Spalding Help for DEN Parents:1. If you have an Android based device you can purchase for $3.99 “Spalding Phonograms”. It is simple, VERY user

friendly, and sounds the phonograms for you.2. If you have an Apple device, the phonogram app is coming in approximately 6 weeks. However, in the

meantime, you can go to the Spalding Store and purchase a CD to help you at http://ww.spalding.org. 3. You can go to http://www.spalding.org/index.php?tname=parents. Spalding offers 2 parent online courses for a

minimal fee and tutor options for parents.4. You can talk to other parents at Spalding Forums http://www.spalding.org/BB/index.php. 5. You can get the list of phonograms for your child’s grade level called “Individual Oral Phonogram Assessments”

by going to http://www.spalding.org/index.php?tname=support&p=forms and clicking on your child’s grade. There are also forms for teacher, but you can print any at home.All 70 that are to be learned eventually are listed below. For proper pronunciation see #1 above.

1. a 27. sh 51. ed2. c 28. ee 52. ew3. d 29. th 53. ui4. f 30. ow 54. oa5. g 31. ou 55. gu6. o 32. oo 56. ph7. s 33. ch 57. ough8. qu 34. ar 58. oe9. b 35. ay 59. ey10. e 36. ai 60. igh11. h 37. oy 61. kn12. i 38. oi 62. gn13. j 39. er 63. wr14. k 40. ir 64. ie15. l 41. ur 65. dge16. m 42. wor 66. ei17. n 43. ear 67. eigh18. p 44. ng 68. ti19. r 45. ea 69. si20. t 46. aw 70. ci21. u 47. au22. v 48. or23. w 49. ck24. x 50. wh25. y26. z

6. Spalding rules and cues can be found at: http://www.spalding.org/index.php?tname=support&p=cues. It is also provided below:

Spalding Phonogram Rules and Cue Words1. In OPR Step 2, teach cue words and initially ask knowledge questions. 2. In OPR Step 2, ask application questions when students understand the rule. 3. In WPR Step 2, give only cues after students say sound(s) of the phonogram. 4. Apply rules that govern phonogram placement/usage in the writing lesson.

Number(s) Phonogram(s) Cues/Rules WPR Cues1-26 Single Letters none none

27-34 sh, ee, th, ow, ou, oo, ch, ar none none

35 ay "used at the end of a word" say sound only

36 ai "not used at the end of a word because English words do not end in "i" not used

37 oy "used at the end of a word" say sound only

38 oi "not used at the end of a word because English words do not end in "i" not used

39-43 er, ir, ur, wor, ear " word" (her, first, nurse, early) her, first, nurse, early ("wor" does not need cue.)

44-45 ng, ea none none46 aw "used at the end of a word" say sound only

47 au "not used at the end of a word because English words do not end in "u" not used

48 or none none

49 ck 2 letter "used after a single vowel that says its first sound" 2 letter

50-51 wh, ed none none52 ew "used at the end of a word" say sound only

53 ui "not used at the end of a word because English words do not end in "i" not used

54 oa "word" (boat) boat55 gu none none56 ph 2 letters 2 letters57 ough none none58 oe "word" (initially toe) none59 ey none none60 igh 3 letters (initially) none

61 kn 2 letters "used only at the beginning of a word" 2 letters - beginning

62 gn 2 letters "used at the beginning or end of a 2 letters

word"63 wr 2 letters 2 letters64 ie none none

65 dge 3 letters "used after a single vowel that says its first sound" 3 letters

66 ei none none67 eigh 4 letters 4 letters68 ti tall tall69 si none none70 ci short short

Additional Phonograms Rules and Cue Words1. In OPR Step 2, teach cue words and initially ask knowledge questions. 2. In OPR Step 2, ask application questions when students understand the rule. 3. In WPR Step 2, give only cues after students say sound(s) of the phonogram. 4. Apply rules that govern phonogram placement/usage in the writing lesson.

Number(s) Phonogram(s) Cues/Rules WPR Cues

71 tch 3 letters "used after a single vowel that says its first sound in a 1-syllable word" say sound only

72 eo "word" (people) people73 eau 3 letters 3 letters74 augh 4 letters 4 letters75 ce "word" (ocean) ocean76 gh "word" (ghost) ghost77 gi "word" (region) region78 our "word" (journey) journey79 di "word" (soldier) soldier80 cu "word" (biscuit) biscuit81 aigh "word" (straight) straight82 sc "word" (scene) scene83 ge "word" (pigeon) pigeon84 rh "word" (rhyme) rhyme85 eu none none86 sci "word" (conscientious) conscientious87 pn "word" (pneumonia) pneumonia

7. FINALLY, Spalding RULES may be helpful. They are not available online, however, Spalding has given us permission to adapt them for your understanding.

