Space Requirement

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Defence

Works

Functional Standard

Design

&

Maintenance

Guide 08

Space requirements

for

plant

access,

operation

and

maintenance

INDUSTRIALGROUP

(IND GP)

DEFENCE ESTATE

ORGANISATION

(WORKS)

Ministry

ofDefence

London: HMSO

document



©Crown

Copyright

1996

Applications

for

reproduction

should

be

made

to

HMSO,

The

CopyrightUnit,

St Clements

House,

2—16

Colgate,

NorwichNR3

1BQ

ISBN

0

11 772785

7



Space Requirements

Foreword

Thisdocument

provides guidance

on the

provision

to bemadeforaccess to

plant

andthe

space requirements

ortheeffectiveand

safe maintenanceand

operation

of

mechanical/electrical

engineering

ervices

in

buildings

and

facilities.

Thedocument

highlights

he relevant

statutoryobligations

which must be

considered in

planning

he

provision

of

access

and

space

allowanceforservices.

It

sets

out

he

normal principles

whichare usedby

Project Managers

and

Designers

to address their

duty

of

careunder these

statutory

obligations.

TheGuide

should

be

considered asa

design

aid. Due

o

the diverse

natureof

services installations andmanufacturer's

equirements,

itmustnotbetakenas

giving

definitive

guidance

on

spatialrequirements.

This Guide

does notrelieve

Project

Managers

or

Designers

from their

duties ofcare

to

embodystatutory

obligations

and

goodengineeringpractice. Project Managers

have

a

duty

to

ensurethat

building

facilities are fit for

purpose, including maintainability.

Whilst

hisGuide

was

commissioned

by

DEO(W)

or

the

MOD

Estate,

it is

acknowledged

hat itcould be

usefully applied

outside

he Estate.

TheGuide has been reviewedand endorsed

by

theChartered Institutionof

Building

Services

Engineers.

1f

\

CIBSE

Acknowledgement

This

guide

hasbeen

produced

for the Industrial

Group, DEO(W),by

consultant

authorsOve

Arup

& Partners.Comments

and

contributions

by

others in

DEO(W)

and

in

the

building

services

industry

are

gratefully acknowledged.

This

guide

has

been

sponsored by

the

Chief

Safety

Officer,

MOD

and the

lead

TLBHs for works.

This Guide

has

been devised or

the use of he

Crownand

its

contractors

ntheexecution

of

contracts or theCrown. The Crown

hereby

excludesall

liability

other

than

iability

for death or

personal njury)whatsoever

and

howsoever

arising

(including,

but

withoutlimitation,

negligence

on

the

part

of he

Crown

ts

servants

or

agents)

for

any

loss

or

damage

howevercausedwhere

theGuide sused for

any

other

purpose.

Frontcover:

By

kind

permission

of heInternationalConvention

Centre,

Birmingham

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Abbreviations

ACOP

Approved

CodeofPractice

AHU Air

Handling

Unit

ANSI American

NationalStandards Institute

ASHRAE American

Society

of

Heating,Refrigerating

and

Air

Conditioning Engineers

BRECSU

Building

Research

Energy

Conservation Unit

BS British

Standard

BSI British Standards Institution

BSRIA

Building

Services Research Information Association

CIBSE

CharteredInstitution of

Building

Services

Engineers

CHP CombinedHeat and Power

COSHH ControlofSubstances Hazardous to Health

CV Constant

Volume

DEO(W)

Defence

Estate

Organisation

Works)

DWS

Defence Works Services

FD Fire

damper

FCU FanCoilUnit

HSE

Healthand

Safety

Executive

HSC

Health

and

Safety

Commission

HSWA

Health

and

Safety

at

Work

Act

HV

HighVoltage

HVAC

Heating,

Ventilation andAir

Conditioning

HVCA

Heating

and

Ventilating

Contractors' Association

HWS Hot

Water

Service

LTHW Low

TemperatureHot Water

lEE InstitutionofElectrical

Engineers

LV Low

Voltage

MCC

Motor Control Centre

M&E MechanicalandElectrical

MOD

Ministry

of

Defence

NALM National AssociationofLiftManufacturers

NHS National HealthService

O&M

Operating

and

Maintenance

UPS

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

VAV Variable Air Volume

VCD Volume Control

damper

WSM Works Services

Manager

iv

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Contents

FOREWORD

iii

ABBREVIATIONS iv

CONTENTS

v

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1

1.1 SCOPE

OF THE

DOCUMENT

2

1.2

USE

OF THE

GUIDE

3

1.3 DEFINITIONS 4

1.4 KEY 4

2.0

LEGISLATION

AND

GOOD

PRACTICE

GUIDANCE

5

2.1 HEALTHAND

AFETY

5

2.2

STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 6

2.3 GUIDESTOGOODPRACTICE 16

2.4

DEO(W)/DWS

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS 18

3.0 PHILOSOPHY OF PLANTROOMDESIGN 19

3.1 MAINTENANCE

AND

OPERATION ISSUES AFFECTING SPACE 19

ALLOWED

FOR PLANT

3.2

ACCESS,

MAINTENANCE FREQUENCYAND DURATION OF TASK 24

3.3

LOCATION

AND

LAYOUT OF

PLANT

ROOMS

26

3.4 DEVELOPMENT OF

PLANT

SPACES

28

4.0 SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS

33

4.1 MECHANICAL SERVICES ISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 33

DATA HEETS

Dl

Accessto Distribution Ducts and Shafts

35

D2 Ductwork 36

D3 Pipework

.

37

D4 Mechanical Services Risers 38

D5 Horizontal Services Ducts 39

D6

Pipework

Access

-

Common Problems

41

D7

Ductwork Access

-

Common Problems

42

D8 False

Ceilings

and Raised Floors 43

D9 Cross-overs 44

4.2 ELECTRICAL SERVICES DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMS 45

DATA HEETS

D1O Controlanels nd Distributionoards 47

Dli

Electrical Services

-

Vertical Risers 48

5.0 COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS 49

5.1

CENTRAL STATION PLANT

-

MECHANICAL

50

DATA SHEETS

JULY1996 V



Space Requirements

5.1.1

LTHW

BOILERS 50

M1.1

Modular Boilers

Space Requirements

52

M1.2 Cast Iron Sectional and Steel Boilers

Space Requirements

53

Ml

3

Modular Boilers

Space

Details

54

Ml 4 Cast Iron Sectional and Steel Boilers

Space

Details 55

Ml

5 Fuel

Oil Storage

Space

Requirements

56

Ml

6 Fuel Oil

Storage

Tanks

Space

Details 57

5.1.2 LIQUIDCHILLERS

58

M2.1

Summary

of

Space Requirements

60

M2.2

Packaged

Air

Cooled Chillers

Space

Details

61

M2.3 Water Cooled Chillers

Space

Details 62

M2.4 Hermetic

Absorption

Chillers

63

5.1.3 PUMPS 64

M3.l

Circulating Pumps Space

Details 66

M3.2 Booster Sets: Fire Protection, Drinking and Domestic Water 67

Space

Details

5.1.4

PRESSURISATION UNITS

68

M4.1 Pressurisation

Units

Space Requirements

69

M4.2 Pressurisation

Units

Space

Details 70

5.1.5 WATER

TREATMENTAND WATERSOFTENING 71

M5.1 Water Treatment

andWater

Softening Space

Details 72

5.1.6 WATERSTORAGE 73

M6.1

Summary

of

Space

Requirements

75

M6.2 Cold Water Storage Space Details 76

M6.3 HotWater

StorageSpace

Details 77

5.1.7 AIR HANDLINGUNITS 78

M7.1

Summary

of

Space Requirements

80

M7.2

AHUs General Points 81

M7.3

AHUs

Space

Details 82

M7.4 Floor

by

FloorAHUs

Space

Details 83

5.1.8 FANS 84

M8.1

Summary

of

Space Requirements

86

M8.2

Centrifugal

and Axial Fans

Space

Details 87

5.1.9 HEATREJECTION

88

M9.1

Summary

of

Space Requirements

90

M9.2

Cooling

Towers

Space

Details 91

M9.3 Air Cooled

Condensers

Space

Details 92

5.1.10 LIFTS 93

vi

JULY1996



Space Requirements

5.2 CENTRAL

STATIONPLANT

-

ELECTRICAL

95

5.2.1 HV EQUIPMENT

95

El

1

HV

Switchgear

-

Indoor:

Space

Details and

Summary

of

97

Space Requirements

El 2 Cast Resin and

Dry Type

Transformers

Space

Detailsand

98

Summary

of

Space Requirements

El 3 IndoorSubstationswith Cast Resinor

Dry Type

Transformers

100

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

El.4 Oil Filled Transformers and Transformer

Compounds Space

102

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

El 5 Substationswith Oil Filled Transformers

Space

Details and

104

Summary

of

Space Requirements

El 6

Ring

Main Units

Space

Details

106

El

7

Packaged

Substations

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

107

5.2.2 LV

SWITCHGEAR

AND

COMPONENTS

109

E2.1 Main

LV

Switchboards

-

Front Access:

Space

Details

110

and

Summary

of

Space Requirements.

E2.2 Main LV Switchboards

-

Rear access:

Space

Details

and 112

Summary

of

Space

Requirements.

E2.3

LV Switchboardsand MotorControl Centres

Space

Details 114

5.2.3 UNINTERRUPTIBLE

POWER SUPPLIES 115

E3.1 Static UPS

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements.

116

E3.2

Rotary

UPS

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements.

117

E3.3

Battery

Rooms

Space

Detailsand

Summary

of 119

Space

Requirements.

5.2.4 ROTATING MACHINERY 121

E4.l Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

Basic Generator Room: 122

Space

Details

and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

E4.2

Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

Generator Room withAcoustic Louvres: 124

Space

Detailsand

Summary

of

Space Requirements

E4.3 Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

Generator Room withAcoustic Enclosure: 126

Space

Details

and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

E4.4

Rotary Frequency

Convertors

Space

Details and

Summary

of 128

Space Requirements

6.0 DESIGN CERTIFICATES

129

6.1 CHECKLISTS

129

ANNEX A INSTALLATION CHECKLISTS

131

ANNEX B CHANGE SUGGESTION FORM 138

JULY1996 Vii



Space Requirements

1 Introduction

Space,

and

the

cost of

providing space,

for

plant

and

building

services

distribution soften ata

premium.

Pressuretoreduce he

spatial

requirements

for

building

services installations s hereforean understandable element of he

overall

design

process.

However,

considerable

care

is

required

f

building

servicesare

to be

designed

and

nstalled to

provide

adequate

pace for

the

safe

and

efficient

maintenanceof

the installations.

Difficultiescan

arise with

meetingstatutory

levels

of

accessto

safely

maintain

the installation f

pace

is

inadequate.

In

extreme

cases a

significant

amountof

additional work

may

have

to

be undertaken

after

completion

of he

building

to

ensure

compliance

with

statutoryrequirements.

Even whensafeaccess is

provided,

accessto

component

parts

can

be so restricted

that the costof

maintaining

hese

parts

imposes

a

significant

additional

operating

cost on the maintenance of he

building, e.g.

if

part

of

he

system

or

plantroom

enclosurehas to bedismantled.

Where

a

component

needsregnlar

replacement

duringthe

life

of

he

building,

consideration must be

given

to how

this

is to be achieved without

ncurring

excessive cost

in the

dismantling

of

arge

sectionsof he installationor

building

fabrictofacilitateremoval.

Given theabove

considerations,

the

purpose

of

hisGuide

is

to

provide

a

checklist

for

designers

and installers norder

that

these

problems

can be addressedand

mitigated against

atthe

design/construction stage.

To

provide

a

systematic

method of

assessing

the

provision

of

space

andaccess in

a

nstallation,

Design

Certificates are

proposed

in thisGuidewhichoffera

framework tocheck the

adequacy

of

space

allowances. These

Design

Certificates

are,

in

essence,

a

formal

wayof

checking

and

recording space

and

access

provision

at

key stages

of the

designdevelopment through

tohandover.

The Guide s

primarily

concernedwith

provision

of

pace

and

access which will

affect

the

health

and

safety

ofstaff

operating, maintaining, epairing

and

replacing

elements of

building

services.

However,

itdoes not address all

design

issues or all healthand

safety

considerations

relating

tothose

services. (For

example,

the Guidedoes

not address he

requirements

o

supervise persons

working

alone n

plant

ooms,

nordoes itaddress heneedto

provide

a route to

plant

rooms sheltered rom weatherextremes.

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 1 Introduction

1.1 SCOPE OF THEDOCUMENT

The

aim of

hisGuideisto

provide:

-

guidance

and

a

checklist

at

theoutline

designstage;

-

a checklistat

detail

designstage;

-

a

final

checklist

at

snagging/completionstage

to

minimise

the risk

of

acceptance

of

building

servicesthat cannotbe

efficiently

and

safely

maintainedor

replaced.

Due to the

diversity

in

type, configuration

and

possible

locationof

plant,

it is

not

possible

forthisdocument to

give

definitive

guidance

for all installationsand

therefore he

designer/installer

in

complying

with

this

Guide

snotrelieved from

complying

with all relevant

statutoryrequirements,

British Standardsand he

specific

recommendations

of

manufacturers.

It should however allow

comparison

between he

proposed

plant

space

and

what

may

be consideredthe normal allowance for

a

similar nstallation.Where these

differ,

the

design

shouldbe

scrutinised

to ensure

hat

sufficientspace

has

been

allowed

to

adequately

maintain the installations.

This should be

completed by

reference to the check lists contained in thisdocument.

ThisGuide also

specifies

what is consideredtobe sufficient access

by

defining

levels

of

access

and

frequency

of

access

required

to

commonly

found

items of

plant

and

equipment, e.g.

clearand mmediate accessfor

plant

which s

maintained

requently.

At

the

completion

of

he

designstage

and

again

at

practical

completion stage

those

responsible

for the

design/construction

of the installationshouldconfirm

by

completion

of he forms included inAnnex Aof hisdocument that he

installation

has

been

designed

and installed

to

meet

the

requirements

of

he

Guide. The

project sponsor

wouldbe

responsible

for distribution

of he

Design

Certificates.

In

general

he

Guide

is intended

o be

applied

o

modern

buildings.

In the case

of

new

design

workforhistoric

buildings

the

recommendations

in this

Guide must

notbe

applied

unthinkingly

n

the contextof

building

conservation. For

example:

•

False

ceilings

and raised floorsare

very

often

inappropriate

n historic

settings,

orif

used

should

be of

an

appropriatequality.

•

Service ducts should

not

damage

historic fabric.

•

Siting

ofexternalservices features such as fuel

storage

anks should

respect he setting

of

historicbuildings.

For

specialised applications

such

as

hardened

facilities,

explosives storage,

etc,

space provision

is

required

which

is

beyond

the

scope

of

his

document. The

Designer

should seekadvice from therelevantWorks Technical

Authority

at

DEO(W).

2 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section1 Introduction

1.2USE OF

THE

GUIDE

1.2.1 Structure

of

he Guide

The Guide s

divided

into

five

main

sections;

these

are:

SECTION2

Legislation

andGood Practice Guidance

Defines

the

statutory requirements

mbodiedinvarious health and

safety

regulations

and the

implications

on the

provision

of

space

andaccess for

installation,

maintenance

epair

and

replacement.

The

guides

o

good practice

which

provide

quantitative

ecommendations of

space

provision

are also

summarised.

SECTION3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

Defines

the main hazards

that a

designer

should consider inariskassessment

exercise

when

considering

the

provision

of

space

andaccess

ina

plantroom.

The

principles

ofplantroom

ayout, location

and

connection

to

primary

distribution

routes are discussed. This section

pulls

together

he considerationsdetailed

n

Section

5

(Component Requirements)

to

illustrate

the

practical

issuesof

combining

main

plant

items with

ancillaryequipment,

e.g.

shared

space

for

maintenance

activities on different

plant

tems.

The variation

in the

requirement

for

access

due

to

frequency

of

maintenance

tasks and their duration s also

defined.

SECTION

4

SystemRequirements

Defines the access and

space requirements

of

distribution

ystems; pipework,

ductwork,

cabling,

ete,

invertical andhorizontal

distribution

arrangements.

The

requirements

of

co-ordinated services

in

false

ceiling

voidsand

raised

floors

are

defined. To assist the

designer

or thoseinvolvedwith

checking

of

existing

installations,

commonproblems

with

access

to

pipework

and

ductwork

are

discussed.

SECTION5

ComponentRequirements

Eachelementofcentral

plant

formechanicalandelectrical services

is considered

individually

and he access and

space

requirements

o

safely

install andmaintain

the installation are

defined.

Typicalranges

of

space requirements

are

quoted

and

the

disposition

of

hat

space

indicated

diagrammatically

in the

plant

datasheets.

The

risk

assessment ssues

which

affect

space provision

aredefined. Cross-

reference

is made

o

Health

and

Safety Regulations,

Codesof

Practice,

British

Standardsand

guides

to

good practice

for each

plant

item.

SECTION

6

Design

Certificates

The

Design

Certificate

is

to

be used

toconfirmthat the

design

conforms

with the

recommendations in thisGuide.

The

certificates will

be based

upon

a

series

of

checklistsfor various

stages

of the

procurement procedure;

outline

design,

detail

design

andhandover. The evel ofdetail of he checklists

will

ncrease as the

project proceeds through

hat

sequence.

JULY1996 3



Space Requirements

Section 1 Introduction

1.2.2

DataSheets

Thebulk of he

information

on

access

and

space

requirements

or distribution

systems

and central

plant

itemshasbeen

presented

ondatasheets.These data

sheets

present

information inaconsistent andconcisefashion.

The

commentary

which

accompanies

the data sheethasbeen streamlined o

impart

only

the basic

information

on

access

and

space

requirement, or installationand

maintenance

andassociated riskassessment.

If

further

details of

he

rationale

behind

a

particular

recommendation

is

required

these can be

found

by cross-referencing

to

Regulations,

Codes

of

Practice,

British

Standards,

and

guides

to

good practice given

in

Section 2.

Itis

not

expected

that the

plant

data

sheets will be read

by

the user in

sequence;

the Guide is more

likely

o

be used as a reference

document

selecting

datasheets

to

obtain

he

relevant

piece

of nformation on a

particular plant

item.

They

have therefore been made as

self

ontained as

possible

with some

duplication

of

nformation;

e.g.

reference

in

eachsub-section

to

pertinent

health and

safety

egislation.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

Designer

The

organisation responsible

to,

andwhohasadirect or indirect

contract with the

project

manager

for the

design

of he

building

services

installations.

Installer

The

organisation responsible to,

andwhohasadirect contractwiththe

project

manager

for

the

installationof

building services

plantand

equipment.

ProjectManager

PM)

An

official

of

heMOD

or commercial

representative esponsible

for the

purpose

of

management

and administrationofworks coveredwithinthisGuide. Forwork

within

the

remit of

he

WSM,

the

term

PM should

be

read

asWSM.

Outline

Design

The

stage

when the

disposition

and

approximate

sizeof

he

plantroom

and

distribution

pace

allowances are

being

determined.

Detail

Design

The

point

in

time when he

designdrawings

are

complete,

but

prior

to

the

commencement

of

nstallation/fabrication drawings.

Completion

When

practical completion

certificate is

being

sought.

1.4

KEY

The

followingsymbols

re used

hroughout

he

guide

fl

Shaded

areas around

plant plans

andelevations

to

show

space

allowance

for maintenanceand

access.

1100

AlL dimensions are inmm.

Allclearance dimensions shouldbeconsidered as minimaandshouldbe

checked

against

manufacturer's/installation

requirements

4

JULY1996



Space Requirements

2

Legislation

and

Good

Practice

Guidance

2.1

HEALTH

AND

SAFETY

There

is

a

significant

amount of

egislation

which affects the

provision

ofaccess

and

space

formechanicalandelectrical services.This

is

argely

embodiedin

Regulations flowing

from

the

enabling

Health and

Safety

atWork Act 1974.

The

principal Regulations

are as

follows:

•

Management

ofHealth

and

Safety Regulations

1992

•

Workplace (Health, Safety

andWelfare)

Regulations

1992

•

Provision

and

Use ofWork

Equipment Regulations

1992

•

Construction

(Design

and

Management) Regulations

1994

•

Manual

HandlingOperations Regulations

1992

•

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations

1989

•

Pressure

Systems

and

Transportable

Gas Containers

Regulations

1989

Whilst he

provision

ofaccessand

space

for safe maintenance and

operation

is

referred

to in

these

regulations

there

is a

dearthof

detailed guidance

on the

allowances which should be

made.

The

generalrequirement

of

"adequate"

or

"sufficient"

space

is

often

quoted

but

is

rarelyquantified.

Therearesome useful

guidance

documents and standardswhich

provide

some

quantitative

guidance, e.g.

BSRIATechnical

Notes,

BS

8313,

NHSPublications

etc. but

hese tend

to

be the

exceptions.

A

summary

of he

scope

of

he

relevant Health

and

Safety Regulations

is

given

in

sub-section 2.2.

Designers

arenot to

ignore

the actual

Regulations,

Codes

ofPractice

and

guidance

notes,

etc.

The

commentary

in theschedule

provides only

an

outline;

t is

essential

that

the relevant

Regulations,

Codes

of

Practice

and

guidance notes

are referred

to

before applying

this

information.

JULY1996

5



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation

and

Good Practice Guidance

2.2 STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS

A

summary

of

egislation

and

regulations

which

affect

the

provision

ofaccess and

space

is

shown in Tables 2.1-2.8. Inaddition

to

describing

the

statutory

instrument,

the

associated codes

of

practice,guidance

notes and

approved

documents

are

also noted.

To make

cross-referencing

easiera

coding

system

susedtoreference each

document:

-

Regulations

*

sequence

number

R*/ACOP

-

Approved

Code

of

Practice

R* GN

-

Guidance Note

*

sequence

number

R* AD

-

Approved

Document

6 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation

and


Table

2.1

Management

of

Health and

Safety

at

Work

Regulations

1992

REFERENCE STATUTORY NSTRUMENT

Ri

Management

ofHealth and

Safety

atWork

Regulations

1992.

Ref:

SI

1992

No.2051

These Regulations impose

a

dutyon

employers

to

develop

a

systematic approach

to risk

management

to ensure the

workplace

is

safe and

healthy

for their

Date:

1

Janua'

1993

employees

and

others

who

may

be

affected

by

their

activity.

It

provides

a

framework

to

carry

out a risk assessment

and

organise

measures

o

prevent

or

minimise those

risks,

and set

upsystems

for

on-going

surveillance.

As

part

of heirduties under these

Regulations,

the

employer

must

carry

out risk

assessmentof the variousactivities carriedoutatthe

workplace, including

maintenanceand

repair

ofmechanical and electrical

systems serving

the

workplace. Specificrequirements

are

amplified

in other

regulations

suchas

R2,

R3, R5,

R6.

These Regulations require:

•

risk

assessment

of

he

workplace

for the

employees

andothersaffected

by

their

activities;

•

preventative/protective

measures tobe

put

in

place arising

from therisk

assessment;

•

health surveillance

appropriate

o the

risks;

•

appointment

of

persons

esponsible

for

preventative/protective measures;

•

emergency procedures;

•

provision

of

nformation

for

those involvedin risk

assessment,

preventative/protective strategies,emergency procedures;

•

co-operation

between

employers

who

share

a

premises;

•

training

and

nstructions or use of

machinery, dangerous

ubstances,

etc;

•

provisions

for

temporary

works.

Ri/ACOP

Approved

Code

of

Practice.

Ref: HSC

-

L21 Provides clarification of he

Regulations

and

guidance

onhow

they

should be

implemented.

This

documentsetsout the

generalprinciples

ofrisk

assessment,

Date:

1992

healthand

safety arrangements,

health

surveillance,

etc.

JULY1996 7



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation

and


Table

2.2

Workplace (Health, Safety

&

Weltare) Regulations

1992


R2

Ref:

SI

1992

No.3004

Dates:

1

January

1993for new

workplaces

in use after

31 December

1992

1

January

1996for

existing workplaces.

(Schedule

2 of the

Regulations

will

continue

to

apply

until that

date).

Workplace Health,Safety

and

Welfare) Regulations

992

These

Regulations replace

a

considerable

amount

of

existing

egislation contained

in the Factories Act

1961, Offices,

Shops

and

Railway

Premises Act 1963and

others.

They

are

applicable

to all

workplaces except

meansof

ransport,

construction

sites,

sites where mineral

resources

are extractedand

fishing

boats.

They

setoutthe

generalrequirements

or

the

working

environment,

safety

facilities and

housekeeping.

These focus

onthe

specific

issues which affect the

quality

of he

working

environment

suchas

temperature,

ventilation, lighting, cleanliness,etc.

The

Regulations impose

duties on the

employer

and

personshaving

control

of he

workplace

toensurethat the

workplace

is fit for

purpose,

witha

healthy

and

clean environment

and

he

equipment

and

systems

are

properly

maintained.

These

Regulations

require

the

workplace, equipment

and

devices

to be

maintained o

function

efficiently

(from

the

view-point

ofhealth and

safety).

In

this

process, provisions

should

be

made

o

permit

maintenance o

be

carriedout

properly

and atsuitable ntervals.Referenceismade

o

BS8210

(Guide

to

building

maintenance

management)

and also to other Health

and

Safety

Regulations.

