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NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
19 September 2012. GIS Asia . Hanoi
Kapil Chaudhery
Spatial Decisions VIETNAM: 68c Tran Quang Dieu, Dong Da , Hanoi INDIA: B30 Kailash Colony, New Delhi
Introduction The number of natural disasters are increasing over the last three
decades.
Many of the developing countries of the Asia and the Pacific are situated in the world’s hazard belts and are subject to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves and land slides.
Vulnerability to disasters has increased due to the increased aggregation of people in urban centers and a lack of planning and preparedness.
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source: www.emdat.be
Floods are the most common climate-related disaster in thisregion and include seasonal floods, flash floods, urban floodsfloods associated with tidal events induced by typhoons in coastal areas.
Flooding in the Thach Thinh distract of Vietnam October 6, 2007 (source: Reuters photos)
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flood
Introduction
Background Vietnam is located in the tropical monsoon area.
Frequent tropical cyclones are prevalent mostly in the northern and central part of the country and cause flood and inundation.
The low coastal topography of this region is the reason of its exposure to the high wind and storm surges during cyclone.
Sometimes the cyclones generate from the northwest pacific, travel through the Philippines and enters the Indochinese mainland through Vietnam.
Annually, on an average, 8 cyclones or typhoons strike the Vietnam coast; most of them occurring during July to October.
Vietnam is characterized by very high annual rainfall (1800 -2500mm). 70% - 80% of the annual rainfall occurs during the 3-6 months period of rainy season. Intense rainfall causes rapid rate of run off and consequently flooding.
Heavy rainfall and discharge from the upper Mekong river region causes flood in the Mekong delta region in the southern Vietnam
Vietnam is highly vulnerable in terms of Vietnam is highly vulnerable in terms of hydrological disastershydrological disasters
AndAnd
There is a urgent need of efficient There is a urgent need of efficient integrated disaster risk management integrated disaster risk management
system for Information Communication system for Information Communication and DSSand DSS
Background
RS/GISRemote Sensing (RS) & Geographical Information system (GIS): A geographic approach to understand and manage our earth
Measure
Analyze
Model
Plan
Decision & Action Efficient Cost effective Better understanding
For better
Communication Collaboration Decision Making
Integrated Emergency Planning
Geo-Spatial Experts(study, analyze and predict flood risk)
Field Surveyor(Collects relevant data at regular interval)
Local Authority(Coordination, communication and management)
Editor segment
People(Accessing information about the event)
User segment
The web
Admin segment
(Service creation and modification and control the visibility of the web)
Editor SegmentThe editor captures, creates and edits the raw data and presents them into suitable information for the users.
1. Data capture and geo-processing.
2. Ancillary data collection.
3. Image cataloguing and Image
analysis.
4. Basic map generation.
5. Robust ancillary data entry in a pre-
designed DBMS.
PHASE - I
1. Tools for Early warning and
forecasting: Flood trend map,
short period flood warning & real
time water level.
2. Tools for Flood risk map.
3. Tools for Rehabilitation location
map
4. Tools for Important infrastructure
map.
PHASE - II
Report generation tool
PHASE - III
Phase – ISpatial Data
Satellite sensor Data.
Land use
Transportation
Demography
Topography
Hydrology
Soil
Non -Spatial Data
Other Tabular Data
Meteorology
Infrastructure
GIS
Phase – IITool for early warning & forecasting
Tool for early warning & forecasting
1. Analyze the historic satellite sensor
data of past flood events in different
years.
2. Map the flooded areas for different
years.
3. Then it is possible to identify the
areas under flood threat and need
more attention in flood management.
4. Also the database can be updated
accordingly.
A A
A A
B
B
B
B
User Segment
Service: Flood trend map
The map shows the extent to
which different areas are prone to
flood from overflowing rivers and
exceptionally high seas.
User SegmentService: Short period Flood Warning (During flooding)
Day: 5
Day: 1
Day: 7
Day: 3
Low risk Medium risk High risk
User Segment
Enter the location or click on the map
Service: River & Sea levels
Location-------------Ha NoiLao Caietc
River level selectionMap source: www.wikipedia.org
User Segment
Normal range
Current level
Flooding possible
Highest recorded
Time
Water level at Hoa Binh
Wat
er le
vel h
eigh
t
Wat
er le
vel h
eigh
t
Service: River & Sea levels
Phase – II
Flood HazardCritical Hydraulic condition
Area VulnerabilityChance of being exposed to flood
People VulnerabilityAbility to respond to flood
X Number of people at risk
= Flood Risks to people
+
+
Flood RiskFlood Hazard
- Depth of flooding- Velocity of flood water- Debris factor
Area Vulnerability
- Speed of onset- Nature of the area- Flood warning
- Distance from river/ coast- Age group
People Vulnerability
Tools for Flood risk map
User SegmentFlood maps and flood warning areas derived form previous flood events categorized according to the causes of flood. Maps depicting different flood risk zones.
Select-------------Flood mapFlood risk map
Enter the location or click on the map
Province-------------Thanh HoaLao Cai…
Select year-------------201020092008
Select-------------Flooding from riverFlooding from sea Flooding from cyclone
User Segment
Query based indicative river and coastal flood maps
In further detail the flood
related maps can be
meshed up with the
existing detailed base
maps available as OGC
compliant services.
Flood maps: Am I at risk of flood?
User SegmentFlood Risk Map
1. Calculate flood hazard can be
mathematically using existing
models.
2. Find and categorize exposure and
vulnerability from demographic
information and information about
essential infrastructures.
3. Categorize the extent and severity
of damage from the amount of loss
of life and property. All together defines the risk of flood of a particular area.
User SegmentRehabilitation Map
Location-------------Can ThoLao Caietc
On the basis of flood maps the locations for the rehabilitation centers can be mapped, where people can shift their settlement during the flood. Those are the area with comparatively higher elevation and less prone to flooding.
Flooded/ flood warning areaRehabilitation centers
User Segment
Important infrastructure map
It is possible to identify which areas of prime importance
are at risk of flooding.
Source: http://www.sandia.gov
Map of Mobile area electric power infrastructure at risk due to hypothetical hurricane scenario
Phase - IIIReport generation
On the basis of the collected ancillary data and the data
generated during the analysis of the event it is possible to
generate report on different aspects of the event such as
losses of life and property.
District Commune Area where crop loss
>70% (Ha)
Loss of Livestock
Area inundated/ district (Ha)
156 15605 20 1 200
156 15607 100 12
156 15608 20 2
156 15609 35 2
156 15610 15 5
Sample of database: account of the loss of property due to flooding
Way forward
Sustained Training and capacity building.
Collaborative work environment ( more public private partnership).
NSDI will be great.
Data distribution is a challenge but information distribution should not stop.
Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction.
