Space Activities of the European Union. Analytical Report

Analytical Report Flash EB No 272 Space activities of the European Union

page 1

European

Commission

Fla

sh

Eu

rob

aro

me

ter

27

2

Th

e G

allu

p O

rga

nis

ati

on

Hu

ng

ary

This survey was requested by the Directorate General Enterprise and Industry and

coordinated by Directorate General Communication.

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.

The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Flash Eurobarometer

Space activities of the

European Union

Analytical report

Fieldwork: July 2009

Publication: October 2009

European

Commission

Analytical Report Flash EB No 272 Space activities of the European Union

page 2

Flash EB Series #272

Space activities of the European Union

Conducted by The Gallup Organisation, Hungary

upon the request of Directorate General Enterprise and Industry

Survey co-ordinated by Directorate General Communication

This document does not represent the point of

view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it

are solely those of the authors.

THE GALLUP ORGANISATION

Web-site for downloading the document: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm

Flash EB No 272 Space activities of the European Union Analytical report

page 3

Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Main findings ......................................................................................................................................... 5

1. Strategic importance of space research in Europe ......................................................................... 6

2. Satellite-based services ...................................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Familiarity ..................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Satellite-based applications ......................................................................................................... 10

3. Space exploration ............................................................................................................................ 14

3.1 Benefits of space exploration ...................................................................................................... 14

3.2 Increased EU activity in space exploration ................................................................................. 17

4. Budget priority ................................................................................................................................ 18

5. Annex tables ..................................................................................................................................... 21


page 4

Introduction

Space systems and space-based technologies are a critical part of the daily life of all European citizens

and businesses. From telecommunications to television, weather forecasting to global financial

systems, most of the key services that we all take for granted in the modern world depend on space to

function properly. Research and development activities are co-ordinated within the framework of the

overall European Space Policy, complementing the efforts of Member States and of other key players,

including the European Space Agency.

Space systems are clearly strategic assets that demonstrate independence and an ability to assume

global responsibilities. To maximise the benefits and opportunities that they can provide to Europe

now and in the future, it is important to have an active co-ordinated strategy and a comprehensive

European Space Policy.1

The Flash Eurobarometer Space activities of the European Union (Flash No 272) was conducted in

order to examine EU citizens opinions and to assess: a) their awareness of space activities of Europe and the European Union, b) their perception of these activities, and c) their general attitude toward

space exploration.

The survey fieldwork was conducted between 3 and 7 July 2009. Over 25,000 randomly selected

citizens aged 15 years and over were interviewed in the 27 EU Member States. Interviews were

predominantly carried out by fixed-line telephone, reaching ca. 1,000 EU citizens in each country (the

size of the sample was 500 in Luxembourg, Malta and Cyprus).

Although interviews were predominantly carried out by telephone via fixed-lines, interviews were also

conducted via mobile telephones and by face-to-face (F2F) interviews as appropriate. This

methodology ensures that results are representative of the EU27 Member State population. In most of

the countries where a large share of residents could not be contacted by fixed-line telephones (as many

do not subscribe to such service), a mixed-mode methodology was employed to ensure that these

individuals were questioned and this was done either through F2F interviews or by including mobile

telephones in the sampling frame. For this survey, mobile telephone interviews were conducted in

Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Portugal and Spain, and some F2F interviews in the Czech Republic,

Lithuania, Hungary, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania, Estonia, Bulgaria and Poland.

To correct sampling disparities, a post-stratification weighting of the results was implemented, based

on key socio-demographic variables. More details on the survey methodology are included in the

Annex of this report.

Please note that due to rounding, the percentages shown in the charts and tables do not always add up

exactly to the totals mentioned in the text.

1 See: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/index_en.htm


page 5

Main findings

The majority of European Union citizens regard European space activities as important from the

perspective of the EUs future global role: one in five citizens considered such activities very important (20%) and a further 43% felt that space activities are important.

When asked about the importance of developing various space-based applications for Europe, EU

respondents were most keen on (further) developing environmental/natural monitoring systems:

58% found this very important. Regarding other services the mood remained generally positive;

the proportion considering these very important remains in the one-quarter to one-third range

(satellite-based communications, positioning system and satellite-based monitoring to improve

citizens security)

EU citizens generally acknowledged that there may be various benefits related to space

exploration, (it may add to human knowledge, it may help to protect our planet, it may help to

find new raw materials and energy sources and it may boost economy through technological

innovations), and showed a widespread support to extend EU activities in space exploration.

26% of all Europeans thought that the EU should definitely do more in the field of space exploration, and 38% felt that it should perhaps put more emphasis on this field. 30% provided a

negative response to this question (28% opposed more involvement and 2% indicated that it does

not matter for them whether or not the EU is more active in space exploration).

Generally speaking there is balance between EU citizens that in these times of economic and financial crisis support and do not support an increase in the EU budget devoted to space activities. The 20% who felt that more budgetary resources should be allocated to space activities

were outweighed although only by a slim margin by those who felt that the EU should reduce such spending (23%). The plurality (43%) felt that the current budget should be maintained.

Overall there is strong support for EU funding of space activities at its current level (43%) or at

increased level (20%).


page 6

1. Strategic importance of space research in Europe

The majority of European Union citizens regard European space activities as important from the

perspective of the EUs future global role: one in five citizens considered such activities very important (20%) and a further 43% felt that space activities are important in this respect. In total,

almost two-thirds of Europeans share the view that space activities are important for the future

international position of the European Union.

About one in ten of those interviewed

(9%) could not form an opinion in this

matter, and 29% thought that such

activities are not strategically

important.

Those considering space activities as

important were in the majority in each

Member State of the EU. Even in

those countries where the proportion

of sceptical citizens was the highest

(France: 41%, Austria: 39%,

Denmark: 38%), most people believed

that such activities were important for

the EUs future global role.

The ratio of those considering such

activities as very important

remained at or below one-third of all interviewees, with the highest proportion in Bulgaria (33%),

Greece (32%) and Ireland (32%). Still, in 22 Member States those who regarded European space

activities important or very important exceeded 60%, signalling a positive mood behind initiatives in

this area. The general appreciation (using an indicator that combines the important and very important replies) was highest in Cyprus (82%), Greece (80%) and Bulgaria (77%).

28 32 33 24 26 25 2932

1423

16 21 22 18 1424

17 23 2024

17 18 22 16 14 18 15 13

54 48 4452 50 48 44

41

5748

53 48 47 50 5442

47 41 43 39 45 43 39 43 45 40 4236

15 179 12 15 15 16

25 26 21 27 23 20 1623 25 29 22 29

32 3428 23 31

36 39 3841

1 2

8 77 7 7

1 15

2 6 810

7 6 4 10 52 1

57

63 1 2

5

1 1 6 5 3 5 4 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 7 9 42 2 3 6

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

CY

EL

BG

PL

SK

EE

RO IE FI

CZ

LU

HU

PT

LT

LV

ES

NL

BE

EU

27

UK SI

SE

MT IT DE

AT

DK

FR

Very important Important Not important No idea DK/NA

Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international position of the European Union?

Base: all respondents, % by country

Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU

Men (67% compared to 60% of women) and respondents from the youngest age group (15-24 years:

73%) were the most likely to think that space activities are strategically important for Europe, but in

each socio-demographic segment, the overwhelming majority was supportive. The lowest support was

detected among those with the least education: only 53% of those who completed their education at

Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU

20

43

29

54

Very important

Important

Not important

No idea

DK/NA

Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international

position of the European Union?Base: all respondents, % EU27


page 7

the age of 15 or earlier found space activities important, while 38% thought the opposite, see Annex

Table 1b.2

1.1 Perceived benefits of space activities

The vast majority of Europeans agree that technology transfers from the space industry can contribute

to innovation in terrestrial applications (24% agreed strongly and 50% to some extent). Only 16%

expressed scepticism at this idea. In addition, almost two-thirds agreed that space activities may

contribute to the success of the European economy at large: 16% agreed strongly and 48% agreed that

space industry activity can boost European competitiveness, economic growth and create jobs in

Europe. Pessimism regarding the latter aspect remained at 28% (almost 3 in 10 respondents).

Benefits of space technology for terrestrial applications

There is very little variation of opinions across Member States in the proportion of people believing in

the potential of transferring space technologies to terrestrial applications; rather small minorities in

each country of the EU expressed doubts in this regard.

Optimism was highest in the Netherlands (where 85% agreed either strongly or moderately that

technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications),

Finland (83%), Cyprus (81%) and Hungary (80%). Hungary had in fact the most people who strongly

agreed that such transfers foster innovation (36% of all respondents).

While remaining largely supportive, the highest levels of scepticism were recorded in the Czech

Republic (22%), Italy (21%) and Malta (20%).

