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Spanish Empire in the Americas
By Randy Hardin
Diego Vasicuio- Peru Tribal Group religious leader
Born approx. 1581, text says he was over 90 in 1671
Lived in city called Salamanca, located in present day Peru
Chief priest and custodian of the god Sorimana
He was included in this collection because his story is an example of how the Indians had to survive through adaptation
Martin Ocelotl Mexico-New Spain
Born 1496 in Chinanta in present day Mexico, possibly died at sea 1537
Native priest, cult leader
Included because he was an example of the Indians trying to hold on to their faith during the Christianization effort.
Juan de Morga/Gertrudis de Escobar Mexico – New Spain
Mulatto slaves
Lived in Central Mexico
Juan was born a slave in Oaxaca in about 1627
Gertrudis was born around 1645, text states she was 14 in 1659
They were both very harsh treated slaves
They were included in this collection as an example of the hardships that some slaves endured in that time period
Isabel Moctezuma Mexico-New Spain
Indian, daughter of Moctezuma II
Born 1509 or 1510, died 1550
Lived in Mexico She was awarded the
enomienda of Tacuba Included to tell the story
of the one remaining heir to the emperor of the Aztecs
Beatriz de PadillaMexico/ New Spain
Mulatta or Morsica (daughter of a white man and a mulatta)
Lived in Lagos, near Guadalajara in waestern New Spain
Mistress, mother to 4 children 2 boys and 2 girls, never married
Included in this collection as an example of a mulatta mistress
Lived mid 1600's
Miguel HernandezMexico/ New Spain
Free mulatto
Lived full life in 16th century Mexico
Literate
Born in Mexico city, died 1604
He was a muleteer and later in life became a senor de recuas ( master of mule trains)
Included in this collection as an example of a mulatto that survived and trived in Spanish society
Enrico MartinezMexico/ New Spain
Born in Hamburg about 1557, died 1632
Printer, Engineer, and Scientist
Lived in Mexico
He is included in this collection because of his desire for science and astrology and the restriction of the Church on those matters.Also because he was the lead engineer in building the desague ( a major drainage canal for Mexico City)
Aztecs Ch.1
Tula was a great anchient city about 56 miles north of Mexico City
Tula's power crumbled and finally collapsed in the mid 12th century, the people (Toltecs) migrated
Many people claimed to be the descendants of the Toltecs
“Aztecs” are also known as “Mexitin” or “Mexica”
The Mexica migrated to the Valley of Mexico
The Mexica chose Acamapichtli as their leader
Aztecs ch. 2
In 1440 Moctezuma I came into power over the Aztecs
Moctezuma I decided to have a perpetual war with the people of Puebla and Tlaxcala in order to gain people for sacrifice to the gods
He set out to conquer the tropics and forced cities to pay tribute
Some difficulties to true control of the empire was the enormous distances and rudimentary means of communication
Aztecs ch. 3
Ahuitzotl came to power in 1486
When the great temple of Tenochtitlan was completed its inauguration consisted of thousands of human sacrifices
To the Aztecs human sacrifice was necessary, they believed their gods were mortal and needed to be fed. Once fed things would continue as normal but if not fed the world would come to an end.
Ahuitzotl continued to increase the empires borders
The empires size began to cause problems
In 1503 Moctezuma II began to reign
Aztecs ch. 4
In the first decade of the 16th century Moctezuma thought he was the “master of the world”
There were prophecies of destruction for the Aztecs before Cortes arrived
Moctezuma was unsure about how to treat the Spaniards
He submitted to the Spaniards but was betrayed
Cortes defeated the Aztecs then took control of the area then called New Spain
Aztecs ch. 5
Cortes demanded that the Indians convert to Christianity
The “anti-Spanish party” rejected Cortes and Christianity
The conquerors began to intermarry with the daughters of the Indian Aristocracy, this furthered the transition between the two worlds
Epidemics brought by the Spaniards killed many Indians
Aztecs ch. 6
In the 17th century the native society disintegrated
The 17th century saw the beginning of a unique Christianity which allowed the Indians to express what remained of their original identity
In the cities the Indians began to assimilate the negative aspects of “culture” brought by the Spaniards, such as drunkenness
Kingdom of Spain
The Kingdom of Spain was created in 1492 with the unification of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon
Spain and Portugal
In the 16th century Spain and Portugal were at the top of global exploration and colonial expansion and opening trade route across the ocean
Spanish Empire
From 1580 until the 19th century, Spain had the largest empire in the world