SOUVENIR& 2017 sourcebook.pdf · DFI is an international non-profit forum for engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers, and academia to share knowledge that improves

DFI - INDIA 2017

7TH ANNUALCONFERENCE ON

Deep Foundation Technologiesfor Infrastructure Development in India

October 05-07, 2017, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India

Organised byDeep Foundations Institute of India in association with Indian Institute of Technilogy Madras, Chennai, and Chennai Chapter of Indian Geotechnical SocietyPrinted by

Masterbuilder, Chennai, www.masterbuilder.co.in

Published and Copyright by Deep Foundations Institute of India19 Usha Street, Dr. Seeethapathy Nagar, Velachery, CHENNAI 600042Tamil Nadu, INDIA [email protected], www.dfi-india.org

DRILL

ED P

ILES

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EEP EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

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PROVEMENT / DRIVEN PILES /

S O U V E N I R &A B S T R A C T B O O K

PLATINUM SPONSOR

Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India

IIT Madras, India, 05-07 October 2017

Deep Foundations Instutute, DFI India Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

Indian Geotechnical Society, Chennai Chapter, Chennai, India

Souvenir With extended abstracts

Sponsor / Exhibitor catalogue

CHENNAI CHAPTER

Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India -DFI-India 2017 IIT Madras, Chennai, India, 05-07 October 2017

ii

Advisory Committee

Dan Brown, Dan Brown and Association and DFI President John R. Wolosick, Hayward Baker and DFI Past President Gianfranco Di Cicco, GD Consulting LLC and DFI Trustee Prof. V.S. Raju, Former Director of IIT Delhi Prof. M.R. Madhav, Emeritus Professor at JNTU Hyderabad and IIT Hyderabad M. Iyengar, Former Executive Director of Engineers India Ltd Er. Shankar Guha, Simplex Infra Ltd Dr. V.V.S. Rao, Nagadi Consultants Prof. S.R. Gandhi, NIT Surat and EC Member, DFI of India Prof. BVS Viswanatham, IIT Bombay and EC Member, DFI of India Prof. Monaj Datta, IIT Delhi and EC Member, DFI of India Prof. G.L. Sivakumar Babu, IGS President Prof. Gautam Bhattacharya, IIEST Shibpur Dr. Niranjan Swarup, CIDC and EC Member, DFI of India Er. Arvind Shrivastava, Nuclear Power Corp. of India and EC Member, DFI India Dr. V.R. Raju, Keller Group Plc

Technical Committee

Dr. V. Balakumar, Simplex Infrastructure Ltd and EC Member, DFI of India Dr. P.V. Chandra Mohan, Navayga Eng. Co Ltd. Prof. Deepankar Chowdhury, IIT Bombay Er. Dilip V. Karandikar, D.V Karandikar and Associates Prof. K. Ilamparuti, CEG Anna University Er. Jeyson J. Samuel, L&T Geostructure Chennai and EC Member, DFI of India Dr. Kumar Pitchumani, AECOM India Pvt Ltd India and EC Member, DFI of India Dr. K.K. Moza, Geotechnical Consultant Dr. A. Murali Krishna, IIT Guwahati Prof. K. Rajagopal, IIT Madras Er. T. Rambabu, UR Ground Engineering Pvt Ltd Dr. K.S. Rama Krishna, Chairman-DFI of India Er. Seth Vaidya, Langan Er. Ravikiran Vaidya, Geo Dynamics India and EC Member, DFI of India Er. Siva Arunachalam, Soletanche Bachy Dr. Subhadeep Banerjee, IIT Madras Dr. Sunil Basarkar, Afcon Infrastructure Limited and EC Member, DFI of India Er. Mary Ellen Bruce Large, DFI Director of Technical Activities

Organizing Committee

Prof. A. Boominathan, IIT Madras, Conference Chair Er. I.V. Anirudhan, Geotechnical Solution and Vice ChairmanDFI of India, Organising Secretary Prof. T. Thyagaraj, IIT Madras, Organising Secretary Dr. Anil Joseph, IGS Kochi Er. Arvind Saraf, Director, Sugam Infrastructure Limited Er. K. Bairagi, L&T Geostructure Er. Y. Hari Krishna, Keller Ground Engineering Pty Ltd and EC Member, DFI of India Er. Jagpal Singh Lotay, Bauer Maschinen and EC Member, DFI of India Er. Kamlesh Mishra, Geo – Ground Engineering Operation India Pvt Ltd Er. Laxmi Kanta Tripathy, Dept. of Water Resources Odisha and EC Member, DFI of India Mr. T.S. Mahendran, DFI of India Dr. V.B. Maji, IIT Madras Er. Mohan Ramanathan Advance, Construction Technologies Chennai Dr. K. Muthukumaran, NIT Trichy Prof. M. Muttharam, CEG Anna University Er. M.D. Nair, IGS Kochi Er. Pradeep Kumar D., Panasia Project Consultancy Pvt Ltd Er. G. Prasad, DFI of India Prof. K. Premalatha, CEG Anna University Er. S.N. Rajan, L&T-Construction Er. Rajan Peter, BAUER Specialized Foundation Contractor India Pvt Ltd Er. P.N. Ravi, Geo Foundation and Structure Prof. R.G. Robinson, IIT Madras Prof. V.K. Stalin, CEG Anna University Theresa Engler, DFI Executive Director


iii

Preface

DFI-INDIA 2017: The Seventh Annual Conference on Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India with a one-day pre-conference workshop on Foundations for Power Systems: Electric Transmission and Hydropower is being organized by Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) and DFI of India in collaboration with Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai and Indian Geotechnical Society-Chennai Chapter during 05-07 October 2017 at IIT Madras, Chennai.

DFI is an international non-profit forum for engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers, and academia to share knowledge that improves the planning, design, and construction aspects of deep foundations and deep excavations. In 1996, DFI organized its first conference in India in Mumbai (Bombay). DFI of India was registered in the year 2013 as non-profit organisation with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MOCA) and entered into an affiliation agreement with DFI. Six annual conferences on a common theme Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India were organised at Hyderabad, IIT Madras, IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IISc Bangalore and IIST Shibpur.

The conference is designed to have three main events: a one-day workshop on Foundations for Power Systems, a two-day conference to highlight latest foundation technologies in four important categories namely, deep excavation support systems, driven piles, drilled piles and ground improvement. The third event which runs parallel with the conference is the exhibition, is to show case latest technologies, equipment, testing & monitoring techniques, and special materials. Seven Keynote lectures from overseas and Indian experts and twenty five presentations from industry specialists and researchers form backbone of this conference. These are compiled and presented in this Souvenir. The full-length papers are provided in electronic media.

For making this souvenir a valuable document and guide, the organizing committee has included technical abstracts, along with messages of dignitaries, details of sponsors and exhibitors. We hope the volume will be of interest and benefit to the delegates.

A Conference of this scale would not be possible without the support and contributions of the invited Speakers, Authors, Conference Sponsors, Exhibitors and Delegates. We gratefully acknowledge all for their generous support and inspirational participation.

The number of sponsors and exhibitors was far below the expectations. DFI of India is not considering this as a sign of irrelevance, but a fallout of the present temporary economic slowdown. We also express our sincere gratitude to the members of the Advisory Committee, Organizing Committee, Technical Committee and Student Volunteers for their untiring efforts, besides individuals who lent their quiet efforts for making this Conference a great success. The untiring and enthusiastic support in the form of guidance, close coordination and follow up by Ms. Theresa Engler, Executive Director, Ms. Mary Ellen Large, Technical Activities Manager, and the staff of DFI are gratefully acknowledged. Last but not the least the secretarial and administrative services rendered by T S Mahendran of DFI of India Office are highly appreciated.

Dr. K.S. Rama Krishna I.V. Anirudhan Chairman-DFI of India Vice Chairman-DFI of India


iv

About the Organizers

Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) and DFI of India

DFI is an international non-profit association of engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers in the deep foundations and deep excavations industry.

DFI of India was registered at Chennai with the Ministry of Company Affairs as a non-profit organization in 2013, following the success of its first event in Hyderabad in 2011 and the inaugural Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India conference held in Chennai in 2012. These events were followed by highly successful conferences in Mumbai in 2013, in New Delhi in 2014, in Bangalore in 2015 and in Kolkata in 2016. Several seminars and workshops were organized in different cities in India.

The chapter's mission is to help the Indian foundation industry on a continuous and sustained basis in measurable steps, to become professional and to embrace new technologies for faster development of India. The chapter looks to provide a platform for continuous interaction for all stakeholders of the Indian foundation industry, including international agencies via seminars, workshops and training courses. Visit www.dfi-india.org for more information about DFI of India.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (www.iitm.ac.in), one among the foremost institutes of national importance in higher technological education, basic and applied research, was established in 1959. IIT Madras is a residential institute with nearly 550 faculty, 8000 students and 1250 administrative and supporting staff and is a self-contained campus located in a beautiful wooded land of about 250 hectares. It has established itself as a premier centre for teaching, research and industrial consultancy in the country. Visit www.iitm.ac.in for more information about IIT Madras.

Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Chennai Chapter

INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY, IGS, was established in 1948 with the purpose of advancement and dissemination of knowledge in different fields of geotechnical engineering. The Madras Chapter of IGS was established in 1987 and later named as Chennai Chapter. Chennai Chapter (www.igschennai.in) has more than 900 life members including about 120 members of parent body. The chapter has been organizing seminars and symposiums every year with emphasis on field practices. The National Conference IGC-1983 was held at IIT Madras. The Chennai Chapter conducted IGC-1996 at Anna University, IGC 2006 at IIT Madras and IGC-2016 at IIT Madras. The Chapter also organised the 4th Indian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference (4IYGEC) on May 17-18, 2013 at IIT Madras. The Sixth International Symposium, 6IGS-Chennai 2015, on Disaster Mitigation in Special Geoenvironmental Conditions was organized by the Chapter and Indian Institute of Technology Madras during January 21-23, 2015, with the support of Asian Technical Committee on Geotechnology for Natural Hazards (ATC-3) of ISSMGE. IGS Bangalore Chapter and IGS Kochi Chapter were the co-organisers of the symposium. The IGS Chennai Chapter received the best chapter award twice during 2012 and 2013. Visit www.igschennai.in for more information about the chapter.


v

Message from President, DFI


vi

Message from Chairman, DFI of India


vii

Message from President, Indian Geotechnical Society

President Prof. G.L. Sivakumar Babu Hon. Secy. Prof. J.T. Sahu

Dear distinguished colleagues

On behalf of the Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), I wish to congratulate DFI India on the eve of organising the 7th Conference on ‘Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure in India'. It is also nice to know that a workshop on 'Foundations for Power Systems: Electric Transmission and Hydropower' is being held and these events are being held in IIT Madras during 05-07 October 2017.

DFI India has been quite active in India in the recent years in bringing a number of experts and practitioners in foundation technologies and ground improvement together to address the critical needs in technology and knowledge sharing in the geotechnical aspects of design and construction of foundations of civil infrastructure.

The technical program is excellent and has participation of many experts and professionals from industry. I am sure that the deliberations in the workshop and conference present an opportunity for the professionals to arrive at new/innovative, rational methods of design and construction that enable fast track construction and also ensure safety and sustainability in geotechnical constructions in the country.

I wish the conference a great success.