21 23 2336

22 2531 28

22 2330 30

2131 28 30

18 2428 28

1522 18 19 19 22 14 15

64 60 5844

57 5448 50

56 5446 46

5545 48 45

56 5046 44

56 47 51 50 49 4552 46

8 9 128 11 10 12 11 11 10 12 8 12 10 10 7 12 12 8 13 13 13 14 11 16 17

7 13

1 2 13

3 14 5 3 3 4 3

4 4 22

5 41 2 3 6 2 3

5 5

5 7

6 6 5 10 7 10 5 5 8 10 8 13 8 9 12 168 10

17 13 13 12 15 1711 10

21 20

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

NL FI

CY

HU

LU

DK

EL

AT

ES

BE IE SE

DE

UK

EE

BG SI

EU

27

PT

PL

RO

FR

SK

LV IT CZ

LT

MT

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA

Q2. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Base: all respondents, % by country

Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications

Benefits of space technology for technological and economic development

As indicated above, most EU citizens believe in the benefits of space technology for technological and

economic development even if these seem somewhat less evident for Europeans than the technological

advantages. (In 2006 the European space manufacturing industry employed around 29,000 people and

generated a turnover of 5bn3.). Despite an overall optimism in each Member State, the survey found a

2 Please note that all socio-demographic analyses were carried out at EU27 level.

3 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/faq/index_en.htm


page 8

considerable minority in every country who disagreed with the statement that the space industry could

contribute to economic growth, industrial competitiveness and job creation. (On average the

proportion of sceptics in this regard is 28%, but in Slovenia: 43%, Czech Republic: 37% and Latvia:

35%).

1017 17

2514 17

2615 18 18

26 2317 14 19 19 19 11 16 15 14 16 13 12 15 15 9 10

63 56 5547

57 5344

54 51 5142 44

50 53 47 47 47 53 48 47 45 42 42 41 37 37 42 41

19 18 18 1421

17 20 16 20 20 18 19 18 21 19 21 20 21 21 22 25 2223 29 30 25 23

31

3 2 63

43

75

5 72

7 65 11 8 5 9 7 3 7 12

10 47

103

12

4 7 4 123

103

10 6 4 13 7 10 73 5 10 5 8 12 9 8 13 14 10 12

22

6

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

NL

CY

LU PT FI

BE IE RO

DK

EL

BG

HU SE

ES

AT

UK

EE

DE

EU

27

PL IT FR

MT

SK

CZ

LV

LT SI


Q2. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Base: all respondents, % by country

Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union

Still, everywhere, including in countries where the highest levels of scepticism were recorded, those

who felt that a successful and strong space industry would be beneficial to the European economy

outnumbered the sceptical. Public opinion was the most convinced of the existence of such economic

benefits in the Netherlands, Cyprus (in both countries 73% agreed, in total), Luxembourg and Portugal

(72% both).

Men, younger respondents, better educated and metropolitan citizens were more likely than others to

agree that there were economic and technological benefits to be gained from space activities (see

Annex Tables 2b. and 3b.).


page 9

2. Satellite-based services

European Union countries independently as well as the European Space Agency (ESA) operate a

number of satellites to provide information for terrestrial applications (surface/ meteorological/

environmental monitoring, broadcasting and communication, positioning, security applications, etc.).

2.1 Familiarity

The majority of Europeans indicated that

they are aware that such European Earth

Observation satellites exist (56%), and 22%

were also confident that they knew what

these satellites are used for (34%, albeit

aware of their existence, were not sure what

function they fulfil). 42% were not aware

of (at least the specifically European) Earth Observation satellites.

Awareness levels varied significantly

across Member States, with respondents

interviewed in Slovenia (of whom 76%

were aware of European Earth Observation

Satellites), Spain (72%), Romania (70%)

expressing the highest ones.

On the other hand, a large number of respondents in the UK (73%), Sweden (72%), Ireland (70%) and

Finland (66%) stated that they had never heard of European Earth Observation satellites. Generally,

interviewees in Slovenia (34%), Spain (32%), France and Hungary (30% both) were most likely to

indicate that they were familiar with the function of these satellites.

34 32 27 30 30 23 25 25 27 1928 25 21 26 24 20 22 17 18 17 21 13 11

2212 8 9 9

4240

43 35 3441 39 38 36 43

34 36 40 33 34 37 3437 34 35 30

34 3322

2122 18 17

24 27 27 35 35 35 35 34 32 38 38 37 36 40 41 40 42 46 48 48 46 5252 55

66 70 73 72

1 1 3 0 1 1 1 2 5 0 2 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 3 0 1 0 0 2

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

SI

ES

RO

FR

HU

LU PT

SK

BG

DE

EL IT LT

LV

CZ

PL

EU

27

CY

BE

AT

MT

DK

EE

NL FI

IE UK

SE

Yes, and I know what they do Yes, but I don't know what they do No DK/NA

Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?Base: all respondents, % by country

Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites

Considering awareness of European Earth Observation satellites, the socio-demographic patterns

changed. While men and the best educated were still the most aware of the satellites existence, young people were the least informed of all age groups (54% of those aged 15-24 indicated that they had not

heard about them, compared to a 42% EU average, see Annex Table 4b.).

Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites

22

34

42

1

Yes, and I know what they do

Yes, but I dont know what they do

No

DK/NA

Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?

Base: all respondents, % EU27


page 10

2.2 Satellite-based applications

When asked about the importance of developing various space-based applications for Europe, EU

respondents were most keen on (further) developing environmental/natural monitoring systems: 58%

found it very important that Europe has observation systems able to monitor natural and environmental

threats (a mere 6% found this unimportant). When it comes to other applications, the mood remained

positive with about two-thirds finding these important or very important, but except for Earth

observation systems, at European level those who consider the development of this applications very

important was lower than those that responded that they were important. Other applications mentioned concerned communications (regarded as at least quite important by 75%), positioning

system (67%) and monitoring to improve citizens security (67%).

58

33

26

32

32

42

41

35

4

17

17

18

2

4

7

9

3

4

9

6

Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural phenomena like forest fires or floods, effects

of climate change

Communication tools including TV via satellite

An independent European Positioning System (GPS)

To provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security

Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA

Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % EU27

Development of various space applications for Europe

Overall, 27% found it unimportant to develop satellite-based applications to improve citizens

security, and 24% had a similar opinion about an independent European positioning system. 21% did

not think that European satellite-based communication services should be (further) developed.

Looking at more detailed results for each service tested, the least divergence of opinions was found

when it came to the most popular service: environmental monitoring is considered to be an

important area where European capabilities should be developed by at least 80% of the respondents in

each Member State. In all but four Member States, an absolute majority of citizens regarded such

applications as very important. Such opinion was most widespread in Greece (73%), Ireland (71%), Cyprus (70%) and Luxembourg (68%).


page 11

73 70 66 65 68

5064 62

55 5871

59 57 60 54 5264

58 60 63 55 5743

61 5748

41 40

2425 29 30 26

4429 31

38 3422

33 34 31 37 3926

32 31 27 34 3144

26 2935

42 41

1 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 5 4 5 3 6 5 4 2 4 3 5 5 5 6 4 4 7 6 10

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 23 2 2 2 1 1 3 1

40 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 3 5 2 4 5 4 7 9 6 11

5

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

EL

CY SI

PL

LU FI

HU ES

LV

DE IE NL

FR

DK

AT

EE

BG

EU

27

SE

UK

BE

RO

SK

PT

MT IT LT

CZ


Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % by country

Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural phenomena like forest fires or floods, effects of climate change

Reflecting the extremely widespread approval, those who regarded such development as important or

very important varied only slightly among the various socio-demographic groups analysed. (See

Annex, Table 6b.). The share of those supporting such developments varied between 89% and 93%,

with the exception of those with the lowest education: only 84% of those who finished school at the

age of 15 or earlier thought that the development or improvement of such applications was important.

Such outright positive attitude was less frequent, although still overwhelmingly positive, when

respondents were asked about satellite-based communication services (e.g. satellite TV): those who

regarded such developments as very important made up an absolute majority only in three Member

States (51% answered so in Ireland, Hungary and Bulgaria). Nevertheless, over 60% in each country

found such developments at least quite important. Overall, the most affirmative replies were recorded

in Cyprus (88% quite and very important), Ireland, Hungary (both 87%), and Poland (86%).

4251 51

43 44 45 41 46 4351

3541

32 34 35 34 34 36 3140

2737 33 28 28

19 24 22

4636 36

43 41 39 44 38 4032

48 3947 44 43 43 43 41 45

3748

38 4245 42

47 41 41

9 8 7 7 11 7 8 10 6 8 11 12 918

11 16 15 18 18 17 17 19 17 16 24 2621 24

1 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 13 5

2

2

23 5 4 4 2 4 3 4

53 5

6 93 1 4 4 2 6 4 4 9 8

3 210

210 4

3 2 2 5 4 3 4 7 3 2 7 4

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

CY IE

HU PL

LV

RO

SK

EE

MT

BG SI

UK

LT

NL

PT

ES

EL

LU

AT

CZ

BE

DK

EU

27

SE

DE FI

IT FR



Development of communication tools including TV via satellite

Countries where a relatively large proportion of respondent do not think that it is important to develop

space applications in Europe related to communication services include some of the largest Member

States. In France 33%, in Finland 31% in Germany and Italy 27% saw the development of space-based

communication tools as not so important or not important at all.