The

Regulationsrequire

trafficroutes

to

be suitable

n

terms of

strength

and

stability

for

the

loads whichwill

be

mposed.

Hence there is a

requirement

o

assessthe

suitability

of

egress/ingress

routes for

replacement

of

majorplant

components.

The

Regulationsrequire

that

measures

are taken

to

prevent

fallsfrom

heights,

in

particular

work

platforms

and

addersabove 2m

in

height.

These

Regulations

require

health and

safety

issues

to be addressed or:

•

maintenanceof he

workplace

and of

equipment,

devicesand

systems;

•

theinternal

environment, ventilation, temperature,humidity,

lighting;

•

workstations and

seating;

•

sanitary

and

washing

acilities;

•

drinking

water;

•

minimum space for occupied rooms;

•

provision

of

safe and suitable rafficroutes

(includes themovement of

plant

and

equipment);

•

protection

from

falling

rom

heights.

R2/ACOP

Ref:

HSC L24

Date: 1992

Approved

Code

of

Practice.

Provides

clarification

of he

Regulations

and

guidance

for

their

mplementation.

The

duty

of

ensuring

he

workplace, equipment,

devices

and

systems

are

properly

maintained s

explained.

S

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation

and Good Practice Guidance

Table2.3

Provision and Use

ofWork


REFERENCE

STATUTORY NSTRUMENT

R3 ProvisionandUse

of

Work


1992

Ref:

SI

1992

No.2932

These Regulations combine

all

the

existing

statutory requirements elating

to

equipment

used

at

work.The

Regulations place

a

duty

on the

employer

to ensure

Dates:

thatwork

equipment

is

safein use

anddefines minimum

requirements.

The

1

January

1993

definitionofwork

equipment

is

wide;

from fork ift trucksto

portable

drills. The

General

requirements

definitionof use'covers the

starting,

stopping,

transporting,

epairing,

apply

to

existing

modiing,

maintaining,

servicing

and

cleaning

of

equipment.

equipment, specific

Employers'

general

duties

nclude:

requirements

only apply

to

new

equipment.

•

equipment

which

s

selected

is

safe

and suitablefor the

task and

he

working conditions;

1

January

1997

Specific

.

.

ensunng

that

equipment

s

properlymaintained;

requirementsapply

toall

work

equipment.

• providing raining and

information

on the

equipment.

Employers' specific

duties

include:

•

maintenance

of

equipment;

•

protection

from

dangerous parts

of the

equipment

andfrom

specific

hazards;

•

isolation of

equipment

from

power

sources;

Equipment

covered

by

these

Regulations

include:

•

equipment

which

operates

at

high

or low

temperatures,

•

controls

and

control systems;

•

stability

of

equipment.

R3/CN1

Work

Equipment.

Ref: HSE L22 Provides

guidance

on

the

Regulations; guidance

on

general

issues

such as

suitability

ofwork

equipment, maintenance,

information

and

instructions,

to

Date: 1992

specificrequirements

or

lighting, emergency stop controls,

isolation from

power

sources,

etc.

JULY1996

9



Space Requirements

Section 2

Legislation


Table2.4 Construction

(Design

and


1994

REFERENCE

STATUTORY NSTRUMENT

R4 Construction

(Design

and


994

Ref:

SI

1994

No.3140

The

CDMRegulations impose

mandatoryduties on

clients, designers

and

contractors

to

minimise

risks to

construction

workers

and o

those

who

will

Date:

31

March

1995

eventually

maintainand

repair

the

building,

with

consideration also

of he

demolition

process.

Therefore

the

designer

must

avoid

causingany

foreseeable

health and

safety

risks

to

those

persons constructing,

maintaining,

cleaning

or

demolishing

the

building.

Hence

in the

planning

of

plant

ooms

and

he distributionofmechanical and

electrical services around

the

building

the

designer

has

duties to ensure there is

sufficient access

and

space provision.

The

designer

must

undertake

arisk

assessment

o

identify

hazards

in

construction

and

maintenance ctivities.

In

terms

of

access and

space

requirements

he

designer

must

consider

for

example:

•

space

needed forremoval

and

handling

of

plant

components.

Sufficient

space

must be

provided

for safe manual

handling

or to

facilitate

he

use of

mechanical

lifting

devices;

see

alsoR6.

•

provision

ofsafe access

to

plant

components

at

high

level

to

prevent

falling

from

height.

The

guidance

notes which

accompany

he

Regulations

(see

R4/GN1&

R4IGN2)

define the duties

of

he

designer,

contractor

and

client

and

provide

moredetailed

guidance

for the risk assessment

xercise.

However,

none

of

he

accompanying

guidance

to

these

Regulations provide explicit

information

on

space

allowances.

The aim of hese

Regulations

is

to

improve

the

health

and

safety

ofconstruction

workers

by

placing

newduties on

clients,

their

agents,

designers

and

contractors.

These

duties extend

from

the initial

conceptdesign hrough

o the

execution of

works

on siteand

subsequent

maintenance

and

repair.

A

new role is

defined,

that

of

Planning

Supervisor

(PS),

to

identify

he main hazards

and risk andco-

ordinate

he

designers

in the

process

of

risk

management.

Two documentsare

required

n this

process:

•

The Health

and

Safety Plan;

Thisdocument contains

he

Health

and

Safety

information related

to

the

desigupreparedby

the

design

team

and he

PS. This

will

alert

Tenderers

to

hazards and risks

associated

with

the

construction works.

•

The Health

and

Safety

File;

This

may

consist

of

as-built

specifications

and

drawings

and

can

be

considered

as an

enlarged operation

andmaintenancemanual

for

the

building.

The

file

will contain

nformation

on

operation

and

maintenance

of

plant

and

equipment,procedures

for

cleaning

and

repairing

he

fabric,

and

design

oadings

for structural elements.

The

Regulations require

a

more formal

approach

o risk

management

nthe

construction

process

from all thoseinvolved

in

the

procurement

procedure.

10

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation


Table2.4

Construction

(Design

and


1994

(continued)

REFERENCE

STATUTORY NSTRUMENT

R4/ACOP

Approved

Codeof Practice.

Ref:

HSC L54 Provides guidance

on the

application

of

he

Regulations,

definesduties of

client,

designers, principal

contractorand

planning upervisor.

Provides methods for

Date:

1995

satisfying

the

requirements

of

he

Regulations

albeit

in

general

erms.

R4/GN1

Managing

Health and

Safety

n

Construction.

Ref:

HSE

C100 Provides

guidance

on how to

comply

withtheCDM

Regulations

forall thosewith

responsibilities

under the

Regulations

Itdefines when he

Regulations

are

Date: 1995

applicable.

The

design

process

is

tracked rom

concept

through

tohandover

identifying

the

duties ofeach of

he

main

members

in

the

design

and

procurement

teams.

Examples

are

given

as

tohowthe

Regulations

will be

interpreted

in

practice.

R4/6N2

Designing

for

Health

and

Safety

in

Construction.

Ref:

HSE Provides

guidance

to

theCDM

Regulations

for

designers

and

outlines

the

principles

of

designing

for health and

safety

in

construction work.

Guidance is

Date: 1995

given

on the

types

ofhazards and risks whichcanoccur in

construction,

maintenance and

repair

of

a

building

inorderto assist the

designer

nrisk

assessment.

JULY1996

11



Space Requirements Section 2

Legislation

andGood Practice Guidance

Table2.5

Electricity

at Work

Regulation

1989

REFERENCE

STATUTORY NSTRUMENT

R5

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations

1989

Ref:

SI

1989 No.635 These Regulations impose

duties on

employers

and

employees

to

minimise

risk

associatedwith the useofelectrical

equipment; fixed, portable

and self

powered.

Date: 1

Apnl

1990

The

Regulations require adequatespace

and

means ofaccess

to

be

provided

wherework is carried

out

on

electrical

equipment.

These

Regulations

supersede

he

Electricity

(Factories Act)

Special Regulations

1908& 1944.

They

are

applicable

to all

places

wherework is carried

out

using

electricity

andcover

all

electrical

equipment,

including

fixed,

portable

and

self-

powered.

Thereisnodistinction between

HighVoltage

and

Low

Voltage

installations.The

Regulations place

a

duty

on

employers

and

employees

and

detail the

principles

ofelectrical

safety

rather han

try

ocover

specific

cases. The

Regulations

fall into two distinct

categories

with

some

imposing

an

absolute

duty

and

others

allowing

a

so

far

as is

reasonably practical' interpretation.

These

regulations require:

•

systems

to

beconstructed

and maintained

o

prevent danger

to

persons;

•

equipment

to be

suitable

for

use

in its ocation

and

environmental

conditions;

•

all

conductorsto be

suitably nsulated,

protected

or located so as

to

prevent

danger;

•

systems

and

equipment

to

be

correctly

earthed;

•

systems

to have suitable

protection

against

overcurrent

anda

means

of

isolation;

•

precautions

to

be takenwhilst

working

on dead

equipment

to

prevent

t

becominglive;

•

no

person

shall be

engaged

in

any

work

activity

on

orso

near

a ive

conductor (other thanone

suitably

covered with

insulating

materialsoas

to

preventdanger)

that

danger may

arise.

(Note:

subject

to

a

number

of

exceptions

defined

in

the

Regulations);

•

adequate

working

space, lighting

and

means

ofaccess

to be

provided

wherework iscarried out on electrical

equipment;

•

persons

o be

competent

to

carry

out he work involved or be under

suitable

supervision.

R5/CN1

Memorandum

of

guidance

on the

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations.

Ref:

HSE

HS(R)25

Provides

guidance

onthe

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations 1989, excluding

the

Regulations applicable

to

mines and

quarries.

Provides

background

information

Date: 1989

explaining

the

reasoning

behind the

regulations

withmethods for

satisfying

the

requirements

of

he

Regulations

in

general

erms.

12

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 2

Legislation


Table2.6 The

Manual

Handling Operations Regulations

1992


R6

Manual

Handling Operations

Regulations

992

Ref:

SI

1992

No.2793

These Regulations impose

a

dutyon

employers

to

assess the manualhandling

procedures

carriedout

by

their

employees

inthe course of heir

workplace

Date: 1

January

1993

activities. This will extend to the installation

and

maintenance

of

M&E services

and

overlap

with other Health and

Safety Regulations.

Adequate pace

must be

provided

for

correct

manual

handling

of

plant

components

up

todefinedlimits. Thereafter heuseofmechanical

lifting

and

handling

devicesmust be

considered,

whichwill

havea

significant

influence

on

space provision

around the

plant

tem and

along

the route

of

egress

from

the

building.

TheGuidance

Note L23

clearly

defines

the limits on manual

handling

for

particular iftingheights

andmaximum loads

-

see

Section 3.1 which discusses

the

issues

in

more detail.

Duties

are

placed

on

employers

to assess risks

and

put

in

place

measures

o

minimise those

risks.

Employees

have

a

duty

to

make use

of hose measures

put

in

place

for

their

protection.

These

Regulations

should be

read

in

conjunction

with the

Management

ofHealth

and

Safety

atWork

Regulations

(Ri)

which

impose

a

general duty

on

employers

to

carry

outarisk assessmentof heir

employees

in the

workplace.

Where

the

possibility

of

risks to

employees

frommanual

handling

is dentified from therisk

assessment

xercise,

these

Regulations

should

then be

observed.

These Regulations

set

a

hierarchyof

measures:

•

avoid hazardous manual

handling

as far as

reasonably

practicable;

•

assess

any

hazardousmanual

handling

operations

thatcannotbe

avoided;

•

reduce riskof

njury

as far as

practicable;

R6/GN1

Manual

Handling

Guidance

on

Regulations

Ref:

HSEL23 Provides

guidance

to

satisfy

he

Regulations

intermsofmanual

handling

techniques

and limits on

safe

manageable

loads

for

different

reach

heights

and

Date.1992

postures.

The threshold wheremechanical

lifting

devices are usedisaddressed

and

he

types

of

devices which

can be used are

thscussed.

JULY1996

13



Space Requirements

Section 2

Legislation


Table2.7 The

Pressure

Systems

and

Transportable

GasContainers

Regulations

1989


Ri

Pressure

Systems

and

Transportable

Gas Containers

Regulations

989

Ref:

SI

1989

No.2169

These Regulations

replaceparts of he

Factories

Act

1961 which

relate to the

safety

of

pressure

systems

and heir

mechanical

integrity.They apply

o

Date: 1

July

1990

compressed

air

plant,

steam and

pressurised

hot

water

plant

and

various

pressurisedgassystems.

The

Regulations

call fora

regime

of

systematic

examination

and

esting

of

pressure

plant.

Awritten

scheme

of

examination

is

required

for all

protective

devices,

pressure

vessels

and

relevant

pipework.

Thusaccess and

space

mustbe

provided

to

permit

the

regular

inspection

of

hese

system

elements.

Furthermore,

or the

installation,

operation

and

maintenance

of

hese

systems

there

s

a

duty

to

provide

safe access

to

the

plant.

R7/ACOP

Safety

of Pressure

Systems

-

Approved

CodeofPractice

Ref:

HSC Provides

guidance

on

the

application

of he

Regulations.

This

Code

gives

a

broad

outline of he

principles

which

apply

to

pressuresystems.

There

are,

however a

Date: 1990

number of other

ACOPs

and

guidance

notesnot

cited

here

which offer

guidance

to the

duties under

the

Regulations;

these are listed

inthis

ACOP.

14 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation


Table2.8

The

Building Regulations

1991

REFERENCE

STATUTORY

NSTRUMENT

R8 The

BuildingRegulations

1991: Part

Bi Means of

Escape

Ref: SI 1991No.2768 These

Regulations

make

provisions

for

public

health and

safety

in new

building

works

and

applyto new

build,

refurbishmentand

extensions. Section

Bi

requires

Date: amended 1992

that the

building

be

designed

and constructed

othat there

are

means

of

escape

inthe case of ire.

R8/AD

Approved

Document

B

Ref: DOE The

approved

document

provides

an

interpretation

of

he

general equirements

cited inthe

Regulations.

It

gives guidance

onthemaximum travel distances and

Date:

1992

number of

escape

routes fora

variety

of

building

types

and

plantroom spaces.

JULY1996

15



Space Requirements

Section

2

Legislation


2.3 GUIDES TO GOOD

PRACTICE

There are

many guides

oactivities involved in

maintaining

mechanical and

electrical services

and theco-ordinationand

management

ofmaintenance

strategies.

However,

the references cited belowhavebeen limited to

thosewhich

provide

useful

quantitative guidance.

This

sub-section

provides

a

summary

of

those references

which

provide

a

quantitativeguideto the

provision

of

space

for

servicesandaccess.

In

addition,

information should be

sought

from manufacturers

as,

forcertain

plant items,

their

ecommendations willbe

governing

factors

affecting space

provision, e.g. separation

of air

cooled

chillers

rom

each

other

andfrom

enclosures.

Gi

Space

and

Weight

Allowances for

Building

Services Plant:

Inception Stage Design

-

Technical Note TN

9/92

BSRIA. 1993.

Space

requirements

are

given

for

various mechanical

and

electrical services

plantrooms.

General

plant

arrangements

are

given

forboiler

rooms,

chiller

rooms,

air

handlingplant

andelectrical

switchgear. Space

and

weight provisions

are summarised for

a

range

of

plant

capacities.

The

document

is

ntended

o

be

used

for

space

planning

at

the outline

stage

of

design.

G2

Space

Allowance

or

Building

Services:Detail

design stage

-

Technical Note

TN1O/92

BSRIA 1992.

Space

requirements

are

given

for the

purpose

of nstallation

andmaintenance of

pipework, ductwork, cabling

etc. The

guide

is

ntendedfor the detail

designstage

where

space provision

is

given for

various

pipework

types,

techniques for

insulating

he service etc.TheGuide

restricts itself

o

distribution

services.It

does

not

cover

detail

design

issues ofcentral

plant,

terminalunits or false

ceiling

and

raisedfloor co-ordinationoraccess.

G3

BS 8313-

Codeof Practice forAccommodation of

Building

Services in Ducts

(Formerly

CP413).

BSl. 1989.

Provides

recommendationson

the

design,

construction and nstallationof

ixed

ducts. This includes

pace provisions

for safe

access,

installationand

maintenance

of

service

ducts.The

influence

of

he

frequency

ofmaintenance

on

the

provision

of

access

is addressed

n the

Code

of

Practice. Anthropometric

data

is

given

for the

fundamental

analysis

of

space requirements

or maintenanceor

installationactivities. TheCodeofPractice concentrates

primarily

on

space

provisions

forair

ducts,

considering

methods of

ointing,

insulation

and

he

relationship

of

he

duct

toenclosure walls.

16 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section2

Legislation

andGood Practice

Guidance

04 Health Technical Memorandum 2023

-

AccessandAccommodation

for

Engineering

Services NHS Estates 1995

Volume

1

Management Policy

-

provides

a

strategicguide

to

space

requirements

and

accessformechanical

and

electrical services for

chief

executives/general managers

whohave

responsibility

for

services

installations

and

maintenance. Reference

is made o

Health

and

Safety legislation.

Volume

2


-

provides

recommendation

on

space

requirements

of

central

plant

and

distribution

ystems

for

mechanical andelectrical

services.

The main thrust of hedocument is

understandably

directed to

hospital

applications,

although

some of

he

guidance

is relevant to

general

applications.

05

BS

8210

-

Building

Maintenance

Management.

BSl. 1986.

This

BS

provides guidance

on

a

systematic

approach

o

management

of

building

maintenance.

It

addressesboth fabric

and

engineering

services maintenance

requirements.

The issue

ofsafe access for

inspection

and maintenance

activities

isdiscussed

and how the health

and

safety

requirements

pertaining

at

that time

c1986)

influence that work.

Thedecision

to

make

provision

for

permanent

or

temporary

accessisconsidered

and he

standards whichneed

to

be adhered

to

when

using adders,scaffolding,

cradles,

mobile scaffold towers and

powered equipment

such as scissor

lifts,

etc.

G6

Designing

for

Maintainability

-

Application

Guide 11/92. BSRIA1992.

ThisGuidehasbeen

produced

in

conjunction

withG1andG2

and considers at

each

stage

of he

design process

what allowances should be ncluded for

maintenanceof he

building

services. Checklists are

given

toreview the

detail

design

oensurethat

provisions

are

in

place

to allowthe

system

o bemaintained

effectively.

07

Electricity

at

Work

and Related

Regulations

-

A

Handbook or

Compliance.

TE Marks. 1994.

Provides

explanation

of

he

Regulations

and outlines he

ways

of

meeting

he

requirements.

Particular

emphasis

s

placed

on the

difference between

regulations

mposing

absoluteduties

and

hose

which

must

be

followed

as

reasonably practical.

08

AJ Guide

o

the

Space

for

Services

-

Architects Journal

Reprint.

1986.

This

publication

s a

reprint

ofseveralarticles which

appeared

n the

Architects'

Journalin1986.Datais

given

for

space requirements

of

central

plant.

The

ayout

of

distribution

systems

around the

building

is

discussedwith

particular

attention

to

the

co-ordinationof

pipework,

ductwork

and

cabling

with

structure,

for

accessible

ierticaland

horizontal distribution

systems.

JULY1996

17



Space Requirements

Section 2

Legislation


G9

Standard

Maintenance

Specification

or

Mechanical Services In

Buildings.

HVCA. 1991.

This

StandardMaintenance

Specification

was

produced

by

the

HVCA

n

conjunction

with CIBSE and BRECSUand

provides

a

contractual tandard for

maintenance work.

The

document

provides

schedules

ofmaintenance asks

requiredby

the

elements

of

he

building

services

systems,

the

frequency

of

maintenance

and

notes

on the

maintenance procedures.

There

are

five volumes:

Volume

1

Heating

and

Pipework Systems

Volume2

Ventilating

and

Air

Conditioning

Volume

3

Control,

Energy

and

Building

Management Systems

Volume4

Ancillaries, Plumbing

and

Sewerage.

Volume

5

Electrics

in

Buildings

GlO

Tolley's

Health

andSafety

at

Work

Handbook 1995.

This handbook

provides

a

useful

commentary

on most of the

legislation,

regulations

and

available

guidance

which affects

health

and

safety

and

welfare

at

the

workplace.

Thisversion

states

he law

as

at

30

September

1994

and

s

updated

o

accommodate

changes

n

statute law and

regulationsby

repeal,

revocations

and

enactment,

andin

cumulative case aw. The

guide provides

an

interpretation

of

ssues related

to

maintenance,

access

and

risk

assessment.

2.4

DEO(W)/DWS

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

TheDEO(W)/DWS

"Technical Publications Index"

lists the extant

MOD

and

PSA

technical publications which

are

to be

used

in

management

and

construction

of

MOD's

built

Estate.

The

publication

"DefenceWorks

Safety

Rules

and

Procedures for

Working

at

Height"

is

to be

issued

shortly

and

s of

particular

relevence

to the

provision

of

safe

access.

18 JULY1996



Space Requirements

3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

3.1

MAINTENANCE

AND

OPERATION ISSUES AFFECTING

THE

SPACE ALLOWED

FORPLANT

3.1.1 BasicConsiderations

Riskassessment

and he

consequent provision

of

access

must be madeon the

basis

of

he

following

aspects

of

he

operating

and

maintenance

0

&

M)

taskand

the

specified

0

&

M

staff

which

are

the

major

determinants:

•

Task; type,

difficulty, frequency,

duration.

•

Hazards,

dentification

and

evaluationofrisks.

•

Staff;

type, supervision,

size of eam.

Task

type;

the maindivisionof asks is between

operation, monitoring,

inspection, servicing

andmaintenance. The

first wo of

hese

usually require

no

more thanobservation

and

operation

of

simply operated

controls.

The

last

three

involve

in-situ'work with or without

dismantling,

and/or

demounting/removal

for on- oroff-site overhaul.

Demounting requires

more local

space

and local

overhaul

requiresservicingbays.

Task

difficulty;

thisis

a

unctionof

he

type,

the

locationof

he

activity

and

he

physical

actions

required.

Cramped positions may

oftenbeacause ofaccidents.

Guidance on the

space

needed

is

given

inthe

anthropometric data,

see

Fig

3.1.

Numerical

guidance

onthemanual

handling

of

heavy objects

is

given

in

Appendix

1 of heHSE

guidance

booklet L23 to the Manual

Handling

Operations

Regulations

1992.

A

figure covering

lifting

and

owering,

is

reproduced

as

Fig

3.2.

Task

frequency

and

duration;

easieraccessformore

frequently performed

and

engthy

tasks

is

ustified

on

economicaswell as

safety

grounds.

Categorisation

of

frequency

is

given

in

Section

3.2.

Hazards;

must

be dentified

and

an

estimatemade of

he

risks

involved;

e.g.

falling

rom

heights, ripping,

explosive atmospheres, petroleum vapours,

methane,

etc.

There are various

approaches

to

the

evaluation of

risk

ranging

from

complex

fault

tree

analysis

and

reliability

studieswhere

a

single

event

could lead o death of

manypeople,

to

a

ess

complex qualitative approach

where

the

hazards

mayonly

lead ominor

njury.

Staff

type;

must

allowfor in-house' staff not familiarwith

equipment

and

external

specialists

not familiar with the

plantspace.

Staffsupervision

and

teamsize;

access

must make

allowance for

the

number

of staffneededtoundertake

a

particular ask, eg

a

pair

both committedto

a

task

element

simultaneously.

JULY1996 19



Space Requirements

Section

3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.1

Anthropometric

Data

(page

1of

2)

(e) Stoop

Alldimensions are

in

millimetres.

Extracts

fromBS8313:1989are

reproduced

with he

permission

of

BSI.

Complete

ditionsof he standards an be obtained

bypost

from

BSI

Customer

Services,

389 Chiswick

Road,

LondonW4 HAL

20 JULY1996

(a)

Prone

(b)

Kneel

(c) Crawl

Stand

Kneel

S

1500

1200

900

600

300

(f) Maintenance reach

evels

1200

(dl

Squat

550

absolute

minimum

750

preferred

minimum

2100

mm.

(g) Passageway



Space Requirements

Section

3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

FIg

3.1

Anthropometric

Data

(page

2

of

2)

Provide

back

guard

over

2250

height

0

90

750

Optimum

range

Ladder

width 380mm. 450

optimum

Distance between sidewalls600mm.

Rung

distance

c

225

to

250

Rung

diameter

d

20

to

40

(h)

Ladder

500

350

2O0

Optimum range

2100

Optimum

(j) Inclined ladder

All

dimensions are inmillimetres.

JULY1996

21

2100

mm.

150

mm.

Width or

one man

600

o750.

Width or

twomen 1100mm.

