spatial disorientation.ppt

8/9/2019 spatial disorientation.ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/spatial-disorientationppt 1/81

SPATIALSPATIAL

DISORIENTATIONDISORIENTATION



Terminal Learning Objective

ACTION: Identify normal orientation t!e

nat"re of #$atial di#orientation

and a##ociated ill"#ion#%

CONDITION: &!ile #erving a# an

aircre' member

STANDARD: In accordance 'it! T!e ("ndamental# of

Aero#$ace )edicine and ()



Enabling Learning Objective /*

ACTION: Identify t!e terminology

a##ociated 'it! #$atial

di#orientation

CONDITION: 0iven a li#t

STANDARD: IA& T!e ("ndamental# of Aero#$ace )edicine and ()

*+,-.%,-*





2ERTI0O



SENSOR1 ILL6SION

(ALSE SENSE O( REALIT1



SPATIAL

DISORIENTATION



Sensory Inputs that ProvideSensory Inputs that Provide

EquilibriumEquilibrium

Visual

Vestibular

Proprioceptive

ALL THREE SYSTES I!TER"RATE T# $#R A %#PLETE E!TAL PI%T&RE



Enabling Learning Objective /7

ACTION: Identify t!e role of vi#ion in

orientation



*+,-.%,-*



Role #' VisionRole #' Vision

Vision is the most reliable sense used

durin( 'li(ht

Visual

Vestibular

Proprioceptive)*+Vision



ROLE O( 2IS6AL C6ESROLE O( 2IS6AL C6ES

Orientation of vi#ion re3"ire#:

Perce$tion

Recognition

Identification

Orientation can be ac!ieved byindivid"al# "nder#tanding '!ere object#are in relation to t!em#elve#





$ocal .%entral/ Vision

8 4one consciously8 Presents us ,ith clear vie,8 Allo,s us to vie, colors8 4etermines distance and depth

perception



A5IE!T VISI#!

Al#o called Peri$!eral 2i#ion9done

#"bcon#cio"#ly detect# motion and attit"dec"e# and !el$# to $rovide balance b"t !a#$oor vi#"al ac"ity $ro$ertie#



$ocal6Ambient Vision$ocal6Ambient Vision

#perate independently

$requent transition bet,een the t,o

modes



CONDITIONS (OR SPATIAL

DISORIENTATION

T!e mo#t $redi#$o#ing condition for #$atial

di#orientation i# !overing at nig!t 'it! a lac of

vi#"al c"e#



Enabling Learning Objective /,

ACTION: Identify t!e vi#"al ill"#ion#



*+,-.%,-*



(al#e 2ertical;<ori=ontal C"e#(al#e 2ertical;<ori=ontal C"e#

4(al#e <ori=on54(al#e <ori=on5Occ"r# '!en t!e $ilot #"bcon#cio"#ly c!oo#e# t!e

'rong reference $oint for orientation





$ascination6$i7ation

TAR0ET <1PNOSIS

TAS> SAT6RATION



$lic8er Verti(o$lic8er Verti(o

Ca"#ed by #"nlig!t flicering t!ro"g! rotor blade#

Rotating beacon# reflecting again#t an overca#t #y



%on'usion ,ith "round Li(hts%on'usion ,ith "round Li(hts

8 Along #ea#!ore# or r"ral area#

8 0ro"nd lig!t# may be $erceived a# cele#tial lig!t#

8 Cele#tial lig!t# may be $erceived a# gro"nd lig!t#



(al#ely $erceived #elf+motion in relation tot!e real motion of anot!er object

Relative otionRelative otion



ALTERED PLANES O(



ALTERED PLANES O(

RE(ERENCE

Inacc"rate #en#e of altit"deattit"de or flig!t $at!

)o"ntain# ; 2alley#



Structural IllusionStructural Illusion

The

phenomenon

in ,hich

ob9ects

becomedistorted ,hen

visual

obscurants

are presentsuch as rain:

sno,: sleet: or

the curvature

o' a

,ind screen









Crater Ill"#ion

An ill"#ion t!at t!e aircraft i# landing into a !ole or crater

created '!en t!e #earc! lig!t i# $o#itioned too far "nder

t!e no#e of t!e aircraft

CRATER ILL6SION

Si 4i t Ill iSi;e 4istance Illusion



Si;e< 4istance IllusionSi;e< 4istance IllusionLar(e =ide Run,ay

!arro, Run,ay

Am I too

Lo, >

Am I too

Hi(h >

?@

?@





Auto8inetic IllusionAuto8inetic Illusion

Occ"r# '!en a #tatic lig!t a$$ear# to move

'!en it i# #tared at for #everal #econd#



At nig!t an aircraft may a$$ear to be going At nig!t an aircraft may a$$ear to be going

a'ay '!en it i# act"ally a$$roac!inga'ay '!en it i# act"ally a$$roac!ing

RE2ERSA?LE PERSPECTI2E









(6NCTIONS O( T<E

2ESTI?6LAR S1STE) 2i#"al tracing

Refle@ information

Orientation 'it!o"t vi#ion



2IS6AL TRAC>IN02IS6AL TRAC>IN0

)aintain# foc"# of t!e retinal

image



Refle@ information



ORIENTATION &IT<O6T 2ISION



CO)PONENTS O( T<ECO)PONENTS O( T<E

2ESTI?6LAR S1STE)2ESTI?6LAR S1STE)

Semicirc"lar Canal#

Otolit! Organ#

(6NCTIONS O( T<E



(6NCTIONS O( T<E

SE)ICIRC6LAR CANALS

Re#$on#ive to ang"lar acceleration and

deceleration

C!ange in bot! #$eed and direction

Detect# ya' $itc! and roll



SE)ICIRC6LAR CANALS

Rig!t angle# to eac! ot!er

Contain# endolym$! fl"id



(6NCTION O( T<E OTOLIT<

OR0ANS T!e Otolit! organ# are #tim"lated by gravity

and linear acceleration#

C!ange in #$eed 'it!o"t a c!ange in

direction

Sen#itive to linear acceleration and

deceleration 4for'ard aft "$ and do'n5



(6NCTION O( T<E OTOLIT<

OR0ANS

$#R=AR4 A%%ELERATI#! $#R=AR4 4E%ELERATI#!

