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Spatial Databases. DT249/DT211/DT228 Semester 2 2006-7 Pat Browne. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005.htm. Course Web Page. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005.htm. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Spatial DatabasesSpatial Databases
DT249/DT211/DT228 Semester 2 Semester 2
2006-72006-7
Pat BrownePat Browne
http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005.htm
Course Web PageCourse Web Page
http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005/Spatial%20Databases%20SDEV4005.htm
Your Interest in Spatial Databases Your Interest in Spatial Databases Jobs in GISJobs in GIS
GovernmentGovernment Most major departments are developing GIS on an ongoing basis: e.g. Most major departments are developing GIS on an ongoing basis: e.g.
the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), Environment Protection Agency the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), Environment Protection Agency (EPA), Duchas, OPW.(EPA), Duchas, OPW.
Semi-statesSemi-states Many agencies have a big investment in GIS e.g. ESB.Many agencies have a big investment in GIS e.g. ESB.
Local AuthoritiesLocal Authorities County councils run many GIS applications.County councils run many GIS applications.
Private SectorPrivate Sector MAPFLOW, IMGS (Information with location).MAPFLOW, IMGS (Information with location).
Post graduate research: Post graduate research: DIT Digital Media Centre (DMC), DIT Digital Media Centre (DMC), The National Centre for The National Centre for
Geocomputation (Maynooth).Geocomputation (Maynooth). Several DT249 students have found new career opportunities as a Several DT249 students have found new career opportunities as a
direct result of completing a spatial database project.direct result of completing a spatial database project.
Your Interest in Spatial Databases Your Interest in Spatial Databases Technically Interesting Technically Interesting
Spatial databases provided the essential Spatial databases provided the essential logiclogic and and structurestructure for a host interesting and creative applications for a host interesting and creative applications (e.g. emergency services routing, hospital placement, a (e.g. emergency services routing, hospital placement, a game environment). game environment).
The spatial database course brings together many topics The spatial database course brings together many topics that you have already studied (e.g. databases, graphics, that you have already studied (e.g. databases, graphics, objection orientation, web development) and applies objection orientation, web development) and applies them in innovative ways.them in innovative ways.
Spatial databases can answer a range of questions from Spatial databases can answer a range of questions from ““where is the nearest chipper?where is the nearest chipper?” to “” to “is Sellafield killing is Sellafield killing us?us?”.”.
Spatial database work with many other technologies Spatial database work with many other technologies (e.g. Internet ,wireless networks, and GPS.) (e.g. Internet ,wireless networks, and GPS.) Great Great source of ideas for final year projectsource of ideas for final year project..
What is a Spatial Database?What is a Spatial Database?
A spatial database is a database system A spatial database is a database system that is optimized to store, update and that is optimized to store, update and query spatial objects: query spatial objects: Point: Point: a house, a moving cara house, a moving car Line: Line: a road segmenta road segment Polygon: Polygon: a countya county
Why Spatial Databases? Queries to databases are posed in high level declarative Queries to databases are posed in high level declarative
manner (usually using SQL)manner (usually using SQL)
SQL is the “lingua-franca” in the commercial database worldSQL is the “lingua-franca” in the commercial database world
Standard SQL operates on relatively simple data typesStandard SQL operates on relatively simple data types
Spatial SQL (SQL3/OGIS) supports several spatial data Spatial SQL (SQL3/OGIS) supports several spatial data types and operationstypes and operations
Additional spatial data types and operations can be defined Additional spatial data types and operations can be defined in spatial database. (CREATE TYPE statement)in spatial database. (CREATE TYPE statement)
A DBMS is a way of storing information in a manner that A DBMS is a way of storing information in a manner that enforces consistency, enforces consistency, facilitates access, facilitates access, Allows users to relate data from multiple tables togetherAllows users to relate data from multiple tables together
Spatial Databases must integrate Spatial Databases must integrate with other applications and data.with other applications and data.