Riserb184 optimum

Treadc240

optimum

Ci)

Steps

1100 mm. at 750

1600 mm.

at

500

940

9O0

50°x 860

mum

range

Width530

to

600 with handrails

600

mm.between side walls

Riser

b

250maximum

Tread width

c

80

to

150

Incline

not to

exceed 20°

Width750mm. to 1100

optimum

(k)

Ramp



Notes

1 Full notesare

given

inHSE 23

see

able

2.1

-

R6/GN1)

2

Figures

n he boxed onesaremaximaor he

centres

of he

zones

3

Interpolate

values or otherpositions

n

he zones

4 It the

objectbeing

ifted

passes

through

more han one

zone,

use he lowest

igure

5 Reduce he

guideline

values

by

10% if he

body

s urned

up

o

45°

and 20%

up

to 90°

6

Figures pply

or

up

o 30 ifts/hr

Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.2

Lifting

and

Lowering

Full

height

Shoulder

height

Elbow

height

Knuckle

height

Mid lower

eg

25kg 15kg

4

20kg

10kg

5kg

22 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

3.1.2 BasicHazards

Allowancemust be made for at

least

he

following

hazards,

both

in

terms of

basic

access and inthe

provision

of"extra"

space

where hehazards cannotbe treated

or

avoided.

•

Hot

or

cold surfaces

not insulated to BS

5970.

•

Sharpedges

and

ends,

usuallyoccurring

on

equipment

or

supports.

•

Hazardous

atmospheres; explosive

dusts or

vapours, petroleum vapours,

methane,

etc.

(Note:

Special

consideration

may

be

required

for

these hazards

which

are

beyond

the

scope

of his

document; specialist

advice should be

sought.)

•

Projecting

parts

of

equipment,

particularly

athead and ankle

height,

allow for the

most extreme

protrusion

of

any component

of

an item.

•

Unprotected movingparts

-

no

go'

area delineation

may

be

required

n

addition

oaccess

space.

• The need to work on

live electrical

parts

in

accordance

with

the

Electricity

at Work

Regulations,

1989.

•

Flammable materials

-

handling space

or

liquid

and

gas

transfer.

Consider

plantrooms

within

plant spaces.

See3.3.

•

Toxic

materials

-

asforflammable materials.

•

Noise

-

acoustictreatment tothe wholeofa

plant

oom

occupies

significant space.

Consider

plant

rooms

within

plant

spaces,

oracoustic

hoods. See 3.3.

•

Heavy

andlor

awkwardly

shaped

objects

may require lifting

eyes

andlor

runways,

suitablefor standard

lifting

echniques, positioned

above

equipment.

The full

height

of the

plantspace

below

the

eye

or

runway

must remain free

of

other

services.

See also HSE

references

in

Section

2.

•

Falling

from

heights

-

walkways,

protected

ladders

etc.

(to

the

relevant

BSs)mustconnectwith accessroutesand mustnotobstruct

any

otheraccess.

•

Tripping

provision

of

step

overs

(with

or without

safety

railsetctothe

relevant

BS)

will affectthe

layout

of

services overhead.

The

following

basic

hazards are

normally

dealt with

by warningsigns,

which

must

not

be

obscured

by adjacent

ervices.

•

Insecurehand andfoot holds

-

provide

donot

walk',

'donot ean

on',

'do

not

use as

support' signs.

Consider

designing

all

hangers

for

equipment

loadplus

the

weight

of

wooperatives.

•

Escape

routes

-

sign

all

escape

routes,

including

labelson

large

tems

whichobscure viewsofexits.

•

Chemical

storage

and

handling,eg

water treatment.

3.1.3

Facilities

or

Maintenance.

The

followinggeneral

principles

should

be

noted. Some will

tend to

minimise

the

area

required

for

access.

•

Routes to

plant

and

equipment

should be asdirectas

possible.

•

Standing

room

should

be

provided

at

the

end of

crawlways

and at/or near

equipment.

JULY1996

23



Space Requirements

Section3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

•

Access

adders and

platforms

are

required

for

high plant

(heights

greater

than

2m),

permanent

or

frequent

access,

temporary

or

infrequent

access;

frequency

is defined in3.2.

•

Mobile access

gear

should be

capable

of

iftingequipment

as

well as

personnel,

and

may

beallowedto

temporarily

compromise

access butnot

escape

routes.As

a

generalrule,

escape

routes

should

neverbe

compromised

and

if

navoidable a

horough

risk

analysis

needs

o

be

completed.

•

Cranage unways

shouldbe

designed

to

allow transfer

to

trucks,

trolleys,

rollers,

skates or

airbags

close to the

point

of ift to minimise the

space

compromised.

•

Stepovers

shouldbe

designed

to

carry

the

weight

of

objects

likely

o be

carriedover

them,plus

that

of he

operatives.

Local

lifting gear may

be

required.

3.2

ACCESS, MAINTENANCE FREOUENCY

AND

DURATIONOF TASK.

3.2.1

Access

The

statutory

duties under

the

HSWA,

FactoriesAct

(requirement

until

1

January

1996)

and hemore

specific

duties inthe

Workplace Regulations

1992

require

an

employer

to

provide

safe

access/egress

to

anyplace

where

employees

have to work

and not

merely

their

normal

workplace.

Thedistinction needs

o be

madebetween

he

access route

to a

plant

tem and

the

space provision

around he

plantnecessary

to

safely

carry

out the

maintenance ask,

repair

or

replacement.

The

provision

ofaccess must

be

appropriate

o

the

frequency

at

which certain

taskswill be carriedout. Taskswhichneedto

be carriedoutona

dailybasis,e.g.

checks

on steam

boilers,

will need

open

and mmediate access.

Conversely

pipework

enclosed in

ariser

space

wouldnot

normally require regular inspection.

Fig

3.3 illustrates the

relationship

between he

frequency

ofmaintenenceand

the level

ofaccess

required.

Definitions

of

frequency

andaccess

are

given

in

Section 3.2.2

The

access/egress

route must be sufficient interms of

space provision

and

oading

capacity

toallow

the

safe movement

of

maintenance

staff,

the

handling

of

major

plantitems

and

he use

of

mechanical

lifting

devices

where

necessary.

In the considerationofaccess to

plant

above 2m above floor

level,

falls from

height

is

a

major

concern.Thereare two

aspects

to considerwheremaintenence

tasks

are

at

high

evel:

•

access

to the

working position (portable

ladder,

scaffold

owers,

powered

working platform).

•

the

working space

around the

plant

item

The

working platform

around he

plant

tem

may

be

permanent

for

frequent

accessor

temporary

or less

frequent

maintenance. The


require

that

it is

protected o prevent

people

falling

and

objects

falling

on

to

people

below. This

may

be with the

provision

of

fencing,guard

rails and oe

boards see BS 5395.

24

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.3

Access forMaintenance

1r

Occasional

Maintenance

JULY1996

25

Maintenance

Task

I

Frequent

Maintenance

I

Ir

Infrequent

I

Repair

or

Maintenance

I

Replacement

Clear

&

Immediate Access

I

L

Jr

Jr

II

Semi-Clear Access

Jr

Activities

Plant

requiring

frequent

ccess

(up

o

monthly)

or

nspection/

adjustment/testing/lubrication

/cleaning.

Eg chillers,boilers,

cooling

owers

dAcce

Activities

Yearly

maintenance activities.

Repair

or

replacement

of

plant

components, pipework,

ductwork.

Activities

Plant

requiring

maintenance

up

to

6

monthly

ntervals

inspection/ad ustment/testing/

lubrication/cleaning.

Eg

tank

rooms

Access

Clearand

mmediate

access to

andaround

plant

tems.

Itat

high

evel

Permanent

stairsand

catwalks

suitablyguarded

with

hand

rails

oBS5395

with sufficient

space

for

he

handling

or

removal of

major

plant

components.

U

Access

Access

through

clearly

marked

hatches,

panels

etc,

using

quick

elease fasteners.

Ifat

high

evel

Permanent ladders, scaffold

towers,

hydraulic powered

platforms.

Clear areas around

plant

temswithout

heneed

for

dismantling

ofservices or

building

elements.

Access

Access for

preventative

maintenance

gained

through

demountable

partitions,

nd

semi-permanent panels

which

canbe removed withoutneed

for

re-decoration.

Some

dismantling

of

plant acceptable.

Access

for

eplacement

of

ductworkand

pipework

in

riser

voids

hrough

panels

with

minor

re-decoration

requirements.

Ifat

high

evel

Temporary

access

equipment,

scaffolding,

taging,

ladders etc.

Lred

adder

ermanent

uarded

stair

andcatwalk

Permanent

guarded

adder

and

catwalk



Space Requirements

Section

3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

3.2.2 Definitions

of

frequency

and

level

ofaccess.

Frequency

As

frequency

ofmaintenance will influence the level

of

access thisis

clearly

definedfor each

plant

item insection 5. Forthe

purposes

of his

document,

frequency

is

categorised

as

follows;

•

Frequent;

lessthan

monthly

•

Occasional;

between

monthly

andhalf

yearly

•

Infrequent;greater

than half

yearly

Accessfor

Frequent

Maintenance

All

plant,

valves, controls,

terminal

units,

etcwhich

requirefrequent

maintenance

and

operation

should

have

permanent,

clear

and

immediate access

with

adequate

pace provision

to

carry

out he

particular

ask. If

enclosed,

a

hinged

door should

be

provided

which

opens

outward

hrough

180°.

Access

for

Maintenance

on

an

Occasional

Frequency

For maintenance askswhichare undertaken onanoccasional

frequency,

access

can

be

readily

achieved

by

removal

of

clearly

marked

hatches,

floor

traps,

panels/tiles

infalse

ceilings,

walls and

partitions.Quick-release

fasteners

(captive type)

are

preferred

o screwed

fixings.

Access for

Infrequent

Maintenance

Infrequent

maintenanceor

emergency

repair

and

replacement

of

ductwork,

pipework

and

terminal

units,

shouldbe

considered.

The

removal ofdemountable

partitions,doors, etc,

to

gain

access

may

be

appropriate.

The removal of

masonry

walls isnotconsidered reasonable.

The issue ofwhether

permanent

clear

access

is

necessary

for

emergencyrepair

needs

o

be

agreed

with the client. Provisions

should beallowedfor the removal and

replacement

of

pipework

lengths

in

a

service duct.

Duration

of

ask

Durationcannotbedefined so

specifically

because it isrelated to

operative

fatigue.

This is

dependent

not

only

on

the

dexterity

and

physical

exertion

required

butalso ontheaccess

provided

andenvironmental onditions.

In

general,

access should bereconsidered

for

any

ask,

other

than

observation,

whichoccurs abovehead level orbelow

hip

evel and lasts more

than

1minute.

Alternative

handlingprocedures

should

be

sought

fexertions

greater

than hose

of

Fig

3.2 are

required.

3.3 LOCATION

AND

LAYOUT

OF PLANT

ROOMS

The

following

properties

of

plant

and

equipment

and

characteristics ofnormal

building

construction limit

the

practical

ocationsof

plantrooms.

•

Plant

weight

-

structural

considerations,

nitial installation

and

removal

for

servicing

or

eplacement

•

Plantsize

-

removal for

servicing

or

replacement

•

Design

of loor

slabs

-

floor

slabs other than

ground

floors

are

not

usually

designed

to

supportheavy weightsparticularly

tems such

as

liftinggear

attached

o theirunderside.

If

he

slab is

required

o

bear

fully

oaded

lifting

devices

provision

should be

madein the structural

design.

•

Ingress

and

egress

-

loading

acilities for and

routes to

plant

roomsare

necessary.

Where the size or

weight

carrying

capacity

ofeither are

limited,

smaller

or

easily

dismantled

plant

must be

used.

26 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

ofPlantroom

Design

Escape

routes

-

the

options

or

escape

outesinbasementswill be limited.

The

followingbuilding

related

factors,

when

nadequate,

affect

possible

plantroom

location

by increasing

hefloororwall

areas

requiredbeyond

the

values that

would

be

expected.

•

Relationship

to

outgoingservices

-

here

must

be

links to

dedicated

electrical,

ductwork and

pipework

routes

of

adequatecapacity.

Also,

if

these links have

significantlength,

other

building spaces may

be

compromised.

•

Heights

of

plant

ooms

-

inadequate

height

increases

the

plant

room

floor

area. The

plant

room

areaat the

point

ofexit

ofservices

will be

congested,

which will

limit the number of

servicesthat

can exit

to

an

adjacent

iser

without

compromising

access.

•

Clear

plantspace

-

columns

may

obstructwithdrawal

space

or

access/escape routes;

beams

may

obstruct

cranage

or

cross-plantroom

service

routes;

imperforable

walls willhaveeffectssimilar o

plant

ooms

of

nadequate

height.

The

following

rules'

apply

generally

to

considerations

of

access.

•

Space

requirements

or O&M activities

may

not be

adequate

for functional

requirements e.g.

distance from

walls,

or other

plant,

of air cooledchillers

may

cause recirculation of

cooling

air).

•

Space required

for future

plant

must

not

be

compromised.

Thisincludes

access routes. The

space's

eventual

purpose

should

be

reserved

by

flooror

wall

markings.

•

Other itemsof

equipment

orthe

building

fabric mustnotbe affected

by

O&M activities on a

particular

itemof

plant.

If he

equipment

is

noisy

or

the

maintenance

s

otherwise dangerous, consider locating

duty

and

standby

equipment

in

separated

spaces.

•

Equipment

should be laid

out in

a

way

hat creates sharedaccess

space

between temswhich arenotmaintained

simultaneously.

•

Escape

routes must not be

blocked

by

O&M

activities.

The rule can be

relaxed

if

here

isan

alternative

escape

route.

However,

full risk

assessment hould

be

carried

out.

•

Allow for theeffects of

hinged components,

suchascontrol

panel

doors,

boiler

burners,

access

panels

ontheunderside of

plant

or

ducts,

particularly

when

positioning

adjacent

services.

•

Allow for the

furthest

projection

of

anycomponent

onan tem of

equipment.

•

Avoid

tripping

hazardsand ncrease

ow level access

space

by running

pipe

andductwork

at

high

level in

plantrooms

with

droppers

to

equipment.

•

Motor control

panels

shouldbe

close to

the

plantroom's

normal

entry

doors.

•

Large plant

shouldbeclose tothe mainaccess doors

(or

specialised

removable wall and roof

panels).

•

Consider

what items

of

plant

can be

located

inthe same

space

and

what

must

be

separated,e.g.

air

compressors

andboilers

from

chillers; larger

or

emergencyelectrical generators

(and

their

associated

equipment)

rom all

other

plant. Separateequipment

which

is

noisy,

andlor

contains oxic or

flammable

materials,

from other

plant.

This limits areas

affected,

eases

control and eases rescue

operations.

JULY1996

27



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

•

Allow

adequatespace

for items such

as

breathingapparatus

and

other

cumbersome

personal

protective equipment,

eye

washersand

dousing

showers close

to the

point

of

hazard.

•

Allow

space

for

emergency

ock-offcontrolsclose to

the

normal accessdoors.

3.4

DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTSPACES

3.4.1 Practical

space requirements

The

space

equirements

of ndividual items of

plant, pipes, ducts,

cables and

wiringdeveloped

from the

principles

described

above,

areshown nSections4

&

5.

The clearances

shownare

those that

are

required

if

he item is surrounded

by

walls or

equivalent

ixedbarriers. For several

plant

itemsin a common

space

there are therefore

wo

corollaries;

•

If

adjacent

tems are not maintained

simultaneously,

a

single

clearance

can be

shared.

•

The shared clearance must be

equal

o

the

larger(est)

of

hose

required.

Similarly only equipment

which

must

be ifted from soffit

mounted

eyes

or

runways requires

heclearances shown n

plan

for the full

plant

oom

height.

The

consequence

is

that the

sums ofvolumes

and

plan

areas

actuallyrequiredby

plant

andaccess

space

is

usually

lessthanthe sum of allof he individual items'

requirements.

Some

of

his

space

saving

soffset

by

the

space requirements

or

routingpipes

andductsand

cableways.

Further the

shape

of the

plantspace

is

unlikely

tobe

ideal for the

plant

it

eventually

is

to

contain,

bearing

n

mind standard

building

design

sequences

andtendering

procedures,

which

creates

ess

than

deal solutions.

The

optimum

use

of

any space

isdetermined

by

certain of

he

factors listed

in

the

previous

sub-section,

such

as the

relationship

of he

plant

space

to the

outgoing

service

routes,

externalwalls and accessroutes.Itmust also be

accepted

that

laying

out

plant spaces

is to

an

extentan

amalgam

of

experience,

skill

and

hree

dimensional visualisation.

The net

consequence

of

hese

conflicting

sets offactors is

that

the overall

area/volume

of

a

plantspace, including

wastage,

is

unlikely

to be ess than

the

sum of he

requirements

of he individual

components, neglecting overlaps.

The

exceptions

are

most

likely

o

be

plant spaces

designed

after

equipment

hasbeen

selected

and

containing

either

a

single

type

of

equipment

or

a

wide

variety

of

smaller

tems.

There are two

types

of

plant

oom

for which hese

effects

are most

significant:

•

smalltomedium sized boiler

rooms,

which

conventionally

contain

HWS

calorifiers,

all related

pumps

and water treatment

equipment

inaddition

to theboilers.

•

smalltomedium sizedwater-chiller

rooms,

which

conventionally

contain

the

related

pumps.

Demonstration of heuse of

overlapping

access

spaces

andstatisticaldatafor

areas of hesetypes

of

plant

space

are

given

in

Figs

3.4

-

6.

28

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

ofPlantroom

Design

Fig

3.4 Boiler

Room

Space Planning

Key Space

requirements

Section

5.0

data

heets

Boilers M1.4

Pumps M3.1

N

Caloritiers

M6.3

Pressurisation

unit

M4.2

Circulation

oute

JULY1996

29

Pumps

Caloritiers



Space Requirements

Section 3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.5 Boiler Room

Space Requirements

E

-a

ci)

a

a,

C,

0

0

E

0

0

C,

a-

Note

Space requirements

include or

ancillary

equipment,

see

fig

3.4

I

/

Thai

-___

/

///////

I.'

Range

I

—

500

1000

1500

2000 2500

Maximum

heating

capacity

kW)

30 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section3

Philosophy

of Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.6 ChillerRoom

Space Planning

Key Space requirements

Section 5.0

data

heets

Watercooledchillers M2.3

77Z

Pumps

M3.1

j

Circulationoute

JULY1996

31

Possible

chilled water

pumps

Possible condenser

water

pumps



Space Requirements

Seclion

3

Philosophy

of

Plantroom

Design

Fig

3.7

Chiller

Room

Space Requirements

E

a,

a

,

C,

0

0

E

0

0

Ca

Note

Space requirements

include or

ancillaryequipment,

see

ig

3.6

32

JULY1996

-

-

/

/:

/

-___

—

Range

I

100

50

0

0

500 1000 1500

2000 2500

Maximum

coolingcapacity kW)



Space Requirements

4

System Requirements

4.1

MECHANICAL SERVICES DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMS

4.1.1

Plantrooms andDistribution Routes

The

designer

hould ensurethatductworkand

pipework

areco-ordinatedintheir

distribution hroughout he

building,

and hat

the central

plant

oom connects

logically

with the

vertical distribution

routes.The

designer

hould:

•

Position

a

plant

room

tobe as near as

possible

to the centre of he zone

whichitwill serve.

•

Consider the branches rom vertical risers

to

serve horizontal distribution

routes with

careas this is

likely

tobe themost

congested

areaof he

service core.

•

Co-ordinate the

mechanical services with other services in the

building

such as

electrical,

electronic

and

communications

distribution

systems;

e.g.

cable

trays

and

conduits,

seesection

4.2.

Sufficient space

must be

provided

forinstallation

and

maintenance

of he

systems

whichdistribute

heating,cooling, ventilation, electricity, etc,

around he

building. Very

often

the

horizontal

and

vertical distributionofservicescan be

more

problematic

than the accommodationofcentral

plant

whichserves those

systems.

In

false

ceiling

voids

or

riser

spaces

here are several

distribution

systems vying

forrestricted

space

whichwill needto be

carefully

co-ordinatedwith eachother

and with

the

structure

to

ensure ease of nstallation

andaccess

for

maintenance,

repair

and

removal of

system components.

Positioning

of he

plant

as closeas

possible

tothe centreof he zone

it

serves

will

reduce

the

amountof

horizontal

distribution

needed.

This

is

ofmajor

mportance

when

considering large

ventilation

ductwork which

needs

o

be

accommodatedin

a

false

ceiling

or withinaraised

floor.

Theconnectionofhorizontal ductwork or

pipework

with

vertical

risers

should

alsobe

carefully

considered.If

heservice core isenclosed

on three

sides

by

lift

shaft and external

walls,

horizontal distribution rom the service corewillbe

extremely

difficultand will

provide

little

space

for installation

access

and

maintenance.

Similarly,

the

structural

stability

(and

fire

integrity)

of he coreis

compromised

if

toomuch of

its

perimeter

area

(above

thefalse

ceiling

orona

single

level)

is

removed

for

service exits.

JULY1996

33



Space Requirements

Section 4

System Requirements

Theareaserved

by

a

single

riser willdictate the size of hehorizontal branch

ductor

pipework.

In

particular,

he

depth

selectedfor abranchair ductwill have

a

great

influence

on the

false

ceiling

or raised

floor

depth,

will affecttheoverall

floortofloor

heights

and hence have

significant

influence

on

building

costs.

The

depth

of hehorizontal element s a function of he numberofvertical

risers,

generally:

maximum vertical risers

=

minimum horizontal element

depth

minimum vertical

risers

=

maximum

horizontal

element

depth

4.1.2Access

The evelofaccess

required

will

depend upon

he

frequency

at

which

that task

needs to be carriedout. The levels

of

access

required

for

frequent,occasional,

or

infrequent

maintenanceare defined

in Section 3.2. Sections 4 and5 refertothe

following

maintenance intervals:

•

frequent

maintenance

clear

and mmediate access.

•

occasionalmaintenance access

through

emoval of

clearly

marked

hatches,panels

or

tiles with

quick

release fasteners

(captive type).

•

infrequent

maintenanceor

emergencyrepair

-

access obtained with the

dismantling

of

part

of he

installation,

demountable

partitions,

etc.

4.1.3

Mechanical

Services

Distribution

-

Data

Sheets

The

ollowing

data-sheets

summarise theaccess and

space

allowances for

pipework,

ductwork and

erminalunits.

Spacerequirements

are

given

for

vertical

and

horizontal

distributionand

the

co-ordination

in

false

ceiling

voids

and raised

floors.Theco-ordinationofservicesinthese

spaces

is

discussed, considering

the

accomodationofmechanical

distribution, lectrical,

electronicand

communication

systems.

Common

problems experienced

indistribution

system

accessare

also

noted.

34

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

Dl Access to DistributionDucts andShafts

Commentary

Good Practice

References

British Standards

Accessto ducts

largeenough

o be entered

by

maintenance taff should have

the

minimum dimensions shown above. Access should be increased if

breathing

apparatus

is

to

be

worn.

All

access doors should

be

capable

of

being opened

from

within the duct

with

double sided

handles

(cold room

type).

In verticalducts the hazard

from vertical

drops

should be

fully

assessedandmeasures suchas

guard

rails,

fixed

ladders,

etcshould beusedtominimise

risk,

see


R2.

•

Space

allowances for

building

services distribution

systems

-

Detail designstage.

BSRIA. 1992.

•

BS8313. Code

ofPractice or theaccommodationof

building

services

in ducts. BSI. 1989.

JULY1996 35

——

%_

I

—

%%.

I

•1

— I

—

I

—

I

All

dimensions

nmm



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D2 Ductwork

INSULATED DUCTS

Plan:

Vertical Riser

w w

x

IfW ess hanor

equal

o1000mm;

X=

200mm S

=

400mm

lfWgreater

han

1000mm;

X=400mm S=600mm

tfW less hanor

equal

o 1000mm;

X

=

100mm S

=

300mm

IfW

greater

han

1000mm;

X

=

300mm S

=

400mm

Commentary

Good Practice

References

British Standards

Accessto ducts

is

governed byspace required

to

install and

insulate the

ductwork;

this is

dependent

on the

clearance from firm

objects,

the

type

of

jointing

method

and

whether the ducts are

to

be insulated

after

nstallation,

see BS

8313

for

detail.

Duct

clearances can bereduced with

care,

providing

correct

jointing,

nsulation

and

maintenance

of

vapour

barrieris

achieved. Consideration

shouldalsobe

given

as to how the ductworkwill

be

tested or

eventually

eplaced.

•

Space

allowancesfor

building

servicesdistribution

systems

-

Detail designstage.BSRIA.

1992.

•

BS8313. CodeofPractice or the

accommodationof

building

services

in

ducts. BSI.

1989.

36

JULY1996

Ix

UNINSULATED DUCTS Plan:VerticalRiser

W

S1

W

Ix

All dimensionsnmm



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D3

Pipeworic

VERTICAL RISER Uninsulated

t

50

Je

at

Joints

5

tor

pipes

ess han

50

m

or

equal

ol

50mm

0

than

in

mm

50

tor

pipesgreater

Commentary

Good

Practice

References

British

Standards

Accessto

pipework

is

governed

by

the

space required

o

install

and

nsulate

the

pipework. Although infrequent,

the

removal

of

a

pipework length

from the

riser,

service ductorfalse

ceiling

void should beconsideredand he

appropriate

space

allowed.

Consider the falls of

pipework

for

venting

and

draining; especially

steam or

compressed

airwith

trap

sets.Vertical

space

needs tobe

allowedforair

bottles,

automaticairvents and

drain

points.

•

Space

allowancesfor

building


ystems

-

Detail

designstage.

