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Spatial data for integrated Spatial data for integrated assessment of urban areasassessment of urban areas
Andrus Meiner
European Forum for Geostatistics12 October 2011, Lisbon
OutlineOutline
• EEA work experience with geospatial grids
• Examples of urban data used in State of Environment 2010 report
• Urban metabolism as a central concept of IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring for Europe
Improving our knowledge baseImproving our knowledge baseICT strategy towards 2013ICT strategy towards 2013
• Enhance the EEA‘s capabilities around spatial data
– Spatial data sharing and integration, support to INSPIRE
• Increase EEA capacity to handle new types of data
– near real time data, satellite data, citizen observations (through mobile devices), models
• Strengthen role of EEA as European Environmental Data Centre and
– contribute to the European Spatial Data Infrastructure
Use of reference grids in the EEAUse of reference grids in the EEA
• Grids for reporting and analysis▪ no primary data collection on grids
• Grid-systems with Europe-wide coverage▪ EEA has extra-EU coverage of 32 + 7 countries▪ Grids hierarchy for different needs e.g. 0.1, 1, 10 km
• Grids are used to analyse the environmental issues and variables
▪ need for gridded socio-economic data
• Increased use of grids in future ▪ data integration and assimilation
Concept: Land Concept: Land and Ecosystem and Ecosystem Accounting Accounting (LEAC)(LEAC)
CORINE Land Cover:
1990-2000-2006
Next CLC 2012
The approach to generate the land The approach to generate the land accounting record for a stockaccounting record for a stock
Indicators for Europe Indicators for Europe based on CLC2006 and change databased on CLC2006 and change data
Land cover 2006[% of total]
2 %
6 %
8 %
3 %
3 5 %
2 5 %
1 7 %
4 %
A rtificial areas A rable land & permanent crops P as tures & mosaics Fores ted land
Semi- natural vegetation O pen spaces / bare soils Wetlands Water bodies
Net change in land cover [% of initial year 2000]
- 1 .0
1 .0
3 .0
PortugalPortugal
Source: EEA, based on Corine LC 2006Source: EEA, based on Corine LC 2006
Urban Growth Urban Growth in Europein Europe
PopulationPopulation
Residential sitesResidential sites
Economic sitesEconomic sites
Urban growthUrban growth
IUMEIUME Integrated Urban Monitoring in Integrated Urban Monitoring in
EuropeEurope
datadata
questionsquestions systemsystem
Combining European data sources and approaches:Combining European data sources and approaches:different urban delineations and indicators of urban flowsdifferent urban delineations and indicators of urban flows
http://iume.ew.eea.europa.eu/http://iume.ew.eea.europa.eu/
Data: overviewData: overviewmain typologies of urban delineations in Europemain typologies of urban delineations in Europe
• Urban Audit • Urban Atlas• GMES Land (Corine LC Class 1, HR Soil sealing)
• UMZ Urban Morphological Zones (built up areas less than 200 m apart)
• ESPON – MUA Morphological Urban Areas
– FUA Functional Urban Areas (beyond admin borders)
• MOLAND (urban areas + periurban buffers)
• Air quality Zones and agglomerations in relation to EU air quality thresholds
• Noise urbanised areas (defined by MS)
Data: types, scales, time seriesData: types, scales, time series
EurostatEurostatUrban AuditUrban Audit
CORINE Land CoverCORINE Land Cover
Soil sealingSoil sealing
Urban AtlasUrban Atlas
AirBaseAirBaseWater (WTP)Water (WTP)Noise (END)Noise (END)
European Soil DBEuropean Soil DBNatura 2000Natura 2000
NoiseNoise
Urban coverageUrban coverage
10% Europe10% Europe60% Population60% Population
10% Europe10% Europe60% Population60% Population
UMZ changesUMZ changesExample of Barcelona 1990-2000Example of Barcelona 1990-2000
16
soil sealingsoil sealingIntensityIntensity
UMZ + Urban intensity (70%)UMZ + Urban intensity (70%)
NatuNaturere
need for urban green areasneed for urban green areas
Climate change adaptation: heat wavesClimate change adaptation: heat wavesDegree of soil sealing (UMZ) and predicted increase of tropical nightsDegree of soil sealing (UMZ) and predicted increase of tropical nights
Green urban areas: share and accessGreen urban areas: share and access
BrusselsBrussels
StaticStatic
DynamicDynamic
Different delineations for different Different delineations for different purposespurposes
MorphologicalMorphological
FunctionalFunctional
AdministrativeAdministrative
Biophysical Biophysical processprocess
Socio-economic Socio-economic
Planning & Planning & ManagementManagement
Regular grid - common interface for Regular grid - common interface for integration integration different delineations and other types different delineations and other types of dataof data
different spatial different spatial reporting unitsreporting units
Ref. Grid 1haRef. Grid 1ha
UnemploymentUnemployment2001 (Eurostat)2001 (Eurostat)
Population GridPopulation Grid2001 (JRC)2001 (JRC)
Weighted Weighted by by
PopulationPopulation
OLAP CUBEOLAP CUBE
IntegrationIntegration
IntegrationIntegrationCLC 2000 (EEA)CLC 2000 (EEA)
DisaggregationDisaggregation
AggregationAggregation
System: Basic metabolism conceptSystem: Basic metabolism conceptPhysical exchanges between the urban system and the environmentPhysical exchanges between the urban system and the environment
Source for Urban Metabolism concept: Minx et al., 2011Source for Urban Metabolism concept: Minx et al., 2011
Determinants Determinants of urban of urban metabolismmetabolism
Basic structure of the proposed Basic structure of the proposed indicator system (4 types)indicator system (4 types)
Adapted from Alberti (1996)Adapted from Alberti (1996)
Extending the Extending the urban metabolism urban metabolism
concept for concept for environmental environmental
impactsimpacts
Towards an urban metabolism Towards an urban metabolism databasedatabase
Example: Densities and GHG emissions Example: Densities and GHG emissions City of ManchesterCity of Manchester
Quantifying urban Quantifying urban metabolismmetabolismDownscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolutionDownscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution
• Pragmatic, feasible indicator system– administrative delineations of cities as boundaries,– metabolic flows as main content– Additional information on urban drivers, patterns and quality
• Potential of a geo-demographic approach– higher spatial resolution– more variables (flows, patterns, lufestyles)– downscaling environmental information
• Urban metabolism as systemic backbone for IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring for Europe
- Synthesis- Synthesis
- Part A – Europe and the World- Part A – Europe and the World
• ......
• Urbanisation and Urbanisation and consumptionconsumption
• ......
- Part B – Thematic assessments- Part B – Thematic assessments
• ......
• Land useLand use
• Urban environmentUrban environment
• ......
- Part C – Country sketches- Part C – Country sketches
http://www.eea.europa.eu/soerhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/soer
The aim of IUME initiativeThe aim of IUME initiative
• Provide an overview about existing urban delineation in Europe and their context,
• Show the consequences of working with different delineations, and
• Develop methods and tools to overcome the difficulties and show ways for data integration
Future research needsFuture research needsDownscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolutionDownscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution
• allowing better links between urbanisation dynamics, sprawl and their environmental impacts in more detail.
• Availability of metabolic flow data for functional and morphological urban delineations, not only for administrative geographies.
• Potential of geo-demographics.
• A scoping of requirements for data with a higher spatial resolution across European institutions.
• Review of methods for downscaling information.