Best wishes and regards

Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu President, Indian Geotechnical Society


viii

Message from Chairman, IGS Chennai Chapter


ix

Table of Contents

DFI-India 2015 Organising committee ii Preface iii About organisers - DFI, IIT Madras and IGS Chennai iv Message by Chairman, Deep Foundations Institute, USA v Message by Chairman, Deep Foundations Institute of India vi Message by President, Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi vii Introduction to the Keynote Speakers Design of Transmission Line Structure Foundations - State-of-the-Art Practices in the U.S. 1 Dr. Prasad Yenumula, Principal Engineer, Duke Energy, [email protected] Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport – Terminal 2, Mumbai. 2 Surya Prakash Karri, Head EDRC, L & T, [email protected] Construction Site Safety - An Indian Perspective 4 Murali Krishna P, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt Ltd, [email protected] Grouting, Deep Mixing And Diaphragm Walls: Achieving Success Through Safety 5 Richard Marshall, ADSC: International Association of Foundation Drilling, rmarshall@adsc-

iafd.com

Tip Post-Grouting Of Drilled Shafts - Evaluation And Guidance 6 Dr. Antonio Marinucci, MBA, PE, M.ASCE, V2C Strategists LLC, [email protected] Soil Improvement by Jet-Grouting Technique 6 Filippo Mira-Catto, Rodio Geotechnik AG, [email protected] Limited Mobility Grouting 8 Michael J. Byle, P.E., D.GE., F. ASCE, Tetra Tech, Inc, [email protected] Overview of Cutoff Wall Methods 9 James A Morrison, P.E. ILF Consultants [email protected] Secant Pile Dam Cut-Off Walls In Hard Rock - Case Histories 10 Steni Stefani, P.E., Ricerca e Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni, [email protected] Transmission Tower Case History - Vijaywada 11 Prof. S.R. Gandhi, Director, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat,

[email protected]

Contributiong Papers Foundation in Simsima Lime Stone for an Underground Reservoir

Chandramohan Pattuparambil, Navayuga Engineering Company Limited 13

Concrete Overbreak Estimation and Analysis Errors in Bored Piles Nuno Cruz, GEO-Ground Engineering Operations

14

Critical Evaluation of Indian Standard for the Design of Laterally Loaded Piles Sanket Rawat, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India; Vikash Prasad, BITS

Pilani, India; and Ravi Kant Mittal, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India

15


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Insight to Foundation Construction of Extradosed - 3rd Narmada Bridge over River Narmada, Bharuch, Gujarat Ekhlaq Khan, L&T Construction

16

Stub Pier Stabilization Performance Jess Schroeder, Terracon Consultants;and Swaminathan Srinivasan, Terracon Consultants

17

Design Mix Specifications of Plastic Concrete for Dam Cut off Diaphragm Walls Dr. Bhaskara Sarma, L&T Construction; and Biswabikash Rout, L&T Construction

18

Numerical Modelling of a Deep Excavation Shoring for Replacement of Control Structure at a Dam Deep Khatri, Terracon Consultants Inc; Lok Sharma, Terracon Consultants Inc; and Brett

Bradfield, Terracon Consultants Inc

19

Seismic Considerations for Bridge Foundations Lok Sharma, Terracon Consultants Inc

20

Application of Multiple Excavation Support Systems in Brown Field Project Shuvranshu Rout, Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd; Biswajit Das, Tata Consulting Engineers

Ltd; Anup Mandal, Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd; and Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd

21

Use of Porous Concrete in Secant Bored Pile Walls Markus Herten, Fed. Waterways Eng. and Research Inst.; Matthias Pulsfort, University of

Wuppertal; Claudia Fierenkothen, University of Wuppertal; and Rolf Breitenbuecher, Ruhr-University of Bochum

22

Soil Improvement Using Soil Mixing - An Alternative Way for the Indian Market Franz-Werner Gerressen, Bauer Maschinen GmbH

23

Positive Cutoff Wall in Indian Dam - A New Technique for Difficult Geology Steni Stefani, Ricerca e Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni;and Sanjay Dave, Hindustan

Construction Company

24

Proof of Bearing Capacity of Anchors on the Example of Innovative Anchor Monitoring System Arne Kindler, Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH; Karolina Nycz, Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH; and

Stephan Großwig, GESO GmbH & Co. Projekt KG

25

Bore Pile Stabilization Issues in Offshore Marine Works Saul Rodriguez, Geo-Ground Engineering Operations

26

Simulation of Offshore Piling Using Advanced Dynamic Material Point Method (MPM) Christian Moormann, Geotechnical Institute; Sujith Gowda, Geotechnical Institute; Shreyas

Giridharan, Geotechnical Institute; and Fursan Hamad, Geotechnical Institute

27

Lateral Load Capacity of Helical Piles in Sand BALU GEORGE, IIT Madras; Subhadeep Banerjee, IIT Madras; and Shailesh Gandhi, IIT

Madras

28

Estimation of Shaft and Base Responses from Pile Load Test Vijay Kiran Kota, IIT, Bombay; Madhav Madhira, JNT University & IIT Hyderabad; and

Vidyaranya Bandi, L&T, Mumbai

29

Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Expansive Soils Mixed with Waste EPS Beads Soundara Balu, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology; Suganya A, Bannari Amman Institute

of Technology; and Selvakumar S, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology

30

Advances in Desaturation of Sandy Soil to Mitigate the Liquefaction Hazard Dhanaji Chavan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; and Thilak Sitharam, Indian Institute

of Science, Bangalore

31

Effect of Non-Plastic Fines on Liquefaction Susceptibility of Fine Sands 32


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Akhila M, NIT Calicut;And Rangaswamy Kodi, NIT Calicut;And Sankar N, NIT Calicut

Securing Rail Infrastructure in Romania

Andreas Brandner, IB-Brandner 33

Evaluating Degree of Consolidation of Soft Soil by Using Asaoka, Hyperbolic and Back Analysis Method M Kumar, ITD Cementation India Limited; and Aminul Islam, ITD Cementation India Limited

34

Treatment of Soft Clays by Combined Encased Stone Columns and Vacuum Consolidation Ganesh Kumar Shanmugam, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute

35

Grouting Methods Involved in Stabilization of TBM Tunnel near CP-06, UAA-04, Chennai Metro Ahmed Shaz, L&T Construction; Sohail Wajid, L&T Construction; Yeruva Ramanareddy, L&T

Construction; and Koneru Bhavani, L&T Construction

36

Soil Grouting to Arrest Foundation Settlement Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited;and Shuvranshu Rout, Tata Consulting

Engineers Limited;and Anuj Singh, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited

37

Deterministic Analysis for Liquefaction and Its Mitigation by Suitable Foundation Type in Bangladesh Arpit Parikh, M-Struct Engg.

38

Ground Improvement for the Distressed Earth Bund Using Stone Column - A Case Study Purantharan A, L&T GeoStructure; Vetriselvan A, L&T GeoStructure; and Kumaran M, L&T

GeoStructure

39

Evaluating Efficiency of GEO5 in the Analysis of Pile Foundation Sanket Rawat, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India; Elizabeth Varghese,

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India; Ravi Kant Mittal, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India; and Prachuryya Kaushik, BITS

40

Conference Schedule 41 Pre-conference Workshop Schedule 43 Advertisement - Sponsors and Exhibitors 45 PRD Rigs India Private Limited (Platinum Sponsor) (inside front cover) L&T GeoStructure (Platinum Sponsor) (Inside back cover) PS Drilltech (Exhibitor) Geo Ground Engineering Operations India Pvt Ltd (Exhibitr) Ceocons (Advertisor) Keller Gorund Engineering India Private Limited (Silver Sponsor) Geo Foundations and Structures Pvt Ltd. (Bronze Sponsor) Gimpex Imerys India Private Limited (Exhibitor) Simplex Infrastructures Limited (Bronze Sponsor) Bureau Veritas India (Exhibitor) ISGTI New Delhi (Information) Liebherr (Bronze Sponsor) IGC 2017 at Guwahati (Information)


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www.dfi-india.org [email protected]


1

KEYNOTE LECTURE DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURE FOUNDATIONS - STATE-OF-THE-ART PRACTICES IN THE U.S.

Dr. Prasad Yenumula, Principal Engineer, Duke Energy, [email protected]

In this presentation, the design practices for foundations of different transmission structures will be covered. The foundation types discussed will include direct embedment pole foundations, drilled shafts, grillage and concrete footings, helical piles, microplies, vibratory caissons and anchor foundations. These foundation types are subjected to a variety of loadings such as moment/lateral, uplift, and compression depending on their application to different transmission structures, such as single poles, H-frames, lattice towers, and guyed structures.

Currently, there are no standard design methodologies, and the practices vary across the US. Different theories, design assumptions and design software currently used in the US utility industry will be included. Additionally, some of the recent LRFD design concepts introduced in the design software will be covered. The methodology for strength factor development using actual test data will be illustrated with an example. The speaker’s own published research work on several foundation types will be discussed. This presentation will identify references to several publicly available documents for good design practices.

Dr. Prasad Yenumula is currently a Principal Engineer from the Transmission Line Engineering System Standards of Duke Energy, USA. He earned his Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral degrees in Civil engineering with an MBA degree with a specialization in Global Management. With a post-doctoral fellowship in engineering, he published more than 50 research papers in various journals and conferences. He worked as a line design engineer, line standards engineer and lines asset manager in the US & Canada for over 20 years. He was responsible for managing and leading a number of line projects and special assignments, along with developing various technical standards and specifications. He recently coauthored a textbook on transmission line structures and foundations.

He is also a Professor (adjunct) with Gonzaga University, Washington, and contributes to the development and teaching of the on-line Transmission & Distribution engineering Master’s program. He also teaches business students at the University of Phoenix. He offered training classes in the areas of line design, standards and line design software. He was invited to make several presentations, was a reviewer of research papers, an advisor to Master’s students, and an examiner for doctoral students.

He is currently the Chair of line design task force of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). He is also the current Chair of CEATI (The Center for Energy Advancement through Technological Innovation) International’s TODEM interest group. He is a member (alt) of NESC (National Electrical Safety Code) Subcommittee-5 (Strength and Loadings), EEI’s (Electric Edison Institute) NESC/Electric Utilities Representative Coordinating Task Force and ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), ISSMGE, SEI and DFI. He is a current member of the DFI’s working group on Electric Power Systems Foundations. He is Duke’s industry advisor to NATF, NEETRAC, EPRI and CEATI. He is also in various other national standards committees such as ASCE 10 on lattice towers, ANSI C29 on insulators and on the ASCE-FRP Blue Ribbon Panel review team. He received thirteen awards for his engineering, research and teaching efforts which include best Ph.D. thesis, best papers, and four faculty of the year awards.

WORKSHOP PRESENTATION

Foundation Designs for Transmission Line Structures: This presentation will cover various transmission structure foundation types such as drilled shaft concrete foundations, directly buried pole foundations, concrete footings including steel grillages and special foundations such as helical piles/helical anchors, and micropiles. The presentation will include an overview of design procedures and worked examples.


2

KEY NOTE LECTURE FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL ROOF IN MEGA PROJECTS - HEAD HOUSE ROOF AT MUMBAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, MUMBAI, INDIA.

Surya Prakash Karri, Head EDRC, L & T, [email protected]

Synopsis: The Head-House Roof (HHR) of Terminal 2 of Chattrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA), Mumbai, is one of the largest single roof structures in the world, which is devoid of expansion joints and lies at 38m height above ground over the departures area of Terminal. Unique features for the roof include long span roof trusses (64m along N-S and 34m along E-W), more than 1 kilometer of long span cantilevers (35m), the North cable wall structure, and the 30 "Mega Columns" (MC) which support the roof, is equal to 10 football fields. Head House Roof forms as one of the signature Architectural elements of the Terminal Design that cover a plan area of roughly 17 acres (68420sqm) which consumed over 15850 MT of steel. This huge structure rests on basalt rock at 6m below ground level. While piling was considered as one of the options for foundation system owing to large spans, segregation of structural system for terminal and head house roofs helped to provide piling for head house roof while open foundations adopted for terminal substructure. Challenges with rock blasting, logistics in execution enthuse the civil engineers the most.