Map Renderer
Network
Wireless Mobile
Devices
HTML Viewer Java Viewer GIS Desktop
Applications
Custom Applications
Spatial DB
(Internet)
Server Side Applications
Query 1Query 1
““Display all counties that Display all counties that borderborder Kildare”. Kildare”. This query can be implemented using the This query can be implemented using the
following SQL command:following SQL command:select c1.name as select c1.name as name,transform(c1.the_geom,4326) as the_geomname,transform(c1.the_geom,4326) as the_geom
from county c1,county c2from county c1,county c2
wherewhere
touches(c1.the_geom,c2.the_geom)touches(c1.the_geom,c2.the_geom)
andand
c2.name='Kildare';c2.name='Kildare';
Result 1Result 1
Query 2Query 2 “ “Display all regional roads that Display all regional roads that intersectintersect the N7 National Primary the N7 National Primary
Road within the region of Dublin Belgard” This query can be Road within the region of Dublin Belgard” This query can be implemented using the following SQL command:implemented using the following SQL command:
SELECT r.class as name,transform(r.the_geom,4326) AS SELECT r.class as name,transform(r.the_geom,4326) AS the_geomthe_geom
FROM regional_road r,national_primary_road n,county cFROM regional_road r,national_primary_road n,county cWHEREWHEREn.class='N7'n.class='N7'ANDANDn.the_geom && r.the_geomn.the_geom && r.the_geomANDANDintersects(n.the_geom,r.the_geom)intersects(n.the_geom,r.the_geom)AND AND c.name='Dublin Belgard'c.name='Dublin Belgard'ANDANDcontains(c.the_geom,intersection(r.the_geom,n.the_geom));contains(c.the_geom,intersection(r.the_geom,n.the_geom));
Result 2Result 2
Course Overview
This course focuses on the use of database management systems (DBMS) to store spatial information. A spatially enabled DBMS is a central component of a Geographical Information System (GIS). GIS has a major role to play in managing the national physical and informational infrastructure. An understanding of spatially enabled DBMS is vital in implementing any information system where geographic data is required. This course focuses on the role of the DBMS in geographical applications.
Course Description 1
Foundations Fundamental geographic concepts for GIS The world in spatial terms, how natural and man made features can be stored in a DBMS. Qualitative and quantitative location e.g. geo-referencing and coordinate systems. Maps as representation of the world and of information. Geometric and thematic information.
Course Description 2
Algorithms for GIS: Intersection of lines, operations on polygons, network traversal, auto-correlation, statistical operations, searching. We focus on the use of algorithms, not their design. The algorithms are provided as database extensions (e.g. PostGIS) or Java APIs (e.g. Open Map, Geotools, uDig, JUMP)
Course Description 3
Spatial representations: Raster, vector, TIN, quadtrees, R-trees, scan orders, polygon coverage, discrete objects, networks, time, connections and topology, networks, distance and direction, flow and diffusion, spatial hierarchies, boundaries, spatial patterns, attributes of relationships. As with the algorithms these representations are provided by the DBMS and APIs.
Course Description 4
Applications of geospatial data: Transportation networks, natural resources, soil data, oceanography, land cover, geology, climate, terrain modelling, land records, administrative boundary data, demographic studies, decision support and health data.
Course Description 5
Spatial databases Spatial data: definitions, formats, models, queries the relational model, advanced SQL, data modelling techniques, implementing a simple database, post relational database models, object-relational and object-oriented models, spatial data structures, spatial indexing e.g. R-Tree, networking, database issues in GIS. The course will involve practical work on a range of appropriate software e.g. PostgreSQL, PostGIS, GML, Java, ArgoCaseGEO, OPENMAP, uDIG .
Learning Outcomes
On completion of the spatial database module, you will be able to: use a database to store and query spatial data develop applications that use a spatially enabled
DBMS understand and use the OGC simple feature model distinguish and use appropriate database models understand the DBMS extensions and APIs required
by application programs to handle spatial data.
Course Text
The course text is:
Spatial Databases: With Application to GIS by Philippe Rigaux, Michel Scholl, and Agnès Voisard
Publisher ElsevierGoogle Books
Good Reference
Spatial Database Book Projecthttp://www.spatial.cs.umn.edu/Book/