Differences across the various socio-demographic segments remained slight, however men were

clearly more likely to agree that such developments are important (78%) than women (71%), and those

with degree-level education (having studied beyond the age of 20) were also more supportive (78%)


page 12

compared to those who completed their education at the age of 15 or earlier (67%). (See Annex, Table

7b.)

A solid 67% support for the development of an independent European positioning system was

recorded, even though there was no Member State where a majority found this development very

important; most such replies were given in Poland (44%), Hungary and Bulgaria (both 40%). Combining all affirmative replies regardless of intensity Polish (86%), Cypriot (82%), Hungarian and Finnish (79%) respondents were most likely to regard such developments as important to any

extent.

4437 40 33 38 34

4028 34 30 29 31 26

3523 27 26 29 22

3225 21 22 21 23

2719 18

4245 39

46 39 42 3445 40 43 43 41 44

3445 41 41 38 44

3441 44 42 42 40 36

40 39

77 8

1510 14

8 14 1019

13 12 1810

23 22 17 18 12 18 16 1922 20 14

2522

19

23 4

34

7

22

5

58

46

5

4 67 5

3

6 13 7 6 63

611

7

5 8 9 3 93

16 10 123 6

136

165 5 9 11

189 5 9 7 11

206 8

17

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

PL

CY

HU FI

RO IE BG

SK

EE

LU

EL

PT

BE

MT

NL

AT

EU

27

ES

LT

CZ

UK SI

DE

SE

LV

DK

FR IT



Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS)

France (33%), Denmark (31%) and United Kingdom (29%) were the Members States where the

highest share of public opinion considered the development of an independent European positioning

system as being "not important", while in several Member States a significant minority could not

formulate an opinion (e.g. 20% in Latvia, 18% in Lithuania).

From a socio-demographic perspective, this initiative was most solidly supported by men (73% vs.

61% women), the best educated (73%, in sharp contrast with those indicating the shortest schooling:

54%) and metropolitan residents (73%). The support levels decreased with age, but even those over 55

were significantly more likely than not to find the development of an independent positioning system

quite or very important (62%, see Annex Table 5b.)

An overwhelming majority in most countries (most notably in Hungary, Romania, Ireland and Poland,

about 80% in each) found the provision of space-based monitoring for security applications4

important. However, significant minorities do not consider so important or important at all this type of

application in a number of countries. Those who believe that space-based monitoring that improve

citizens security are not so important, or not important at all for Europe reached 46 % in Austria, 43%

in Germany, 39% in Sweden and 37% in Denmark and France.

4 the questionnaire asked about such services in general, not specifying what they might be


page 13

43 47 44 43 4350 44

36 41 3441

35 3828

3527

19

3731 32 35 30 27 23 27 20 18 16

39 33 35 37 3729 34

43 37 4336

41 3642

3542

49

3037 35 31 34

3334 30

33 33 33

8 9 10 12 9 9 12 5 12 11 11 13 14 16 15 20 21 1724

18 13 17 2519

3030 33

27

4 3 46

2 26

25 4 2 4 6 8 6 4

67

69 19 14 10

187 13 13

12

6 8 6 2 9 104

145 8 10 8 7 6 9 7 6 8

3 6 2 5 5 7 6 4 4 12

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0H

U

RO PL IE PT

BG

CY

LT

ES

SK

MT

LV IT SI

EE

BE FI

CZ

NL

EU

27

EL

UK

LU

FR

DK

DE

AT

SE



Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security

The provision of satellite services aimed at improved citizen security were regarded as least important

(relatively speaking, as the majority in all segments still found such developments at least quite

important) by those with degree-level education (63%, with 33% essentially rejecting the idea by

stating that they find such developments unimportant). Metropolitan residents were also less likely

than others to be attracted to such developments (important: 65%, not important: 31%). The highest

approval of such developments was recorded among the youngest: 74% of under-25 year olds

confirmed that these may be important developments, with 24% having had the opposite view. (See

Annex, Table 8b.)


page 14

3. Space exploration

3.1 Benefits of space exploration

Respondents were asked the following questions to reveal their fundamental attitudes towards space

exploration:

Space exploration activities include sending probes to the Moon and planets, developing

space shuttle, developing the International Space Station, sending astronauts to the Moon,

and travel to Mars and beyond. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the

following statements:

A. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge

B. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development

C. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources

D. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet

While each aspect was regarded as generally important (the vast majority of respondents agreed with

each), the ranking shown on the chart below indicated that citizens tend to link space research and

exploration to more abstract benefits. 79% saw it as important due to its contribution to the expansion

of human knowledge (about three in ten of those interviewed agreed strongly). 72% believed that

space exploration may add to mankinds ability to protect the Earth, 71% believed that space exploration may lead to accessing new energy resources and raw materials, and 70% thought that

space research can be a source of innovation and economic development.

31

27

26

22

48

45

45

48

13

15

17

18

5

6

6

5

5

7

7

7

... as a means to expand human knowledge

... to better protect our planet

... to help to find new raw materials and energy resources

... as a source of innovation and economic development


Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % EU27

Space exploration is important ...

Less than a quarter of respondents disagreed that space exploration is important to achieve the stated

objectives, as shown above.

The individual analysis of the various possible benefits of space exploration by Member State and by

socio-demographic segments did not shed light on significant variations: all countries and all segments

were in general convinced of the importance of the listed benefits, and broadly speaking the same

countries and same segments believed most and least in the importance of each. Details are provided

below.


page 15

The most widely acknowledged benefit of space exploration that it adds to human knowledge was most often cited by Bulgarian (93%), Hungarian (91%) and Greek (89%) respondents, while in

Italy, France and the Netherlands, only72% of respondents agreed that this aspect was important.

5345 43

3543 40

3449

26 2833 34 36 29

37 33 3326 28 30 31 30

3924

17 1429 24

4046 46

5445 48

5336

58 55 50 4846

5244 48 47

53 50 48 48 4838

5157 58

4348

2 5 8 9 5 7 9 9 8 11 13 11 12 8 12 8 13 13 10 14 13 14 13 13 1021

15 15

0 2 2 1 1 12 6

24 3 5 3

34

14 3

46 5 2 9 6

3

48

5

5 3 1 2 6 5 21 6 2 2 2 3 9 3 10

3 5 82 5 6 2 6

133 5 9

0

20

40

60

80

100

BG

HU

EL

CY

EE

LV

SK IE RO SI

FI

AT

CZ

PL

LU PT

DK

ES

MT

DE

EU

27

BE

UK

SE

LT

NL

FR IT


Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % by country

Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge

Men (81%), the younger generations (15-24 years: 85%, 25-39 years: 81%), those with degree-level

education (84%) and metropolitan residents (83%) were more affirmative than the average (EU27:

78%) about the most abstract benefit of space exploration. (Annex, Table 9b.)

The technological advantage (that space exploration is important because it facilitates innovation

and thus economic development) was once again most confirmed by those interviewed in Bulgaria

(84%), Hungary (83%) while Ireland ranked third (79%). Least convinced of, though still largely in

agreement with such a link were the French (60%), Swedish (64%), Italian and Maltese respondents

(65% each).

41 40 3627

3421 18

2518

24 24 2411

19 23 2227 28 21 22 27 18 20 18 17 19 19 18

43 4343

52 4154 56

4956

49 50 4961

53 48 4843 42 49 48 42 50 48 49 48 46 45 42

6 7 14 13 14 16 17 17 18 17 15 18 23 21 19 18 15 19 16 19 2112

22 2018 19 20 22

1 35

1 25 5 5 2 3 3 3

2 3 5 53

84 3

4

2

3 46 6 6 10

10 82

8 8 4 5 4 6 6 9 7 3 4 5 7 123

10 9 717

7 9 11 10 11 7

0

20

40

60

80

100

BG

HU IE PL

EE

DE SI

AT

CY

LU

RO

BE

NL FI

EL

EU

27

PT

UK

LV

SK

CZ

LT

DK

ES

MT IT SE

FR



Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development

Compared to an EU average of 70%, it was once again men (75%), young people (15-24 years: 76%),

those with degree-level education (75%) and metropolitan residents (74%) who appeared to see most

clearly a link between space exploration and technological and economic benefits (See Annex, Table

10b.)


page 16

Bulgarians (85%), Romanians (84%), Poles and Cypriots (both 83%) most agreed that space

exploration is important in order to find new raw materials and energy resources, while most

scepticism in this regard was encountered in Austria (where only 56% agreed that space exploration is

indeed important to achieve such outcomes), Sweden and France (both 63%).