The four story structure below the mega steel roof was constructed of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) comprised of six separate buildings each carefully separated by Seismic Expansion Joints. Truss geometry and configuration were determined based on considerations of strength, stiffness, modular erection and differential deflections of non-uniform cantilevers. Extensive wind tunnel study was carried out to determine wind induced forces on the roof. A special construction scheme was used for the erection of the roof, which avoided using the floor slabs for erection.

1. Design: Skidmore Owings and Merrill, NY 2. Design, Architects and Engineers of Record: Larsen and Toubro - EDRC (Engineering Design and

Research Center) 3. Construction Management: Larsen and Toubro Construction 4. Construction: Larsen and Toubro Construction, Geodesic Techniques and Yongnam (GYSPL) 5. Client: Mumbai International Airport Ltd.

Surya Praksah Karri

General Manager, Head – IT, OS and Airports Design at L&T Ltd., ECC Division Lead In charge of all engineering, Structural engineering, Coordination of Architectural, MEP Services for Office Buildings, IT Parks, Airports.

Graduated in Civil Engineering, Post Graduated with specialisation for Post-Graduation in Structural Engineering. Having an overall experience of 20 years in the design and construction of Airports, Office Buildings and IT Park Buildings.

Expertise includes Structural Design and Multidisciplinary Coordination of Airports and Commercial Buildings with Post Tensioned, Precast and Structural steel systems for medium and tall height buildings.


3

Handled thoroughly, Passenger Terminal Building (PTB) with state of art BHS, PBB, Check¬In & Public amenities, precast post-tensioned structures & RCC In-situ post tensioned continuous roof slabs and beams, Precast Designs & Fagade - Structural Glazing, Cable Wall Design and Complex Membrane roofing systems. Design interfacing & coordination, BIM effective utilisation.

Served as Head of Design Team of Mumbai International Airport and successfully completed Airport Terminal, MLCP, ATC Tower and Ancillary Buildings up to Feb 2014.

Presently working as Head of Information Technology, Office Spaces and Airports Designs of CBA (Commercial Buildings and Airports) segment and with Post Tensioned, Precast, and Structural steel systems for medium and tall height buildings. Responsible for Project structural designs and coordination to lead the team to ensure Customer intent realised in execution.

During Construction 2011-12

During Airport Operations 2014


4

KEYNOTE LECTURE CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY - AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Murali Krishna P, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt Ltd, [email protected]

The construction industry is the single biggest non-agricultural industry in the entrepreneurial world. Construction sector is next to Agriculture, is the second largest economic activity in India in terms of employment and plays an important role in the nation’s wealth. The performance of other sectors of the economy is interlinked with this industry which generates demand for both skilled and semi-skilled labour force. Around 16% of the nation’s working population depends on construction for its livelihood.

“Construction sites are precarious places where injury or death or illness can cause to workers. Safety in construction is a matter of distress in India. The construction sector is the most vulnerable segments of the unorganised labour in India. Whenever accident happens, the agony of the wounded workforce and their families will be in aggrieved scenario & it is extremely intricate to appease them in economic terms. But with Humanitarian grounds, organization should plan well in advance for the safety of workforce at the work place at the inception itself.

According to Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC), Government of India estimated that about 165 per 1000 workers get injured in the construction sector with fatality rate of 12000 critical cases per annum. Top Management should display empathetic attitude at the time of distress towards work force.

Construction Site Safety should be key aphorism of the apex Management & it should be from the inception stage i.e. at the time of Project design itself. This strategy builds on the existing superior work to improve health and safety over many years and provides added impetus to these initiatives and the opportunity to think afresh. This systematic approach integrates occupational safety and health objectives into the company’s organizational structure which will be motto of any organization.

Outstanding Leadership would enable systematic approach towards Health & Safety at work place. Be sure to assess your work operations and include safety and health information that fits your specific needs, types of hazards, and the size and complexity of your business.

Think Safe – Work Safe – Go Home Safe

Murali Krishna P: Post Graduate in Environmental Science having more than 10 years of professional experience in construction safety of Petro chemical projects, power plants, industrial structures in Middle East (Qatar, KSA, Dubai) and in India. He has worked in multinational organizations such as Samsung, McConnell Dowell, Kempe in the past. Presently, he is HSEQ Manager with Keller Group in India.

Murali Krishna has bagged several certification courses in Health, Safety & Environment field. He is a qualified lead auditor for BS-OHSAS 18001. He played a key role in obtaining OHSAS 18001 & ISO 14001 for Keller India.


5

KEYNOTE LECTURE GROUTING, DEEP MIXING AND DIAPHRAGM WALLS: ACHIEVING SUCCESS THROUGH SAFETY

Richard Marshall, ADSC: International Association of Foundation Drilling, [email protected]

As the Director of Safety for the ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling, I will be addressing some hazards associated with working platforms, silica exposure, and situational awareness when working around grouting and deep mixing equipment. Just about any person who works in the ground improvement industry will agree the past few decades have brought more exacting specifications from clients; larger buildings; more work underground and more intricate methods of ground improvement operations onsite. To support this, bigger and more complex equipment has been built to provide the ability to install these sophisticated ground improvement elements.

Safety is usually the primary driver to install a quality working platform and so it should be. We should all want our people and our equipment to be safe always, we do not want to be taking risks with either. Equipment is expensive and our people are priceless. Exposure to respirable silica is known to injure and potentially kill workers in this industry, and there are means and methods available to greatly reduce this risk. Complacency, especially around large, heavy equipment can spell certain disaster to a worker involved with a ground improvement project. Awareness of you work environment is key - especially since the environment on a ground improvment site changes often - perhaps even daily.

Rick began work in the construction trades in 1973 as a Carpenter/Piledriver Foreman and Superintendent for several deep foundation contractors. In 1992, he received his Advanced Safety Certificate from the National Safety Council Safety Training Institute, and later became and remains an authorized OSHA Outreach Trainer. In 1996, Rick achieved his CHST designation, and in 2000 earned his B. S. in Occupational Safety & Health from Columbia Southern University. Rick is currently the Director of Safety for the ADSC: The International Association of Foundation Drilling. He co-wrote the updates for all the current ADSC Safety booklets, and authored the ADSC Drilled Shaft and Anchor & Micro Pile Installation safety video narrations. He is the Chairman and co-author of ANSI/ASSE A10.19 - Safety Requirements for Pile Driving & Extraction Operations and ANSI/ASSE A10.23 - Safety Requirements for Drilled Shafts. He is a SME (Subject Matter Expert) for NAIT (Northern Alberta Institute of Technology) Foundation Drill Rig Operators training course, an SME for the ADSC/NCCCO Foundation Drill Rig Operator Certification Task Force, and is a member of the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE).


6

KEYNOTE LECTURE TIP POST-GROUTING OF DRILLED SHAFTS - EVALUATION AND GUIDANCE

Dr. Antonio Marinucci, MBA, PE, M.ASCE, V2C Strategists LLC, [email protected]

Tip post-grouting is a technique used to inject, under pressure, a neat cement grout beneath the base of a bored pile (i.e., drilled shaft). This method enhances or improves the axial load-displacement performance by increasing the axial resistance of the shaft and/or by improving the mobilization of shaft resistance. Potential benefits of post-grouting drilled shafts include reduced settlement under loading, decreased length of the shaft, better alignment of load transfer curves for end and side resistance, “usable” tip resistance in design computations, and improved ground beneath the base of the shaft. Since the early 2000s, post-grouting of drilled shafts in the United States has increased in both the private and public sectors. As noted during a workshop in 2015 sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), post-grouting of drilled shafts has been performed on more than 1,800 drilled shafts on at least 35 bridge projects for 19 different state departments of transportation (DOTs). In 2011, the FHWA sponsored research to evaluate the effectiveness of, and improvement mechanisms associated with, post-grouted drilled shaft foundations for transportation applications. The research effort combined with information compiled during the workshop was designed to identify and quantify the mechanisms for improvement that will ultimately provide a framework for evaluating the benefits that post-grouting can achieve, considering shaft size, distribution system, and grout injection parameters. The framework is intended to improve construction control and provide more reliable prediction methods for design. The greater benefit of post-grouting may be realized in more cost effective drilled foundations, and more reliability in drilled shaft construction. The stiffer response in tip resistance will allow practitioners to consider more comfortably both side resistance and end bearing as part of drilled shaft design, which will lead to more efficient designs and reduced foundation costs. This presentation will provide an overview of the overall research effort, including the relative contributions from the different mechanisms contributing to improved performance, numerical modeling performed to isolate the improvement mechanisms, and the full-scale experimental testing program to confirm these mechanisms. The presentation will also present and discuss factors affecting the successful execution of tip post-grouting, including grouting criteria, instrumentation, reliability and uncertainty with the method and outcome, personnel qualifications, and verification and acceptance.

Dr. Antonio Marinucci is a Principal with V2C Strategists, LLC based in Brooklyn, NY, a (part-time) Research Professor and Lecturer at New York University, and Executive Editor at DFI Deep Foundations Magazine. He has been a designer, project engineer, estimator, and construction manager for a variety of projects involving earth retention systems, drilled and driven deep foundation systems, underpinning, and ground improvement systems. He was the project manager and a co-principal investigator of Phase I of the FHWA research project entitled “Evaluation and Guidance Development for Post-Grouted Drilled Shafts for Highways.” Dr. Marinucci received a BSCE and MBA from the University of Rhode Island, an MSCE from Northeastern University, and a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin. He is a professional engineer registered in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a course instructor for FHWA/National Highway Institute, and is an active member of numerous technical committees of the DFI, ADSC, ASCE/GI, ISM, and TRB. Dr. Marinucci has authored or coauthored technical papers on design and construction applications, practical research, and legal issues relating to geotechnical engineering and the geo-construction industry.


7

KEYNOTE LECTURE SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY JET-GROUTING TECHNIQUE

FILIPPO MIRA-CATTO, Rodio Geotechnik AG, [email protected]

The jet grouting technique is a very well-known technology since 1980s and it is widely used in the global geotechnical market within the soil treatment area. It can be used to underpin existing foundations, to construct excavation support walls, or to construct deep slabs in order to seal the bottom of an excavation. It can be also applied in tunneling as a temporary excavation support and as a break in-out for TBMs. The main jet-grouting characteristic is to improve the soil properties in terms of permeability reduction and strength increase; this technology deals with any type of soil (from gravel to clay) using a simple cement grout. The jet-grouting is a state-of-the art technique and, even if a lot of literature exists about this subject, the knowledge and the experience of a specialized company can help the designer to achieve the project requirements. The presentation will explain several aspects that normally arise on site; from the definition of the jet-grouting parameters during the test field to the daily quality control up to the final report. A good planning of the operation, from the mobilization to the end, can often result in time saving on the working schedule and, more important, in cost reduction. Case histories will cover all the uses of the jet-grouting from a test field for an underpinning works in a tunnel to an execution of a cut-off wall along a river.

Filippo Mira-Catto is the technical manager for Rodio Geotechnik AG and Rodio Spezialtiefbau GmbH, that both belong to the international Spanish company Terratest, based in Madrid., where he covers European projects. He holds a MSc in Environmental and Land Planning Engineering, school of Civil Engineering, with a specialization in “Georisorse” and he is an Italian Chartered Engineer of Bergamo Province. He has worked as project manager and as technical manager in Europe and New Zealand in the area of ground improvement, with specialization in grouting (high and low pressure) and ground freezing. For the second year he will be attending the DFI India Conference as keynote speaker in jet-grouting.