BSRIA.

1992.

•

BS8313. Code ofPractice or the

accommodationof

building

services

inducts.

JULY1996

37

PLAN

VERTICAL RISER Insulated

ELEVATION

Flanges staggered

Flanges staggered

VERTICAL RISER

Mechanically

Grooved EndJoints

Uninsulated

50mm

ELEVATION

PLAN



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

04

MechanicalServicesRisers

Risers

—ii•'

•÷tteiLn

x

j 69omin

X is

dependent

on he sizeand

type

ot

pipework

n

the riser

-

see

data

sheet

03.

V is

dependent

on

ype

and sizeof

pipework

and

whether

thereare

crossovers

orvalveswhiohcan

ncrease

clearances

considerably

seedata sheet 3.

Simple Pipework

Riser

One

rowof

pipes

oallow he nstallationor

emoval

trom he

ront

ot

iser

space

without

he needto remove

other

pipework except

cross-overs. Avoid double

banking

of

pipes

where the

op

rowwill

obstruct

ccess

to he bottom

ow. Stems

andwheelsof

valves

require

learance

tor

operation,

onsider

especiallyarger

alves

which

may

use

rising

stems.

Clear access is

required

in rontof he

iser,

hinged

door or

frequent

access, demountable

covers or

occasional access.

3

Sided Riser

See above notes

x

Walk-in Riser

Cupboard

(side entry)

Headroom clearance

minimum 1

0mm

All dimensionsn

mm

Good Practice

•

Space

allowances for

building

services

distribution

systems

-

References Detail

design

stage.

BSRIA.1992.

British Standards

•

BS

8313. Code

of

Practice

for he

accommodation

of

building

services

in

ducts.

38 JULY1996

Walk-in Riser

Cupboard

(tront entry)



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D5 HorizontalServicesDucts

ServiceTrenches

Access rom

above through

continuous overs

or

covers

at

junctions

and

changes

ofdirection.Provision hould be

made

for

drainage

ot he duct n he event ot

eakage;

eg grading

of

the loors

of

he duct

or

service

rench.

Crawlway

Access fromends or

hrough

removable covers. Dimensions

shown areforclearaccess

space

clearof alve

projections, pipe

supports,

etc.

Walkway

Access romendsof

walkway

or

through

emovable covers.

Walkways

tobe

adequately

ventilated.

Dimensions hownare or

clear access

space.

X

Dependent

on

pipework

sizeand

ype

-

seedatasheet

D3

All dimensionsn

mm

Good

Practice

•

Space

allowancesfor

building


systems

-

References

Detail

design stage.

BSRIA.1992.

British Standards

•

BS8313. Code

of

practice

for

the

accommodation

of

building

services

in

ducts.

JULY1996 39

1200

k I. •

x

900

8

2100

x 900

X



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D5

HorizontalServices

Ducts

(continued)

Ductwork

one

Y

Services

one

2100

Main Services

Corridor

W

Sized

to

accommodate

pipework

in renchor

mechanical

lifting

and

handling

equipment

and heir

turning

radii

whichever

is

the

greater

X

Dependent

on

pipework

orductwork

type

andsize

-

eedatasheetD2orD3

Y

Dependent

on

pipework

or

ductwork

typeand

size

-

seedatasheetD2 or

D3

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

Good

Practice

References

British Standards

Main services corridors

require

access tothe serviceswithinandallow clear

passage

for maintenance taffand

any

mechanical

lifting/handling equipment

they might

use

in

thecourse of heirwork.

If

he servicecorridor s the

egress

route for the

removal

of

majorplant,

the

clear

space

should be

large

forthe

plantcomponent

and ts mechanical

handling

device.

If

elevant the

turning

radiiof he

handling

device should

also

beconsidered.

•

Space

allowances

for

building

services

distribution

systems

-

Detail design

tage.

BSRIA.

1992.

•

BS8313. CodeofPractice for theaccommodationof

building

services

inducts.

40 JULY1996

w

—l



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D6

Pipework

Access

-

Common Problems

loor__

Motorised

alve

IiiiiE-

Ih+2Smm

h

=

Withdrawal

space

L

=

Overall

length

of

sensor

L+25mm

JULY1996 41

V

Sensor

Fixedobstruction

MotorisedValves/

Sensors/Instrumentation

Removal

ot

actuator, sensor, etc,must not be

obstructed

by

sofft,

wall,

ductwork

or

other

pipework.

Ensuresufficient learance oallow

actuator/sensor

tobewithdrawn

without he disturbance

r removal of

other

services.

Strainers

The

emoval

ot he strainer

basket

mustnot be

mpaired

by

ixed

obstructions orother ervices-seeabovenotes.

Fixedobstruction



Space Requirements

Section 4

System Requirements

D7 DuctworkAccess

-

Common Problems

Fire

Dampers

Accesso ire

damper

must not be obstructed

by

other ervices.

Ensure all tire

dampers

have clear access

tor

nspection

and

esting

seealso data sheet 08.

Fire

damper

access

doorobstructed

bypipework

Fire

damper

access door

Teebarshouldnot obstruct

removal otaccess door

The

ceiling grid

immediately

beneath he erminalunit shouldbe demountable

to

acilitate ccess

tor

emoval

and

eplacement

ot

ilters, ans,

motors

or

he

complete

nit. Access hould be

provided

which

s

at east

the

ull

plandimensions

t

he unit(including ontrolandcommissioning alves)plus 100mmminimum

on

all

sides.

Fire

damper

FCU

or

VAV Terminal Unit

Ceiling

Mounted

Terminal

Units

Ceilinggrid

demountable for

access tor emoval ot

FCU

or

VAV terminal

42

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

D8 False

Ceilings

andRaised Floors

Structural zone

50mm

deflection+ ol

HVAC

ductor

erminal

unit

50mm

support

+

ol

Sprinkler

one

50

+

150

150

ighting

zone

Headroom

Raised

floor

Commentary

Good

Practice

References

Points to

watch:

1

Ensure clearaccess to all fire

dampers

or

inspection

and

testing.

2

Clearance

of

1.5

times

the

luminairedepth

to

facilitate

removal of

the

fitting.

3 Demountable

ceiling

grid

o

permit

access to the

ceiling

mounted

terminal unit andremoval.

4

Clear

accessto the

terminal

unit

for

removal

of

herecirculation air filter

(FCUs), cleaning

ofcoilandcondensate

tray.

5 Additional

vertical

space

to

beallowed

for

condensate

drains

and

heir

fall

(FCUs).

6

Access

to

raisedfloor shown for

the

situation where

all

floor

tiles

may

not

be

removable.

7

Provision should

be madeforpermanent

access

to all

commissioning

and

control valves.

•

AJGuide to the

Space

for

Services. Architect's

Journal

Reprint.

1986.

JULY1996 43

HorizontalDistribution

VAV Terminal

Unitor

FCU

Mainduct run-outs

Access

Sprinkler

Fire

Damper

I

ccess

600x

600

Floor

box

Cable

ray

Supply

ductfor loor

supply

system

orerminal



Space Requirements

Section 4

System Requirements

D9 Cross-oven

FalseCeilingCross-over

ones

For more

omplex ervicing

arrangements

provision

shouldbe madeor

cross-overs

ot

ductwork

and

pipework

n he alse

ceiling.

Dimension7willbe

governed normally

by

the

depth

of he branch

ducts.

Pipework

Branch

pipework

mustbe

planned

to

provide

sufficient

learance

from other

pipes

n

he

main run o

permit

access

to

langed joints,

etc and

space

to

nsulate.

Commentary

Riser

space

is

normally

at a

premium

and

absolute clearance dimensions

will

depend

on the actual

equipment

installed. The

drawings

indicatecritical areas

wheresufficient

space

must

be

allowed.

Good Practice

References

•

BSRIA.

Space

and

weight

allowancesfor

building

services

plant

inception

stage

design.

1994.

NHS

Estates. Health

Technical Memorandum 2023. Access

and

accommodation

for

engineering

services. 1995.

44

JULY1996

Cross-over

one

Section

Through

False

Ceiling

Uninsulated

pipework

Insulated

pipework



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

4.2

ELECTRICAL SERVICES DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMS

4.2.1

Substations,

MainSwitcbrooms and DistributionRoutes

The

designer

hould ensure hat

HV,

LV

(power)

and datalcommunications cable

routes are

co-ordinated

in

their distribution hroughout he

building,

and hat

all

rooms with distribution

equipment

connect

logically

withtheverticaldistribution

routes.The

designer

should:

•

Position

main

switchroomsand

riser

cupboards

to

be

as near

as

possible

to

the

electrical

load

centre of

he

zonewhich

hey

serve.

•

Considerthebranches rom vertical riserstoserve horizontal distribution

routes. Care must be

takenwhererisers are locatednear lift shaftsor fire

stairsas these

may

mpede

horizontal routes.

•

Consider

the

number ofrisers

needed,

data/communications cables should

bein

separate

risersfrom

power

cables or busbarsif

possible.

If

not,

risers

must be

large

enough

to

permit adequate

separation.

•

Consideration should be

given

to

safety/electric

shock notices

addressing

location,

vision

ine and

ease

of

eading.

•

Co-ordinate with the mechanical distribution

ystems.

4.2.2

Access

Access toelectrical services formaintenance are

governedby

hesame

fundamental

equirements

as those formechanical

services;

accessis

argely

influenced

by

frequency

of he maintenance task. The evel ofaccess and

maintenance

requency

is detailed in Section

3.2;

to summarise:

Accessfor

Frequent

Maintenance

All

plant,

switchboards,

control

panels

andother units which

requirefrequent

maintenanceand

operation

shouldhave

permanent

clear and immediate access

with

adequate

pace provision

to

carry

out the

particular

ask. Where boardsare

enclosed,

locked

hinged

doors are

preferred

to

covers fixedwith

screws,

as these

often do not

get

replaced

after maintenancework.

AccessforMaintenanceon an Occasional

Frequency

For maintenance asks which are undertaken onan

occasional

frequency,

access

can be achieved

by

removal of

clearly

markedhatches or

panels/tiles

nfalse

ceilings. Quick-release

fasteners

(captive type)

are

preferred

o

screwedfixings.

Accessfor

EmergencyRepair

and

Replacement

Replacement

of

majorplant

items like

transformers,generators

or main

switchboards

units, althoughgenerally nfrequent,

shouldbeconsidered. The

removal ofdemountable

partitions,doors, ductwork,

etc to

gain

access

may

be

appropriate.

The removal of

masonry

wallsisnotconsidered

reasonable. The

issue ofwhether

permanent

clearaccessis

necessary

for

emergencyrepair

needs

tobe

agreed

with the client.Ifa

particular

tem of

plant

s essential othe

operation

of he

facility

sufficient

standby

capability

should be included inthe

basic

design.

JULY1996

45



Space Requirements

Section

4

System Requirements

4.2.3

Access

for

Replacement

or

Installation

of

Cables

Although

main

power

cables

are

generally eplaced

only

duringmajor

building

refurbishment

or

modification,

data andcommunications cable networks are

frequentlychanged

o suit he latest

developments

inInformation

Technology

(IT).

It s essential

hat

provision

ismadeatthe

designstage

to

allownewdata

and

communication cables

to

be installed

easily.

For

example,

cable

trays

on

gallows

brackets

or tree

hangers

allow

new

cables to be

laid on

more

easily

han

trays

on

trapeze hangers

where the

cable

needs

tobe threadedin.

4.2.4

Electrical

Services

Distribution

-

Data

Sheets

The

ollowing

data-sheetssummarise theaccess and

space

allowancesfor

cabling,

control

panels

and distributionboards.

Space

requirements

are

given

forvertical

and

horizontal distributionand

the

co-ordination

in

false

ceiling

voids

and

raised

floors.Theco-ordinationofservices

in

these

spaces

is discussed

considering

the

accomodation

of

mechanical

distribution, lectrical,

electronic

and

communicationssystems.

Common

problems experienced

indistribution

system

accessarealsonoted.

46

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 4

System Requirements

D1O

Control Panelsand DistributionBoards

In

general

for

ergonomic

easons front

panel

controlsshouldbe

located between

1200and 1800mmabove he

finished

floor or

operating

platform

evel.

All dimensionsnmm

Commentary

Good Practice

References

Front

panel

controlsand

ndicating

nstruments

should

be

easy

to

read and

operate

rom

a

normalstanding

position. Infrequently

used

controls

such

as

main

isolators

may

be ocatedoutside

this

range

but should be

readily

accessible.

Internal electrical terminations

or

pneumatic

connections

may

extendoutside

this

range

but should not

be

below 300

mm or

above 2000 mm.

Sufficient

space

must

beallowed for cable

bending

radius

above

and

below

panels.

Cables mustbe

straight

where

hey

enter

glands.

The

published

minimum

bending

adius foracable is he theoretical minimum to

prevent

cable

damage.

In

practice

it is

not

practical

to install

large

cables to

such

a

ight

bend.

A

straight length

ofaround

half

he

bending

adius is

recommended for

installationofcable

clamps.

•

BSRIA.

Space

and

weight

allowancesfor

building

services

plant

-

inception tagedesign.

1994.

•

NHSEstates. HealthTechnical Memorandum 2023. Access and

accommodation

for

engineering

services.1995.

JULY1996

47

Cables

Radius

1000 mm

for

arge

cables

Controlsand

nstruments 1800

Controls

and

nstruments

Wall-mounted

Floor-standing



Space Requirements

Section 4

System Requirements

Dli ElectricalServices

-

VerticalRisers

HorizontalBusbar

section Vertical Busbar

plan

Busbar

Tapoff

unit

C)C)OO

Cabletray

Door

hingeswrongway

Cable

ray prevents

ccess

Door

hingeswrongway

Rising

Busbar

Tapoff

unit

Door

ouling

wall

Typical

Electrical Risers

-

plan

Door hits

adjacent panels

ShallowElectrical

Cupboard

with

Style Hung

Doors

-

plan

Open

doorobstructs

egress

-

Styles

-,

Paneldoors oul

cupboard

door

styles

(styles

mustbe

demounfable)

Commentary

Riser

space

is

normally

at

a

premium

and

absolute

clearance dimensions will

depend

ontheactual

equipment

installed.The

drawings

ndicate critical areas

where

sufficient

space

must

be

allowed.

See also

clearances

given

for

mechanical

risers

in

D4.

Good Practice

•

BSRIA.

Space

and

weight

allowances for

building

services

plant

-

References inception

stage

design.

1994.

•

NHSEstates. HealthTechnical Memorandum 2023. Access and

accomodationfor

engineering

services. 1995.

48

JULY1996

Cables

inaccessible



Space Requirements

5

Component Requirements

Access

and

space requirements

forcentral

plant

are

considered

in

eachsub-

section for individual

plant types

and

he

spatial layout

nformation

is

given

in

the

accompanying

data

sheets.

Eachsub-sectiondeals

exclusively

witha

single

type

of

plant

or

tem

of

equipment

and

plant

oom

space

requirements

will be an

aggregation

of

individual

spatialneeds.

It

does

not contain

any

allowances

for

ancillary

equipment (pumps,

water treatment

plant, etc,

are

dealt with

individually

elsewhere

in

Section

5.1).

Eachsub-section

highlights

he main factors whichaffectaccess

and

space

requirements.

The nfluence

that

the Health

and

Safety Regulations

have

in

the

provision

of

space

to

minimise

riskin

maintenance

and

operation

is

discussed.

A

range

of

space

requirementsagainst

capacity

is

given

for

major

plant

tems.

This is

supplemented

with

diagrams

showing

the

disposition

of

hat

space.

JULY1996 49



Space Requirements

Section 5


5.1 CENTRAL STATION

PLANT

-

MECHANICAL

5.1.1 LTHW Boilers

The

ypes

of

gas

andoil fired

LTHW

boiler

plant

considered

are:

•

Modular boilers Floor

standing

and

vertically

stacked ow water

contentmodularboilers.

•

Cast-iron sectional

•

Steelboilers Reverse flame

ype.

•

Fuel oil

storage

All

boilers

require

access

space

in

front

and

at

the

sides

of

he

plant

to

facilitate

maintenance.

Modular boilers

can

provide

a

compact

installationwith

minimum

space

requirements

consistent with the accommodationof

flue,

shunt

pumps,

flowand

return

headers,

and

valves.

Space

allowance

must

permit

the safe

withdrawal

of

burner bars or

combustion

compartment. However,

in the

planning

of

plantroom

space

it is

prudent

toconsider the

possible

subsequent eplacement

with

sectional boilers which

may require

a

greater space provision.

Cast iron sectional boilers

requirespace

in

front

of

he boilerfor

flue-way

cleaning,

access to

burner

and

fuel

feeds

plus

clear

access

forboiler

doors

to

open

with burner attached.

Space

is

required

atthe rearof the boilerfor flue

inspection, cleaning,

combustion

testing

and eakchecks.

Steelboilers have similar

requirements

o

cast ironsectional boilers

but

the

ingress/egress

routes

through

the

building

must be

considered

carefully

to

accommodate

the

full

size

and

weight

of

he

boiler.

The total

plant

areas shown n datasheets Ml.1 andM1.2 show

typical

ranges

requiredby

boiler

plant excludingancillaryplant).

This data should

be

used

as

a

preliminary

check

to determine

f

ufficient

space

has been

allowed.

Evenif here

is

compliance

with the

requirements

ndicated,

thisshouldbefollowed

up

to

ensure

that the

space

is

proportioned correctly

to allow

key

tasks to

be

carried

out;

e.g. space

for

cleaning

of

flueways.

Oil

storage

tanks:

•

Distillate fueloils

-

Access

is requiredall around he

tank

for cleaning,

paintingand

inspection. Space

needs obe

provided

at frontfor draw-off

piping,

filter

and valves.Tank

supports

o be

highenough

for

sample

draw-offand

draining.

Walls

andfloorto be

treated with

oil

resistant material to

a sufficient

height

ocontain ankcontents

plus

10%,

inthe eventof ankfailure.

•

Residual fuel oils

-

Accessis

required

all around

he tank as

for distillate

oil

tanks,

including

sampling

and

draining acility.

Space

for the withdrawalof heout-flowheater must

be

provided.

Isolating

valves must be locatedclear

of he

flowheater

to

allow its

removal

without

obstruction.

Walls

and

floorsof

any

bunds or

tankrooms to

be tanked

as

for

distillate

oil

tanks to

retain

contents

plus

10%,

in the

event of

ankfailure.

50 JULY1996





Risk

assessment

-

main

hazardswhich

influence

space provision:

•

Manual

handling

Sufficient

space

must be

provided

toallow

the

removal

and

handling

of

major plant components

such as burners and boilersections.On

larger

boilers

this

will

require he use

of

mechanical

lifting

and

handling

equipment.

•

Falling

from

height

On

large

boilers with

valves,

controlsand nstrumentation ocatedat

levels

above

2m

which

requirefrequent

nspection

or

adjustment,

permanent

safe access should be

provided protected

by guard

rails.Safe

access

is

also

applicable

tooil

storage anks,

e.g.

accessto

man-way

on

storage

anks. Bund

sumps

shouldbe

protected

with

open

plate

covers.

•

Hot surfaces

Sufficient access

space

shouldbe

provided

between

boilers,

other

plant

andfixed obstructions toavoid

contactwith

high temperature

surfaces.

Otherwise

insulate

and

finish

o

BS

5970.

Good

Practice

•

BSRIA.

TN

9/92

Space

and

weight

allowances

for

building

services

plant

-

References

inception

stage

design.

1992.

•

HVCA.

StandardMaintenance

Specification

for Mechanical Services in

Buildings.

VolI

-

Heating

and

pipework systems.

1990.

•

CIBSE.

Commissioning

code series:

B.

Boiler

Plant.

•

NHSEstates. Health


and

accommodationfor

engineering

services.

1995.

Legislation and

• Healthand

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri, R2, R3, R4, RB,R8,

see Section 2.2.

•

HSE. Guidance Note

PMJ5.

Automatically

controlledsteam and hot

water

boilers.

•

Gas

Safety Regulations

(Installation

and

Use) 1984.

British Standards

•

BS 799.

Oil

burningequipment

Part 5:

Specification

for oil

storage

anks.

•

BS2594.

Specification

for carbon steelwelded horizontal

cylindrical

storage

anks.

•

BS

5410. Code

of

practice

for

oil

firing:

Part2

Installations of

44kW

and

abovefor

space heating,

hot water and steam

supply purposes.

• BS

5970. Code

of

practice

for thermal insulation

(in

the

temperature

range

-100°C to

870°C).

•

BS6644.

Specification

forthe installationof

gas

firedhotwater

boilers of

rated

inputs

between 60kW

and2MW.

•

BS6880. Code

of

practice

for

low

temperature

hot

water

heatingsystems

of

output greater

than45kW.

•

BS8313. Code of

practice

for the accommodationof

building

services

inducts.

JULY1996

51



Space Requirements

Section5


Ml 1 Modular Boilers

-

Summary

of

pace requirements

for

loor-standing

nd

vertically

stacked modular boilers

Modularboilers

1

FIoor-sg

/7'

1

—

Vertically-stacked

'*

I

Commentary

The

summary

aboveindicates

ypical space

requirements

orLTHWmodular

boilers anddoesnotallow for

ancillary

equipment

(dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

The load

expressed

in the

graphs

is he total installed

heating

capacityof

he

installation.

The

space

requirements

hown inthis

graph

are based

upon

heallowances

detailed in datasheetM1.3.

52 JULY1996

65

-C

a)

-

60

a

a

55

0

0

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

500

1000 1500

2000 2500 3000

Boiler

Capacity (kW)



Space Requirements

Section

5


Ml 2

Cast

Iron Sectionaland

Steel

Boilers

-

Summary

of

pace requirements

forLTHW boilers

E

0

0

0

0

-o

a

cc

Boiler

output kW)

Boiler

output kW)

Commentary

The

summary

aboveindicates

ypical space

requirements

orrelated

against

the

total

heat

output

of

heboiler

plant

or LTHW

cast iron

and

steel

boilers anddoes

notallow for

ancillary

equipment

(dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

The

load

expressed

in

the

graphs

isthe

total installed

heating capacity

of the

installation.

The

space

requirements

hown in this

graph

are based

upon

heallowances

detailed

n data

sheet

M1.4.

JULY1996 53

70

65

60

55

E

cI

00

-o

0

-o

=

a

U

E

t

,

ypil

20

_-

Compact

cast-iron

sectional oilers

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000



Space Requirements

Section

5


Ml

3 ModularBoilers

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Floormountedmodular

boilers

Frequent

1.1W

____________________

1.1W

750

3L

2(X) 3L

750

Vertically

tackedmodularboilers

690

W

50

690 L 690

Dimensions

W

Width 01

module

L

Length

ofa

single

module

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

Access

space

is

required

forroutine

inspection, cleaning

and

adjustment

of he

boilers.

Space

is

required

atthe front of

he

boiler

fortheremoval ofcombustion

compartment

or

burner bars.

Accessis

required

at the rearof he setforaccess to

flue,

shunt

pumps,

flowand

return

headers,valves,

etc.

54 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


Ml 4 Cast Iron Sectional andSteel Boilers

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

1100mm

L

[+200mm

S W

S W

S W S

ll ll ll

4 4 4

••

2'

Dimensions

W

Width

ot

boiler

L

Length

ofboiler

S

Space

required

or

learance between

adjacent

boilers

=

1.5

n

burner ength

+

door

thickness)

=min

100

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

Access

is

required

o

inspect

and

overhaul he burner

assembly,

check boiler

casing

or

damage

or leaks.Clearance must beallowedfortheboiler

door obe

opened

by

90°withouttheremoval of

he

burner. Burner

sizes

can

vary

and

specific

datashould

be

sought

from the

burner

manufacturer.

All

fluewaysrequire cleaning pace

which s needed forward of heboilerface

for

boiler brush

clearance.

Generally

brushes are

single piece

and

run the

full

length

of

he

flue-ways,

this

dimension

maybe

significant. This space

will also

allow for

thewithdrawal ofa ube onasteelboiler.

Space

is

required

for

accessto the flues for

cleaning, inspection,

andcombustion

tests

atthe rear

of

he

boiler.

JULY1996

55



Space Requirements

Section5


Ml

5 Fuel Oil

Storage

-

Summary

of

space requirements

for

ylindrical

nd

rectangular

oil

storage

tanks

160

E

0)

-

40

Ct

C,

120

100

80

60

Space required

oroil

storage

anks

Oil

storage capacity m3)

Commentary

The

summary

above

indicates

ypical space

requirements

or

oil

storage

and

preheatingequipment

and

does

not

allow for

other

ancillary equipment

(dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

The

volume

expressed

in the

graphs

is the

total

storagecapacity

of the

installation.

56 JULY1996

3 tanks

—

cyl

horizontal

3 tanks

-

rectangular

-

—

—

—

—

— —

2tanks-cyl

—

—

- -

hzontal

I

2 anks

-

rectangular

I I

40

20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100

110

120



Space Requirements

Section 5


Ml

6 Fuel Oil

Storage

Tanks

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

Cylindrical

oil

storage

tanks

690

D

1000 D

690

I

—I

690 W

690

Bund

:>r-iZ

m'

SectionA-A

Dimensions

W Widthot

rectangular

tank

L

Length

of

ank

D Diameter

of

cylindrical

ank

Lh

Length

of

outf owheater

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

Accessis

required

all

around

thetanks for

inspection,

painting,

insulationand

repairs.Space

is

required

alsofor

draining

water from

the

tanks andremoval

of

the

outflow

heaters.