4733 36 35

43

26 3236 39

28 32 2533

2229 26 22 22 20 24 15

2332

17 19 20 21 18

38

51 47 4839

53 4842 37

48 43 5041

50 42 45 48 48 50 45 5545

36

50 45 43 4238

5 6 10 12 97 14 13 14 17 15 16 11 10 13 17 18 15

23 18 23 23 19 22 23 18 19 29

0 2 11

32

2 5 6 2 1 42 3 4

6 3 54

72 3 9 5 7

116

109 9 7 4 7 11

6 5 3 5 9 6 13 15 127 9 10

4 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 135

0

20

40

60

80

100

BG

RO PL

CY

HU

MT

SK

EL IE CZ

LV

ES

PT

LT

EE

EU

27

BE IT FI

LU

NL

DK

UK SI

DE

FR

SE

AT



Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources

This aim of space exploration was most attractive (compared to a EU27 average of 71%) to the

youngest respondents (15-24 years: 79%) and manual workers (77%). As shown in Table 11b in

Annex, variation across segments remained rather limited (the level of agreement ranged between 64%

and 75% in the rest of the segments).

Space exploration is important to protect planet Earth according to most people in Bulgaria once

again (87%), followed by Poland (84%), Greece and Romania (83% both). On the bottom end of this

ranking the survey found Austria (58%), The Netherlands (64%) and Sweden (65%).

4937 33

4130

36 3644

2639

31 2923

3426 28 28 31 24 27 28 26 22 21

3121

13 19

3847 50

4250

44 4435

5339

47 4753

4250 47 47 43 49 45 43 44 47 47

3544

51 39

5 9 7 9 8 13 9 146 10

13 14 14 917 16 14 14 16 15 17

12 15 21 20 1828

26

1 1 2 4 22

36

34 2 2 3

2

4 33 7 6 6 5 11 6

6 116

411

8 7 7 4 9 5 92

137 7 7 7

134 6 9 5 5 7 7 7 10 6

411

5 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

BG

PL

RO

EL

MT

CY

EE IE LT

HU

SK

ES

BE

PT FI

DK

LV

LU SI

EU

27

CZ

FR IT DE

UK

SE

NL

AT



Space exploration is important to better protect our planet

Only in the youngest segments was above-average agreement recorded (compared the 72% on EU27

level) as to the importance of space exploration in protecting our planet: 77% both of the 15-24 and

25-39 year olds acknowledged that this might be an important purpose of space exploration. (See

Annex, Table 12b.)


page 17

3.2 Increased EU activity in space exploration

The question of whether the European Union should do more in the field of space exploration

profoundly divides European citizens. 26% believe that the EU should definitely do more, while a

similar number of respondents oppose further involvement (28%). A relative majority (38%) is not

entirely convinced about the necessity, but feels that the EU should perhaps put more emphasis on this

field. Overall, this signals that while a

majority favours EU action in the field of

space exploration, only some of the

supporters seem to be whole-heartedly

committed to this. 30% provided an outright

negative response to this question (28%

opposed more involvement and 2% indicated

that it does not matter for them whether or

not the EU is more active in space

exploration).

Looking at the results in the various Member

States, it appears that the highest levels of

support for increased space exploration

activities are found in countries that were

most likely to acknowledge the importance of

the various goals of space exploration:

Bulgaria and Greece; in both countries more

than half of those interviewed (55%) opted definitely for the EU being more active in this area. On the

other hand, only about one in five respondents expressed full support in a number of various Member

States, including Sweden (16%), France, Finland (both 19%), the Netherlands, Lithuania, Belgium

(20% each) as well as in Italy, Slovakia and the Czech Republic (all 21%).

4455 55

4229 30 34

42

24 1930 26 31 21

29 28 24 23 21 2026 25

3219 21 20 16 20

4231 29

3547 42 39

30

47 5241 43 38

4639 39 42 43 45 45

38 3730

37 34 35 37 32

11 5 14

1120

15 1925

1825

18 23 20 19 24 2729 29 26

1828 33 34

37 35 3431

40

12

1

50

5 20

61

22 3 5

3 02 1 3

92 1 0 2 4 4

1

32 7 2 7 3 8 7 3 5 3 9 5 7 9 6 6 4 4 6 9 6 5 5 6 6 6 15

5

0

20

40

60

80

100

CY

BG

EL

RO

LU

EE

MT IE LV FI

PL

ES

PT

SK

HU SI

DE

AT

CZ

LT

EU

27

DK

UK

FR IT BE

SE

NL

Yes, definitely Yes, perhaps No Does not matter / not interested DK/NA

Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration? Base: all respondents, % by country

Should the European Union do more in the field of Space Exploration?

Nevertheless, the definite no answer was dominant only in the Netherlands (40%) and scored tied with perhaps yes in France (37%), Italy (35%) and Belgium (34%).

Considering the socio-demographic segments, whole-hearted support for increased EU activity in

space exploration was well above average (that being 26%, considering the yes, definitely replies) among men (33% as opposed to 21% among women) and the youngest cohort (15-24 years of age:

35%). Slightly above average were the best educated and metropolitan Europeans (with 29% definite

support in both groups, see Annex Table 13b.).

Should the European Union do more in the field of Space Exploration?

26

38

28

2 6Yes, definitely

Yes, perhaps

No

Does not matter / not interested

DK/NA

Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration?

Base: all respondents, % EU27


page 18

4. Budget priority

Overall there is strong support for EU funding of space activities at its current level (43%) or at

increased level (20%). The 20% who felt that more budgetary resources should be allocated to space

activities were outweighed although only by a slim margin by those who felt that the EU should reduce such spending (23%). (The survey was conducted under circumstances characterised by

significant economic problems in

essentially all Member States of the EU,

resulting from the ongoing global

economic and financial crisis.). Finally,

15% could not formulate an opinion or

were not interested in answering the

question.

Only in Romania, Cyprus and Bulgaria

was stability of the allocated funds not

the most frequent answer (with most

citizens supporting an increased budget)

in the rest of the countries the largest segment of the public tended to prefer

maintaining the current EU space

budget.

Reducing the European budget for space

activities is an option shared by only

23% of the Europeans, with the highest scores recorded in France (32%), Spain (30%), Italy (27%)

and United Kingdom (26%) and the lowest in Bulgaria (8%), Slovakia (12%) and Finland (13%).

While generally this study found only cosmetic variations of attitudes across Member States (that is, in

most questions discussed thus far the predominant EU27 patterns were replicated in all Member States

to a varying extent), this question brought up a divided picture across EU countries.

In five Member States those who felt that more funds should be allocated to space activities on EU

level outnumbered those who rather desired reduction of such funds by at least 10 percentage points:

Greece (increase: 31%, reduction: 21%5), Hungary (i: 26%, r: 14%), Cyprus (i: 38%, r: 16%),

Romania (i: 37%, r: 14%), Bulgaria (i: 40%, r: 8%).

40 38 37 32 31 30 27 26 23 22 21 20 20 20 19 19 19 18 17 17 17 16 15 15 15 12 12 12

23 29 28 37 3330 38 42 38 38

4855

41 43 4349 48

38

6254

41 4738

4553 55 54 50

8

16 1423

2123

18 14 2615

1814

30 2317

1220

25

13

15

27 19 32 17

21 19 20 246

2 6

01

2 3 80

9

3 12

35 5

15

11 4 7 2

2

1 2 4 42416 15

8 13 16 14 11 12 1711 10 8 12 17 16 12 13

714 12 11 14

2210 11 11 10

0

20

40

60

80

100

BG

CY

RO IE EL

MT

PL

HU

UK

LT

CZ

DK

ES

EU

27

EE

SK SI

PT FI

LU IT BE

FR

SE

AT

DE

NL

LV

Increased Unchanged Reduced Does not matter / not interested DK/NA

Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be:

Base: all respondents, % by country

The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be...

5 percentages for the other countries are provided respectively

The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be...

20

43

23

3

12Increased

Unchanged

Reduced

Does not matter / not interested

DK/NA

Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the European budget to cover all

space activities including space exploration should be: Base: all respondents, % EU27


page 19

In contrast, an opposite difference with a similar order of magnitude (10 percentage points) was also

found, in four Member States: France (i: 15%, r: 32%), Latvia (i: 12%, r: 24%), Spain (i: 20%, r: 30%)

and Italy (i: 17%, r: 27%).

Differences in preference manifest themselves in socio-demographic comparisons. While the plurality

of respondents in each socio-demographic segment preferred that the EU space budget should be kept

at its current level (see Annex, Table 14b.), the table below reveals different attitudes in those who

prefer some change. For example men, the youngest respondents, and to a small extent the best

educated were more of the opinion that funds should be increased, while women, elder respondents,

those with only basic education and manual workers would prefer cuts in the EU space budget.