Rock Grouting Case History: This presentation will be a case history about rock grouting works for a water power plant in Switzerland (100,000 m drilling) and about a grout curtain (80 deep) under the new foundation dam (21,000 m drilling). To perform those grouting works we used the GIN Method.

Jet Grouting Case History: The presenter will discuss the use of jet-grouting as a cut-off wall, including a case history along a river in which to construct a new dam, the river banks need to be reinforced


8

KEYNOTE LECTURE LIMITED MOBILITY GROUTING (Remote presentation)

Michael J. Byle, P.E., D.GE., F. ASCE, Tetra Tech, Inc, [email protected]

Michael J. Byle will present on Limited Mobility Grouting -- Past, Present, And Future. He is currently National Discipline Lead for Civil and Geotechnical Engineering for Tetra Tech, Inc. Mr. Byle obtained his Bachelor of Science in Engineering with a Geotechnical specialty from the University of Michigan and a Master of Science in Engineering with a Geotechnical concentration from the Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the University of Michigan. He is author of more than 25 technical papers Mr. Byle has held a variety of positions within ASCE organizations including: Chair of Grouting Committee, member and Interim chair of the Technical Coordination Council, Chair of Education Task Force of the Geo-Institute, as well as chair of the 2003 and 2012 and 2017 Grouting Conferences and 2007 Karst conference. He is currently President of the International Conference Organization for Grouting (ICOG).


9


James A Morrison, P.E. ILF Consultants [email protected]

Overview of Cutoff Wall Methods

This presentation will outline the variety of construction techniques used for seepage control for hydropower dam projects.

Granite Lining of Sediment Bypass

This case history will present a successful project in which a sediment bypass around a dam was relined with cut granite to produce a green/durable solution.

James A Morrison: Executive Vice President of ILF, has over 33 years of professional geotechnical and civil engineering experience. His career has covered a broad spectrum of large and complex projects including tunnels, bridges, dams, hydroelectric generating plants, highways, deep excavations, transportation and water/sewer systems. As an industry leader, Jim has managed all aspects of project execution including successfully overseeing multi- disciplined teams and outside subconsultants. In addition to project execution, has provided risk assessment and management, forensic evaluation, and expert opinion on major projects throughout the world. He is a registered professional engineer in 10 US States and 2 Canadian Provinces.

As Engineering Services Manager for Kiewit, Jim also served as Corporate Geotechnical Manager, and was instrumental in developing corporate policies for temporary structures engineering management, geotechnical risk management, and engineering management compliance. He is considered an industry expert in geotechnical engineering, deep foundations design and construction excavation support systems, tunneling, and construction engineering.

As president of the Deep Foundations Institute, Jim has developed a global reputation and relationship with major foundation contractors, designers, and experts throughout the world. He was instrumental in developing DFI’s presence in India, the Middle East, Brazil, and developing a collaborative alliance with the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Jim has written numerous technical papers and presented lectures around the world on state of the practice in deep foundations construction, alternate contracting methods, and risk management for underground construction projects. Throughout his career, he has been recognized by his peers for his exceptional contributions to the industry.


10

WORKSHOP PRESENTATION SECANT PILE DAM CUT-OFF WALLS IN HARD ROCK - CASE HISTORIES

Steni Stefani, P.E., Ricerca e Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni, [email protected]

Case History #1 – Vajiralongkorn Dam, formerly known as Khao Laem Dam in Thailand. “Overlapping Piles form cut-off at Thai dam”. A 55m deep 30" in dia. (762mm) secant pile cut-off wall in karstic limestone for a 92-metre high CFRD (concrete-faced rockfill dam)with a 10-metre wide and 1,019-metre long crest on the Quae Noi River 8 km North of Amphoe Thong Pha Phum in the Kanchanaburi province of Thailand. Owner: Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT).

Case History #2 – “Overlapping piles stop seepage in U.S. dam”. Beaver Dam,Carroll County, north-west Arkansas. A 34-inch diameter (Ø 860mm), 63m-deep secant pile cut-off wall for dam rehabilitation on the White River. Owner: USACE – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District.

Steni Stefani

Owner: Ricerca & Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni, Galgagnano (Lodi) Italy

Geotechnical, Project Management, Dam Cut-off Walls, Structural Diaphragm Walls, Jet Grouting, Drilling & Grouting, Micropiles, Anchorages, DTH Drilling, Environmental Services, Occupational Safety, Site Organisation, Equipment Procurement and Maintenance,

May 2012- December 2015 Consultant to HCC (Hindustan Construction Co.Ltd) of Mumbai, India for the KGHEP (Kishanganga Hydro-Electric Project) in Kashmir. In this period supervising the construction of a 1m-thick cut-off wall in extremely difficult bouldery geology down to a depth of up to 33m. Cut-off Wall work platform for construction activity prepared at Elevation 2,364.50 m.

2010 - 2011 - Lecturer and Field Instructor for the Italian School of Construction (Genoa Branch) for mandatory Drill Rig Operator Licensing course. Courses co-sponsored by the Italian National Constructors Association (ANCE) and the Italian Association of Foundation Contractors (AIF).

2009 - Safety and Environmental Consultant to Prof. P. Venini of University of Pavia for subsoil remediation of a former large industrial site within the city of Pavia.

2006 Sept - 2007 July: Safety Co-ordinator for demolition of a 75,000 sq. m cast iron foundry and production facility with asbestos roofing and lagging. Co-ordination of five different sub-contractors.

2007 - 2009 Consultant to Ministry of Water Resources, Iraq; and Co-ordinating Member of Independent Panel of Experts for the Mosul Dam Rehabilitation in northern Iraq.


11

WORKSHOP PRESENTATION TRANSMISSION TOWER CASE HISTORY - VIJAYWADA

Prof. S.R. Gandhi, Director, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, [email protected]

This presentation will include a case study on foundations for transmission line tower across 2-km wide Krishna River in water depth up to 20 m near Vijaywada. Each tower is supported on 16 reinforced concrete bored cast-in-situ piles of large diameter, a group of four piles under each leg of the tower.

SR Gandhi, Ph.D.

Dr. Gandhi has been a faculty member at IIT Madras since 1982, in the Department of Ocean Engineering (1982-90) and in the Department of Civil Engineering (1990 onwards). He is presently the Director of Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat

After graduation from Saurashtra University in 1977, Dr. Gandhi obtained his M.Tech in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering at IIT Madras in 1979 and thereafter worked as Research Fellow of Engineers India Limited, New Delhi at IIT Madras to obtain Ph.D. in 1985 on topic “Load Transfer Characteristics of Piles Socketed in Weak Rocks”.

The main research areas of Dr. Gandhi are: Pile Foundation, Ground Improvement, Field Instrumentation/Monitoring, Safe Disposal of Fly-ash, etc. He carried out three major research projects with funds from Department of Science and Technology. His research guidance at IIT Madras include 7 Ph.D., 6 M.S. and over 25 M.Tech theses.

Dr. Gandhi has been advising various Government and private organizations as a consultant for design and analysis of foundations and associated with the activities of the Indian Geotechnical Society.


12

Appreciation

Mr. Shankar Guha Senior Technical Director

Simplex Infrastructures Limited, Chennai Deep Foundations Institute of India is pleased to acknowledge the outstanding lifetime service of Mr. Shankar Guha, Senior Technical Director, Simplex Infrastructures Limited to the Indian Construction Industry.

Mr. Shankar Guha, an example for professional commitment single minded devotion to his field and a man who has achieved this height by his dedication, performance and contribution to the field of piling. An accomplished Bridge Engineer, from 1970 onwards till now he is being involved in large number of piling projects. Being a longstanding Member of Bureau of Indian Standards, Sectional Committee, CED 43, he is responsible for maximum contribution to the growth of piling industry in South. An untiring personality, he has been accepted as an expert in piling practically by all the Government and Private agencies. Being one of the earliest Member in DFI from South India, it is with immense pleasure that DFI India felicitates him for his exemplary contribution to the piling industry. DFI of India wish him many more years of pleasant presence in the Indian Construction Industry.

Shri Shankar Guha is presently Senior Technical Director of M/s. Simplex Infrastructures Limited, a premier Construction Agency operating throughout India and several Overseas countries and specializing amongst other disciplines, Ground Engineering activities in a major way with a Turnover of Rs. 6,000 Crores.

Mr. Guha got graduated from Bengal Engineering College, Sibpur, Kolkata with University First Rank. He started his career with M/s. Hindustan Construction Company, Bombay and has vast experience spanning over 55 years covering broadly bridges, pile foundations, ground improvement techniques and other allied geotechnical activities. He was involved in executing the deepest Well Sinking in the world for the Rail-cum-Road Bridge across the River Ganges near Mokamah in Bihar. It will not be an exaggeration to say that he had been responsible largely for bringing in driven cast-in-situ pile to the South in a big way. He was the first to introduce Driven Precast Segmental Piles and slip layer technique for eliminating negative skin friction in India and has to his credit driving 150m deep pile at Kochi which is the world’s deepest Onshore Pile. He participated in large number of National and International Seminars and made presentations.

Some highlights of his professional involvement are

Member of Institution of Civil Engineers, London. Chartered Engineer, London. Acted as a Member, Technology Department & Application Group, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Represented in Indian Standard Codes of Practice for Pile Foundations of all types. Member, Deep Foundations Institute, U.S.A. Fellow of Indian Geotechnical society. Presented number of Papers in Civil & Geotechnical engineering in Indian and International Seminars. Worked with Hindustan Construction Co., of Bombay and their Associates / sister concerns for 13 years.


13

FOUNDATION IN SIMSIMA LIME STONE FOR AN UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR

Dr Ir Chandramohan P.V., President (technical), Navayuga Engineering Company Ltd, Plot 379, Road 10, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telengana, India

Ravi Kishore, General Manager, Navayuga Engineering Company Ltd, Plot 379, Road 10, Jubilee Hills,

Hyderabad, Telengana, India

ABSTRACT

An underground reservoir was to be constructed at Doha in Qatar. Simsima lime stone is present at the bottom. When

the reservoir is empty, there will be uplift at the bottom but this will change to downward load when it is full. The rock

at the bottom had high hearing capacity to resist downward load. But uplift had to be resisted by piles or anchors. The

reservoir has a size of 120mx80m. Shrinkage and creep of concrete coupled with thermal contraction imposed a

horizontal movement of 26mm on the extreme piles. So, piles have to accommodate this as well. This unique situation

needed a unique solution. The solution was to provide piles with flexible high tensile strands to take tension. An

annular space near the head of the pile would facilitate horizontal movement as well. Compression load was directly

passed on to the raft bearing on rock.

Key words: Tension piles, high tensile strands, simsima lime stone, horizontal movement

Dr Ir P.V. Chandramohan

Dr Ir P.V. Chandramohan is basically a Harbour Engineer. He did his masters in Hydraulic engineering from IHE, Delft, The Netherlands. His PhD was also in Hydraulic Engineering - from IIT Bombay. His fields of experience are design and construction of port and harbour structures, bridges and lift irrigation projects. He has designed and constructed a number of bridges and Port and harbour structures. He had spent 49 years working in the profession. He has more than one hundred and twenty five technical publications to his credit in various conferences and journals. He has designed and constructed large diameter deep piles in marine clay and sand, rocky and bouldery strata. He has developed new formulation for pile capacity in a stratum of boulders.

He has developed several computer programs for the design of pre-stressed concrete bridges, breakwaters, tunnels,

canals, geotechnical and structural design of piles etc. He is a recipient of National Award for most outstanding bridge

1996 and 2010 for designing a tilting bridge at Cochin, and formulating the Goshree project at Cochin, India

respectively. The ‘Base Load System’ for measurement of dredging was developed by him. He has developed a new

type of armour block to resist wave action, and holds patent for the same. Patent for three inventions in the field of

piles is pending. He is a member of the committee on Port and Harbour structures of the Bureau of Indian Standards.