The

space requirements

of

he

re-filling

tankershould

also be

considered;

access

to

the

point

of

filling, turning

circle

of

he

vehicle,

etc.

JULY1996

57

Access

ladder

6901

L

LflIA

690

L

1100

Rectangular

oil

storage

anks

A

1150

x

-s

Sump

Oil

storage

tank o

B5799:Part .

Rectangular

x

A-

Access

ladder

I-

4501

mm

SectionX-X



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.1.2

Liquid

Chillers

This section

ives

he

space requirements

for both

vapourcompression

and

absorption

machines.

The

provision

of

clearances

and

access

is similar or

each

type.

Two common

groups

of

vapourcompression

machines

are

considered:

Packaged

air

cooled

type

The

single package

ontains

efrigeration

machineand heat

rejection

fans.

Normally

located outside the

building

to

facilitateheat

rejection hrough

its

air

cooledcondenser.

They

are

generally

available

up

toa

capacity

of

approximately

500kW

of

cooling.

Space requirements

are influenced

significantlyby

the need

to

allow free

movement

of air

through

the

machine

without

short-circuiting'

or

interacting

with other

machines.

However,

the

separation

dimension can

vary

considerably

betweenmanufacturersand lead toa similarvariation

in

space requirements.

Water

cooled

ype

-

Thesemachines useacondenser

water

circuit

as

a

means ofheat

rejection,

which

permits greater

flexibility

inits ocation.

As

a

consequence,

aheat

rejection

deviceisneeded to

dissipate

heat from the

condenser

circuit;

e.g. cooling

ower orairblast

cooler.

Typically,

they

are

usedfor

largercooling

dutiesfrom 50kWto in excessof

1MW

of

cooling.

The

space

forwater cooled machines is more

compact. However,

an

additionalallowance mustbemadeforthe

heat

rejection

device associated

with

this

type

of

machine,

see Section 5.1.9.

Space

and

entry

shall be

provided

for

the

replacement

ofa

compressor,

motor,

evaporator

or

condenser

tube without

disruption

to

other

services,

structure

or

fabric. These

tasks will have

a

significant

influence

on

space provision.

General

space

requirements

or

chillers

are based on the need

for

frequent

nspection,

cleaning

and

adjustment

andannualoverhaul.

Space

for

packaged

air

cooledchillers is

governedby

the same

requirements

as

cited

above,

but in

addition,

sufficient

space

mustbe allowedbetween ndividual

units in a

multiple

machine installation

o

prevent

he interaction

of air

flows.

The

required separation

between

machines,

or

from the

enclosure,

should

be

sought

from

the manufacturer's nstallationdata.

The

plant

areas

shown in

data sheet

M2.

1

show a

ypical

range

needed

by

chiller

plant

excluding

ancillary

plant).

This

datashould

be used as

a

preliminary

check

to

determine

f

ufficient space

has

been

allowed. Even

if here

is

compliance

with

the

requirementsndicated,

thisshouldbefollowed

up

to ensurethat the

space

is

proportioned correctly

to

allow

key

tasks

to

be carried

out;

e.g.

space

for

removal

of

tubes.

Risk assessment

-

mainhazards which

nfluence

space provision:

•

Manual

handling

Theremoval ofa

compressor

ormotor on the

majority

ofchillers will

require

the use of

amechanical

lifting

device. For

larger

screw and

centrifugal

chillers,

which

may

have

life

expectancies

in

excess

of

80,000

hours

run,

permanent

provision

for the

removal of

heavy

plant

components

will

be

necessary, e.g.

lifting

beam.

58

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


Sufficient

space

must be

provided

not

only

in the

plant

oom

to lift and

manoeuvre

compressors,

motors, etc,

butalso ontheentire

egress

route

from the

building

whichmust be

capable

of

safely

bearing

he

weight

of

that

component

and ts

lifting

mechanism.

•

Hazardous substances

Some

of

herefrigerantsused

in

vapour

compressionmachines

have the

potential

o

cause suffocation

by

exclusion

of

air,

are

toxic andlor

flammable,

the

extent

varying

with the

refrigerant

ype. Replacements

for

CFCs

and

HCFCs are no

exceptions;e.g.

R134a

has

ow

flammability

and

toxicity

rating,

conversely

ammonia s

more

hazardous

n

both

respects.

Exposure

to

both

is

controlled

under the

COSHH

Regulations.

The size of

the

plant

room

and heventilation

trategy

should

be

considered

in

order

that

safe

exposure

levels

are

not exceeded

in

the event of

a

sudden lossof

refrigerant

rom

the

machine.

Toxicity,asphyxiation

hazards and

flammability

are

safety

issues

which

shouldbe dealt with

in

the

design

of he

system

in their

own

right.

The

influence

on

space

requirements

affects

the

selection

of

volume

of

he

chiller

space

(and

itsventilation

trategy).

If he

refrigerantcharge

s

catastrophically

lost into the

plant

oom

space

thehealthand

well-being

of

someone

in that

space

should

not

be

at

risk;

see BS

4434

and

COSHH

Regulations

for

specific

guidance

on

exposure

limits to

refrigerants.

Measures

o

minimise

this

risk

may

involve

the

provision

of

protective

equipment

and/or

a eak

detection

system.

•

Tripping

For

example,

low level

pipework

connections

to

evaporators

and

condensers,

see

Section 3.1.2

on basic

hazards.

•

Hot/Coldsurfaces

For

example,

hot

discharge

gas

pipework,

see

Section 3.1.2

on

basic

hazards.

Good Practice

•

BSRIA.

Space

and

weight

allowances for

building

services

plant

-

References

inception

stage

design.

1992.

•

HVCA. Standard Maintenance

Specification

forMechanical Services in

Buildings.

Vol II

-

ventilating

and

air

conditioning

systems.

1991.

•

CIBSE.

Commissioning

code series: R.

Refrigerating systems.

•

ASHRAE.

ANSJJASHRAE 15-1989.

Safety

code

for

mechanical

refrigeration.

Legislation

and

•

Health

and

Safety Regulations:

Regulations References

-

Ri,

R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8,

see

Section 2.2.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Code

of

practice

for the

accommodation

of

building

services

in

ducts.

•

BS

4434.

Specification

for

safety

aspects

in the

design,

construction

and

installationof

refrigerating ppliances

and

systems.

•

BS5970. Code

of

Practice for the

thermal insulationof

pipework

and

equipment

(in

the

temperaturerange

-100°C

to

+870°C).

JULY1996

59



Space Requirements

Section

5


M2.1

Liquid

Chillers

-

Summary

of

space requirements

torair cooled and watercooled chillers

(N

E

-o

C)

a

C)

C

400

600

800

1000

Cooling

output (kW)

Space requirements

or

aircooled chillers

C-')

E

a

C

CC

C)

CC

CC

a

0

500

1000

1500 2000 2500

Total

cooling capacitykW)

Space

requirements

orwater cooled chillers

(for

wo

equal

sized

machines)

Commentary

The

summary

above indicates

ypical space

requirements

orchiller

plant

and

does notallowfor

ancillary

equipment

(dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

The loadexpressed

n the

graphsis the total installed

cooling

capacityof the

installation.

Space requirements

or

aircooled

chillersare

dependent

on

manufacturer's

ecommendations where

hereare

considerable thiferences inthe

clearances

required

for

air

intakes on the sides

of

he machines.

60

JULY1996

0 200

0



Dimensions

S

Separation

between

adjacent

machines

(see

manufacturer s

recommendation). Space

required

or

emoval

ot

evaporator

tubes

ncorporated

in

clearance

to avoid airtlow

nterference

between

adjacent machines,

when S is

greater

than

W.

T

Separation

between

machine nd

enclosure

(see

manutacturer

s

recommendation).

W Widthofchiller

L

Length

ot

the machine

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

Access

space

is

required

or

routine

inspection,

cleaning

and

adjustment

of he

plant;

leak detection on

refrigerant

pipework,

access

to

control

panels,pressure

and

emperaturegauges, safety

and

control

valves,

sightglasses,

etc. This will be

ona

frequent

basis and

thus

require permanent

clear access.

Replacement

of

major

plantcomponents

such

as

compressors

or

motors

will

require

heuseofmechanical

liftingequipment,

hus

space

shouldbeallowed

to

accommodate

the

handling

of he

plant

temand he

lifting

device; e.g.

electric

hoist onmobile

gantry.Lifting eyes

should

be

specified

for individual

plant

components

to

facilitate

mechanical

handling.

Space

will be

required

for

replacement

of

evaporator

ubes.

Sufficient

space

must

be

allowed

for the

withdrawal

of he

tube, equivalent

o the

full

length

of the heat

exchanger

plus

clearance.

Separation

between ndividual units is

needed to avoid interactionand short-

circuiting'

of

air

flow.The

air

cooledchillersshown are assumed tobe draw-

through'

discharging through

the

top

of he unit.

JULY1996

61

Space Requirements Section

5


M2.2

Packaged

AirCooled

Liquid

Chillers

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

I

W

S

W

I

1100

I I

L

600



M2.3

Water

Cooled

Liquid

Chillers

-

Space

Details

Dimensions

W Widthofchiller

L

Space

required

or

emoval

of

condenser

or

evaporator

tubes.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

See notes on datasheet

M2.3.

Space

will

be

required

for

replacement

of

evaporator

andcondenser

tubes.

Sufficient

space

must be

allowed

for

thewithdrawal

of

he

tube

equivalent

o

the

frill

length

of he heat

exchanger plus

clearance.

For

large

screwand

centrifugal

machines

(in

excess

of

1MW

coolingcapacity)

a

permanent ifting

beam

may

be

necessary ;

this

will

require

a loortobeam

clearance of heorder of

4.Om.

62 JULY1996

Space Requirements

Section

5


L L

ccess

Requirement 600

Frequent

690

W

1100

W

1100

600

Control

panel



Space Requirements

Section5


M2.4 Hermetic

Absorption

Chillers

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

and

Space

Details

c'J

a

0

0

0

Ct

Ct

0

L)

Space

Details

Dimensions L

Length

ofchiller W Widthofchiller

Control

panel

door

Commentary

Space

requirements

or

absorption

chillers

are

similar to

those for

vapour

compression

machines. Sufficient clearance

must be

provided

on

all

sides of he

machine

for

access

for

maintenance.

Particular attention

should be

paid

to the

control

panel

doorclearance and

space

for the removal and

replacement

of heat

exchanger

tubes.

Space

requirements hown

n the

graph

are

for the

chillers

only. Ancillary equipment

suchassteamorhot waterboilers

servicing

the

machines'

generator,

or heat

rejection

devicesare not shownorallowed for in the

space provision.

JULY1996

63

Ion

160-

140-

120

—

Inn

-

0

—

60

—

40

—

20

I I I

I

I I I I

I

I

1000

Space

2000

requirements

3000

br

hermetic

4000 5000 6000 7000

absorption

chillers

8000 9000 10000 11000

Total

cooling capacity (kW)

L

Ill

00]

ontrol

anel

door

1100

W

1100

W

1100

1

Cu

1

.

'I

Ilir]

L

L

'1

1100



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.1.3

Pumps

Three

categories

are

considered:

Circulating Pumps

-

Serving

'closed-circuit'

pipework systems; e.g.

heating,

chilled

water,

condenser

water

(although

in

some cases

may

be

open circuit). Pumps

with

small/medium

duties (less han

4kW

motor

size)

can be fitted

in-line

(pipeline

mounted)

toreduce

space requirements. Largerpumps

flow

rates

in

excess of15

Ifs)

are

generally

floormounted.

Space

provision

may

be

influenced

by

other factors other

than

accessfor

maintenance,

e.g.

connection

o

header

pipework.

Space

requirements

of

pumps

are dictated

by

the need for

frequent

maintenance

of

bearings

and heir

seals,

checking

and

cleaning

of

strainers, adjustment

ofbelt

drives,

etc.

Motorscan

be

fitted

to

pump

volutes

in

horizontal or

vertical

planes.

Motors which

are

horizontally

mounted

usually require

more floor

space

but

allow

ready

access

to seals

and

bearings.

•

Booster sets:

Fire

Protection

Serving

sprinkler,

hosereel and wet riser

systems.

Two common

types

of

fireservice booster set:

i)

Duplicate

electric

pumps

: Contains

two

electric-driven

pumps

+

possible

ockey

pump

and

control

panel.

ii)

Diesel

back

up

set:

Containsone

electric driven

pump

and

ockey

with

diesel

driven

support

pump

and

control

panel.

General

space requirements

are based ontheneed for

frequent

inspections

withtest runs and he

possibility

of

occasional

replacement

of

motors.

•

Booster

sets:

Drinking

and

Domestic

HotWater

-

Serving

cold

potable

water

systems

and other

domestic

uses within

a

building.

Two

common

ypes

of

package

booster

set

are:

i)

Single

duty

duplicate

pump

set

comprising

twoelectric

pumps

with

pressure

vessel and

control

panel.

ii)

Multiple

variable

duty

set

with several

pumps,

pressure

vessel and

control

panel.

General

space requirements

are based on

the

need for

frequent

inspections

and

he

possibility

of

occasional

replacement

of

pump

motors.

Risk assessment

main

hazards which

nfluence

the

provision

of

space:

•

Manual

handling

Sufficient

space

must

be

provided

to

lift and

handle

he

removal

of

motors

and

pump

bodies.

Space

must

not

only

be

provided

inthe

vicinity

of he

pump

but

also

on the entire

egress

route

from

the

building

which

must be

capable

of

safely bearing

he

weight

of hat

component

and ts

lifting

mechanism.

The

removal

of

a

pump

motor on

the

majority

of

sprinkler

andwetriser

sets

will

require

the useofa

mechanical

lifting

device.

Also,

the

removal

of

the diesel

engine

where

appropriate,

will

require

a

mobile

engine

hoist.

64

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

5


Tripping

Pipework

discharge

onnections

re

generally

taken

to

high

level. However

in the

case

of

boostersets a smallamountof low level

pipework may

be

connected to an

adjacent

suction ank. See Section 3.1.2 onbasic hazards.

•

HotJCold urfaces

SeeSection 3.1on basichazards.

Good

Practice

•

BSRIATN 9/92.

Space

nd

weight

allowances for

building

services

plant

References

inception

stage

design.

1992.

•

HVCA. Standard

Maintenance

Specification

forMechanical Servicesin

Buildings.

Vol

1

-

Heating

and

pipework systems.

1990.

Vol II

-

Ventilating

and air

conditioning systems.

1991.

Legislation

and •

Health

and

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri, R2, R3, R4, R6,

see Section 2.2.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Code

of

practice

for the accommodationof

building

services

inducts.

•

BS6880. Low

temperature

hotwater

heating

systems

of

output greater

than

45kW.

Part

1: Fundamental

design

considerations. 1988.

Part

2:

Selection

of

equipment.

1987.

Part

3:

Installationmaintenanceand

commissioning.

1988.

JULY1996

65



Space Requirements

Section

5


M3.1

CirculatingPumps

-

Space

Details

600

Preferable

max

mounting

height

1200

Dimensions

W

Width ot

pump

V

The clearance

on

the

pump

side ot he set

may

be

ntluenced

by

other

tactors

esides

access,

e.g.

connections

o headers.

S

Will be

nfluenced

by

aclorsother han

access,

e.g.

suction

pipework

connections.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

Access

space

is

required

for

frequent

inspection,

cleaning

and

adjustment

of

he

pump

and

motor.

In-line

pumps

mounted nvertical

pipework

shouldnotbefitted

higher

than

1200mm from

the

finished floor level

to

permit

safe

handling.

Atthis

height

a

maintenance

engineer

should not

manually

ift and

ower loads

greater

than

20kg;

ifa

twisting

action s

nvolved

in

this

process

the

maximum load

will be

lower,

see Manual

Handling Operations Regulations.

Loads

greater

than

this

should

behandledwith

mobile mechanical

lifting

devices

or with

ceiling

mounted

liftingeyes

or

lifting

beams.

If n-line

pumps

are

located above

preferredmountingheight,

space

must

be

provided

for the

erection

andsafeuseof

staging

for maintenance

purposes.

Where

pump

component

loads

require

mechanical

handing,

sufficient

space

must

be

allowed for

the

lifting

device

to

allow

it

to

bebrought adjacent

o the

pumpto

permit

safe

handling

of he loadand

hen

manoeuvred

to the

location

where he

repair/overhaul

will be carriedout.

Access

Requirement

Frequent

In-line

pumps

mounted in vertical

pipework

600

Elevation

lan

690

1+

50

Finished

loor

level

Close

coupledpumps

Elevation

Plan

690

150

W

150

690

S

L

1.SxL

700mm

S

A

single

common

ump

base

may

be

used

tor

everalsmall

pumps, working

clearances

still

apply

66 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

5


M3.2 Booster

Sets:

Fire

Protection,

Drinking

and Domestic

Water

-

Space

Details

Suction

ank

Boosterset: Fire

Protection

x

W

1100

600

L

600

Booster et:

Drinking

Water

and Domestic Water

Dimensions

L

Length

of

package

unit

W Width of

package

unit

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

X

Typically

theseunits will be

placed

against plant

roomwall.Refer o

mant. recommendations

Commentary

See notes ondatasheet M31.

Space

requirements

or

diesel

enginestandbypumps

will be

considerably

greater.

JULY1996 67

Access

Requirement

Frequent

600 L 690 500 600

x

W

1100



Space Requirements

Section5


5.1.4 Pressurisation Units

Membrane

pressure

vessels

require

access tothe vessel o

adjust

the

pressure

as

necessary,

internal

access to

the tank and

space

toservice the level controller.

Precharged

vessels with

spill

tanks

require

accesstothe

pressure

vessel or

topping-up,

to the

pumps

for

inspection/lubrication,

internal

access

to the

spill

tank and

space

to

service the level controller.

Both

systems require

all-roundaccess for

general

attendanceandremoval of

equipment

items.

Riskassessment

-

main

hazardswhich influence the

provision

of

space:

•

Manual

handling

Space provision

mustbesufficientforthe installationand

possible

replacement

of

he entire

package.

On

larger

units

allowance should

be

made for the mechanical

lifting

and

handling

of

majorcomponents

such as

pressure

vessels

and

pumps.

•

Tripping

Therewill be low level

pipework

associated with

the

pressurisation

unit

that

may

constitutea

ripping

hazard.Low level

pipework

should not

intrude into

access

space

-

see Section3.2.

•

Pressurised

Gas

Sufficientclear

space

shouldbe

provided

for the safe

handling

and

storage

of

pressurisedgas

bottles.

Good Practice

•

BSRIA.

Space

and

weight

allowancesfor

building

services

plant

-

References

inception

stage

design.

1992.

•

HVCA.

Standard Maintenance

Specification

forMechanical Services

in

Buildings.

VolI

-

Heating

and

Pipework Systems.

1990.

Legislation

and

•

Health

and

SafetyRegulations:


-

Ri,

R2, R3, R4,

R6

&

R7,

see

Section 2.2.

•

The Pressure

Systems

and

Transportable

GasContainers

Regulations.

1989.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Code

of

practice

for

he

accommodationof

building

services

in ducts.

•

BS6880. Low

temperature

hotwater

heatingsystems

of

output

greater

than

45kW.

Part

1:

Fundamental

design

considerations.

1988.

Part

2: Selectionof

equipment.

1987.

Part

3: Installation

maintenance and

commissioning.

1988.

•

BS7074.Part2:

Application,

selection and nstallationof

expansion

vessels and

ancillary

equipment

for sealedwater

systems.

CodeofPractice

for

low

and

medium

temperature

hot

water

heating systems.

BSI.

1989.

68

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

5

Component

Requirements

M4.1

PressurisationUnits

-

Summary

of

Space

Requirements

22

E

-o

20

a)

18

0.

'I,

C

Co

C-

Commentary

Thesummary

above indicates

the

typical space

requirements or

membrane

pressure

vessels and

precharged

vessels

with

spill

tank.

Space requirements

are

expressed

inrelationto thewater contentof he

system

and

emperature

change

which occurs

under

normal

operational

conditions.

JULY1996

69

V

Jca1ran9>

T'

100

200

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10,000

12,000

U,

a)

14,000

a)

C

0

0

I:

500 600

700

800 900

Expansion

volume

(litres)



Elevation

690

L

690

Plan

Pressurisation

unit

-

hydronicsystems

Pre-charged

vesselswith

spill

anks

1.lxH

over

H

690

w

1100

Commentary

Accessand

space requirements

are

governedby

the installation and

possible

subsequent eplacement

of he entire

package.

On

large

unitsconsideration

should

however

be

given

to

access

to

and

handling

of

major

components

suchas

pumps,

vesselsandbottled

nitrogengas.

Thevessels on

large pressurisation

unitswould

require

mechanical

lifting

devices for safe

handling

which

necessitates

appropriate

pace provision

andclearheadroom.

70 JULY1996

Space Requirements

Section

5


M&2

Pressurisation Units

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent



Space Requirements

Section 5

Component

Requirements

5.1.5 Water

Treatment and Water

Softening

Equipment

will

consist

of:

Water

softening

plant.

Chemical

container and

dosing pump.

Softened

water

storage.

Salt

storage.

The

systems

considered are:

•

Base

exchange

water

softening

sets.

•

Chemical

treatment

froma

container

and

dosingpump

nto

piping

systems

via an

njection fitting.

Bothof hese

systems

require

space

for front

and

side

access

to

equipment

items

andfor

handling

saltcontainers

currentlyplastic

sacks)

to

replenish

he

brine

tank

of

hesoftener.

Space

to

remove,

manoeuvre and

replace

the chemical

drums

forthe

water treatment

systems

s

also

required.

Both

systems

require

front and side accessfor

general

attendanceandremoval

of

equipment

items.A

majorspace requirement

elated to water treatmentis he

storage

of

salt/

chemicals.The trafficroute betweenstore and

plant

needs

consideration also.

Dosing pots

are used for the manual

input

ofwater treatment chemicals tolow

temperature,

ow

pressure

closed

systems.

Although

it isa

simple

deviceitwill

require

direct

and

clear

access for valve

operation

and

dispensing

hemicals

into

the

container.

The water treatment

plant

discussed above

represents

common

but

basic

systems.

More

sophisticated

forms ofwater

treatment,

e.g.

reverse

osmosis,

will

have

greater

access

requirements;

eference

should

be

made to manufacturers

recommendations.

Risk

assessment

-

mainhazards

which influence

the

provision

of

space:

•

Manual

handling

The

provision

of

space

willbe

governed

by

the

handling

of

vessels which

may

necessitate the useofmechanical

lifting

and

handling

devices

on

larger plant.

Also consideration should

be

given

to

facilitating

he

lifting,

carrying

and

decanting

of

salt and

chemical containers.

•

Spillage

of

chemicals

Space

needs

o

be

sufficient

for the

safe

handling

of

salts

and

chemical

drums ominimise the riskof

spillage.

Provisions

need to

be in

place

in

the event of

spillage

ofwater treatment

chemicals;e.g.

eye wash,

hand

washing,

etc.

Good Practice

•

HVCA.


Specification


References

Buildings.

Vol IV

-

Ancillaries,plumbing

and

sewerage.

1992.

Legislation

and

•

Health

and

Safety

Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri,R2, R3, R4, R6,

see

Section

2.2.

•

Controlof

SubstancesHazardous oHealth

Regulations.

1988.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Code

of

practice

for

the

accommodationof

building

services

in ducts.

JULY1996

71



Space Requirements

Section 5


M5.1 WaterTreatmentand Water

Softening Space

Details

14

a,

g

12

0

(1)

0

-o

a,

=

a

,

Ca

a,

C

10

8

Access

Requirement

Frequent

6

4

2

0

20

40

E

C,

Ca

0

0)

100

-o

a,

g

120

Ca

a,

<140

60

80

w

1100

Commentary

The

summary above

indicates he

typical space

requirements orwater

treatment.

All-round clearance will be

required

o

equipment

and

anks for

general

attendance

and

removal of

components

when

necessary,

and

for

replenishment

f

brine

regenerator.

Softened water

storage

ank

will

require

nternal

access, space

to

servicewater

level

controller,

and

a

water-proofed

"safe"

in

case of

ank

failure where anks are

installedabove

accommodationareas.

Drain-out

provisions

will also

be

necessary.

Space should

be

allocated

for

the

storageof

salt

-

3

months

supply

for

a

hard

water

supply

for

a

system

witha

high throughputmay require

of heorder of

10m2

of

storage

area.

72 JULY1996

600

L

600



Space Requirements Section5


5.1.6 Water

Storage

This section onsiders

he

storage

ofhot and coldwater fora

variety

of

applications e.g.

domestic coldwater

supply,

sprinklers,

domestichot water

supply

etc.

Cold

waterstorage

Storage

cisterns

covered

by

thissectionare

assumed

o

be

sectional GRP

or

galvanised

mildsteel.General

space

requirements

are

based on the need

for

regular

inspections

and occasional maintenance ofvalves. On

less

frequent

occasionsinternal

cleaning

of he tank

may

be

required.

