
however, have an impact on the handover success rate.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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The eNodeB delivers
the inter-RAT
measurement
configuration, and the
UE performs inter-RAT
measurements
accordingly.
In abnormal cases, eNB
performs blind
procedure.
The eNodeB executes
CSFB to enable the UE
to initiate the voice call
in the target cell.
The ongoin2g PS
services of the UE might
be handed over to the
target cell or suspended
in the source cell.
The eNodeB checks
the measurement
results and
generates a list of
candidate cells.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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R8 CSFB
eRAN2.0/2.1
Blind Scenario:
A list of candidate cells is generated on the basis of the blind handover priorities, which are determined by both
the RAT-specific priorities and the cell-specific priorities.
The RAT-specific priorities used in blind handovers for CSFB are defined through the InterRatHighestPri,
InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri parameters.
Measure Scenario:
eNB sends the UE the measurement configuration, according to which the UE performs measurements on the
specified system. The measurement configuration sent to the UE contains the configuration information for only the
RATs and frequencies that are supported by the UE.
eNB selects the best cell from UE’s measurement report.
Mn is the measurement result of the neighboring cell.
Ofn is the frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the neighboring
cell.
Hys is the hysteresis for event B1.
Thresh is the threshold for event B1. The values of Thresh are set on
the basis of the measurement quantities of each RAT.
The Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) threshold for CSFB to
UTRAN, Ec/No threshold for CSFB to UTRAN, threshold for CSFB to
GERAN, and threshold for CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT are specified
through the CsfbHoUtranB1ThdRSCP, CsfbHoUtranB1ThdECN0,
CsfbHoGeranB1Thd, and CsfbHoCDMAB1ThdPS parameters
respectively.
ThreshHysOfnMn B1 entering condition:
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Flash CSFB ( R9 redirection with SIBs)
2G/3G
Access
LTE
Access
RIM : RAN
information
exchanging
SGSN
GSM/UMTS
Core
MME
LTE Core
Flash CSFB:
• Saving 1s for UMTS compare with R8
CSFB
• Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8
CSFB
Frequency and
target cell
system
information
Key Point:
1. eNB request system information from BSC/RNC when
establish Inter-RAT neighbor relation;
2. BSC/RNC reply system information. If system
information update,BSS/RNC notify eNodeB and
send the latest information;
3. Core Network doesn’t handle the message, only
forward;
4. eNB doesn’t translate message from BSC/RNC,send
to UE directly;
5. eNB fill out the target frequency and related neighbor
cell information in RRC_Release message.
BSC/RNC
RA
N
info
rma
tion
RA
N info
rma
tion
requ
est
eRAN2.2
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN with LAI
LAI Based CSFB:
1. Priority to select target GU cells with same
LAC as UE registered in GU NW during
CSFB to avoid LAU (0.5s~3s).
2. Support National Roaming Ue to select
suitable fallback RAT/Cell bases on LAI
Indicator among multi-PLMNs.
TA3/LA1
TAI/L
AI
MME
LTE
Core
GUL
GUL
GUL
TA1/LA1
TA2/LA2
Select same LA to
CSFB
CSFB to
LA1
eRAN3.0
Step1: eNB receives “Registered LAI” from MME
MME sends “Registered LAI” to eNB via “Initial
Context Setup Request” or “UE Context
Modification Request” message.
Step2: eNB selects target network with LAI
consideration
1> Blind case: following the priority below.
1>Neighboring cell with the same LAI with
“Registered LAI”;
2>Neighboring cell with the same PLMN with
“registered LAI”;
3>Neighboring cell with the same PLMN with
the UE current serving PLMN.
2>Measurement case:
1>if any of the neighboring frequency’s cell
PLMN is the same with “Registered LAI”, or if any
of the neighboring frequency’s cell PLMN is the
same with the UE current serving PLMN, and the
UE supports the RAT and the frequency, eNB will
send these frequency to UE for measuring.
2>eNB will choose the same LAI from the
measurement reports.
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CSFB key parameters
MO Parameter ID Description
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatHighestPri Indicates the high-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS
fallback. It is UTRAN by default.
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatSecondPri Indicates the medium-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS
fallback. It is GERAN by default. If this parameter is set to null, the system with the
medium blind handover priority is not specified. In this case, only the blind
handovers to the high-priority system are applicable.
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatLowestPri Indicates the low-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS fallback.
It is CDMA2000 by default. If this parameter is set to null, the system with the low
blind handover priority is not specified. In this case, only the blind handovers to the
high- and medium-priority systems are applicable.
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg UtranLcsCap Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the UTRAN.
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg GeranLcsCap Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the GERAN.
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg CdmaLcsCap Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the CDMA2000.