Presently he is working as President (Technical) at Navayuga Engineering Company.


14

CONCRETE OVERBREAK ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS ERRORS IN BORED PILES

Nuno Cruz, GEO-Ground Engineering Operations, Lisbon, Portugal, +52 5519616283,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The concrete overbreak estimation for bored piles provides the quantification of the shaft’s expansion beyond its

theoretical volume. There are stability analysis methods that can be employed before and after concrete pour but as for

the moment of decision, during pile cast, the most common method still consists in measuring the rising of the concrete

level in order to compare its poured volume with the theoretical pile section volume. This is a determinant parameter to

monitor, not only because it assesses the bored shaft stability but also because it represents a direct cost. When analyzing

the estimation methods commonly applied on-site it becomes evident that these are often affected by human errors that

lead to misleading results. The objective of this paper is to identify those errors and discuss a subject which is usually

overlooked. As a general conclusion, it was ascertained that most errors derive from inaccurate volumetric data, working

procedures and gauging equipment. By acknowledging these widespread practices deep foundations contractors will be

in a better position to make informed decisions on how to correct and improve bored pile stability.

Keywords: concrete overbreak, measuring errors, bored piles

Nuno Cruz

Cruz is a civil engineer with 9 years of experience in the construction industry, working in project management, tendering, planning and consulting positions. Since 2013 he has been working exclusively in deep foundation projects in New Delhi, India, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, different cities in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and he is currently living and working in Mexico where he has the position of Technical Team Leader for the local team of technical consultants.

mailto:[email protected]


15

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF INDIAN STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF

LATERALLY LOADED PILES

Sanket Rawat1, Vikash Prasad2, Ravi Kant Mittal3*

'Postgraduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Email: [email protected]

2Former graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Email: [email protected]

3Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Email: [email protected] Phone - +91-9694096463 * Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

The understanding of the response of pile foundations under various types of loads is a necessary prerequisite to analyze

and design them properly. Therefore, this paper highlights and compares the provisions available in Indian Standard IS

2911:2010 to estimate the capacity of laterally loaded pile foundation with the provisions available in different country

codes and existing literature. Comparisons are made between the Indian standard method, Broms method and Matlock

& Reese method for the analysis of laterally loaded piles due to popularity and prevalence of the later methods in design

offices worldwide. This has been achieved using a parametric study on pile embedded in pre-consolidated clay and sand

for both fixed head and free head case in terms of displacement and ultimate load capacity. It has been found that there

are various limitations to the Indian Standard method associated with various cases such as short pile analysis, complete

moment distribution etc. Therefore, suitable recommendations have been made on the basis of the above comparison to

improve the accuracy of the design in Indian perspective. The proposed comparison and subsequent area of

improvements will present the design engineers all across the globe, a broad sight of design specifications of laterally

loaded piles.

Keywords: Laterally loaded pile, Deflection, Capacity, IS2911

Sanket Rawat, M.E.

Sanket Rawat is presently a Graduate Student of Structural Engineering at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India. He holds B. Tech degree in Civil Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India. Mr. Rawat is also a registered Accredited Professional of Indian Green Building Council. His main area of research is related to the improvement in efficiency of structural design and sustainable construction materials. He has authored a good number of technical conference and journal articles in the aforementioned fields.





16

INSIGHT TO FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION OF EXTRADOSED - 3RD NARMADA BRIDGE

OVER RIVER NARMADA, BHARUCH, GUJARAT

Ekhlaq A Khan, EDRC, Larsen & Tubro Construction, Powai, Mumbai, India, Ph: 022-67059416,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The new third Bridge over Narmada River at Bharuch which was recently completed is characterized by some

aesthetically appealing elevations of the pylon and large size of the deck. This paper gives an insight to design and

construction technique adopted for foundation construction of Extra-dosed span - 3 rd Narmada Bridge at Bharuch

over river Narmada, Gujarat. Site being located in intertidal zone had its unique geological characteristics and own set

of difficulties during construction.

Key words: Sheet pile cofferdam, circular liner cofferdam, intertidal zone, pile foundation, BEF method

Ekhlaq A. Khan, MIE

E A Khan is Structural design engineer for L&T Construction, Mumbai, where he covers projects nationwide. He holds B.E. and M.E. degrees in civil engineering from the University of Mumbai. He is a registered Member of Institution of Engineer.

The highlights of his 12 years of professional career include designing of Special Steel Structures, developing

construction techniques, Deep E.L.S systems & enabling works for several Flyovers, Bridges, Industrial structures,

Elevated stations of Metro rail, Marine structures, residential and commercial buildings. Having expertise in design

and drawing along with fabrication of structural steel works, enabling works and implementation of variety of

construction and formwork systems. Trouble shooting matters related to construction engineering problems and

challenging job site conditions. He is the author of many technical papers on deep foundations.



17

STUB PIER STABILIZATION PERFORMANCE

Swaminathan Srinivasan, P.E., M. ASCE, Terracon Consultants, Inc., 18001 w. 106TH Street, Suite 300,

Olathe, Kansas USA, (913)599-6886, [email protected]

Jess A. Schroeder, P.E., M. ASCE, Terracon Consultants, Inc.,611 Lunken Park Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio,

(513) 321-5816. [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Landslide activity along U.S. 50 in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA) has caused roadway damage for decades. After a

necessary closure of three lanes due to slope movements, emergency stabilization measures were undertaken

to protect the roadway by providing a short-term solution necessitated by The Ohio Department of

Transportation budget constraints. The landslide shear plane occurred on a sloping bedrock surface as much

as 50 feet below grade. Drilled shafts were installed 40 feet downslope of the roadway shoulder and were

heavily reinforced across the shear plane but steel reinforcing did not extend the full length of the shafts and

was stopped well short of the ground surface. Instrumentation data has been collected for 11 years after

construction has shown these “Stub Piers” have provided much more than a short-term solution and have

provided an attractive alternate to conventional deep shafts or tieback drilled shaft options.

Keywords: Stub Piers, Shear Elements, Landslide Repair


18

DESIGN MIX SPECIFICATIONS OF PLASTIC CONCRETE FOR DAM CUT-OFF DIAPHRAGM WALLS

Dr. B Sivarama Sarma, Head R&D, L&T Construction, Chennai, India, [email protected]

Biswabikash Rout, Manager, R&D, L&T Construction, Chennai, India, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Seepage control has to be achieved with plastic concrete cut-off diaphragm walls in dam structures. Materials selected

for construction of cut-off walls must be durable, impermeable and have stiffness comparable to the surrounding soil.

Plastic concrete provides a feasible and economical solution for construction of durable and impermeable cut off walls

for dam structures. Plastic concrete wall should not be understood as a concrete wall with similar mechanical properties

of concrete used in buildings, piles and spillways sections. Though it consists of the same materials as those of

conventional concrete it has the major differences in end product due to predominant addition of bentonite slurry in the

mix with very high water cement ratio. This makes the hardened concrete with very low compressive strength less than

5MPa and high failure deformations after the peak load.

This technical paper examines a case study, the typical specifications on demand for construction and the issues

corresponding to misunderstanding of the material as a structural grade concrete material. Conclusions were drawn based

on a few project site quality data and trial mix experimental data. The anomalies in specifications on demand for

construction of curtain wall in a dam structure were removed with modifications.

Keywords: Plastic concrete, Cut-off walls, Diaphragm walls, Dams, Design mix, Specifications, bentonite slurry walls.




19

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF A DEEP EXCAVATION SHORING FOR REPLACEMENT OF

CONTROL STRUCTURE AT A DAM

Deep K. Khatri1, Lok M. Sharma2, and Brett Bradfield3

'Ph.D., P.E., Staff Geotechnical Engineer, Terracon Consultants, Inc., 13910 West 96th Terrace Lenexa, KS,

Phone: (913) 998-7435, Email: [email protected].

2P.E., Senior Principal, Terracon Consultants, Inc., 13910 West 96th Terrace Lenexa, KS,


3P.E., Senior Project Engineer, Terracon Consultants, Inc., 600 S.W. 7th Street, Des Moines, IA,


ABSTRACT

A shored enclosure was required to access a control structure upstream below the dam of a deep lake. The shoring

involves the interaction of the structure, soil, and water and the loads imposed include the hydrostatic forces of the water,

soil pressures as well as dynamic forces due to currents and waves. Deep excavation support systems have traditionally

been designed using classical methods that involve direct computations of earth pressures. However, traditional analysis

does not take into account soil-structure interaction. Numerical modelling offers better means to analyze soil-structure

interaction. This paper presents a 2D finite element (2D-FE) analysis of a deep excavation support structure that was

required to remove and replace a control structure at the upstream toe of a dam. The sheet-piling shoring was designed

to withstand the lateral pressures from 14 m deep free water and 5.5 m deep excavation below the free water to reach the

required excavation level to replace the gate structure. Elastic-plastic analyses were performed to predict the stresses and

deformations of the complicated shoring structure and excavation bottom. The soil parameters, procedures used to

develop the 2D-FE model, and the results are discussed in this paper. The shoring system is currently under construction.

Keywords: cofferdam, sheet-pile, load/deflection

Lok Sharma

Mr. Sharma has extensive experience in investigation, analysis, design, construction and project management of a

variety of projects relating to mining, energy resource developments, industrial plants, water resource developments

and transportation facilities. His involvement has included site investigations and design of bridge foundations,

reinforced earth bridge abutments and fills, transit tunnels, large dams and spillway structures, soil nail walls,

excavation supports, slope stability, grouting and geotechnical instrumentation and seismic analyses.

Lok obtained his Bachelor’s degree from IIT-Roorkee and Master’s degree from University of Alberta, Canada and is a

registered professional engineer in Kansas. Lok is a Senior Principal and a Senior Consultant with Terracon.


20

SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS

Lok M. Sharma, P.E., Senior Principal, Terracon Consultants, Inc., 13910 West 96th Terrace, Lenexa, Kansas, USA,

913.492.7777, [email protected].

ABSTRACT

Construction of a new bridge in a seismically sensitive area requires careful assessment of earthquake impact on the

serviceability of the facility. Not only is the superstructure vulnerable, the foundations play a key role in the bridge’s

survivability. A new bridge in eastern part of the state of Missouri in the U.S.A. is located in a seismically active area

and hence subject to additional thrust on the foundations and superstructure and potential damage due to liquefaction.

An eleven span bridge with foundation soils varying from shallow bedrock to over 30 m (100 feet) overburden soils were

considered for the bridge support piers. Two of the bridge support bents located within the flood plain area through over

30m (100 feet) of alluvial deposits were considered most affected by an earthquake event due to the additional thrust and

lateral ground spreading. This paper describes the determination of site specific seismic hazard, numerical modelling of

the foundation system, and methodology of dynamic analyses, effects of lateral spreading and liquefaction potential on

bridge support bents. From numerical modelling using FLAC, the increase in thrust on piers and deformations were

computed to predict the behavior of the foundations.

Keywords: Numerical Analyses, seismicity, lateral spreading, liquefaction

Lok Sharma

Mr. Sharma has extensive experience in investigation, analysis, design, construction and project management of a

variety of projects relating to mining, energy resource developments, industrial plants, water resource developments

and transportation facilities. His involvement has included site investigations and design of bridge foundations,

reinforced earth bridge abutments and fills, transit tunnels, large dams and spillway structures, soil nail walls,

excavation supports, slope stability, grouting and geotechnical instrumentation and seismic analyses.

Lok obtained his Bachelor’s degree from IIT-Roorkee and Master’s degree from University of Alberta, Canada and is a

registered professional engineer in Kansas. Lok is a Senior Principal and a Senior Consultant with Terracon.