The

type

of

sectional tankwill affectthe

space

required

for erection.

Internally

flanged

as

opposed

to

externally

langed

sectionswill

allow thesideof he tankto

be

placed against

awall. With his

arrangementspace

must stillbeallowed for

pipework

and

valves ateither end of the tank.

This seemsamore efficientuse of

space

but the

opportunity

of

nspection

and

cleaning

of

he tank

face

against

the

wall

is

ost.

HWS calorifiers

(with

storage)

-

General

space requirements

are

based ontheneed for

regular

inspection

and

periodic

internal

cleaning

of he calorifiers.

RiskAssessment

mainhazards:

•

Manual

handling

Innormal

use there shouldbe

no

majorhandlingproblems

with

sectional

coldwater tanks. In the rare eventofa tank

panel

failure the

panels

can

be manhandled

by

2

people.

Most

removable

components

on

calorifiers

are

unlikely

to be oo

heavy

for

handlingby

2

people.

Removalof heheat

exchangers

in

large

calorifiers

may require lifting

equipment.

Replacement

of

arge

calorifiers will

requireheavy liftingequipment

such

asabeam and

pulley

block.

•

Tripping

Tankconnectionsat ow level will

nevitably

beonaccess routesand

step

over

ramps

should be

provided.

Overflow

and

floatvalveconnections

at

medium or

high

level should be

routeddown

the

side of the

tank to avoid

crossing

access routes.

Connections will

be

made

to

calorifiers

at

various levelsnormally from

high

level

pipework.

Careful

planning

should avoid connections

crossing

access

routes with

vertical

pipework

from

connections

kept

as

closeas

possible

to thecalorifier.

•

Tankaccess

Fixedexternalandcorrosion-resistantinternal

ladders shouldbe

provided

to maintain hefloatvalve

and

gain

access to the insideof he tank.

•


To reduce

the risk

of

egionellosis,stagnation

ofstored water

should be

preventedby

avoiding

oversizing

and with

good

water

distribution

n

the

vessel;

input

one end

output

theother.In

general,

the

cold

water

storage

tank

should

be

sized

for no

more thanthe

daily

wateruse.

JULY1996

73



Space Requirements

Section 5

Component

Requirements

GoodPractice

•

BSRIA

TN 9/92.

Space

nd

weight

allowancesfor

building

services

plant

References

inception

stage

design.

1992.

•

HVCA. StandardMaintenance

Specification

forMechanical Servicesin

Buildings.

VolW

-

Ancillaries,

Plumbing

and

Sewerage.

1992.

•

NHSEstates. Health

Technical Memorandum 2023. Access and

accommodation

for

engineering services.

1995.

•

CIBSE. Technical Memorandum. TM13:

Minimising

the risk

of

legionnaires

disease.

1991.

•

HSE.

Health

and

Safety

booklet HS(G)70.

he

control

of

egionellosis

(including legionnaires

disease.

1992.

Legislation

and

•

Healthand

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri,R2, R3, R4, R6,

seeSection

2.2.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Codeof

practice

for

the

accommodation

of

building

services

in

ducts.

• BS

6700. Design,

installation, esting

and

maintenance

of

services

supplying

water for domesticuse within

buildings

and heir

curtilages.

74 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section5


M6.1 Water

Storage

-

Summary

of

pace requirements

for

old water

storage

tanksand HWS

storage

calorifiers

160

—

E

-c

ci)

a

140

—

g

Cci

ci)

120

—

-

—

-

Typical

range

-

0

10

20

30

Commentary

The

summary

above indicates the

typical

space requirements

orsectional cold

water

storage

anks

and hot

watercalorifiers

and

does

not

nclude

anyancillary

equipment.

Afreeboard

of

500mm

has been

assumed

for each ank.

ForHWS

Storage

calorifiers

the

lower

boundary

limit

representsspace

for

vertical

vessels,

the

upperboundary

limit for

horizontal vessels.

JULY 1996

75

100

80

60

40

20

0

-

Typical

range

-

20

Cold Water

Storage

(assumes

500mm ree

board)

40 60

100

-o

a)

-

80

a)

Co

<

60

40

20

0

80 100

Storage Capacity (ni3)

40

50

Total

Storage Capacity (m3)

Hot Water

Storage

Calorifiers

Two

equally

sized Calorifiers



Space Requirements

Section

5


M6.2 Cold Water

Storage

-

Space

Details

Where external base

tianges

used

Dimensions

L

Length

of

ank

W Widthof

ank

H

Height

of ank

S

Space

to

Accomodate

intlow/outtlow

pipework

typically

1500mm

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary Space

requirementshave been basedupon

he use

of

a

sectional GRP

tank

or

galvanized

mild steel.Afreeboard of500mmhas been assumed oreach tank. An

addition of500mm shouldbe madetoclearance

heights

where externalbase

flanges

are

used

76 JULY1996

Access

Requirement

Occasional

S

L S

N N N

NMN

500

W

500

350

(790

orman

access)

H

500

N N N

N

N

N

[I [1



Space Requirements

Section 5


M6.3 Hot Water

Storage

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Occasional

Space

forTube Bundle Removal

600

x

x

1100 D 1100

Elevation

Dimensions

L+600

1100

Horizontal Calorifiers

I I

I

D

Diameter

ofvertical

calorifier

X

Length

of ube

bundle

H Dimensiono acilitate

cleaning

of he

loorof he vesselofscaleand

other

debris

(approx 500)

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary Spacerequirements

are

governed by

the need to removeheater tube bundlesand

to

gain

access

to the

calorifier

manhole

for internal

inspection.

JULY1996

77

___________

D

1.2D

Isolating

alvesclearof

withdrawal

space

for ube

bundle

D 1100 D 1100

600

L

Space

for ubebundle emoval



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.1.1

Air

Handling

Units

Generally

air

handling

units

(AHUs)

have

the

largest space requirements

of

he

mechanical services

plant

tems.The

space requirements

for access

are

also

large.

Where

space

allowances

are

reduced

inorder to

improve

the net to

gross

floorarea

ratio,

the clientshouldbe aware of

he

implications

on maintenance

and

repair.

Two

categories

of

air

handling

units are

considered:

•

Mechanical Ventilation.

•

Air

Conditioning.

Specialist

containment

systems

such

as

microbiological afety

cabinets,

systems

handling

nuclear or

chemical

warfare

agents

and

fume

cupboards

areexcluded.

Specialist

advice should

be

sought

on these

systems.

The

space

requirements

ndicated

allow for construction and

assembly

as well

as

access

for maintenance

.g.

the

removal

of

coils,

filters

and

fans.

The useofdemountable

partitions may

be

specified;

if

a coilneeds

replacement

the

partition

willberemoved tofacilitatecoil withdrawal. The removal ofa

masonry

wall

isdeemed

unacceptable

asa

means

of

providing

access

to

plant.

Demountable

partitions

willbe

accepted

if

hey

canberemoved in 3 hours and

re-erected in4

hours,

butworkshallnot

nterrupt

the normal

operation

of he

establishment.

This

approach

will increase the

repair

time

but

will save on

space.

The

graphs

which summarise air

handling

pace

requirements

M7.1)

have been

separated

into

space

for mechanical ventilationand

space

forair

conditioning

plant.

Mechanical ventilation

plant

will

typically

have fewer

components

thanair

conditioning

plant

and

herefore

require ess

space.

Both

graphs

give

a

generalrange

defined

by

an

upper

and ower

boundary.

The

upper

boundary

will

be

typically

or

single

decked

plant

and he lower

boundary

for

double decked

plant.Although

double decked

plant

will

require

ess

plant

room

area,

the floorto

ceilingheight

will

naturally

need

to

be

greater.

Floor-by-floor

air

handling

plant

is

ndividually compact

intermsof

space

requirements,

however thecollective

space

requirement

will

normally

be in

excessof hat

provided

froma

single

central

plant.

Risk assessment mainhazards which nfluence the

provision

of

space:

• Manual

handling

Plant

space

must be sufficientfor the removal of

arge bulky

tems suchas

heating/cooling

coils.

The

coil

length

will dictate

he

withdrawal

pace

allocated. Coils

with

large

cross-sections

may

be

split

into

modules

to

facilitate

easy

removal and

handling.

Where

heavy plant

items are

involved

e.g. large

fans,

a mechanical hoist

will be

required,

or

provision

of

a

permanent ifting

beam.

Sufficient

space

must be

provided

not

only

in the

vicinity

of he item

of

plant

for the

component

andits

ifting

and

carryingequipment,

but

also

along

the

entire

egress

route.

78 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


•

Falls rom

height

Some

larger

air

handlingplant may

be

'double decked'

which

may require

maintenance

ccess above2m

height.

In this

case, frequent

maintenance

checks and

adjustments

ontheA}{Umust be facilitated

by permanent

catwalks

protected

with

guard-rails.

For the

removal

of

coils

orfans,whichmaybe

expected

to

be

infrequent,

temporaryhigh

level access

may

be

provided

with

appropriate caffolding.

Space

is still

required

fortheerection of hemaintenance

platform

and

safe

working

and

handling

of

equipment

at

high

level.

•

Tripping

For

example

low level

pipework serving

coils,

condensate

drains,etc;

see

Section 3.1.2 onbasichazards.

Good Practice

•

BSRIA TN9/92.

Space

and

weight

allowances for

building

services

plant

-

References

inception stage desigu.

1992.

•

I{VCA.StandardMaintenance

Specification

for Mechanical Services in

Buildings.

Vol

II

-

ventilating

and air


1991.

•

NHSEstates. Health


and

accommodationfor

engineering

services. 1995.

Legislation

and

•

Health

and

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8,

see Section 2.2.

•

Building Regulations: Approved

DocumentK

-

Stairways,

ramps

and

guards.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Code

of

practice

fortheaccommodationof

building

services

in ducts.

• BS

6180. Code

of

Practice or

protective

barriers

in

and about

buildings.

•

BS

5395:Part3.

Stairs,

ladders

and

walkways.

Codeof

Practice or the

design

of

ndustrial

type stairs, permanent

adders and

walkways.

JULY1996

79



Space Requirements

Section 5


M7.1 Air

Handling

Units

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

200

E

180

1

60

.

40

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

TcaImnge

—---

Space

requirements

orAir

Conditioning

Commentary

The

summary

above

indicates

ypical space requirements

or

air

handling

units

for

mechanical

ventilation

andair

conditioning

AHUs.

It

represents

the

space

for

the

supply

and extract

AHUanddoes

not

allow for

ancillaryequipment dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

80

JULY1996

Space requirements

orMechanical

Ventilation

Air

volume

m3/s)

240

E

220

200

180

C

Co

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 4

8

12 16

20 24

28

Air olume

m3/s)



Space

Requirements

Section

5


ir00

Filterbank removal

(All dimensions

n

mm)

ii:

w

W/2 600

Sectionalisedcoils

to

reduce

space required

and

improve handling

ot

argecoils)

Commentary Space

requirement

or

air

handling

plant

is

governedby

the

removal

of

major

plantcomponents

such

as

coils,

fans

and filter

pods.

Isolating

valves must be locatedclearof he coil withdrawal

space

to

prevent

obstruction.

Large

coilscan be sectionalised to

reduce

the

space

needed for

coil

withdrawal. Accessto

the

both

sides

of

hecoil section

will

be

necessary

to

facilitate

emoval

and

handling

of

hecoil.

Units

which

operate

under

high humidity

must have

sufficient

space

for

regular

and

adequate

cleaning

anddisinfectionofcoilsand

drip

rays,

etc. Also corrosion

can be

a

significant problem

on structure

and as a

consequence

thereis

aneed to

gain

access

to all

sides of he

unit,

i.e. not locatedhard

against

thewall.

JULY1996

81

M7.2 Air

Handling

Units

-

General Points

Air

Handling

Plant

77(ithdrawal

—

space

Space

orcoil emoval

andclearance

Pipework

broken

here tor

coil

removal

Avoid his

Isolating

valves

obstructcoil

removal

Section

onnectors

W/2

1



Space Requirements

Section 5


M7.3 Air

Handling

Units

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

KEY

seedatasheetM7.3

Dimensions W

Width of

AHU

L

Length

ofAHIJ

(This

will

be

significantly

onger

for ir

conditioning ystems

which

normally

have

a

greater

number

of

components

han

mechanical

ventilation

HUs)

A

Attenuator

length

For

cooling

coils

h

Height

allowance bove

inished

floor

level

to

accomodate

condensate

trap.Trap

mustbe

deep enough

to esist

suction

pressure

of an and

provide

sufficient all to

discharge

to

adjacent

drain.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

Accessis

required

o

inspect

theconthtion of

ilters,

dampers,

fans,

heirdrives

and

guards

on a

frequent

basis

;

these tasks

requirepermanent

safeaccess.

The

changing

offilterswill

normally

be

ata moderate

frequency.

If he AHU s

double decked this

may require

maintenance

platforms

protected by

a

safety

rail.

Cleaning

of

coils,

fan motor

checks

and

adjustmentswill

take

place

on

an

occasional

basis,

access

provision

for adouble decked

system

may

be

temporary.

If

staging

susedit should be

designed

forthesafe

handling

of

plant

n termsof

space

and

be

capable

of

safelybearing

he

loads

of

plant components.

82 JULY1996

Withdrawal

space

tor ilter

pods

Withdrawal

space

forcoil

\".

it:

L

W

H

Plan

**ThiSdimension

may

be educed to200mm fAHU

installation

oes

not

require op

access

W+600

71w

600*

*

Thiscan be

reduced

if

provision

s

made

to avoid dirt

and

debris

buildingup

behind he AHU

A

C

LU

H_

Trap

'l

Elevation

Gulley



Space Requirements

Section 5


M7.4

Floor-by-floor

Air

Handling

Units

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Freshair shaft

Frequent

___________________________________

W1+600

600

690 L

Exhaustairshaft

Dimensions

Wi Widthof

supply

sectionof

AHIJ

W2

Widthofexhaust section

L

Length

ofAHU

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

See notes

on

M7.3andM7.4

regarding

maintenance

asks

on

coils, filters, fans,

etc.

Floor

by

floor air

handing

plants

will

give

greater

flexibility

formulti-tenanted

buildings

but

will

generally require

more

space

for

plant

(in

otal)

than

a

conventionalcentral station

arrangement.

n smaller

buildings

low

profile

air

handling

plant up

to 1

m3Is)

can

be

locatedin

the

false

ceiling

void much

the

sameas fan

coils;

the

provision

formaintenancewillbe

similar,

see section 4.0.

JULY1996 83



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.1.8

Fans

Two

fan

types

areconsidered:

•

Centrifugal

ans

(Single inlet/single

width

and

double inlet/double

width)

•

Axial fans

Fansdiscussed here are individual

plant

temswhich are used

in

ventilation

systems

which

may

be

simple supply

or

extract

arrangements

as

distinct

rom

the

packaged

air

handlingplant

discussed

in5.1.7.

Space

should

be

provided

for the

frequent

checks on

drives,

cleaning

and

lubrication

of

bearings,

etc.

Space

is also

required

for

the

possible

removal

of

majorplantcomponents

such

as

motors,

or

the

fan

impeller

and

casing.

Axial fans

may

be mounted n-line at

high

level

as

a

means of

reducing pace

requirements

n

the

plant

room. In-line

mountingmay

be in thehorizontal

or

vertical

plane. High

evel axial flowfans whichhave

support

frames with anti-

vibrationmountsfitted

below

thefans can intrude into bend

space below

by

more

than

expected. Larger

axial

fans will tend

to

be

floor mounted.

The

space requirements

ndicated n the data sheets summarise

he

space

required

for individual

centrifugal

andaxial flowfans. The

upper

boundary

is

typically

for

double

inlet,

double

width

centrifugal

fans

and

a

ower

boundary

is

defined for

single

inlet,

single

width

centrifugal

fans.Axial fans tend tobe more

compact

whichis

ndicated

by

the lowest

boundary

line.

If

high

level

in-line

axial

fans are used the

space requirement

will

be

reduced still

further,

but

space

provision

for the erection of

temporary

ccess formaintenance

purposes

must

be

considered.

Risk

assessment

main

hazards which nfluence the

provision

of

space:

•

Manual

handling

Plant

space

must be sufficient for the removal of

arge bulky

tems such as

motorsor

fans.

Where the fansare

large,

a mechanical hoistwillbe

required,

or

provision

of

a

permanent ifting

beam.

Sufficient

space

must

be

provided

for the

component

being

removedandthe

lifting/carrying

devicenot

only

in the

plant

oom but

on the entire

egress

route.

•

Falls

from

height

Some

axial fans are mounted

n-line

at

high

level which

will

require

maintenance ccess above 2m

height.

On smallfans this

may

be

temporary

safe access

for

inspection, adjustment

and

ubrication. On

larger

fans

located

at

high

level

frequent

maintenance asks must be

facilitated

by permanent

platforms protected

with

guard-rails.

For theremoval ofaxial fans at

high

level,

temporaryhigh

level access

may

be

provided

with

appropriate caffolding.

Space

is

required

for

erectionof hemaintenance

platform

withsufficient

space provided

on

the

platform

for safe

working,

handling,

and

owering

of

equipment

rom

high

level.

•

Rotatingmachinery

Fixed

guards

are

required

o enclose

dangerousparts

of

rotating

machinery, pulley wheels,

fan

belts, etc,

with

finger

proof

meshes.

84

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5

Component

Requirements

GoodPractice

•

BSRIA

TN9/92.

Space

and

weight

allowances for

building

services

plant

-

References

inception

stagedesign.

1992.

•

HVCA.


Specification

for

Mechanical Services in

Buildings.

VolII

-

ventilating

andair


1991.

•

NHS Estates.

HealthTechnical Memorandum 2023. Accessand

accommodationfor

engineering

ervices.

1995.

Legislation

and

•

Healthand

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri, R2, R3, R4, R6,

see Section

2.2.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.

Codeof

practice

for

the

accommodationof

building

services

in ducts.

JULY1996

85



Space Requirements

Section

5


M8.1 Fans

Summary

of

Space Requirements

E

-o

a

,

C,

'C

0.

Commentary

The

summary

above indicates

typical space

requirements

or

centrifugal

and

axialflowfans.

It

represents

he

space

for

the

fan,

motor

and,

where

ndicated,

attenuators

anddoesnotallow for

ancillary

equipment

(dealt with

separately

in

thisdocument).

86

JULY1996

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

-

—

Typical

range ..—

z>-

I I I I I

0 4 8

12 16

20 24 28 32 36 40

44

Volume low rate

(m3/s)



Space Requirements

Section 5


M8.2

Centrifugal

and Axial

Fans

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Occasional

Centrifugal

Fans

floor

mounted)

1100

x

1100

1000mm

H

I I I

W

600

Dimensions

W Width

of

an

X

Depth

of an

D Diameter 01axial110w fan

A Attenuator

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Attenuators

length

approximately equal

to

one andiameter

690

D

1100

600

Flexible connection

Commentary

Access

is

required

o

inspect

the

condition

ofdrivesand

adjust,

lubricate

bearings,

on a

occasional

basis. For smallaxial fans mounted n-lineat

high

level

with

sealed-for-life

bearings,

temporary

ccess

may

be

sufficient.

Space

must

be

provided

also for

the

removal

of

major

plant

components

suchas

motors

orfan

casings

together

with the

mechanical

lifting

device

which

may

be

used to handleand

manoeuvre

largerplant

tems.

JULY1996

87

600

Axial fans

(floor mounted)



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.1.9 Heat

Rejection

This section onsidershe

following

heat

rejection

devices:

•

Cooling

Towers

-

open

and

closed-circuit

owers,

using

nduced

or

forced

draught.

•

Air

cooledcondensers

Space

requirements

or

cooling

owers

must be

sufficient

to

allow

for the

effective

cleaning

of

he

tower,

its

packing (open

tower)

or

tubebundle

(closed

-

circuit

tower)

and

pond. Space

mustbe

sufficient

for

regular stripping

down

of he unit

and

provision

must be madefor

handling arge bulkycomponents

such

as

the

packing

section.

During

his

process

consideration

shouldbe

given

as to

where

the

large

plant

components

will be stored.

The maintenance

of

cooling

owersis

governedby

the

need

to

minimise the risk

of

egionnaires

disease;

detailed

guidance

is

given

inHSE and

CIBSE

documents,

see

data

sheetM9.1.The need

to

ensure

the

cleanliness of

he

tower,

its

packing

(open tower)

or tube

bundle

(closed

tower)

and

ponds

is

essential.

Cleaning

will

becarried out at least

twice

a

year

-

in

polluted

environments

it

may

be more

frequent.

Itwill necessitate he

stripping

down

of he

tower

to

clean

individual

components

such

as

packing, louvres,

eliminators

and the

pond.

Generally

located

outsideonthe

roof-top

or

ground

level

pen, space

should be

allowed for the

use

ofacrane for

nstallation orremoval

of

majorcomponents.

If

located

internally

with ductedair

supply,

sufficient headroom should

be

provided

for the

dismantling

of he tower

and

removal

of

arge bulkycomponents

and

he

associated

liftingequipment.

For

forced

draught

cooling owers

using

centrifugal

fans,

space

must

be

provided

for the removal of he fan shaft which

may

run the

entire

length

of he

unit,

driving

anumber of

mpellers.

The use of

axial

flow fans

will reduce

the

space

requirement.

Aircooledcondensers

require

a

greater

area than

cooling

owers for the same

heat

rejection

load.

Both

cooling

owers

and air

cooled condensers

need free

access

for the

entering

air.

Buildings,

enclosures

and

other

heat

rejecting

devicescan

disrupt

that

airflow orcause

'short-circuiting'

whichwill affect he

equipment performance.

Itis

essentialthatunits are

separated

n

accordance

with

manufacturer's

recommendations

to

minimise

the

interaction.

Risk assessment mainhazards which nfluence

space provision:

•

Manual

handling

The

packing

or tube

bundle section

ofa

cooling ower,

axial fans locatedat

high

level on induced

draught

towers

and air

cooledcondensers will

require

mechanical

lifting

equipment

for

removal. Sufficient

space

must

be

allowed for the removal

of

hese

components

in

the

vicinity

of he

plant

and

along

the entire

egress

route

from

the

building

whichmust also

be

capable

of

safely bearing

the

weight

of hat

component

and

its

lifting

mechanism.

88 JULY1996





•


Thecontrol of

egionellosis depends upon

cleanliness of

he

towerand

condenser water.

Space

andaccessaround the towerwill be

governed by

the need to

carry

out

regular

inspection

and

cleaning,

seebelow for CIBSE

and HSE

guidance.

•

Tripping

For

example,

low level

pipework

connectionsto

cooling

ower

ponds

and

aircooled

condensers,

see Section 3.1.2onbasic hazards.

•

Falling

rom

height

Frequent

nspection

and

cleaning

will be

necessary

for

components

located

at

high

level,

such as

eliminators andinduced

draught

fans. For

large

cooling

owersand aircooledcondensers the

working

height

will

almost

certainly

be

above

2m,

and

permanent

safe access

may

be

necessary

in

the

form

of

a

maintenance

platform protected

with

guard

rails.

Good Practice

•

BSRIA

TN

9/92. Space

and

weight allowances for building services

plant

-

References

inception stage desigu.

1992.

•

HVCA. Standard

Maintenance

Specification


Buildings.

VolII

-

ventilating

and air


1991.

•

NHS Estates. Health

Technical Memorandum 2023. Accessand

accommodationfor

engineering

ervices.

1995.

•

CIBSE. Technical

Memorandum TM13.

Minimising

the riskof

legionnaires

disease.1991.

•

HSE.Healthand

Safety

booklet

HS(G)70.

The

control

of

egionellosis

(including legionnaires disease).

1992.

Legislation

and

•

Health

and

Safety Regulations:

Regulations

References

-

Ri,

R2,

RB,

R4, R6,

see

Section

2.2.

•

BuildingRegulations: Approved

DocumentK

-

Stairways, amps

and

guards.

•

HSC.

Approved

Code

of

Practice.

The

prevention

of

egionellosis

(including

legionnaires

disease). 1991.

British Standards

•

BS 8313.Codeof

practice

for the

accommodationof

building

services

in ducts.

•

BS6180.

Codeof Practice or

protective

barriersinandabout

buildings.

•

BS

5395:

Part

3.

Stairs,

ladders

and

walkways.

Code

of

Practice or the

designof ndustrialtype stairs, permanent adders

and

walkways.

JULY1996

89



Space Requirements

Section

5


M9.1

Cooling

Towers and

Air

CooledCondensers

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements byCooling

Towers and

Air

Cooled Condensers

Cooling

Towers

E

-n

a)

a

a)

Ca

Ca

Ca

0

Air-cooledCondensers

c

250

-c

a

)

Ca

Ca

0

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

Commentary

The

summary

above

indicates

ypical space requirements

or

cooling

owers

(forced

draught

and nduced

draught)

and aircooledcondensers.

It

represents

the

space

for two

units of

equalrating;

the

total

heat

rejection

of

he

setis

expressed

inthe

graphs.

The

space provisions

do

not

allow

for associated

quipment

(dealt

with

separately

n this

document).

For

cooling

owers he

upper

limit is

typified

by

forced

draught owers,

the lower

by

induced

draught types.