Space budget preferences by socio-demographic

segments (Q7)

%

reduced

%

unchanged

%

increased

EU27 23 43 20

SEX

Male 20 41 25

Female 25 44 14

AGE

15 - 24 16 47 27

25 - 39 22 42 20

40 - 54 23 43 18

55 + 26 41 17

EDUCATION (termination age)

Until 15 33 36 14

16 - 20 24 44 18

20 + 18 43 21

URBANISATION

Metropolitan 22 41 23

Urban 22 42 20

Rural 24 44 17

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 22 37 24

Employee 21 44 19

Manual worker 28 42 19

Not working 24 43 19

Student 14 46 29

Flash EB Series #272

Space activities of the EU

Annex tables and

survey details

THE GALLUP ORGANISATION

Flash EB No 272 Space activities of the European Union Annex

page 21

5. Annex tables

Table 1a. Importance of space activities for the future position of the EU by country ...................... 23

Table 1b. Importance of space activities for the future position of the EU by segment ..................... 24

Table 2a. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth by country ...................... 25

Table 2b. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth by segment ...................... 26

Table 3a. Space activities contribute to innovative terrestrial applications by country ...................... 27

Table 3b. Space activities contribute to innovative terrestrial applications by segment..................... 28

Table 4a. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites by country ................................. 29

Table 4b. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites by segment ................................ 30

Table 5a. Development of an independent European Positioning System by country ...................... 31

Table 5b. Development of an independent European Positioning System by segment ..................... 32

Table 6a. Development of EOS to monitor environment by country ................................................. 33

Table 6b. Development of EOS to monitor environment by segment ................................................ 34

Table 7a. Development of communication tools including TV via satellite by country ................. 35

Table 7b. Development of communication tools including TV via satellite by segment ................ 36

Table 8a. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security by country .................. 37

Table 8b. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security by segment ................. 38

Table 9a. Space exploration is important to expand human knowledge by country .......................... 39

Table 9b. Space exploration is important to expand human knowledge by segment ......................... 40

Table 10a. Space exploration is important for economic development by country ........................... 41

Table 10b. Space exploration is important for economic development by segment ......................... 42

Table 11a. Space exploration to find new raw materials and energy resources by country ............... 43

Table 11b. Space exploration to find new raw materials and energy resources by segment ............................................................................................................................................. 44

Table 12a. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet by country ............................ 45

Table 12b. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet by segment ........................... 46

Table 13a. Should the EU do more on the field of Space Exploration? by country ........................... 47

Table 13b. Should the EU do more on the field of Space Exploration? by segment .......................... 48


page 22

Table 14a. The share of the EU budget for space activities should be... by country .......................... 49

Table 14b. The share of the EU budget for space activities should be... by segment ......................... 50


page 23

Table 1a. Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU by country

QUESTION: Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international

position of the European Union?

Total N

% Not

important

%

Important

% Very

important % No idea % DK/NA

EU27 25614 28.7 43.4 19.6 4.7 3.6

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 22.1 41.3 23 9.9 3.7

Bulgaria 1001 9.2 43.5 32.7 8.3 6.3

Czech Rep. 1001 20.6 47.8 22.9 5.3 3.4

Denmark 1005 37.8 42 15.3 2.3 2.6

Germany 1012 36.1 45.3 13.5 2.7 2.4

Estonia 1004 15.3 48.3 24.9 6.7 4.9

Greece 1000 17 47.9 31.7 2 1.3

Spain 1002 25.1 41.7 23.8 6 3.3

France 1000 40.8 35.5 13 4.9 5.8

Ireland 1000 25 40.8 32.1 0.8 1.3

Italy 1014 30.6 43.2 16.4 6.2 3.6

Cyprus 500 14.9 53.9 28.5 1.3 1.4

Latvia 1014 22.6 53.7 14.2 7 2.4

Lithuania 1000 15.9 49.7 18.4 9.8 6.2

Luxembourg 503 27.1 53.4 16.4 1.7 1.3

Hungary 1012 23.1 48 21.4 6.3 1.2

Malta 500 23.5 38.8 21.6 7.3 8.8

Netherlands 1001 28.8 47.4 17.2 4.2 2.3

Austria 1002 39.1 40.1 17.9 0.5 2.4

Poland 1003 12.1 51.6 24.4 7.4 4.6

Portugal 1004 20.2 46.6 22.2 8.4 2.7

Romania 1005 16 44.3 28.6 6.8 4.3

Slovenia 1002 33.8 44.7 17.3 1.4 2.8

Slovakia 1011 14.8 49.8 25.7 6.8 2.9

Finland 1003 26.3 56.6 14.1 0.9 2

Sweden 1014 27.6 42.7 17.7 5.5 6.5

United Kingdom 1000 32.5 38.8 23.5 1.7 3.4


page 24

Table 1b. Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU by segment

QUESTION: Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international

position of the European Union?

Total N

% Not

important

%

Important

% Very

important % No idea % DK/NA

EU27 25614 28.7 43.4 19.6 4.7 3.6

SEX

Male 12384 27.9 42.3 24.5 3.3 2.1

Female 13230 29.4 44.4 15.1 6.1 5

AGE

15 - 24 3881 21.2 49.4 23.8 3.5 2.1

25 - 39 5916 29.2 44.5 19.5 4.1 2.6

40 - 54 6895 32.5 42.2 18 4.2 3.1

55 + 8756 28.6 40.9 19.2 6 5.3

EDUCATION (end of)

Until 15 years of age 4248 31.7 38.4 14.5 7.9 7.5

16 - 20 10881 31.3 42.1 18.5 5.1 3

20 + 7348 26.8 45.6 22.2 2.7 2.6

Still in education 2664 19.5 50.5 25.4 3.1 1.6

URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 26.3 44.7 23 3 2.9

Urban 10868 27.1 44.8 19.9 4.8 3.4

Rural 10214 31.4 41.3 17.7 5.4 4.1

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 27.4 43.5 21.9 3.6 3.6

Employee 8446 31.8 43.4 19.1 3.2 2.5

Manual worker 2097 30.5 43.1 18.2 4.8 3.4

Not working 12844 26.6 43.3 19.8 5.9 4.4


page 25

Table 2a. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union by country

QUESTION: Q2_A. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space

activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union

Total N

% Disagree

strongly % Disagree % Agree

% Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 7.2 21.3 48.5 15.5 7.6

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 3.2 16.6 53.1 16.9 10.2

Bulgaria 1001 2.4 17.8 41.7 25.5 12.5

Czech Rep. 1001 7.5 29.6 37.1 15.5 10.4

Denmark 1005 4.9 20 51.1 17.6 6.4

Germany 1012 9.4 21.3 53.1 11.3 5

Estonia 1004 5.2 19.5 46.7 18.9 9.7

Greece 1000 7.4 20 50.9 17.6 4.2

Spain 1002 5.5 21.1 52.7 14.2 6.6

France 1000 11.7 21.8 42.2 16.4 8

Ireland 1000 6.8 20.3 44.4 25.6 3

Italy 1014 7.2 24.6 44.7 14.4 9.1

Cyprus 500 2.1 18.4 55.8 16.5 7.1

Latvia 1014 9.7 25.3 37.4 15.1 12.5

Lithuania 1000 3.2 22.9 42.2 9.3 22.3

Luxembourg 503 5.8 17.8 54.6 17.3 4.5

Hungary 1012 7.1 19 44.1 23 6.8

Malta 500 10 22.8 41.6 13 12.7

Netherlands 1001 3.1 18.9 63.4 10.1 4.5

Austria 1002 11.3 18.7 47.4 19.3 3.4

Poland 1003 3.3 22.4 47.3 15 12

Portugal 1004 2.7 13.7 46.7 25.1 11.9

Romania 1005 4.7 16.2 54.5 14.8 9.8

Slovenia 1002 11.8 30.9 40.6 10.3 6.4

Slovakia 1011 3.8 28.8 41.3 11.7 14.4

Finland 1003 4.3 20.7 57.1 14.4 3.4

Sweden 1014 5.6 17.7 50.2 16.7 9.8

United Kingdom 1000 7.5 21.1 47 19.2 5.2


page 26

Table 2b. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union by segment


activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union

Total N

%

Disagree

strongly

%

Disagree % Agree

%

Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 7.2 21.3 48.5 15.5 7.6

SEX

Male 12384 6.9 17.8 50.7 19.6 4.9

Female 13230 7.4 24.5 46.3 11.7 10.1

AGE

15 - 24 3881 4.4 18.7 57.3 15.2 4.3

25 - 39 5916 7.2 21.9 49.9 15.5 5.5

40 - 54 6895 8.1 22.1 47 16 6.8

55 + 8756 7.5 21.5 44.8 15.3 10.9

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 8.3 23.4 47.5 13.7 7

20 + 7348 5.7 17.7 50.6 21.2 4.9


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 6.5 19.1 49.6 19.1 5.6

Urban 10868 6.5 21.1 49.5 15.8 7

Rural 10214 8.1 22.4 46.8 13.7 9

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 9.1 18.7 44.7 21.1 6.4

Employee 8446 6.9 20.6 50.9 16.5 5

Manual worker 2097 7.8 22.9 49.2 13.2 6.9

Not working 12844 6.9 21.9 47.3 14.4 9.5


page 27

Table 3a. Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications by country