21

APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN BROWN FIELD PROJECT

Shuvranshu K. Rout, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,

Phone - 8092472920, Email - [email protected]

Biswajit Das, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,


Anup K. Mandal, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,


Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,

Phone - (0657)6696303, Email - [email protected]

ABSTRACT

To adopt new technology advancement in Steel Plant, there is a requirement of shifting of operation process from Coke

Wet Quenching (CWQ) to Coke Dry Quenching (CDQ). New CDQ chamber foundation with deep basement and

underground conveyor tunnel are to be constructed in an operating plant where heavy foundations and structures are

located in close proximity. Furthermore, the existing CWQ system will be in operation during new underground

construction and erection. Challenges to deep excavation of tunnel and chamber foundation consist of non-uniform

ground condition, prevent washing out of soil from bottom of existing foundations, stability of existing nearby structures,

presence of large number of underground utilities, ensuring safe underground workplace to construction resources

engaged in new construction work along with project schedule and budget constraints. A combination methods involving

use of soil nailing, soil grouting, contiguous bored pile and micro pile had been adopted for protection of excavation

sides as well as existing structures. Each side of excavation in different stretches were analysed during design as well as

construction stages. The use of combination of all techniques in a single brown field project in context of the nature of

site constraints and safety issues made this a unique project.

Key Words: Soil Grouting, Soil Nailing, Contiguous Bored Piles, Micro Piles Mr.

Shuvranshu K Rout:

He is ‘Manager’ at Tata Consulting Engineers Limited with postgraduate qualification in Geotechnical Engineering.

He has continued to hone his professional expertise by completing variety of geotechnical problems from steel-power-

chemical-mining industry to infrastructure sector for last 7 years.






22

USE OF POROUS CONCRETE IN SECANT BORED PILE WALLS

Markus Herten, German Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute; [email protected]

Matthias Pulsfort, University of Wuppertal/Germany; [email protected]

Claudia Fierenkothen, University of Wuppertal/Germany; [email protected]

Rolf Breitenbticher, Ruhr-University Bochum/Germany; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Secant bored pile walls are frequently used as retaining walls in watertight excavations to cut off ground water aquifers

and are subsequently exposed to ground water pressure loading in addition to earth pressure loads. To avoid extra loading

from ground water pressure in soils with limited permeability, it can be useful to arrange drainage windows within secant

bored pile walls by means of single primary piles filled with porous concrete without reinforcement cages, which usually

have to be placed within casings in submerged conditions. This concrete may serve as a horizontal arch between the

reinforced secondary piles, but it must however enable vertical draining between load carrying construction beams and

the bottom of the excavated pit. In the present submission, the results of several material tests with different mix designs

of porous concrete with certain admixtures are presented together with first and important experiences with a well- suited

placement technique for porous concrete casings in small- and large-scale laboratory tests. It can be shown that the usual

placement technique of employing a tremie pipe is not suited for this type of unsaturated concrete. Instead, pouring with

a particular kind of cone and an open conductor pipe has proven successful.

Additionally, special testing methods are currently developed for judging the suitability of the desired concrete mix

design in preparation for an upcoming real-scale experimental pile installation in Germany.

Keywords: Porous concrete, pervious concrete, retaining wall, secant pile wall, bored pile, concrete placement under

submerged conditions

Markus Herten, Civil Engineer, Dr.-Ing. (PhD)

Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Department Geotechnical Engineering

Education

Faculty Civil Engineering Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, 1994, Dipl.-Ing.

Department of Foundation Engineering Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, 1999, Dr.-Ing. (PhD)

Employment Experiences

1994-2000 Assistant Professor, Department of Foundation Engineering, Bergische Universitat Wuppertal 2000-2003

Consulting Civil Engineer

since 2003 Head of Section Foundation Engineering, Department Geotechnical Engineering, Federal Waterways

Engineering and Research Institute






23

SOIL IMPROVEMENT USING SOIL MIXING - AN ALTERNATIVE WAY

FOR THE INDIAN MARKET

Franz-Wemer Gerressen, BAUER Maschinen GmbH, Schrobenhausen, Germany,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The use of soil improvement to utilize areas, which are not suitable for foundation purpose, has a long tradition. Due to

the increasing demand of foundation works in areas of unsuitable soils, the improvement of the existing soils becomes

even more important in the future.

Various applications and systems for various demands exist around the world. Either it is a “simple” improvement for

settlement reduction or a more important aim as liquefaction mitigation. However, each system has its advantages, limits

and needs. Furthermore to the soil improvement, using various tools, soil mixing can also be used for applications like

cut off and/or retaining wall.

The paper will describe some basics of various techniques and different applications of the systems all over the world

where the systems provided solutions for different purposes, e.g. simple foundation or liquefaction mitigation. It will

describe also the main equipment which will be needed to execute these works under the various conditions

Keywords: Soil Mixing, Soil Improvement, Foundation, Slope Stabilization, Liquefaction Mitigation

Franz-Werner Gerressen

Gerressen is the Director of Method Development Department at BAUER Maschinen, Germany. He studied civil

engineering at the RWTH Aachen (Technical University). In 1992, he joined BAUER Spezialtiefbau, sister company

of BAUER Maschinen, and was responsible for the Construction of Diaphragm Walls and Ground Improvement

departments. In 2004, he began his work with the Department of Method Development for BAUER Maschinen, with a

main focus on methods like CSM or FDP, Cased CFA, but also for slurry wall, piling and soil improvement in

countries all over the world.

Gerressen is an active member of Deep Foundations Institute as a member of Soil Mixing Committee and Board

Member of DFI-Europe.


24

POSITIVE CUT-OFF WALL IN INDIAN DAM - A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DIFFICULT GEOLOGY

Steni Stefani, Consulting Engineer and President (Proprietor), Ricerca e Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni of Lodi, Italy.

Tel. +39 0371 68788; [email protected]

Sanjay Dave, Civil Engineer, Vice President & Sector Head - Engineering Management (CEMG), Hindustan

Construction Company Limited, Mumbai, India. Tel. +91 22 2575 1144; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an innovative method, used for the first time in India, for the construction of a 1.0-metre-thick

positive plastic concrete cut-off wall (CoW) at the upstream toe of the dam at the Kishanganga Hydro-Electric Project

in Jammu & Kashmir- India. The extremely difficult bouldery geology with an overburden laden with very hard Panjal

Volcanics (quartz, feldspar, muscovite and chlorite minerals) boulders of up to 0.8m to 1.8 metres in size with UCS of

up to 265 MPa and the requirement of socketing the CoW into the underlying hard bedrock (UCS 265 MPa) for 1.50m

made the choice for the excavation methodology critically difficult. After having evaluated several other existing

methods - including hydromill trenchers - the Civil Contractor Hindustan Construction Company, in agreement with its

Foundations Engineering Consultant (Ricerca e Sviluppo - Cantieri e Gestioni) opted for a two-stage construction

method: firstly, preliminary full-depth drilling and “surgical” blasting with full-length inclinometer checking of borehole

verticality to ensure the exact location of rock fracturing and fragmentation coincided with the required position and that

it was vertical, notwithstanding efficient trenching into the bedrock of a nominal lm by 1.5m section; and, secondly,

excavation by using heavy duty mechanical rope grabs made locally and developed by the Consultant in collaboration

with the Contractor. The details of the methodology and the salient construction data is presented and commented for

the 33- metre deep CoW installed at a working platform elevation of 2364.50 m above sea level in a very remote area.

Keywords: Positive Cut-off wall, Surgical Blasting, Kishanganga HEP, Difficult Geology




25

PROOF OF BEARING CAPACITY OF ANCHORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF INNOVATIVE

ANCHOR MONITORING SYSTEM

Ame Kindler, Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Berlin, Germany, +49 30754904-426, [email protected]

Karolina Nycz, Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Berlin, Germany, +49 30754904-443, [email protected]

Stephan GroBwig, GESO Gesellschaft fur Sensorik, geotechnischen Umweltschutz

und mathematische Modellierung mbH & Co. Projekt KG, Jena, Germany, +49 36413100-350,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Commonly used anchor monitoring systems are mainly based on the use of anchor force meters. However, experience

shows that the reliability of the display of force meters lowers over time. Other measurement and test methods like for

example fibre bragg grating method require a comparison with an unloaded optical fibre and give only selective

information about the bearing behavior. Moreover the obtained information has to be interpreted. In the following

article, first measuring results of an anchor monitoring system based on measurements with optical fibre are presented.

The new monitoring system is based on the Rayleigh technology and was used to test the load bearing behavior of the

anchor grout body as well as for the evaluation of the grout body condition in concrete-damaging groundwater.

Keywords: fibre optical measurements, glass fibre, grout body, anchor, geotechnical monitoring, deep foundation

engineering, excavation construction

Arne Kindler, Dr. - Ing.

Kindler is Head of Department for Research and Development for Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Berlin Germany,

where he covers divers’ projects nation- and international wide. He graduated from University of Applied Sciences

Wismar and from Technical University Dresden with the degree of Diploma Civil and Geotechnical Engineer. He also

holds a Ph.D. in Soil Mechanics from Technical University of Berlin. Kindler has 20 years of experience in

geotechnical and civil engineering. He worked for several construction companies and international consulting offices.

He is member of German DIN Standards Committees for Grout Anchors, Grouting, Jet Grouting, Diaphragm Wall and

EN 1997. Kindler is also a Guest Lecturer at several Universities. He is author of several technical papers and

publications.

Karolina Nycz, M. Sc.

Nycz is project engineer at the Department for Research and Development at Stump Spezialtiefbau GmbH, where she covers divers’ projects nation- and international wide. She holds B. Sc. and M. Sc. Degrees in civil engineering from the Technical University of Berlin. She is a PhD Candidate in the field of geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics with focus on Innovative Monitoring Systems for different construction elements.





26

BORE PILE STABILIZATION ISSUES IN OFFSHORE MARINE WORKS

Saul Rodriguez, GEO-Ground Engineering Operations, Torrejon de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain, +34 664 455 229,

[email protected]

Nuno Cruz, GEO-Ground Engineering Operations, Lisbon, Portugal, +52 5519616283,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

When executing offshore bored piles there are several specific factors and problems to consider in order to guarantee

excavation stability. One of the methods employed to carry out this type of work consists in setting up a floating work

platform, typically a barge, and implementing a soil stabilization system that combines a partial steel guiding casing with

third generation polymeric drilling fluids. The main aspects to take into consideration when performing offshore pile

boring works are soil stabilization, project design, work methodology and operational aspects. An example of a work

methodology problem arises before any pile boring work takes place as the steel guiding casing contains water,

sometimes salt water. What to do with this water in order to replace it by an adequate polymer fluid will determine the

stabilization capacity as soon as the shaft advances below the protection of the casing. Another example of operational

problem may derive from barge movements while executing boring activities. This study is the result of extensive field

data collection and concrete logging analysis from marine projects using polymers in different continents. The bored pile

stability target was set ranging between 2% to 15% of concrete overbreak. Values above 15% or below 2% mean that

there is a stability problem. Then the off-target pile’s data is collected, analyzed and classified under categories. Thus, a

direct correlation is established between the problem category and the final results. Modifying steps in the pre-established

construction methods or operational variables guarantees target results without the need to replace the approved

construction methods. As a general conclusion, the worldwide experience in large diameter marine works, allows to

provide truthful information and solutions for these problems. In knowing how to follow a logical sequence of work and

applying adequate work methodology will be the key for success.

Keywords: offshore bored piles, stability, barge Saul

Rodriguez

Sau Rodriguez is a mining engineer with 2 years of experience in the deep foundations in planning projects and

consulting positions.