Rule 1: The letter “q” is always followed by “u” and together make the “kw” sound (queen). The “u” is not considered a vowel here.

Rule 2: The letter “c” before “e”, “I”, or “y” says “s” (Cent, city, cycle), but followed by any other letter says “k” (cat, cot, cut).

Rule 3: the letter “g” before “e”, “I”, or “y” may say “j” (page, giant, gym), but followed by any other letter says “g” (gate, go gust). The letters “e” and “I” following “g” do not always make “g” say “j” (get, girl, give).

Rule 4: Vowels “a” “e”, “o”, and “u” usually say their second sounds at the end of a syllable (Nav y, me, o pen, mu sic).

Rule 5: The letters “I” and “y” usually say a short “I” (big, gym), but may say long “i” (silent, my, type).

Rule 6: The letter “y”, not “i”, is used at the end of an English word (my).

Rule 7: There are five kinds of silent final “e’s” (sfe).

Job 1: The first job of the sfe is the vowel, consonant, sfe pattern. The sfe lets the vowel say its second sound.Job 2: The sfe is added to the end of a word because English words do not end in “v” or “u” (love, true)Job 3: The sfe lets “c” and “g” say their second sounds. (dance, large)Job 4: The sef is added to a syllable, that has a consonant and the letter “l”, and sfe is the only vowel in the

syllable. Every syllable must have a vowel.Job 5: The sfe has no job. It is often called the no job “e”.

Rule 8: There are five spellings for the sound “er” including: “’er” (her), “ir” (first), “ur” (nurse), “wor” (works) “ear”

(early). (Her first nurse works early)

Rule 9: For one-syllable words that have one vowel and end in one consonant (hop), write another final consonant

(hop+ped) before adding suffixes (endings) that begin with a vowel.

Rule 10: Words of two syllables (be gin) in which the second syllable (gin) is accented and ends in one consonant, with

one vowel before it, need another final consonant (begin+ning) before adding a suffix (ending that begins with a vowel.

Rule 11: Words ending in a silent final “e” (come) are written without the “e” when adding a suffix (ending) that begins

with a vowel (coming).

Rule 12: After “c” we use “ei” (receive). If we say “a” we use “ei” (vein). In the list of exceptions, we use “ei”. In all

other words, the phonogram “ie” is used.

Rule 13: The phonogram “sh” is used at the beginning or end of a base word (she dish), at the end of a syllable (finish),

but never at the beginning of a syllable after the first one except for the suffix “ship” (worship, friendship).

Rule 14: The phonograms “ti”, “si”, and “ci” are the spellings most frequently used to say “sh” at the beginning of a

second or subsequent syllable in a base word (na tion, ses sion, fa cial).

Rule 15: The phonogram “si” is used to say “sh” when the syllable before it ends in an “s” or when the base word has an

“s” where the base word changes (tense = tension)

Rule 16: The phonogram “si” may also say “zh”, as in vision.

Rule 17: We often double “l”, “f”, “s” following a single vowel at the end of a one-syllable word (will, off, miss).

Rule 18: We often use “ay” to say long “a” at the end of a base word, never “a” alone.

Rule 19: Vowels “I” or “o” may say their second sound if followed by two consonants (find, old).

Rule 20: The letter “s” almost never follows “x”.

Rule 21: “All”, written alone, has two “l’s”, but when written with another syllable, only one “l” is written (also, almost)

Rule 22: “Till and “full”, written alone, have two “l’s”, but when written with another syllable, only one “l” is written

(until, beautiful).

Rule 23: the phonogram “dge” may be used only after a single vowel that says a short “a”, “e”, “I”, “o”, or “u” (badge,

edge, bridge, lodge, budge).

Rule 24: When adding a suffix (ending) to a word that ends with a consonant and “y” use “I” instead of “y” unless the

ending is “ing”. (baby = babies).

Rule 25: The phonogram “ck” may be used only after a single vowel that says a short “a”, “e”, “I”, “o”, or “u” (back,

neck, lick, rock, duck).

Rule 26: Words that are the names of titles of people, places, books, days, or months are capitalized (Mary, Honolulu,

Bible, Monday, July).

Rule 27: Words beginning with the sound “z” are always spelled with “z”, never “s” (zoo).

Rule 28: The phonogram “ed” has three sounds and is used to form the past tense of verbs (reflected, frightened,

searched).

Rule 29: Words are usually divided between double consonants within a base word (but ton, ef fect).

Adapted by permission from Spalding. Taken from the text of The Writing Road to Reading (pp 221-223) and

The Writing road to Reading Participant’s Binder (Spelling pp 11-18).