HUM2461

Spanish architecture(5th to 15th century)

Instructor: Ericka Ghersi

Before Muslim Arabs in Spain…

Architecture belong to the Medieval age.

From the 5th to the 15th century.

Medieval art and architecture

The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and barbarian invasions were a major turning point in history of art and architecture.

Medieval art and architecture were completely under influence of the Catholic Church and Christian believes but they included some of the Roman achievements.

Medieval art and architecture

Between the collapse and the raise of Medieval art was the Byzantine art and architecture in the Balkan Peninsula, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries.

The medieval art and architecture are generally divided by periods and styles.

Periods and styles:

Early Christian art and architecture

Byzantine art and architecturePre-Romanesque art and architecture

Romanesque art and architectureand Gothic art and architecture

Spanish architecture

Before Muslim architecture(6th-11th centuries)

From the 6th to the 11th century

Pre-Romanesque art and architecture.

This is called the Migration Period.

It was followed by the emergence of numerous short-lived states, while the powerful nobles struggled with each other for territory and power.

Spanish architecture (6th- 11th centuries)

The period from the early 6th to the early 11th century also saw the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Southern Italy.

No major constructions were built nor planned from the 5th to the 8th century.

No major constructions were built nor planned from the 5th to the 8th century.

Ottonian architecture (10th century)

Saint Michael, Germany

Santa Maria del Naranco, Spain (848 CE)

• Visigothic architecture

• Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

Map of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania

711 CE

Islamic conquest of the Christians (711-1492CE)

Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.

Moors called the territory Al Andalus (what is now Spain and Portugal)

Middle ages. Crusades.Reconquest starts with the formation of

the kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths. By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was

complete by the crusaders.

Map before 1492 (15th century)

1492 CE

Architecture of Al-Andalus (711-1492 CE)

1. January 2, 1492 is the end of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania.

2. Mudejar style: Best expressions of Spanish architecture belong to this period.

3. In Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architecture, builders used elements of Islamic art.

Mudejar styleSymbiosis of techniques and ways of

understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian cultures.

Brick as the main material. Developed complicated tiling patterns.Dominant geometrical character.

The Alcazar of Seville is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of the style.

Historic facts1. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII

surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile.

2. Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs.

3. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

Alcazar of Seville (ca 1212CE)

The Spanish Square (Seville, Andalusia)

Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

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Questions

1.When Jews are expelled from Spain?

In 1492 (15th century).

Questions

1. For how many years the Iberian Peninsula was taken

by the Muslims?Nearly 800 years (711CE-1492CE).

Questions

1. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440-

1469 (15th century)?

The Aztecs.

Questions

1. What did Pachacuti achieve in 1438? The Inca Empire.

2. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440 and 1469?

Aztecs.

3. When Machu Picchu was built? In 1450 (15th century).

Questions

1. What are the names of the Spanish monarchs that unified Spain?

Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.2. What is Spanish Inquisition?

It was a way how to expulse Jews from Spain. If Jews wanted to stay, the Catholic monarchs offered conversion into Christians. However, those Jews that stayed in Spain were killed as well

3. When Jews are expelled from Spain? In 1492.

Architecture

1. How is the Mudejar style? Symbiosis of techniques. Use of brick and tile.

Geometrical patterns.2. In what century the Great Mosque of

Cordova was built? 8th century.

3. When is the end of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula?

Jan. 2nd , 1492 (15th century).

Architecture

1. How is the architecture in Spain before the Muslim Arabs?

2. How is the architecture in Spain through the 9th and 15th centuries?

3. In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built?

Architecture

1. In what century the Alhambra was built?

13th century.

Historic facts

For how many years the Iberian Peninsula (Hispania) was taken by the Muslim Arabs? Nearly 800 years.

Who free the Iberian Peninsula from the “Moors”? The crusaders.

Links

http://www.medievaltimes.info/medieval-art-and-architecture/index.html