Since 2015 he has participated in leading projects in different parts of the world such as Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain. Always related with deep foundations works.

Saul is in love with this type of work and with constant work he is getting to learn more and more of deep foundations.




27

SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE PILING USING ADVANCED DYNAMIC MATERIAL POINT

METHOD (MPM)

Christian Moormann, Geotechnical Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685 62437,

[email protected]

Sujith Gowda, Geotechnical Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685 63777,

[email protected]

Shreyas Giridharan, Geotechnical Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685 63777,

shrevas.giridharan@,igs.uni-stuttgart.de

Fursan Hamad, Geotechnical Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 685 63295,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Pile installation in soil is a dynamic process which exhibits large deformation in the soil region. Experimental

investigation of pile installation is both time and resource intensive. Numerical investigation can be a helpful tool for the

analysis of the installation process. Furthermore, numerical analysis allows simulating various soils and loading

conditions with ease. Finite Element Method (FEM) - a widely used framework for numerical simulations - fails to

perform well for soil mechanics where large deformation and heavy material movement exists. In order to alleviate this

shortcoming, Material Point Method (MPM), advancement to FEM has been used. In MPM, material points (particles)

are used to represent the domain which carry the information and move over a fixed computational mesh where the

governing equations are solved.

In the present work, a variation of MPM, called CPDI (Convected Particle Domain Interpolation) is utilised which

handles large deformation problems better than the classical MPM. Here, the material points are represented by a spatial

domain which deforms according to the particle deformation. This eliminates stress oscillations while particles cross the

grids. Implementation is validated and applied to pile installation in dry and saturated soil conditions. A 2D axisymmetric

model is chosen, with penalty function method being used for evaluating contact between soil and pile. Sand is modelled

via the hypoplastic constitutive description that takes into account large deformation, as well as small strain stiffness.

From these simulations, various parameters like stress, void ratio and friction angle are studied.

Sujith Gowda H.S., M.Sc.

Sujith is a PhD. Student or Academic Researcher at Geotechnical Institute of University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart,

Germany. He holds B.E degree in Mechanical Engineering from Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur,

Karnataka, India and M.Sc. degree in Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures (COMMAS) from

University of Stuttgart, Germany. His main area of research is on Material Point Method (MPM) for Geotechnical

applications; on which he is working since 2015 as a Research Assistant and for his Master Thesis. At present, he is

working on the Soil-Water-Structure interaction problems using advanced dynamic MPM.




28

LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY OF HELICAL PILES IN SAND

Balu E. George, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India, [email protected]

Subhadeep Baneijee, Department of Civil Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai, India

[email protected]

Shailesh R. Gandhi, Department of Civil Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai, India

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

A three-dimensional analysis of laterally loaded helical piles installed in cohesionless soil is presented. Finite Element

Analysis was conducted using commercially available Plaxis 3D AE version, assuming Mohr-Coulomb failure for soil.

Pile is modelled as plate elements with a single helical blade attached to a hollow shaft. The ultimate load for various

configurations is examined considering deformation criteria. The Bending Moment distribution and maximum lateral

deflection are also discussed. It was observed that the ultimate lateral load carrying capacity increased by presence of

helical blade and the maximum deflection also got reduced. The diameter of the helical blade was found to have

significant effect on the lateral deflection, maximum bending moment and the ultimate load. However, the observations

from the study suggest that the presence of helical blade seizes to produce considerable effect after a certain depth.

Difference in failure pattern with regard to the distribution of soil resistance observed for different geometries considered

for numerical analysis are also touched upon.

Keywords: Helical piles, Lateral load, Plaxis 3D, Embedment ratio

Balu E. George, M.Tech

Mr. George is a Ph.D., research scholar at IIT Madras India, working with Prof. S.R.Gandhi and Prof Subhadeep

Banerjee. His areas of interest include installation effects of pile, under-reamed piles, Helical piles and helical tie backs.

He is also a faculty member at M.A College of Engineering, Kerala.





29

ESTIMATION OF SHAFT AND BASE RESPONSES FROM PILE LOAD TEST

Kota Vijay Kiran, Senior Research Fellow, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India, [email protected]

Madhav Madhira, Prof. Emeritus, JNT University & IIT, Hyderabad, India, [email protected]

Vidyaranya Bandi, Engineering Manager, L&T, Mumbai, India, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Using hyperbolic relationships for the non-linear responses of shaft and base resistances, a method is proposed for

estimating initial shaft and base stiffnesses and ultimate shaft and base resistances of a pile from pile load test results.

An iterative procedure is used to arrive at the values of shaft-soil and base stiffnesses and the ultimate shaft and base

resistances. The method is applied to load - displacement data available from pile load test results to illustrate its efficacy.

Keywords: Pile capacity, load test, compressive load, settlements, shaft and base responses.

Kota Vijay Kiran, B.Tech, M.Tech, C.Eng, AMIE, MIGS

Vijay Kiran is a Senior Research Fellow at Department of Civil engineering, IIT Bombay. He holds B.Tech. and M.Tech.

Degrees in Civil engineerirg from the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. He worked as an Assistant

Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad in the year 2016- 17 and at

Nagole Institute of Technology and science in the year 2015-16. He presented four technical conference papers at various

National and International conferences. Vijay Kiran is a registered Chartered Engineer in Institute of Engineers, INDIA

and he is a Life member of Indian Geotechnical Society and Associate Member of Institute of Engineers, INDIA.





30

EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF EXPANSIVE SOILS MIXED WITH WASTE

EPS BEADS

Soundara B1, Suganya A2 and Selvakumar S3

'Associate Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India,

E-mail: [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India,

E-mail: [email protected] 3Research Fellow, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India,

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Expansive soils have a potential for shrinkage or swelling under changing moisture content. Attempts were made to reduce the swelling potential of expansive soils with conventional additives such as lime, cement, etc. and non-conventional additives such as industrial wastes. In this research an attempt is made to study the feasibility of using granulated waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) as an additive to expansive soil to control swelling. To investigate the effect of mixing waste EPS granules with expansive clays, three expansive soils with different plasticity index were manufactured in the laboratory by mixing sand with sodium bentonite of various proportions. A series of standard proctor test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, one dimensional free swell and swell pressure tests were performed on these soils.Test results show that the inclusion of EPS granules significantly reduces the percent swell and swelling pressure when subjected to one-dimensional free swell conditions. The dry density and CBR values decrease with increase in EPS content and increased plasticity of the soil.

Keywords: expansive soil, EPS beads, free swell, swelling pressure, soil stabilization

Soundara B., M.E., Ph.D.

After obtaining M.E in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering from College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University in

May 2004, she was awarded a Ph.D in Geotechnical Engineering by Indian Institute of Technology Madras in Nov. 2009.

Presently, she is working as Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology,

Sathyamangalam since May 2015. She is serving more than 8 years in teaching and industry in India and UAE. She is a

recipient of GATE scholarship during M.E and Half Time Research Associate (HTRA) during Ph.D. She has published more

than 25 research papers in International and National Journals and Conferences. She is a recipient of DST-SERB Early Carrier

Research (ECR) Award in 2016. She is a member of Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), Indian Geotechnical

Society (IGS) Chennai and IGS Coimbatore.





31

ADVANCES IN DESATURATION OF SANDY SOIL TO MITIGATE THE LIQUEFACTION

HAZARD

Dhanaji S. Chavan, Research Scholar, Dept, of Civil Engg., Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, 8971493158,

[email protected]

Thilak G. Sitharam, Professor, Dept, of Civil Engg., Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

It is well known that sites comprising of saturated loose sand undergoes large deformations, due to liquefaction, during

seismic shaking. To cope with this, different mitigation techniques such as vibroflotation, deep dynamic compaction,

compaction grouting, deep soil mixing etc. have been used in practice. However, as all these methods are costly, a new

mitigation technique is required. Air injection has emerged as a new mitigation technique in which air is injected into

the saturated loose sand. The introduced air makes the pore fluid mixture compressible and results into decrease in the

generation of excess pore water pressure during seismic shaking. This paper reviews the laboratory and field studies

performed to investigate the effect of air injection on liquefaction resistance. In addition to this, previous research in the

direction of desaturation has evolved different techniques to generate gas in saturated sand. These techniques have also

been discussed in the present paper. All the field and laboratory studies have shown that even a slight decrease in the

degree of saturation increases the liquefaction resistance significantly.

Keywords: desaturation, air injection, liquefaction resistance, pore pressure

Dhanaji Chavan, Research Scholar

Dhanaji Chavan has been research scholar in the department of civil engineering at IISC Bangalore since August 2016. Before joining IISC he worked as Research Assistant at IIT Gandhinagar for a year. He holds B.E. and M.Tech. degrees in civil engineering from the Shivaji University Kolhapur and IIT Kanpur respectively. To his credit there are two publications, one in refereed journal and another in international conference.




32

EFFECT OF NON-PLASTIC FINES ON LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FINE SANDS

Akhila M, PhD. Research Scholar, Dept, of Civil Engineering, NIT Calicut, India

Dr. Kodi Ranga Swamy Asst. Professor, Dept, of Civil Engineering, NIT Calicut, India

Dr. N Sankar, Professor, Dept, of Civil Engineering, NIT Calicut, India

ABSTRACT

Until recently, liquefaction-related studies concentrated on clean sands believing that only sands are susceptible to

liquefaction. However, a few earthquakes like 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the 1999

Kocaeli earthquake, the 2010 Chile earthquake, and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, etc. showed that sand with fines

could also liquefy. The research findings on liquefaction of silty soils are limited, and several structures constructed on

such soil deposits are damaged during the past earthquakes. Some previous results of research on earthquake events show

an increase of liquefaction resistance in silt soils with increase the fines content, but some report the opposite trend. This

study presents the results based on undrained triaxial cyclic tests which were carried out on the fine sand with fines (0%,

10%, 20% and 40% fines). The samples were prepared at the required unit weight (Dr = 50%) and saturated by using

back pressure and cell pressure increments. Each consolidated sample is subjected to cyclic loading with sinusoidal wave

load form at a frequency of 1 Hz. The liquefaction resistance is evaluated in terms of cyclic stress ratio required to cause

100% pore pressure or 20% failure strain occur at 15 numbers of load cycles. Results are presented in forms of pore

pressure build up and axial strain propagation plots. As the fines content increased, an increase in liquefaction potential

was observed.

Keywords: fine sand, silt, liquefaction, cyclic triaxial test

Akhila M

Akhila M is currently pursuing Ph.D. at National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India (Oct 2014 -present). Her area

of research is Liquefaction of Silts and Low-plastic clays. She has completed B.Tech (Civil Engineering) from

Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India in 2011 and M.Tech (Environmental Geotechnology) from

National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India in 2013. She has worked as Assistant Professor in Civil

Engineering Department at Thejus Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India from June 2013 - October 2014. She is

a lifetime member of Indian Society for Technical Education- ISTE (since 2014) and Indian Geotechnical Society-IGS

(since 2017). She is also a student member of Deep Foundation Institute-DFI (since 2016).


33

SECURING RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE IN ROMANIA

Dipl.-Ing, Andreas Brandner, IB-Brandner, Karl-Schoenherr-Strasse 8, A-6020 Innsbruck - Austria,

Phone +43 512 563 3320, Fax +43 512 563 3324, Email [email protected]

ABSTRACT

At the beginning of 2007 the Austrian contractor PORR was awarded with remediation works for a 48-km long part of

the railway line from Campina to Predeal - part of the Trans European main Corridors TEN-T priority line 22 Bucurest

- Brasov, connecting the southeast European countries with the heart of Europe.

Due to partly new realignment and change of regular sections as well as protection against rockfall and slope slide a huge

bunch of slope stabilization works became necessary, which were awarded to the contractor PORR and their designer

IB-Brandner.