QUESTION: Q2_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Technologies

derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications

Total N

% Disagree


% Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 3.8 11.9 50.5 23.6 10.2

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 2.6 9.9 54.5 22.7 10.3

Bulgaria 1001 1.8 7.3 45.1 29.6 16.2

Czech Rep. 1001 5.2 17.4 45.2 22.3 9.9

Denmark 1005 1.4 9.8 53.6 25.4 9.9

Germany 1012 4 11.7 55 20.9 8.4

Estonia 1004 2.4 10.1 47.5 28.2 11.8

Greece 1000 4.1 12 47.8 31 5.1

Spain 1002 2.8 10.7 56.5 22 8.1

France 1000 5.7 13.2 47.4 21.9 11.8

Ireland 1000 3.6 12 46.3 30.1 8

Italy 1014 5.1 16.1 49.3 18.7 10.9

Cyprus 500 1.2 11.8 58.2 23.4 5.5

Latvia 1014 2.5 11.3 50 19.2 17

Lithuania 1000 5.4 7.3 51.7 14.1 21.5

Luxembourg 503 2.8 11.4 56.6 22.4 6.8

Hungary 1012 2.8 7.9 43.5 35.9 9.9

Malta 500 6.5 12.8 46.1 14.6 20

Netherlands 1001 0.7 8.1 64.5 20.6 6.1

Austria 1002 5.2 11.1 50.1 28.4 5.1

Poland 1003 2.2 12.6 44 28 13.1

Portugal 1004 1.1 8.3 46.4 27.5 16.6

Romania 1005 2.5 12.7 56.1 15.5 13.2

Slovenia 1002 5.4 11.9 56.3 18 8.4

Slovakia 1011 2.3 13.6 51.5 17.8 14.8

Finland 1003 2.4 8.8 60 22.8 6.1

Sweden 1014 3.3 7.7 46.3 30.1 12.7

United Kingdom 1000 4.4 10.5 45.3 30.5 9.3


page 28

Table 3b. Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications by segment

QUESTION: Q2_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Technologies

derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications

Total N

%

Disagree

strongly

%

Disagree % Agree

%

Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 3.8 11.9 50.5 23.6 10.2

SEX

Male 12384 3.3 9.4 50.2 30.4 6.7

Female 13230 4.2 14.3 50.8 17.1 13.6

AGE

15 - 24 3881 2.6 10.9 55.5 24.9 6.1

25 - 39 5916 3.2 11.5 53.2 24 8.1

40 - 54 6895 3.9 11.6 52 23.5 9.1

55 + 8756 4.6 12.9 45.4 22.8 14.2

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 4.2 12.9 52.2 20.5 10.2

20 + 7348 2.2 8.3 51.4 32.4 5.7


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 3.4 8.9 51.4 30 6.3

Urban 10868 3.7 11.8 50.6 23.9 10.1

Rural 10214 4 13.4 50.1 20.5 12

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 4.1 10 47.5 30.7 7.8

Employee 8446 2.9 10.4 54.2 25.9 6.7

Manual worker 2097 5 14.1 52.7 18.6 9.6

Not working 12844 4.2 12.9 48.2 21.7 13


page 29

Table 4a. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites by country

QUESTION: Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?

Total N

% Yes, and I know

what they do

% Yes, but I dont

know what they do % No % DK/NA

EU27 25614 22.2 34.4 42.4 1

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 18.1 33.9 47.5 0.5

Bulgaria 1001 26.9 36.4 32.2 4.5

Czech Rep. 1001 23.6 34.1 40.9 1.4

Denmark 1005 13.3 34.3 51.8 0.6

Germany 1012 19.4 42.7 37.6 0.4

Estonia 1004 11.4 33.1 52 3.5

Greece 1000 27.8 34 38.2 0

Spain 1002 31.5 40.3 27.3 0.9

France 1000 30 34.7 34.8 0.5

Ireland 1000 7.5 22.1 70.1 0.2

Italy 1014 25.3 35.8 37.3 1.7

Cyprus 500 16.9 36.6 46.1 0.3

Latvia 1014 26.1 32.8 39.7 1.4

Lithuania 1000 21.4 39.5 36.2 2.8

Luxembourg 503 23.2 40.9 35 0.9

Hungary 1012 30.3 34 35 0.7

Malta 500 20.9 29.8 46.3 3

Netherlands 1001 22.4 21.9 55.5 0.2

Austria 1002 16.6 35.2 47.7 0.4

Poland 1003 20.4 37.3 40.2 2.1

Portugal 1004 24.8 38.8 35.1 1.3

Romania 1005 26.8 43.1 27.1 3

Slovenia 1002 34.1 41.7 23.7 0.5

Slovakia 1011 25.2 38.3 34.5 2

Finland 1003 12.5 20.9 65.8 0.9

Sweden 1014 8.6 17 72.5 2

United Kingdom 1000 9 17.9 72.8 0.2


page 30

Table 4b. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites by segment

QUESTION: Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?

Total N

% Yes, and I

know what

they do

% Yes, but I

dont know what

they do % No % DK/NA

EU27 25614 22.2 34.4 42.4 1

SEX

Male 12384 28.4 33.8 37 0.9

Female 13230 16.4 35 47.4 1.2

AGE

15 - 24 3881 15.4 29.9 54.3 0.4

25 - 39 5916 21.7 31.9 45.5 0.9

40 - 54 6895 23.8 36.5 39 0.8

55 + 8756 24.3 36.6 37.5 1.5

EDUCATION (end of)

Until 15 years of age 4248 15.2 36.3 46.8 1.7

16 - 20 10881 21.9 35.5 41.6 1

20 + 7348 28.7 34 36.5 0.8

Still in education 2664 17 28.7 54.1 0.2

URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 24.8 33.5 40.9 0.9

Urban 10868 22.5 33.9 42.8 0.8

Rural 10214 20.8 35.6 42.3 1.3

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 30.1 35.5 33.8 0.5

Employee 8446 22.2 33.8 43.4 0.6

Manual worker 2097 22.2 36.1 39.5 2.1

Not working 12844 20.9 34.4 43.6 1.2


page 31

Table 5a. Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS) by country

QUESTION: Q4_A. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - An

independent European Positioning System (GPS)

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 6.8 17.5 40.6 26.3 8.9

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 5.8 17.9 43.6 26.2 6.4

Bulgaria 1001 1.9 7.9 34.4 39.9 15.9

Czech Rep. 1001 6.4 18.4 34.4 31.7 9

Denmark 1005 5.8 25.2 35.7 26.9 6.4

Germany 1012 6.5 22.1 42.3 22.2 6.9

Estonia 1004 4.6 9.8 39.9 33.8 11.9

Greece 1000 8.5 13.5 43.1 28.6 6.4

Spain 1002 4.7 17.7 37.7 28.9 11

France 1000 10.6 22.1 40.4 18.5 8.4

Ireland 1000 7.1 14.2 41.9 34.3 2.6

Italy 1014 7 19.4 39.1 17.7 16.9

Cyprus 500 3.1 6.6 45 37.5 7.8

Latvia 1014 2.7 14.3 39.6 23.5 19.9

Lithuania 1000 2.9 12.3 44 22.3 18.5

Luxembourg 503 4.8 19 43 30 3.3

Hungary 1012 3.8 8.4 38.7 40.3 8.8

Malta 500 4.8 9.7 34 35.1 16.3

Netherlands 1001 3.9 23.1 44.8 23.2 5.1

Austria 1002 6.2 21.7 41 26.6 4.6

Poland 1003 2.3 7.3 41.8 44 4.6

Portugal 1004 3.9 12.2 40.7 30.5 12.7

Romania 1005 3.6 10.1 39 38 9.3

Slovenia 1002 6.9 19 44.4 20.7 9.1

Slovakia 1011 2.2 14 45.5 28.3 10

Finland 1003 3 15.5 45.8 32.9 2.8

Sweden 1014 6.3 19.6 42.2 21.2 10.7

United Kingdom 1000 12.5 15.9 40.8 25.3 5.5


page 32

Table 5b. Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS) by segment

QUESTION: Q4_A. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - An

independent European Positioning System (GPS)