The

space requirement

foraircooled condensers

(ACCs)

is

significantly

greater

than

for

cooling owers;

theupperlimit

typified by

low

profile

ACCs,

the lower limit

by

machines with vertical

coils.

90 JULY1996

0 500

1000 1500

2000 2500

Heat

ejection (kW)

0 500

1000

1500

2000 2500

Heat

rejection

kW)



Space Requirements

Section

5


M9.2

Cooling

Towers

-

Space

Details

1

I

I

I

I I

___I

___

L

L

Forced

Draught

with

Centrifugal

Fans

HSH HSH

I

I

Induced

Draught

with Axial Fans

Dimensions

L

Length

of machines

S

Separation

between

adjacent

machines

(see

manufacturers

ecommendations)

I

Separation

fromenclosure

(see

manufacturer

s

recommendations)

W Width

of

machine

Commentary

Space

is

required

for the

permanent

safeaccess

provisions

for the

frequent

inspection

and

cleaning

of all

the

towers'

wetted

surfaces. The

towerneeds

tobe

stripped

down

to

gain

accessto

the

packing (open towers),

tube bundle

(closed

-

circuit

towers)

and

the

ponds

foreffective

cleaning

andwater level control

adjustment.Space

shouldbe

provided

tofacilitate he

dismantling

procedure

and

accommodatethe mechanical

liftingequipment

generally

needed.

The

spacing

of

cooling

owers

on

installations,

where

several

are

used,

should

be

such to

avoid

interaction

of

he air

flow

with

the enclosure

and

from other

machines to

prevent short-circuiting'.

On

larger

towers consideration needs

o

be

madefor

working

at

height;

thiswill

require

the

provision

ofmaintenance

platforms protected

by guardrails to

allow

frequent

nspection

and

cleaning of

components

suchas induced

draught

fans

andeliminators.

On

forced

draught

cooling

towers

using

centrifugal

fans,

sufficient clearance

needs to

be

provided

for theremoval

of

he fanshaft.

JULY1996 91

Access

Requirement

Frequent

I

L

S L I

T

W

I

I

W

T

T

L S

L

I



Space

Requirements

Section 5


M9.3 Air Cooled Condensers

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

T

boMoM

I

I L

T

T

OOOO

IOOMOOL

T

I

X S

L I

Space Requirements

orAir

Cooled Condensers

Dimensions

L

Length

ofmachine

S

Separation

between

adjacent

machines

(see

manufacturers

recommendations)

T

Separation

trom

enclosure

(see

manufacturers

recommendations)

W

Width otmachine

Commentary Space

is

required

for the

frequent nspection

and

cleaning

of

he

condenser

coils,

fans

etc. which

requires permanent

safe

access.

Space

shouldbe

provided

to facilitate

heremoval

of

principal

elementssuch as

axialflow

fans

which

are

generally

located at

high

levelandaccommodate the

mechanical

liftingequipment

needed.

The

separation

of

air

cooled condensers (ACCs)from the enclosure

and

from

other

heat

rejection equipment

is

critical to avoid

interactionof the air

flow

and

'short-circuiting'.

92

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


5.1.10 Lifts

There are

two common

groups

of lift drive

systems.

•

Electric

Traction

Lifts

•

Hydraulic

Lifts

General

space requirements

or lifts are based

upon nspection, cleaning

and

adjustment

at

frequent

ntervals.

Space

should alsobe

provided, however,

against

the

requirement

to

replace

a drive

unit,

traction

sheave, motor, hoisting

ropes

or controller.

Provisions

for safe

working

in

machine/pulley

rooms

-

It

sessentialthata safemeans ofaccess be

provided

and hat

permanent

safety

signs

are

displayed

on

the

outside

of

he machine

and

pulley

room doors.

Electric lighting should

be

provided

on

the

basis of

at

least

200

lux

at

floor level

and

at

the

equipment.

In

addition,

an

adequateemergency lighting

source should

be

available

for use

in the

event offailure of

he

normal

ightingsupply.

All

dangerous

parts

are

required

obe

effectively

guarded,

unless

they

are so

placed

or

constructed

as

to

be as

safe

as

if

they

were

so

guarded.

The

following

items,

for

example,

are

consideredas

dangerous parts:

•

gear

and

pulley

drives

•

protruding

shaft ends

•

overspeed governors

Where practicable, consideration

shouldbe

given

to

the

provision

of

certificated

lifting

acilitiesforthe

handling

of

heavy equipment.

Electric shock

treatment

notices should

be

prominently displayed

in

the

machine room.

To

protectagainst

electric

shock,

a

rubber

mat

complying

with BS

921 and

of

suitabledimensions should be

placed

on the floor infront of

each

controller,

and

also,

where

necessary,

at he

rear.

Thefloorshouldbeof

non-slip

materials

without

ripping

hazards. When the

floor

comprises

a number

of

evels,

differing by

more

than

0.5m,

stairways

or

steps

and

guard

rails shouldbe

provided.

Ifaccess tothe mains switch fora iftis

difficult,

or remote from the liftmachine

and/or

controller,

the

following

precautions

hould be

adopted.

•

asuitable

stop

switch should be fitted

on,

or

adjacent o,

the

lift

machine;

•

a

meansof

nterrupting

hemain

supply

shouldbe

provided on,

or

adjacent

o,

the

controller.

On

multiple

installations,

eachmachine roomorall the machine and

pulley

room

equipment

associated

with

each ift

should

be

clearly

identified.

JULY1996

93



Space Requirements

Section

5


Proceduresfor

safe

working

n

machine/pulley

rooms

-

Doorsto therooms

shouldbe

kept

locked

to

prevent

unauthorised

ccess.

Works should

not:

•

be

undertakenon

machinery

whileit is

in

motion,

or

which s

capable

of

intermittent

motion.

•

be

carried out on

orso

near

tolive electrical

equipment

thatelectrical

danger foreseeablyarises,

unless

working

in this

way

is

unavoidable. In

such

situations,

adequateprecautions

should be taken

to

avoid electrical

shock or

burn

njuries, e.g.by making

use

of

nsulatingmats, temporary

shrouding

and nsulated

tools,

and heworkshould

only

be carriedout

by

a skilled

person,

underthe

DEO(W)

Safety

RulesProcedures

-

Electricity.

Riskassessment

-

mainhazards

which influence

the

provision

of

space:

•

Manual

handling

Theremoval ofa

motor,

drive

unit,

traction

sheave,hoisting opes

or

controller,

will

require

he

use

of

a

mechanical

lifting

device

and

he

permanent

provision

for the removal of

heavy plant

ifting

components

will be

necessary

e.g. lifting

beam.

Sufficient

space

must be

provided,

not

only

in

the

plant oom,

to

lift and

handle

he

removal ofdrive

units, motors, etc,

but

also on the entire

egress

route from the

building

whichneeds

o be

capable

of

safely bearing

the

weight

of hat

component

and ts

lifting

mechanism.

•

Working

on

top

of ift

cars

The

tops

of iftcars are

extremely

hazardous

areas,

and

only

authorised

and

properly

trained

personnel

shouldbe

permitted

on

the

top

of he

lift car.

•

Lift motor

rooms

The

lift

motor room

may

contain

rotatingmachinery

and

electrical control

devices.

Only

authorised

and

properly

trained

personnel

shouldbe

permitted

n

the lift motor ooms.

•

Lift wells

Theliftwells

may

contain

rotating

and

moving machinery. Only

authorised rained

personnel

shouldbe

permitted

n the liftwells.

Space requirements

or lifts

-

Reference

should

be

made

o

BS5655.

Part

5:

Specification

for thedimensions of

standard lift

arrangements.

1989.This Standard

gives

a

comprehensive guide

to

the

provision

of

space

for traction

and

hydraulic

lifts and motor rooms for

a

arge

number of ift

arrangements.

Good

Practice

•

CIBSE. Guide D

Transportation

n

Buildings.

1993.

References

•

NALM.

Principles

of

Planning

and

Programming

aLift Installation.

1994.

•

NALMICIBSE

Guidance

on

the

Management

and

Maintenance ofLifts

and

Escalators.

•

JAMES

G.

ProvisionsandProcedures

-

a

safe

combination.

Proceedings

of

ELEVCON,

pages

222-229.

1995.

Legislation

and

•

Healthand

SafetyRegulations:


-

Ri,

R2, R3, R4, R5, R6,

see

Section

2.2.

British

Standards

•

B55655.Lifts

and

service lifts:

Parts

1

to

12. 1983/1990.

•

BS7255. CodeofPractice for theSafe

Working

onLifts.

1989.

94

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


5.2CENTRALSTATION

PLANT

-

ELECTRICAL

5.2.1 HV

Equipment

Several

common

types

of

HighVoltage

(HY)

equipment

areconsidered:

•

HV

Switchgear

-

Indoor

•

Cast Resin

and

Dry

Type

Transformers

•

Indoor Substations with Cast Resinand

Dry

Type

Transformers

•

Oil FilledTransformers

and

Transformer

Compounds

•

Substationswith

Oil Filled Transformers

•

Ring

Main Units

•

Packaged

Substations

Where

a

substationor

switchgear

includes he

regional electricity company's

(REC's)

metering

he

REC

may

insist on

permanent

access.

This

can

often serve

an

additional unction

as an

emergency escape

route from the HV room.

Most indoor

switchgear

includesa ruck for withdrawal of he circuit breakeror

switch;

sufficient

space

must be

allowed

for this.

Transformers and

some

packaged

substationsare

provided

with

wheelsor

rollers and

switchgear

cubicles

require

suitable

trolleys

or

acks.

It

is

notcommon

practice

to install

lifting

beams in switchrooms.

Plant

removal from

external installationscan

be

carried out

using

a

streetcrane

providing

there are no overhead obstructions. Particular care must be takenif

there are

overhead lines.

With ndoor

switchrooms,

plant installation

and

removal

may

require

use

of

ork

lift trucks or manual

trolleys.

Access doorswith demountable lintels and

removable

panels

over thedoors

may

be

necessary.

Where cables

are installed

in

trenches suitable rench

covers

must

be

provided.

These must

be

smooth

enough

o allow

the

switchgear

truck

to be

wheeled across

if

necessary,

andbe

strong

enough

tocater for

any

plant

emoval

operations.

Allow

a

minimum

of

800mm access

space

for

fitting

cable

glands

or

greater

if

requiredby

the

manufacturer.

Anyspace

for

expansion

must be

designed

infrom the start andmust include for

allupstreamand

downstream equipment, for example

an

additional

transformer

would

requireprovision

for

an

HV

switchgear

cubicle,

an

LV switchboard and

routesfor theLVdistribution ablesorbusbars.

Additional

space

must

beallowed

for

auxiliary

tems such

as

tripping

batteries

and

storage

of

tools

or

switchgear

removal

trucks.

These

must not reduce he

clear

gangway

areas.

Separate storage pace

for transformeror

switchgear

oil

must

be

provided;

it is

notrecommendedto

keep

these

in the switchroom.

Indoor

transformersand

largeswitchgear

installations

will

require permanent

ventilation. The

heat

output

should be checkedwith

the

manufacturer.Sufficient

space

must be allowed for ductwork andfans.Ducts

may

needtobe constructed

from

fire rated materials or fitted with fire

dampers.

Some locations

may

require

a

ixedfire

fighting system.

(For

example

whereoutdoor

switchgear

is

nstalled

in

an

occupied building.)

JULY1996 95



Space Requirements

Section5


Indoor

substations

onstructed

using

external

switchgear (ring

main

units)

may

require

to beconverted tointernalcubicle

type

switchgear

ata ater date.

It

s

essentialthat sufficient

space

forthis is

designed

inatthestart.

Legislation

and

•

Electricity

atWork

Regulations: R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,

ee Section 2.2.

Regulations

British Standards •

BS 8313.Codeof

practice

for the

accommodationof

building

services

in

ducts.

•

BS6626 Code of

practice

formaintenance ofelectrical

switchgear

and

control

gear

for

voltages

above

1

kV and

up

to and

including

36

kV.

96

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section5


E1.1

HV

Switchgear

-

ndoor

-

Space

Detailsand

Summary

of

Space Requirements

Access

Requirement

Occasional

690

A

B

1000

690

W

W

W W

690

Access

50

-o

-

40

30

20

10

A

Typical

range

.-

—

I

—

I I I

0

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9 10

Number

of

cubicles

Headroom

Allow 3500

headroom.

Some

voltage

ransformers

require

to be

emoved

vertically

rom he

op

of the

cubicle

Clearance

Dimensions

,

B and W must be obtainedrom

manufacturers ata.

Dimension

Amust nclude

any

allowanceorcable ermination

boxes.

Allow 1000additional

pace

for

working

on withdrawn

reakers

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary Space requirements

are

typical

of

modern11kV

oil,gas

orvacuum

breakers,

switches

or

contactors. Some older

or

air-insulated

witchgear may

be

considerably larger.

JULY1996

97

I I I I I I



Space Requirements

Section

5


El 2 CastResin and

DryType

Transformers

-

Space

Details

(In

basic sheet steel

enclosures)

Access

Requirement

Occasional 690

Transformer 1 enclosure

W

Draw

out

space

Till

___________

W+1000

Draw

out

space

TR2

Translormer2enclosure W

690

690

690

690

Transformer enclosure W

Drawoutspace

W

%000

Escape

door

690

690

Headroom

Allow

at

east1000

clearance above

the enclosure. his

will

require

pprox.

3000

headroom

for

ransformers

p

to l000kVAand 3500

tor

arger

izes.

These

dimensions

may

need

to

be increased it

op enfry

connections re

used.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

In

multiple

transformer nstallations he

space

between

adjacent

units

should

be

atleast 1000more thanthe transformerwidth o

permit

accessfor

pullinggear

and

rotating

therollers

through

900.

See

dimensionX.

The

doors should

be

wide enough

to

permittransformer

emoval.

Installations

of

more

than

wo transformers

n

line will

require

doors for eachdraw

out

space.

(Continued)

98 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


[1.2

Cast Resin and

DryType

Transformers

(Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

40

-c

C,

=

a

<

30

-

2

TransformerS

20

_-

nsfor-

10

—

0

HI

__________

Transformer

rating

kVA)

Space Requirements

for

Transformer nstallation

Commentary

The

rating

n

the

graphs

is

the

rating

of

each

individual transformer.

JULY 1996

99



Space Requirements

Section 5


El

3

Indoor

Substations

with Cast

Resin

or

DryType

Transformers

-

Space

Details

(Transformers

in

enclosures)

690

C

A

W

W+1000(X)

W B

fl'\

scape

door

C,

*

o

0

F.m

a

Headroom

Allow at

east

1000

learance

above he allestenclosure. hiswill

require

approx.

3000headroom for ranstormers

up

o1000kVA and 3500 or

arger

sizes. These

dimensions

may

need

to be

ncreased it

op

entry

onnections

are used.

Clearances

Dimensions

A

and B should be 900 minimumbut B mustallow

tor

ny

Ring

Main Unit

operating

handles.

DimensionsCandD will

vary

t

rear

accesss

required.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

*

Space requirements

forHV

Switchgear

shouldbe determined fromData sheetEl 1

Commentary

Where the HVandLV

switchgear

and ransformerare installed n

separate

rooms the

space

requirements

hould bedetermined rom the datafor the

individual

equipment

items.

In

multiple

transformer nstallations he

space

between

adjacent

units

should be

at

least

1000

more

thanthe transformerwidth to

permit

accessfor

pullinggear

androtating

the

rollersthrough

900.

See

dimension X.

The

doors

shouldbe

wide

enough

to

permit

transformer emoval.

(Continued)

100 JULY1996

Access

Requirement

Occasional

Escape

door

690

690

Ct

a

w

a

,-

aem

00

mi5

E

I

E

—

I-

82t

aa

0

oo

cj

em

00

g

I I I I

D

*

690

I

I

I

I I

C A W W B

D



Space Requirements

Section

5


El

3

IndoorSubstationswith CastResinor

Dry

Type

Transformers

(Continued)

-

Summary

of

space requirements

E

-o

=

g

60

Ct

a,

2 Transfonners

—

Transformer

-

—-

-

Iii

I I I I

Space

Requirements

orSubstations

Cast resin or

dry

ype

transformers

IndividualTransformer

rating kVA)

Commentary

The

rating

n the

graphs

is

the

rating

of

each

ndividual transformer.

JULY1996

101

50

40

30

20

10

0

CC) U)

-

CC)

U-C

U)

(0



Space Requirements

Section

5


El 4

Oil Filled TransformersandTransformer

Compounds

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Occasional

Escape

door

690

L

690

690 W 690 W

Headrooni Allow3000headroom

for

ransformers

up

to 1000kVA

and3500

or

larger

sizes

Allowextra

height

oroilconservators if itted.

(All

dimensions

in

mm)

690

L

690

Commentary

Thedimensions L and

W

nclude he

requirements

or

an

oil

catchpit

of

ypical

depth.

In someinstallations

it

may

be

possible

tohave

a

deeper

catchpit

ocated

directly

belowthe transformer.

The

clearance

around

he

transformer

should

take

this

nto

account.

For

indoor

installations he

doors should

be

wide enough

to

permittransformer

removal.

In

outdoor

installations ransformerswill

normally

be

lifted

by

crane.

(Continued)

102 JULY1996

Oil catch

pit

Transformer

690

690



Space Requirements

Section 5


E1.4

Oil Filled TransformersandTransformer

Compounds (Continued)-Summary

of

pace requirements

60

-c

0

a

j

0

40

30

20

10

0

________________________________________

_________________________________________

Individual

ransformer

rating

kVA)

Space Requirements

or

Transformer nstallation

Oil filledTransformer &Transformer

Compounds

Commentary

The

rating

n the

graphs

is

the

rating

ofeach

individual transformer.

JULY1996

103

2

Transformers

----

Transformer

—

—

I I

—

0

—

c,

(0 C'J (0

'

(C)



Space Requirements

Section

5


E1.5

Substationswith Oil Filled

Transformers

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Escape

door

Frequent

I

__________________________

690

Oil catch

pit

_______

*

coc

Transformer

L

690

'C' A W

B'

-

Escape

door

690

Oil catch

pit

Oil catch

pit

*

0&)

Transformer Transformer

L

________ ________

>

690

C A

'

W 690 W

'

B

Headroom

Allow 3000headroom

for

ransformers

up

o

1000kVA and 3500

for

arger

izes.

Clearances

Dimensions

A

and B should be 900 minimumbut B mustallow

or

any

Ring

Main Unit

operating

handles.

Dimensions

C

and

D will

vary

f earaccess

is

required.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

*

Space requirements

or -tV

Switchgear

should be

determined

fromDatasheet

E1.1

Commentary

The

dimensions

L and W

include

the

requirements

or

anoil

catchpit

of

ypical

depth.

In someinstallations

it

may

be

possible

tohave

a

deeper

catchpit

ocated

directly

belowthe transformer.

The

clearance

around

the

transformershould ake

this

nto

account.

For

ndoor

installations

he

doors

shouldbe

wide enough

to

permittransformeror

switchgear

removal.

In

outdoor installations

equipment

will

normally

belifted

by

crane.

(Continued)

104

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section 5


El

5 Substations

withOilFilled Transformers

(Continued) Summary

of

Space Requirements

Space Requirements

forSubstations withOil FilledTransformers

Transformer

rating

kVA)

Commentary

The

rating

n the

graphs

isthe

rating

ofeach ndividual

transformer.

JULY1996

105

60

a)

=

a)

Ct

a)

40

30

20

10

0

2

Transformers

—

Transformer

—

—

I

I

I

I

U•)c,

c

'

)

-

CD

c)

(cC

—

—

C4)

C

(cC

c'J



Space Requirements

Section

5


El .6

Ring

Main Units

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Occasional

Ring

Main Unit

Operating

Area

Typically

-10

m2.

Rating

doesnot atiect

size

Headroom

Allow 3000

headroom

for ndoor

nstallations.

Dimensions A-

Ring

main unitwidth

B

-

Ring

main unit

length

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Allow additional

pace

tor

uture

conversion to

indoor

type

switchgear

tor

ndoor

nstallations

Commentary

The

operating

areamust allow for

any

removablehandles or doorsonoutdoor

units. For indoorinstallations he doors should be wide

enough

to

permit

equipment

emoval.Inoutdoor

installations

equipment

will

normally

be

lifted

by

crane.

106

JULY1996

690 B

690

H

690

A

Mm 1000



Space Requirements

Section

5


El 7

Packaged

Substations

-

Space

Details

-

With

dry ype

ransformers

in

basic sheetsteelenclosures

Headroom Allow

at

east1000clearanceabove he enclosure. This

will

require

approx.

000

headroom for ransformers

up

o 1000kVA

and 3500 or

larger

sizes.These dimensions

may

need

to

be ncreased

it

opentry

connections reused.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Access

Requirement

Frequent

Commentary

The

overall space requirements do

notvary

significantly

with the

different

transformer

orientations.The

doors should

be

wide

enough

to

permit

transformer

removal.

(Continued)

JULY1996

107

Spaceavailable

or

ancillaries

or

building

structure



Space Requirements

Section 5


El7

Packaged

Substations

(Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

6O

-o

0

0)

40

35

30

25

20

10

0

Space Requirements

or

Packaged

Substations

Commentary

The

summary

above indicates

ypical space

requirements

or substationswitha

typical

mix of

outgoing

LV circuits.

108 JULY1996

0

250 500 750

1000 1250

1500

1750

2000

Rating

kVA)



Space Requirements

Section 5


5.2.2 LV

Switchgear

and

Components

Three common

groups

ofLow

Voltage

(LV)

equipment

areconsidered:

•

Main LV Switchboards

-

both

front andrearaccess

•

LV switchboards andMotor Control

Centres

(MCCs)

in

Plantrooms

•

Control/Alarm/Supervisory

Systems

Sufficient

space

must be allowed for MCCsand

any control,

alarm or

supervisory

systempanels

installedin

plantrooms.

Auto ransformersand

arge

contactors

may requirespace

for

liftinggear

for removal.

Legislation

and

•

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations:

reference

-

R1,R2,R3,R4,R5

&

R6,

see

Regulations

section 2.2.

•

Electricity

at

Work: safe

working practices.

HS(G)85.

HSE. 1992.

British Standards

•

BS

8313. Code

of

practice

fortheaccommodation

of

building

services

in ducts.

•

BS6423. Codeof

practice

formaintenance

of

electrical

switchgear

and

controlgear

for

voltagesup

to and

ncluding

1

kV.

JULY1996

109



Space Requirements

Section

5



(Front

Access)

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

690

Frequent

H

Headroom

For

ypical witchgear height

of

2250 allow3000

headroom forbottom

entry

units and 3500 or

op

entry.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

2xW

(mm 2000)

Commentary

An

emergencyescape

exitshould

be

provided

but isnot

a

egal requirement.

(Continued)

110 JULY1996

690

LV

witchgear,

front

access

Circuit

Breaker Withdrawal

Space

w

w

690

w

V

witchgear,

frontaccess

Circuit

Breaker

Withdrawal

Space

1

Circuit Breaker Withdrawal

Space

LV

switchgear,

frontaccess

w



Space Requirements

Section 5


E2.1

Main LV

Switchboards

(Front

Access) (Continued)

-

Summary

ot

Space

Requirements

40

Ca

a,

Space

Requirements

or

Single

Switchboards

'40

C

Space Requirements

orTwo Switchboards face to ace

Commentary

For

single

units the

space

requirements

or

front

and rear

access

boardsare

similar. The

saving

n

depth

withafront accessboard

s

negatedby

the extra

length

of he

cabling compartments.

The load

expressed

in the

graphs

is the total installed

capacity.

JULY 996

111

30

20

10

wi

enerator

and bus

stion

breakers and PFC ubicle

0 300 1000 2000kVA

30

20

10

with

generator

andbus

stion

breakers and

PFC cubicle

\

/7Z<

Basic

0 300

1000 2000kVA



Space Requirements

Section 5


E2.2 MainLV Switchboards

(RearAccess)

-

Space

Details

Access

Requirement

Frequent

Circuit

'Front

Headroom

For

typical

switchgear height

of2250 allow3000

headroom

forbottom

entry

unitsand 3500for

op

entry.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

An

emergency escape

exit

shouldbe

provided

butisnota

egalrequirement.

For

single

units the

space requirements

or frontand rearaccess boards are

similar.Thesaving

n

depthwith

a

front

access

board

s

negated

by

the extra

length

of

he

cabling compartments.

(Continued)

112 JULY1996

690 690

LV

witchgear,

rear access

900

w

w

690

900

w

2xW

(mm

200

w

900

Front

Circuit Breaker Withdrawal

Space

Breaker Withdrawal

Space

LV

witchgear,

rear

access



Space Requirements

Section 5



(RearAccess)Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

40

30

20

2000

kVA

Commentary

The load

expressed

n the

graphs

is the total installed

capacity.

JULY1996 113

10

0 300

1000

SpaceRequirements

or

Single

Switchboards

40

33

with

generator

and bus

section

breakers

and PFC

cubicle

—

T

asic

—--

0

300

1000

Space Requirements

forTwo Switchboards face o ace

2000

kVA



Space Requirements

Section 5

Component

Requirements

E2.3

LV Switchboards

and Motor Conirol

Centres

-

Space

Details

-

General

requirements

for

nstallation

in

plant

ooms

or

electrical rooms.