(ALSE SENSATION O( ?AC>&ARD

&PRI"HT TILT $#R=AR4 TILT 5A%=AR4TR6E SENSATION TR6E SENSATION TR6E SENSATION



Enabling Learning Objective /

ACTION: Identify ve#tib"lar ill"#ion#


STANDARD: IA& T!e ("ndamental# of Aero#$ace )edicine and () *+,-.%,-*



2ESTI?6LAR ILL6SIONS

Somatogyral: Semi+circ"lar canal#

Stim"lated by ang"lar acceleration: A c!ange inbot! #$eed and direction

Somatogravic: Otolit! organ#

Stim"lated by linear acceleration: A c!ange in

#$eed 'it!o"t a c!ange in direction



S#AT#"YRAL ILL&SI#!San(ular acceleration

T!e Lean#

0raveyard S$in

Corioli#



)o#t common form of S$atial Di#orientation

THE LEANSTHE LEANS



)otion i# "#"ally "ndetected d"ring a #"bt!re#!old

mane"ver 4le## t!an 7o5



Pilot correct# attit"de and com$en#ate# for t!e

fal#e #en#ation of t"rning in t!e o$$o#ite direction



T!i# ill"#ion #eldom affect# bot!

$ilot# at t!e #ame time





CORIOLIS ILL6SION

Pilot enter# a t"rn #tim"lating one #emicirc"lar

canal

Pilot mae# a !ead movement in a differentgeometrical $lane #tim"lating a #econd and;or

t!ird #emicirc"lar canal

Re#"lt# in over'!elming #en#ation of 1a' Pitc!

or Roll





SO)ATO0RA2IC ILL6SION

4Linear;gravity de$endent5

Oc"loagravic

Elevator Oc"logravic



ELE2ATOR ILL6SION



ELE2ATOR ILL6SION Occ"r# d"ring #"dden "$'ard acceleration

Eye# ga=e do'n'ard

In#tr"ment $anel #eem# to ri#e

Pilot $erceive# a no#e "$ attit"de

Tendency to Bno#e over aircraft



OC6LO0RA2IC ILL6SION



UPRIGH

T

UPRIGH

T

EXTREM

E

FWDTILT

FWD

TILT

OC6LO0RA2IC ILL6SIONDeceleration

!ose lo, attitude

ost common in rotary ,in( aircra't







SEAT O( PANTS (L1IN0

2ery "nreliable mean# of orientation

De$endent "$on gravity (lying 'it!o"t reference to in#tr"ment#



Enabling Learning Objective /

ACTION: Identify t!e cla##ification# of

#$atial di#orientation



*+,-.%,-*



CLASSI(ICATION O(

DISORIENTATION

T1PE I + 6NRECO0NIFED

T1PE II + RECO0NIFED

T1PE III + INCAPACITATIN0

6NRECO0NIFED



6NRECO0NIFED

Ty$e I

Pilot doe# not consciously perceive any

indication of S$atial Di#orientation

(al#e in$"t# from #en#ory organ# or c"e#

Cra#!e# 'it! #mile on t!eir face





INCAPACITATIN0

Ty$e III

Pilot e@$erience# over '!elming #en#ation#

Conflict of #en#ory in$"t#

6nable to $ro$erly orient t!em#elve# by "#e

of in#tr"ment# or vi#"al c"e#







2IS6AL DO)INANCE2IS6AL DO)INANCE

A learned $!enomenon '!ere one incor$orate#

vi#"al orientation information '!ile e@cl"ding

ot!er #en#ory c"e# 4a very t!oro"g! cro##+

c!ec5



2ESTI?6LAR S6PPRESSION2ESTI?6LAR S6PPRESSION

An active $roce## of vi#"ally overriding

"nde#irable ve#tib"lar #en#ation#

In flig!t $ilot develo$# #"$$re##ion via

re$eated e@$o#"re to linear or ang"lar

acceleration



2ESTI?6LAR OPPORT6NIS)2ESTI?6LAR OPPORT6NIS)

T!e ability of t!e ve#tib"lar #y#tem to

fill any orientation void #'iftly



Enabling Learning Objective /H

ACTION: Identify t!e mea#"re# t!at !el$

$revent #$atial di#orientation



*+,-.%,-*



SD PRE2ENTION

In#tr"ment#+tr"#t yo"r in#tr"ment#

Coc$it management Ed"cation;training

In#tr"ment $roficiency

Aircraft de#ign



PRE2ENTION 4cont%5

Never fly 'it!o"t vi#"al reference $oint#

)aintain #it"ational a'arene##

Dar ada$tation Never try to fly bot! 2)C and I)C at t!e

#ame time

Avoid #elf +im$o#ed #tre##e# 4DEAT<5





TREAT)ENT

Refer to in#tr"ment#

Develo$ and maintain cro##+c!ec# Delay int"itive reaction#

Tran#fer control#



6IF6IF

Clic on t!e lin belo' to acce## t!e

S$atial Di#orientation "i=

!tt$:;;!tt$:;;ang%3"i=#tar$ro%comang%3"i=#tar$ro%com

Log+in and Clic BSearc! Tab

Cla## Name J S$atial Di#orientation

E th I t t



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spatial disorientation.ppt