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 6.8 17.5 40.6 26.3 8.9

SEX

Male 12384 6.6 15.5 40.2 32.7 5

Female 13230 7 19.3 40.9 20.3 12.4

AGE

15 - 24 3881 5.5 18.6 42.3 30 3.7

25 - 39 5916 5.8 17.8 41.2 29.1 6.1

40 - 54 6895 7.8 18.3 41.8 25.3 6.8

55 + 8756 7.2 16.2 38.3 23.7 14.7

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 7.2 17.3 41.8 25.5 8.2

20 + 7348 5.1 17 41.2 31.5 5.3


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 5.9 16.2 39.7 32.9 5.3

Urban 10868 6.4 17.5 41.8 25.5 8.8

Rural 10214 7.5 18 39.8 24.3 10.4

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 6.7 15.3 38.9 32.7 6.4

Employee 8446 6.1 19.3 42.6 26.9 5.1

Manual worker 2097 7.6 16.7 39.8 30.3 5.6

Not working 12844 7.2 16.8 39.7 24.2 12.2


page 33

Table 6a. Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural by country

QUESTION: Q4_B. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - Earth

observation systems to monitor our environment including natural

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 2 4.4 32.4 58.2 3.1

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 1.7 5 34.3 55 4

Bulgaria 1001 0.7 2.3 26.5 64.4 6.2

Czech Rep. 1001 3.5 10.5 41.3 40.1 4.6

Denmark 1005 1.2 6.1 31 60.5 1.3

Germany 1012 1.3 4.6 34.4 58.3 1.4

Estonia 1004 2 4.1 38.8 52.1 3.1

Greece 1000 0.9 1.5 23.9 73.5 0.2

Spain 1002 1.1 2.8 31.2 61.8 3

France 1000 2.8 2.8 34 57.4 3

Ireland 1000 2.5 3.6 21.5 71 1.3

Italy 1014 3.5 7.1 35.4 47.9 6.1

Cyprus 500 1.2 2.5 24.7 70 1.7

Latvia 1014 0.4 4.2 38.2 54.7 2.5

Lithuania 1000 1.1 5.9 41.5 40.7 10.9

Luxembourg 503 0.7 3.5 25.9 68.4 1.4

Hungary 1012 0.9 2.4 28.9 64.3 3.4

Malta 500 1.3 3.7 28.8 57 9.1

Netherlands 1001 0.9 5.4 32.9 59.2 1.6

Austria 1002 2.6 5.4 36.7 54.3 1.1

Poland 1003 0.9 2.4 30 64.5 2.2

Portugal 1004 1.5 4.4 26.1 61.2 6.8

Romania 1005 1.7 5.4 31.1 56.9 4.9

Slovenia 1002 1.7 1.9 29 65.6 1.8

Slovakia 1011 2.3 6.1 44.4 43.4 3.8

Finland 1003 0.7 4.4 43.7 50.3 0.9

Sweden 1014 1.9 2.7 30.8 59.6 5.1

United Kingdom 1000 2.7 5 27.4 62.8 2.1


page 34

Table 6b. Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural by segment

QUESTION: Q4_B. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - Earth

observation systems to monitor our environment including natural

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 2 4.4 32.4 58.2 3.1

SEX

Male 12384 2.1 4.8 32.2 58.9 2

Female 13230 1.8 4.1 32.5 57.5 4.2

AGE

15 - 24 3881 1 4.3 32.7 59.9 2.2

25 - 39 5916 1.6 4.6 34 57.7 2

40 - 54 6895 2.2 4.7 32.2 58.9 2.1

55 + 8756 2.4 4 31.3 57.3 5

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 1.9 4.5 33 58.4 2.2

20 + 7348 1.2 3.9 31.1 62.1 1.7


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 1.3 4.4 33.6 58.7 1.9

Urban 10868 1.9 4.2 31.6 59.4 3

Rural 10214 2.3 4.7 32.7 56.7 3.6

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 2.8 5.7 32.6 56.8 2

Employee 8446 1.3 4.5 32.8 59.9 1.5

Manual worker 2097 2.1 4.6 32.5 58 2.8

Not working 12844 2.3 4.1 32 57.3 4.3


page 35

Table 7a. Development of communication tools including TV via satellite by country

QUESTION: Q4_C. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? -


Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 4.4 16.8 41.6 33 4.3

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 4 16.8 47.6 27.4 4.2

Bulgaria 1001 1.4 7.5 32 50.7 8.3

Czech Rep. 1001 1.9 16.8 36.6 39.8 5

Denmark 1005 3.2 18.8 37.9 37.1 3.1

Germany 1012 3.3 23.9 42.4 27.5 2.8

Estonia 1004 2.8 9.7 37.6 45.8 4

Greece 1000 5.2 14.6 43.5 33.7 3.1

Spain 1002 2.8 15.8 43 34.2 4.2

France 1000 9.1 23.5 41.5 22 3.9

Ireland 1000 3 8 36.4 51.3 1.3

Italy 1014 6.4 21 40.8 24.4 7.3

Cyprus 500 0.6 9 45.8 42.1 2.5

Latvia 1014 1.9 10.9 40.8 44.1 2.3

Lithuania 1000 1.9 9.2 47.2 31.7 9.9

Luxembourg 503 3.7 18.1 41 35.6 1.7

Hungary 1012 1.5 7.2 35.9 51.3 4

Malta 500 1.5 5.8 40 43.2 9.4

Netherlands 1001 1.9 17.9 44.4 33.8 2.1

Austria 1002 3.6 17.8 45.1 31.3 2.2

Poland 1003 2.5 6.9 43.2 43 4.4

Portugal 1004 1.6 11.1 42.6 35 9.8

Romania 1005 2 7.5 38.9 45.4 6.2

Slovenia 1002 3.2 11.2 47.7 34.7 3.3

Slovakia 1011 3.3 8 43.7 40.5 4.4

Finland 1003 5.4 26 46.9 19.4 2.3

Sweden 1014 5 15.6 44.7 27.6 7.1

United Kingdom 1000 5.2 11.9 39.5 41.3 2.1


page 36

Table 7b. Development of communication tools including TV via satellite by segment

QUESTION: Q4_C. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? -


Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 4.4 16.8 41.6 33 4.3

SEX

Male 12384 4.2 15.2 40.6 37.3 2.7

Female 13230 4.5 18.3 42.5 28.9 5.7

AGE

15 - 24 3881 2.8 20.5 45 29.9 1.8

25 - 39 5916 5.2 19 43.4 29.7 2.6

40 - 54 6895 4.5 16.8 40.8 35.6 2.4

55 + 8756 4.2 13.7 39.6 34.6 7.9

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 4.5 16.4 41.6 34.3 3.1

20 + 7348 3.9 16.1 41.7 36 2.3


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 3.4 17.9 41.3 34.6 2.8

Urban 10868 4.2 15.7 42.6 33.4 4.1

Rural 10214 4.9 17.6 40.9 31.6 5

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 6.1 16.9 36.6 37.5 2.8

Employee 8446 3.9 18 43.1 33.2 1.8

Manual worker 2097 3.5 16.2 42.2 34.9 3.2

Not working 12844 4.6 16.2 41.3 31.7 6.3


page 37

Table 8a. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security by country

QUESTION: Q4_D. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - To

provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 9.4 17.9 34.9 31.9 5.9

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 4.5 19.6 41.9 27.3 6.7

Bulgaria 1001 2.5 8.8 28.9 49.8 10.1

Czech Rep. 1001 7.3 17.1 30.3 37.1 8.2

Denmark 1005 7.4 30 29.9 27.1 5.6

Germany 1012 12.6 30.4 32.7 20 4.3

Estonia 1004 6 15 35.1 35.1 8.9

Greece 1000 18.7 13.3 31.5 34.7 1.8

Spain 1002 4.6 12.4 37.1 40.7 5.3

France 1000 17.7 18.7 34.2 22.8 6.6

Ireland 1000 6.4 12.4 36.9 42.6 1.7

Italy 1014 5.7 13.9 36.1 37.6 6.8

Cyprus 500 5.6 11.9 34.2 44.4 3.9

Latvia 1014 3.7 13.4 40.6 34.7 7.6

Lithuania 1000 2.3 5.3 42.8 35.8 13.9

Luxembourg 503 9.5 25.2 32.9 27.2 5.2

Hungary 1012 4.1 7.8 38.9 43.4 5.8

Malta 500 2.5 10.6 35.9 41 10.1

Netherlands 1001 5.6 23.9 36.6 30.7 3.3

Austria 1002 12.8 32.8 32.8 17.9 3.7

Poland 1003 4 10.3 35.4 44.5 5.8

Portugal 1004 2.3 9.3 36.5 42.5 9.3

Romania 1005 3.3 8.8 33.5 46.8 7.7

Slovenia 1002 7.6 15.8 42.4 27.9 6.3

Slovakia 1011 4.3 10.5 43.3 34.2 7.7

Finland 1003 5.7 21.1 48.5 18.9 5.7

Sweden 1014 12.1 26.8 32.8 16.4 11.9

United Kingdom 1000 14.1 17 34 30.3 4.7


page 38

Table 8b. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security by segment