Facing

Front rom wall

Front

romdoor

Backto back

Back trom wall

If rontaccessX

=

If earaccessX

=

90 A

Back romdoor

0

U-

End

from

door

Clearances

Dimensions

arked

A

may

need

to be

ncreased

toallow or

large

door

panels

ordraw-out ircuit

breakers.

Dimensions

arked

B

may

need

to be

ncreased

if

learance

for

moving arge

equipment

is

required.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Commentary

For situationswhere

space

cannot

befound

fora

single

larger

nclosure a

numberofsmallerenclosures

may

be

necessary.

114

JULY1996

0

U-

If ront

access

X

=

0

If ear

access

X

=

690

End on



Space Requirements

Section

5


5.2.3

Lininterruptible

Power

Supplies

Uninterruptible powersupplies

UPSs)

re considered undertwo main

categories.

Battery

rooms are similarfor both

types.

•

Static UPS

-

Space

requirements or the static UPS are similar

o

MCCs.

Units are in

floor-standing enclosures,

all

requiring

access from

the front with

some

manufacturer's

quipment requiring

rear

or side access

in

addition.

Larger

units

are

supplied

in

sections for

assembly

onsite.

Small

desk-side

UPSs for

individual

computer

stations

are notcovered

here.

•

Rotary

UPS-

Space

and

access

requirements

or

rotary

UPSs

vary according

to

the

locationof

he

motor-generator.

Where the

motor-generator

is mounted

n the

base of

hecontrol

cabinet

sufficient

space

must be

available

to withdraw

t

horizontally

before it

can

be

lifted.

•

Battery

Rooms

-

Access must be

provided

for

regularinspection

of

battery electrolyte

levels

and he

layout

should enable all cells tobe

nspected

or

topped upeasily.

Individualcellsare small

enough

to bemoved

through

personnel

access

doors

although

the

weight

of

arge

cells or

multiple

blocks will

require

a

trolley

of

some

type.

In

this

event

consideration should be

given

to

the

ingress

and

egress

route with

respect

o the

handling

ofa

loaded

trolley.

The removal ofa ransformeror

motor-generator

will

require

heuse ofa

mechanical

lifting

device.

On

largerrotary

UPSs the

motor-generator

may

weigh

4000

o

5000

kgand

permanent

provision

of

a

iftingbeam

should

be

considered.

Control cabinets of

arge

UPSs can

normally

be

split

intomodules or sections.

However,

some can stillbe

large

enough

tocause

handling

difficulties and

determine hesizeof he access route.

Space

must be

provided

for the

safe

storage

of

battery electrolyte

and

protective

clothing.

A

first-aid cabinet

and

eye-wash facility

are

required.

UPS installations

equire

ventilationboth for

the

equipment

room and

for the

battery

room.

Portable ire

extinguishers

hould

be

provided.

Legislation

and

•

Electricity

at

Work

Regulations:

reference

-

R1,R2,R3,R4,R5&R6,

Regulations

see

Section 2.2.

British

Standards

•

BS8313. Codeof

practice

fortheaccommodationof

building

services

in

ducts.

•

BS6132. Codeof

practice

for safe

operation

ofalkaline

secondary

cells

andbatteries.

•

BS6133. Codeof

practice

for safe

operation

of

ead-acid

secondary

cells

and

batteries.

JULY1996

115



a

-c

a)

=

0

)

Co

a

0

0

Headroom

MostUPSsot ess hanabout

75kVA

will

be

less han 1800

high

and

headroom

will

not

present

a

problem.

Units over100kVA

may

be

up

o

2200

high

and will

require

3000 minimum

headroom for

bottom

entry

units and3500for

op

entry.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

If

data

on

the

component

withdrawal

pace

is not

known,

a

space equal

to

the

depth

of

he cabinets

should

be

allowed.

DimensionsmarkedX

depend

onthe

requirement

or side orrear access. Where

side orrear accessis

necessary

allow 690 minimum.

116

JULY1996

Space Requirements

Section

5


E3.1 Static

Uninterruptible

Power

Supplies

-

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space Requirements

Access

Requirement

x

Frequent

x

-x

w

w

900

Multiple

units or

rallel

operation

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

700

Total

installedUPS

capacitykVA)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0



Space Requirements

Section 5


E3.2

Rotary Uninterruptible

Power

Supplies

-

Space

Details

x

x

Rotary

UPS

(with

internal motor-

generator)

Withdrawal

space

for

transformer

ormotor-

generator

w

900

Headroom

Most

UPS S01

less han

about 75kVA

willbe ess han 1800

high

and

headroom

willnot

present

problem.

Unitsover 100kVA

may

be

up

to2200

high

and will

require

3000 minimum

headroom

for

bottom

entry

units and 3500for

top entry.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

If

dataonthe

component

withdrawal

pace

is

notknown a

space equal

o

the

depth

of

he

cabinets

shouldbe

allowed. Some

manufacturers

provide

detachable

rails forremoval of he internal

motor-generator

andsufficient

space

must be

allowed for these.

DimensionsmarkedX

depend

on

the

requirement

or side orrearaccess. Where

side orrearaccess is

necessary

allow 690 minimum.

External

motor-generators

should be treatedas

rotating

equipment

and a

minimum

space

of900 should be

provided

on all sides.

Whereunits have

separatemotor-generators

thecables should

be

run

in

floor

trenchesor ducts.

Trench covers

shouldbe strong

enough

to

support

he

weight

of

any liftinggear

or

trolleys.

(Continued)

JULY1996 117

Access

equirements

Frequent

-x

w

900

-x

W

W

900



Space

Requirements

Section 5


E3.2

Rotary

Uninterruptible

Power

Supplies

Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space requirements

400 500 600 700

Total

installed

UPS

capacitykVA)

400 500 600 700

Total installedUPS

capacitykVA)

Commentary

The

rating

n the

graphs

is the

rating

of each ndividual UPS.

Battery

rooms

are

considered

separately.

118

JULY1996

a

-o

a

a

0

0

30

Multiple

units for

parallel

operation

25

—

20

—

—

15

10

—

5—

0

I I I

Single

unit with

bypass

0 100 200 300

Space

requirement

or

UPS

withintegral

motor-generator

C

—

Multiple

units or

paralleloperation

30

-

15

—

10

—

5—

0

I I

0 100 200

300

Space

requirement

or

UPS

with

separate

motor-generator

Single

unit with

bypass



Space Requirements

Section 5


E3.3

Ballery

Rooms

-

Space

Details

x

Headroom

Battery

racksshould be low

enough

o

enable

the

highest

ellso be

opped

up by

person

standing

n

the looiThe room

height

hould allowsufficient

headroom

under

any

ventilation

ucts.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

x

x

900

x

Commentary

A

working

area of900

minimum

depth

should

be

allowedin

front of

battery

racks.The

clearance between

the batteries

and

he

walls,

dimension

X,

should be

sufficient to

permit

viewing

of he backs

of hecells ocheck for

leakage.

(Continued)

JULY 1996

119

Battery

Racks

Eye

Wash

Battery

Racks



Space Requirements

Section

5


E3.3

Battery

Rooms

Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

a

150

45

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

The

graphs

are based on

a

single

level

battery

roomwith cells nstalled

in

tiered

racks.

The

kVA

ratings

are based on a

3-phase

400/230

VUPSwith

15

minute

autonomy.

120 JULY1996

Commentary

0 100 200 300 400 500

600 700

Total installedUPS

capacitykVA)



Space

Requirements

Section5


5.2.4

Rotating Machinery

Two

ypes

of

equipment

are

considered:

•

Diesel Generators

-

water

cooled,

high speedengines

•

Frequency

Convertors

Space

requirements

are

given

for watercooled

high speedengines

operating

at

1500or 1800revmm-1.

The

space

requirements

orductwork on air

cooled

engines

vary

according

to the

layout

of

he

engine.

Low

speed

engines

used in

base load or CHP

installationsare

generally

more

specialised

in

nature.

Inboth

cases the

manufacturer

hould beconsulted.

For

generator

installations

space

must be

provided

for

cooling

airductwork and

ancillaries uch as

day

tanks

or heat

exchangers.

The

room

must have

sufficient

headroom for

removing components vertically

abovethe

set.

Lifting

beams

should

be

provided

for

liftingengine components duringmajor

overhauls.

Allowance

must be made

for cooling

air

ductwork

and

fuel

and

exhaust

pipe

routes to the

generator

oom. Bulk

fuel

storage

anks shouldbe

outside

the

building

if

possible.

Complete

removal of he setfor

rebuilding

at the

manufacturer'sworks

may

involveremoval ofdemountable

partitions

orductwork. Demountable

partitions

are

acceptable

if

hey

can be removedor re-erected inaround

three

to

four

hours.

The

removal

of

a

masonry

wall is

deemed

unacceptable

as a

means of

providing

accessto

plant.

The removal of he

motor-generator

ofa

requency

convertor will

require

he

use ofa

mechanical

lifting

device.On

larger

units the

motor-generator

may

weigh

4000

to

5000

kg andpermanent

provision

of

a

iftingbeam

should be

considered.

Where the

motor-generator

is

mounted in

the base of the

control

cabinet sufficient

space

must

beavailable

towithdraw

it

horizontally

before it

can be

lifted.

Legislation

and

•

Electricity

at Work

Regulations:

reference

-

R1,R2,R3,R4,R5

&

R6,

Regulations

see Section 2.1.

JULY1996

121



Space Requirements

Section 5


E4.1

Diesel

Generating

Sets: Basic

Generator

Room

-

Space

Details

-

Water cooled,

high

speed engines (1500/1

800 rev

mm-i)

Access

Requirement

Frequent

P1

4

Airflow

4

Airflow

4

Airflow

Space

available

or

ancillaries

or

building

structure

Removable louvresor

doubledoorswith inlet

louvres

Removable louvres r

doubledoorswith inlet

louvres

BasicGenerator

Room

Headroom

Allow 3000

headroom for

he smallestsetsand 3500

above

about15OkVA.

Requirements varyaccording

o

engine onfiguration

and silencer ocation. Manufacturers atashould beconsulted.

Allow

space

for

ifting

beam

over

ength

of

generator

setand

clear

area behind.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary Space requirements

or

installations

using

remoteradiators withoutheat

exchangers

are similar o thebasic

layout.

Heat

exchangers

require

a similar

area to the

outlet attenuator shownon the roomwith acoustic louvres.

The

double doors

for

nstallation/removal

of he

set

may

be

at

either end but

should

be

in

line with

theset.

(Continued)

122 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Section

5


E4.1 Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

BasicGenerator

Room

(Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

-

Two Sets

cal

ange

I.

I I I

0

100 200

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Generator

Rating

kVA)

Space Requirements

for

Diesel

Generating

Sets

Commentary

The load

expressed

in the

graphs

is he

capacity

ofeach

generating

set.

JULY1996

123

-

Single

Set

E

-o

=

a

)

E

-a

a)

=

a

)

-

Typical range

1-

100 200 300 400 5( 0 600 700

800 900 1000

Generator

Rating (kVA)



Space

Requirements

Section5


E4.2 Diesel

Generating

Sets: GeneratorRoom with AcousticLouvres

-

Space

Details

-

Water cooled

high speed engines

(1500/1800

ev

mm-i)

Access

Requirements

Frequent

Space available

for

ancillaries

_______

or

building

structure

Headroom

Allow 3000

headroom

for he smallestsetsand 3500 aboveabout

15OkVA.

Requirements

vary

according

to

engine configuration

and

silencer location. Manufacturer

sdata

hould be consulted.

Allow

space

tor

ifting

beam

over

ength

of

generator

etand clear

area

behind

et.

Headroom

should allow or

any

acoustic

reatment

on the

ceiling.

(All

dimensionsn

mm)

Commentary

Space

requirements

or installations

using

remoteradiators without heat

exchangers

aresimilar tothebasic

ayout.

Heat

exchangers require

asimilar

area

to the

outlet attenuator.

Either

the

inlet or outlet

louvre

must be

removable for

set

installationand

removal. Accessis

required

for

cleaning

debris drawn nto the inlet attenuator.

(Continued)

124 JULY1996

Generator Room

with Acoustic

Attenuators



Space Requirements

Section5

Component

Requirements

E42 Diesel

Generating

Sets:

Generator

Room

with

Acoustic

Louvres

Continued)

-

Summary

of

Space Requirements

E

100

=

90

<

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

Generator

RatingkVA)

Two Sets

ge

Space Requirements

for

Diesel

Generating

Sets

Generator

Rating (kVA)

Commentary

The load

expressed

n the

graphs

isthe

capacity

ofeach

generating

set.

JULY1996

125

Single

Set

i---

I

I I I I I

100 200 300 400

500 600 700 800 900 1000

E

100

a,

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

100 200

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000



Space Requirements

Section 5


E4.3 Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

Generator Room with AcousticEnclosure

-

Space

Details

-

Water cooled

high speed engines (1

500/1800 ev

mm-i)

Access

Requirement

Frequent

Generator room

coustc

—

I

Diesel

I

generator

I

E

-II

-

Enclosure access

doors

(typical)

H

1500

1500

Commentary

The

upper

and ower imits

represent

the

space

requirements

or

typical

enclosures with

3OdB(A)

and

l5dB(A)

reduction

respectively.

126 JULY1996

H

4

Airflow

Removable

duct oair

outlet

Removable

duct from

airoutlet

4

Airflow

Space

availableorancillaries

_______ or

building

structure



Space Requirements

Section

5


[4.3 Diesel

Generating

Sets

-

Generator Room

with

Acoustic

Enclosure

(Continued)

-

Summary

ot

Space Requirements

-

Water cooled

high speed engines (1

500/1

800 rev

mm-i)

Generator

Rating kVA)

Headroom Allow at least1000 learance above he acousticenclosure. This

will

requireapprox.

3000

headroom for he smallestsetsand 4000 aboveabout150kVA. Silencers re

normally

nstalled

above heenclosure. Headroom should allow

or

any

acousticreatment on the

ceiling.

Allow

space

fora

ifting

beam over he

length

of

he

generator

enclosure

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

Access

Requirement

Frequent

Commentary

Most enclosures have sufficient internal

space only

forroutine

maintenanceand

minor

servicing. Space

requirementsmust

allow

fordismantling

he

enclosure

to

performmajor

workon the set.

JULY1996

127

*100

j90

80

<

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

caI

ange

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

700 800 900

1000



E4.4

Rotary Frequency

Convertors

-

Space

Details and

Summary

of

Space

Requirements

Access

Requirements

x

Frequent

F

=

a

C"

F

0

0

Headroom

Units over

100kVA

may

have

controlpanelsup

p

2200highand will

require

3000 minimum

headroom for

bottom

ntry

units and 3500

for

op

entry.

(All

dimensions

n

mm)

x

Commentary

Dimensions

marked

X

depend

on the

requirement

or side

or

rearaccess. Where

side orrearaccessis

necessary

allow 690 minimum.

A

minimum

space

of900 should be

provided

onallsides of

motor-generators

and

between

he

motor

generator

and he

open

cabinetdoors.

Cables

to the

motor-generator

should

be run

infloortrenches

or

ducts.Trench

covers should

be

strongenough

to

support

he

weight

of

any

iftinggear

or

trolleys.

128 JULY1996

Space Requirements

Section 5


x

900

900

900

900

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

00

-

—

-

-

ypical

Range

-

100 200 300 400 500

600

700

Rotary

convertor

apacity

kVA)



Space Requirements

6

Design

Certificates

The

Design

Certificates described in thisSection

provide

a

systematic approach

to establish

compliance

of

a

design

or installationwith

a

minimum

provision

of

access

and

space

for

services.

The

Design

Certificate is a

quality

assurance

ool

whichwill ensurechecks have been carried out on access

and

space

allowances.

Compliance

willbeestablishedwiththe

completion

of he checklists'

at

outline

and

detail

design

stagesof he

project,

with

a

final

check

at

handover.

Thechecklists and their use are described

below.

The

Design

Certificates should

certify

that thechecklist items are accounted for.

Any

deviations should

be

explained

and

be

fully

riskassessed.

6.1

CHECKLISTS

Theselistsare to

ensure

that the

principles

embodied

in

the FunctionalGuide

are

fully recognised

and aken intoaccount to

provide

a

simple

method of

recording compliance. Specimenchecklists

are

shown

in

Annexe

A.

6.1.1 Outline

Design Stage

At theOutline

Design Stage

it is

ntended

hat

consideration

is

given

to overall

adequatespace

forserviceswithinthe

ranges

indicatedwithinthisdocument

and/or other

published

documents.

Thus the checklist records that

acknowledgement

has been made

of

he

space

requirements

of

he

particular

nstallation.

Itisthe

responsibility

of

he

Project Manager

o

complete

the

Design

Certificate

with

reference

to this

Guide

to

verify

a

minimum

standard of

access

and

space

hasbeen built into the outline

design.

6.1.2

Detail

Design

Stage

At

the

Detail

Design

Stage

the

particular

checklist

provides

certification

that

sufficient

space

has

been

allocated

to enable

plant

to

be

placed

n

position

and

connected

safely;

that

sufficient

space

has

been

designed-in

tofacilitatesafe and

progressivetesting

and

commissioning,

andthat the

spaces

around all itemsof

equipment forming

the installationsaresafe foraccessandsufficient for all

maintenance

ctivities

necessary

for the installations.

JULY1996

129



Space Requirements

Section 6

Design

Certificates

It s he

responsibility

of he

Project Manager

o

complete

the

Design

Certificate

withreference to thisGuideto

verify

aminimum standardofaccess and

space

has been built into the detail

design.

6.1.3

Handover

Stage

The

Handover

StageSpace

Allowance checklist

comprises

anitemised

coverage

of

required

access

and

maintenance

spaces

and

isto be

used

toconfirmthat

the

provisions

made are

acceptable

in

every

instance and detailto the

person

responsible

for

takeover of

he

installations

on behalfof he

client.

Thischecklist alsoforms acertificate of

conformity

with all

space

allowance

requirements

and

should

be

counter-signed

by

the

Project Manager.

6.1.4

Records

Copies

of

all

checklists should

be

incorporated

into

the

Health

and

Safety

File

(CDM

Regulations R4,

see

Section

2.2)

and located

as directed

by

the

Project

Manager.

130

JULY1996



Space

Requirements

Annexe

A

-

Installation Checklists

This .Annexe

presents

specimen

checklists referred to in Section

6

of his

report.

JULY1996

131



Space Requiremenis

Annexe A Installation Checklists

OUTLINE DESIGN

STAGE

SPACE REQUIREMENTCHECKLIST

Item

Checked

Comments

Plant/switch

rooms

disposition

access

egress/escape

space

allowance

External services

underground

drainage

services trench

routes

accessibility

meter

room/sub-station locations

Distribution

ceiling space

verticalriser

allocation

riser

disposition

duct

entries

Signature

Role/Authority

132

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Annexe A Installation Checklist

DETAIL DESIGN STAGESPACE REQUIREMENTCHECKLIST

Function Checked Comment

Plantlswitchrooms

disposition

access

egress/escape

space

allowance

maintenance

pace

requirements

manufacturer's

pace requirement

plant

emoval and

replacement

routes

multi-service co-ordination

provisions

Distribution

riser

disposition

riser access

ceiling

void

space

ceiling

void access

maintenance

ccess

into

ceiling

void

plant

and

equipment

removal

multi-service

co-ordination

provisions

Signature Role/Authority

JULY1996 133



Space Requirements

Annexe

A

Installation Checklist

HANDOVERSTA6E SPACE ALLOWANCECHECKLIST

Function Checked Comment

Boiler

room

access allowance

egress/escape

manufacturer's maintenance llowances

burner

access

tube

cleaning

allowance

flue

cleaning space

plant removallreplacement

drainageprovisions

Control

panels

panel

clearance

noobstructions over

Pipework

nstallation

pipe

replacement

instrument/sensor

withdrawal

space

valveactuator withdrawal

pace

strainer basket

removal

space

Ductwork nstallation

instrument/sensorwithdrawal

space

damper

actuator

withdrawal

space

duct

heater/cooler

battery

access

manual

damper

access

fire

damper

access

Air

handling

plant

installation

damper

access

filter

access andremoval

space

heater/cooler

cleaning

access

space

heater/cooler removal

space

fan

access

Fuel

storage

installation

oil resistant

tankingall-round access

outflow

heater

withdrawal

pace

filter basketremoval

space

Water

storage

and

treatment

installation

waterproof

containment

all-round access

immersion heater removal

space

water

level controller's access

drainageprovisions

all-round

access

to

water

softener

salt

storageprovisions

salt

handling

equipment

134 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Annexe A Installation Checklist

HANDOVERSTAGE SPACEALLOWANCECHECKLIST

continued)

Function Check Comment

Pumps

accesstomotor

motorremoval

space

impeller

emoval

space

complete

removal

space

Pressurisation

equipment

accessallround

accessto

spill

tank

level controls

pump

emoval

space

nitrogen

cylinder storage

Fan

coil

units/VAV

erminal units

accommodation n

ceiling space

maintenance ccess

provisions

for

removallreplacement

location

marking

-

position/type

Ancifiary

equipment requirements

removal

space

allowancefor:

pipeline

hermometers

pipelinepressure

gauges

pipeline

controls sensors

motorised

valve

actuators

motorised

damper

actuators

pipeline

strainer

baskets

duct

-

mounted

instruments

duct

-

mounted sensors

space

for

draining

-

down

provision

for

drainage

near

to

drain

points,storage

tanks and other containers

HIT

switchgear

-

ndoor

access allowance

egress/escape

withdrawal

space

for circuit breakers

clearance

with

circuit

breakers

withdrawn

floor finish suitablefor

switchgear

truck

accesstoVTs

and

cable

termination

boxes

removal

space

forVTs

coverson loor trenches

no intrusion

by

other

services

(especially

wet)

JULY1996 135



Space Requirements

AnnexeA Installation Checklist

HANDOVERSTAGE SPACEALLOWANCECHECKLIST

(continued)

Function

Check Comment

Cast

resin and

dry

ype

transformers

access allowance

egress/escape

draw out

space

for transformers

floor

finish suitable

for transformer

wheels

or

rollers

access tocable

termination

boxes

coversonfloor trenches

no intrusion

by

other

services

(especially

wet)

Indoor substations

witheast

resin

or

dry

ype

transformers

(inc

packaged

substations)

as above

plus

space

for

ring

main unit

operating

handles

clearances aroundHV and LV

switchgear

Compounds

oroil filled transformer

access allowance

access tocable

termination

boxes

clearance around

any

drain

pipes,

conservators,

Buchholz

relays,

etc

size ofoilcatch

pit

Substations

with

oil

ifiled

transformers

as

above

plus

space

for

ring

main unit

operating

handles

clearances aroundHVand LV

switchgear

Ring

mainunits

access allowance

access

tocable terminationboxes

space

for

ring

main unit

operating

handles

LV

switchboards

access allowance

access tocable

termination

boxes

clearance with doors

open

orcircuit

breakers

withdrawn

(if

applicable)

no intrusion

by

other services

(especiallywet)

136

JULY1996



Space Requirements

Annexe A

Installation Checklist

HANDOVERSTAGESPACE ALLOWANCECHECKLIST

(continued)

Function Check

Comment

UPS

-

staticand

rotary

/

frequency

convertors

as

LV

switchboards

plus

drawout

space

for

transformersor

integral

motor

generator

floor finishsuitablefor

transformer

wheels

or

rollers

coversonfloor trenches

no intrusion

by

other services

(especially

wet)

Battery

rooms

access

allowance

cells

at

suitable

height

for

checking

electrolyte

level/toppingup

rear ofcells visible

protective clothing

and

safetyequipment

Rotating machinery

-

generating

sets

access

allowance

egress/escape

clearance

with circuitbreakers

withdrawnor

panel

doors

open

covers

on

floor

trenches

guards

in

place

access to

routinemaintenance tems

(filtersetc)

access

to batteries

access to inlet

air

louvres

access

aboveset for

disassembly

or

overhaul

Control

panels

asLV

swithboards

plus

controlsand

nstruments

atcorrect

height

Signature

Role/Authority

JULY1996

137



Space Requirements

Annexe

B

-

Change Suggestion

Form

If

you

have

any

comments onthisdocument

please

fillin

a

photocopy

of heform

opposite

and send

it

o

DEO(W).

Please donotuse the shadedsectionsof he

form.

138 JULY1996



Space Requirements

Annexe B

Change Suggestion

Form

CHANGE

SUGGESTIONFORM

DEFENCE

ESTATE

ORGANISATION

(WORKS)

St

George's

Barracks

Blakemore Drive

Sutton

Coldfleld

B75

7RL

Change Sug,

SpaceRequirements

for Plant

Access,

Operation

&

Monitoring

stion

Form

Originator: Date:

Ref:

Change

Suggestion:

Section:

Page:

Change

Detail:

Continuation

Sheet

ncluded ? Y/N

Reason:

Continuation

Sheet

ncluded ? Y/N

DEO(W)

Review

Action:

Ref:

Action Date:

Approved:

Actioned:

JULY1996

139



Printed

n

he United

Kingdom

for IMSO

Dd301374 9/96C19G559 10170

\UO



Documents

Space Requirement