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranTimeToTrig Indicates the time-to-trigger for event B1 that is used in CS fallback to
UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000. When CS fallback to UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000 is
applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used in the evaluation of whether to
trigger event B1. When detecting that the signal quality in at least one
UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000 cell meets the entering condition, the UE does not
send a measurement report to the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE sends a
report only when the signal quality continuously meets the entering condition during
the time-to-trigger. This parameter helps decrease the number of occasionally
triggered event reports, the average number of handovers, and the number of wrong
handovers, and thus helps prevent unnecessary handovers. For details, see 3GPP
TS 36.331. CSFallBackHo CsfbHoGeranTimeToTrig
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoCDMATimeToTrig
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MO Parameter ID Description
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranB1ThdRSCP Indicates the RSCP threshold for event B1, which is used in CS fallback to UTRAN.
When CS fallback to UTRAN is applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used
in the evaluation about whether to trigger event B1. This parameter indicates the
RSCP requirement for the UTRAN cells to be included in the measurement report.
A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the
RSCP in at least one UTRAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering
conditions are met. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranB1ThdECN0 Indicates the Ec/No threshold for event B1, which is used in CS fallback to UTRAN.
When CS fallback to UTRAN is applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used
in the evaluation about whether to trigger event B1. This parameter indicates the
Ec/No requirement for the UTRAN cells to be included in the measurement report.
A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the
Ec/No in at least one UTRAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering
conditions are met. For a cell with large signal fading variance, set this parameter
to a large value to prevent unnecessary handovers. For a cell with small signal
fading variance, set this parameter to a small value to ensure that the handover is
performed in time. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoGeranB1Thd Indicates the RSSI threshold for event B1 that is used in CS fallback to GERAN. A
UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the RSSI
in at least one GERAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering conditions
are met. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoCDMAB1ThdPS Indicates the pilot strength threshold related to event B1, which is used in CS
fallback to CDMA2000. A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to
the eNodeB when the pilot strength in at least one CDMA2000 cell exceeds this
threshold and other triggering conditions are met. For details, see 3GPP TS
36.331.
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MO Parameter ID Default Value Actual Unit MML Command
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
InterRatHighestPri UTRAN UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000
None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
InterRatSecondPri GERAN UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
InterRatLowestPri CDMA2000 UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL
None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
UtranLcsCap OFF(Off) OFF(Off), ON(On) OFF, ON None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
GeranLcsCap OFF(Off) OFF(Off), ON(On) OFF, ON None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
CSFallBackBlindHoCf
g
CdmaLcsCap OFF(Off) OFF(Off), ON(On) OFF, ON None MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
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MO Parameter ID Default Value Actual Unit MML Command
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranTim
eToTrig
40ms 0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
160ms, 256ms, 320ms,
512ms, 480ms, 640ms,
1024ms, 1280ms,
2560ms, 5120ms
0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
80ms, 100ms,
128ms, 160ms,
256ms, 320ms,
512ms, 480ms,
640ms, 1024ms,
1280ms, 2560ms,
5120ms
ms MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoGeranTim
eToTrig
40ms ms MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoCDMATi
meToTrig
40ms ms MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranB1T
hdRSCP
-106 -120~-25 -120~-25 dBm MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoUtranB1T
hdECN0
-13 -48~0 -24~0 0.5dB MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoGeranB1
Thd
-103 -110~-48 -110~-48 dBm MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
CSFallBackHo CsfbHoCDMAB1
ThdPS
-34 -63~0 -31.5~0 0.5dB MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
Switches are not shown here. Please refer to CSFB FPD.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Page 26
Chapter Three: Algorithm Relationship
LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between
E-UTRAN and UTRAN.
LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN depends on LOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility
between E-UTRAN and GERAN.
LOFD-001035 CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT depends on LOFD-001021 PS Inter-RAT
Mobility between E-UTRAN and CDMA2000.
LOFD-001052 Flash CS Fallback to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN.
LOFD-001053 Flash CS Fallback to GERAN depends on LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN.
LOFD-001068 CS Fallback with LAI to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to
UTRAN.
LOFD-001069 CS Fallback with LAI to GERAN depends on LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to
GERAN.
Page 26
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Page 27
Chapter Four: Use Case
G/U coverage
LTE
coverage UL dual
mode UE
Camping (LTE) Voice (G/U) Back to LTE
PLMN selection indicator
in SIM card
Frequency priority in
network system
information broadcast
CSFB to G/U to make
the CS call
Idle UE:
Frequency priority in G/U
system information broadcast
Active UE:
PS redirection
PS HO based on service
Deployment Scenario
No IMS support in LTE/SAE or roaming.
E-UTRAN coverage is overlapped by either GERAN coverage or UTRAN coverage.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Page 28
Thank You