QUESTION: Q4_D. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - To

provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security

Total N

% Not

important

at all

% Not so

important

% Quite

important

% Very

important % DK/NA

EU27 25614 9.4 17.9 34.9 31.9 5.9

SEX

Male 12384 10.4 19.1 33.5 32.7 4.3

Female 13230 8.4 16.9 36.2 31.2 7.3

AGE

15 - 24 3881 7.2 16.2 38.9 35.1 2.6

25 - 39 5916 9.4 19 36 31.8 3.8

40 - 54 6895 10.5 21 33.8 30.3 4.4

55 + 8756 9.3 15.5 33.5 32 9.7

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 9.3 17.1 35.3 33.3 4.9

20 + 7348 11.4 21.7 33.3 29.7 3.9


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 9.2 21.7 32.6 32.5 4.1

Urban 10868 8.8 16.2 35.5 33.9 5.5

Rural 10214 9.8 18.3 35.4 29.6 6.9

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 13 19.1 34.6 28.8 4.4

Employee 8446 10.1 21.9 35.1 29.5 3.4

Manual worker 2097 8.4 16.2 33 37.5 5

Not working 12844 8.4 15.5 35.2 33.1 7.8


page 39

Table 9a. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge by country


exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge

Total N

% Disagree


% Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 4.8 12.5 47.6 30.5 4.6

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 2.2 14 48.3 29.5 6

Bulgaria 1001 0.4 2.1 40.3 52.5 4.6

Czech Rep. 1001 2.6 12.4 45.7 36.1 3.2

Denmark 1005 3.9 13.4 46.6 33.2 2.9

Germany 1012 5.7 14 48.3 30.1 1.9

Estonia 1004 1 5.1 44.7 42.9 6.3

Greece 1000 2.4 7.8 45.7 43.2 1

Spain 1002 2.9 13.4 52.7 26.4 4.6

France 1000 8 14.9 42.9 29.4 4.7

Ireland 1000 5.7 9.2 36 48.5 0.5

Italy 1014 4.5 14.5 47.8 23.8 9.3

Cyprus 500 0.9 8.7 53.6 34.5 2.2

Latvia 1014 1.4 6.6 47.5 40 4.5

Lithuania 1000 3.1 9.8 57.2 16.5 13.4

Luxembourg 503 4 11.7 44.3 36.8 3.2

Hungary 1012 1.7 5 45.5 44.8 2.9

Malta 500 3.7 9.7 50.4 28.4 7.7

Netherlands 1001 4 21.1 58 14.4 2.6

Austria 1002 5.2 10.5 48 34 2.2

Poland 1003 2.5 7.5 52.4 28.9 8.7

Portugal 1004 1.2 7.7 47.7 33.4 9.9

Romania 1005 2.4 7.5 58.2 26 5.9

Slovenia 1002 3.9 11.1 54.9 28 2.1

Slovakia 1011 1.8 9.3 52.9 33.7 2.3

Finland 1003 3.3 12.8 49.5 32.9 1.5

Sweden 1014 5.7 13.2 51 23.7 6.4

United Kingdom 1000 8.5 13 38.4 38.5 1.5


page 40

Table 9b. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge by segment


exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge

Total N

%

Disagree

strongly

%

Disagree % Agree

%

Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 4.8 12.5 47.6 30.5 4.6

SEX

Male 12384 4.5 11.7 44.5 36.3 3

Female 13230 5.2 13.2 50.5 25.1 6.1

AGE

15 - 24 3881 2.4 9.9 48.2 37.1 2.4

25 - 39 5916 4.8 11.3 49.3 31.9 2.7

40 - 54 6895 5.2 13.5 48.2 29.4 3.7

55 + 8756 5.5 13.5 45.9 27.5 7.5

EDUCATION (end of)


16 - 20 10881 5.1 13.5 48.6 28.9 3.9

20 + 7348 3.7 10.2 47.6 36.1 2.4


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 4.2 10.5 45.9 36.6 2.9

Urban 10868 4.2 12.2 48.2 31 4.3

Rural 10214 5.8 13.5 47.9 27.2 5.6

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 5.8 12 47.9 31.7 2.7

Employee 8446 4 12.9 48.8 32.2 2.2

Manual worker 2097 4.9 12.9 50.6 27 4.6

Not working 12844 5.3 12.2 46.4 29.7 6.4


page 41

Table 10a. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development by country

QUESTION: Q5_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space

exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development

Total N

% Disagree


% Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 5.1 17.8 47.8 22.4 6.9

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 2.7 17.7 48.7 24 6.9

Bulgaria 1001 0.9 5.8 43.2 40.5 9.7

Czech Rep. 1001 4.1 20.5 42.2 26.6 6.6

Denmark 1005 3.4 22.2 47.5 20.1 6.8

Germany 1012 4.9 15.8 54.1 21 4.2

Estonia 1004 2.4 14 41.2 34.1 8.4

Greece 1000 5.2 18.5 48 23.2 5.1

Spain 1002 3.7 20.3 49 18 9

France 1000 10.3 22.3 42.2 18.1 7.1

Ireland 1000 5.4 13.9 42.8 36.4 1.5

Italy 1014 5.9 18.8 46 18.8 10.4

Cyprus 500 2.3 18.4 55.5 18.1 5.7

Latvia 1014 3.9 16.3 48.6 21.2 10

Lithuania 1000 2.4 12 50.3 17.9 17.4

Luxembourg 503 3.3 17.2 49.1 24.4 6

Hungary 1012 2.7 7.4 42.5 39.8 7.5

Malta 500 6.4 17.7 47.6 17.4 10.9

Netherlands 1001 2.2 22.6 60.9 10.9 3.4

Austria 1002 4.7 16.9 48.7 25.4 4.3

Poland 1003 1 13.2 51.7 26.6 7.5

Portugal 1004 3.3 14.6 43.2 26.9 12

Romania 1005 2.8 15.1 49.6 23.6 9

Slovenia 1002 4.7 16.5 56.2 18.1 4.5

Slovakia 1011 2.5 19.3 47.8 21.8 8.7

Finland 1003 3.4 21.1 52.6 18.8 4.1

Sweden 1014 5.8 19.6 45.3 18.7 10.6

United Kingdom 1000 7.6 19.2 41.8 28.1 3.4


page 42

Table 10b. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development by segment

QUESTION: Q5_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space

exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development

Total N

%

Disagree

strongly

%

Disagree % Agree

%

Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 5.1 17.8 47.8 22.4 6.9

SEX

Male 12384 5.2 15.6 47 28.2 4.1

Female 13230 5.1 19.9 48.6 16.9 9.5

AGE

15 - 24 3881 4.1 17.5 52.2 23.5 2.8

25 - 39 5916 5.1 20.6 47.8 22.1 4.4

40 - 54 6895 5.4 17.5 49.5 22.3 5.4

55 + 8756 5.2 16.4 44.7 22.2 11.5

EDUCATION (end of)

Until 15 years of age 4248 7.5 17.5 42 17 16

16 - 20 10881 5.5 18.4 48.4 22.1 5.6

20 + 7348 3.4 17.1 49.2 26.1 4.1


URBANISATION

Metropolitan 4420 4.9 17 47 27.2 3.8

Urban 10868 4.5 18 48.1 22.4 7

Rural 10214 5.8 18.1 47.9 20.2 8

OCCUPATION

Self-employed 2130 6.2 17.8 48 23.7 4.3

Employee 8446 4.2 18.9 49.4 23.7 3.8

Manual worker 2097 5.5 18.4 48.6 21.5 6

Not working 12844 5.5 17.1 46.6 21.4 9.4


page 43

Table 11a. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources by country

QUESTION: Q5_C. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space

exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources

Total N

% Disagree


% Strongly

agree % DK/NA

EU27 25614 5.7 16.8 44.7 25.9 6.9

COUNTRY

Belgium 1001 2.9 18.3 47.9 22.4 8.5

Bulgaria 1001 0.3 5.3 38.1 47.2 9.1

Czech Rep. 1001 2.2 16.8 47.8 28.4 4.7

Denmark 1005 2.6 22.5 45 23.1 6.9

Germany 1012 7.1 22.5 44.8 19.4 6.1

Estonia 1004 3.8 13 42.1 29 12.1

Greece 1000 4.6 12.6 41.9 36.4 4.5

Spain 1002 4.3 15.5 49.5 24.6 6.2

France 1000 11 18.1 43.1 20.4 7.4

Ireland 1000 6.2 14 37.2 39.3 3.3

Italy 1014 4.8 15.4 48.4 21.9 9.5

Cyprus 500 1.4 12.1 47.6 34.5 4.4

Latvia 1014 1.1 14.7 43.3 31.

Documents

Space Activities of the European Union. Analytical Report