Following the studies of the tender documents for the planned protection measures responsible managers of PORR

decided to propose an alternative protection design by IB- Brandner. Changing the original design a more flexible and

environmentally compatible solution consisting of high performance net, soil nailing and rockfall protection systems

(fences) was elaborated and adapted to local needs. During design process, several critical areas were identified and

additionally taken into account.

In the paper examples of the design and erection process show how difficulties in implementation starting with the

presentation of the idea continuing to the realization on site were managed and a technically more sophisticated and

commercially competitive solution could be delivered to the customer Romanian Railway - case study.

Dipl.-Ing. Andreas M. Brandner

Brandner is owner of IB-Brandner, Innsbruck Austria, an independent consulter focused on geotechnical and civil

engineering problems in alpine areas. He got his diploma from the Technical University of Innsbruck, Austria and is a

Chartered Consulting Engineer in Austria. He has more than 37 years of worldwide experience in geotechnical

engineering and solution of civil engineering problems in challenging environment - mountain areas - and is author of

several papers. He is head of Civil Engineers section of the Austrian Chamber of Engineers, member of the European

Standardization committee CEN for Safety Requirements of Cableway Installations carrying passengers and is also

member of the ISSMGE - International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics, DFI - Deep Foundations Institute,

and ISM - International Society of Micropiles.



34

EVALUATING DEGREE OF CONSOLIDATION OF SOFT SOIL BY USING

ASAOKA, HYPERBOLIC AND BACK ANALYSIS METHOD

Vinay Kumar M, Assistant Manager, ITD Cementation India Limited, Mumbai,

E-mail: vinavm.kumar@,itdcem.co.in

Aminul Islam, Asst. General Manager, ITD Cementation India Limited, Mumbai, E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

About 100 Hectares of land reclamation over the very soft to soft marine clay at Uran Creek in Maharashtra is planned.

The depth of marine clay varies from 10m to 24m as observed from the geotechnical investigation. The marine clay

was treated with Pre-fabricated Vertical Drains (PVD’s) installed from the elevation of +5.5mCD (chart Datum) and

preload/placement of surcharge. A Settlement of soft soil mud under the reclamation was monitored using magnetic

extensometer (M) and ground settlement maker (S2). These instruments are installed after constructing working

platform at around +5.5m CD. Based on the field instrumentation data, the consolidation parameters were adjusted to

match the theoretical and actual settlement plot. The author called this approach as “Back analysis method”. The

objective of this paper is to present a case study of instrumented preloading treatment for a thick marine clay deposit.

The degree of consolidation in clay strata was determined from magnetic extensometer and ground settlement marker

data. Authors also determined degree of consolidation as Asaoka method, Hyperbolic method and Back analysis

method and compared the results.

Keywords: Ground Improvement, Field Instrumentation, Degree of Consolidation, Reclamation, Back analysis

method

M Vinay Kumar

Vinay is a Geotechnical Engineer at ITD Cementation India limited. He holds B Tech degree in Civil Engineering from

National Institute of Technology, Warangal (2007- 2011) and M.E degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Indian

Institute of Science, Bangalore (2011-2013). He has involved in two major projects in Reclamation works at JNPT and

Karanja. He is responsible for preparation of geotechnical interpretation reports which include field test reports well as

analysis reports. He is well versed in the design and analyses for Reclaimed land, ground improvement & Slope

stability analysis, In-situ testing and interpretations. He has more than 4 years of experience in Geotechnical

Engineering.



35

TREATMENT OF SOFT CLAYS BY COMBINED ENCASED STONE COLUMNS AND VACUUM

CONSOLIDATION

Ganesh Kumar S. Scientist, Geotechnical Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute,

Uttarakhand, India. 09443022549, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Soil reinforcement using stone columns is one of the well-developed ground improvement techniques for soft clay

deposits. The load carrying capacity can be further improved by encasing it with geosynthetic material around the column

which offers effective lateral confinement, prevents column contamination with improved drainage and strength

characteristics. Improvement of undrained shear strength using vacuum consolidation is a type of hydraulic modification

technique in which negative pore pressure will he developed which increases the effective stresses in soil without

changing the total stress. The improvement in effective stress resulted in improved undrained shear strength of

surrounding soil. In this research work, combined geosynthetic encased stone column and vacuum treatment method is

examined for improving of extremely soft clay soils. The improvement in the time rate of consolidation and load carrying

capacity of stone columns after vacuum treatment was studied using experimental investigations. It was observed that

both load carrying capacity and stiffness of the encased stone column increased significantly with vacuum application.

Also, application of vacuum accelerates rate of primary consolidation settlements. With this reduction in time, the

construction activity can be accelerated which makes the project economically beneficial.

Ganesh Kumar Shanmugam., Ph.D.

Ganesh Kumar Shanmugam obtained his Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology-Madras for his research work titled, “Treatment of soft clay deposits by combined encased stone columns and vacuum consolidation”. He completed M.E in Geotechnical Engineering and B.E in Civil Engineering from Anna University, Tamil Nadu. After completion of his Ph.D., he joined National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India as a Project Scientist-II and responsible for carrying out geotechnical investigation for offshore wind turbines and design of geo-tubes as submerged breakwater for a beach restoration project. After NIOT, he joined CSIR-Central Building Research Institute as Scientist from May 2016. At present he is working in Geotechnical Engineering Division, CSIR-CBRI and actively involved in Government of India’s Mission mode project - Mass Housing and Safety of Vital Installation structures against Landslides where he is responsible for handling Geotechnical Engineering part. His area of interests includes Ground Improvement, Geosynthetics, Landslide prevention and control measures and Liquefaction mitigation using ground improvement techniques. He is also a recipient of IGS-M.D. Desai memorial award and IGS-AIMIL Biannual award for his contribution in the area of ground improvement and geosynthetics.



36

GROUTING METHODS INVOLVED IN STABILIZATION OF TBM TUNNEL NEAR CP-06, UAA-04,

CHENNAI METRO

Ahmed Shaz, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 9176888915, [email protected]

Sohail Wajid, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 8939856470, [email protected]

Yeruva Ramanareddy, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 9620030585,

[email protected]

K.Bhavani, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

CP-06 is an NATM cross passage which connects up-line and down-line metro tunnels near Kilpauk Medical College,

Chennai. It lies completely in loose silty sand to dense sand with water table almost touching the ground surface after

Chennai floods. Pre-grouting was done before excavation to seal the area and to ensure no-loose pockets. The heading

was excavated successfully but while benching excavation huge water ingress started seeping out. Sand also permeated

along with water which became unstoppable due to cavity formation and caused the up-line tunnel to sink considerably.

A large grouting exercise was carried out with different grout materials and techniques both from the ground surface and

inside of tunnel to stop the water ingress and stabilize the tunnel. This paper describes the chronology of events that

occurred in the tunnel during CP-06 issue. It elaborates all the different grouting techniques involved in the whole process

of the tunnel stabilization. It includes a finite element analysis using Rocscience RS2 9.0 software showing the possible

cause of sand incursion with water from the CP invert which lead to the tunnel settlement. This paper also describes the

after effects and the lesson learnt from the whole incident.

Keywords: NATM, CP, grout material, grouting techniques, finite element analysis, RS2 9.0, seepage, stabilization,

Ahmed Shaz

Ahmed Shaz graduated in Civil Engineering from Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology in 2013. He obtained a Master’s Degree in Rock engineering and underground structures from IIT Delhi in 2015. He joined L&T Construction in 2015 in Metro EDRC and currently working as a Senior Design Engineer. He is involved in the geotechnical aspects of the underground stations & tunnels construction, specializing in the analysis & design of underground structures for Urban Metro’s. He has also authored 5 research papers in national and international conferences and Journals on urban tunnelling and geotechnology.





37

SOIL GROUTING TO ARREST FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT

Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,

Phone - (0657)6696303, email - [email protected]

Shuvranshu Rout, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,

Phone - (0657)6696673, email - skrout@,tce.co.in

Anuj K. Singh, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India,

Phone - (91)7209270250, email - [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Foundation for tracks of coke transfer car and dust extraction pipe was designed as series of isolated foundations spaced

at 11.0m along length of coke oven battery resting on soil at depth of 2.5m. In one region the foundations are close to

adjacent 12m deep underground junction house. Five foundations in this zone were constructed on backfilled soil without

proper compaction instead of engineering soil fill or concrete fill. The foundations settled under loads and the supported

frame structure tilted after equipment erection and during trials endangering the safety of the structure and equipment

operation. The distorted structure had to be rectified in-situ by arresting settlement. In order to stabilize the foundation

and supported structure the supporting soil had to be strengthened in situ without any dismantling, reconstruction and

adverse effect to equipment operation. This paper presents the case study on the evaluation of defects for the foundation

failure and analysis of the problem, proposed rectification of the situation by appropriate soil stabilization scheme,

monitoring of the stabilization operations and verification of effectiveness of the rectification work by measurement of

settlements. The implemented solution has ensured safety of the structure and equipment without any adverse impact on

normal operation.

Keywords: coke oven, coke transfer car, junction house, settlement, backfilled soil, concrete fill, soil grouting




38

DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS FOR LIQUEFACTION AND ITS MITIGATION BY SUITABLE

FOUNDATION TYPE IN BANGLADESH

Arpit Parikh

Ex-Expatriate Japan & Bangladesh

M-Struct Engg. (Structural/ Geotechnical Engg. Services) M: 91 9978295675., Vadodara, Gujarat, India

E-mail ID: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ground Water or Pore water pressure development in Sandy Soil formation is Critical situation in foundation analysis

and design. Moreover it become severe while associated with higher liquefaction probability in river bank areas. It is

difficult to find cost optimized solution for liquefaction mitigation under limited budget allocated for the project. Here

in these research paper the attempt has been made to have clear picture of liquefaction by using various techniques and

field tests. And its mitigation by suitable foundation type. In Bangladesh, On Bank of River Meghana, Power plant

structures are proposed. The particular site is full of fine sand having partial silt throughout from EGL to 55 m depth.

Hence in addition to Conventional Boring / Drilling operations, CPLT, SCPT, SCHT and PMT had been performed to

arrive deterministic effect of liquefaction. By use of Geologismiki software and some excel based programs developed

which indicates that Certainly liquefaction occurs under the event of earthquake. By Checking past records of Bangladesh

we found, there are small magnitude earthquakes are inevitable and frequent. Hence fourth to overcome the bad effect

of liquefaction, the deep pile foundation -Driven Pre Cast Solid Square Pile of 400 mm dia. had been suggested for

various types of power plant structures. Which densify the soil and ground will improve in resisting liquefaction.

KEYWORDS:

Liquefaction, Liquefaction Mitigation, Geologismiki Software Analysis, Deformation Modulus Vs Shear Strength,

Presuremeter and Seismic cross hole test Etc.



39

GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR THE DISTRESSED EARTH BUND USING STONE COLUMN - A

CASE STUDY

A Purantharan, Assistant Engineering Manager, L&T GeoStructure, Chennai, Email: [email protected]

Vetriselvan A, Chief Engineering Manager, L&T GeoStructure, Chennai, Email: avsn@,lntecc.com

M Kumaran, Head-Engineering, L&T GeoStructure, Chennai, Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a case history of evaluating the stability of a distressed earth bund and rectification measures carried

out. A 5.45 km long, 7m high earth bund for drinking water storage was constructed in Andhra Pradesh. During

construction of the bund following were observed - (a) a longitudinal crack at the downstream side (b) Bund on the

downstream side along the crack settled to a max of 700 mm and (c) downstream rock toe level area raised by heave up

to 175 mm. Investigation of the events made important contributions to the fundamental understanding of the behaviour

of large earthworks of this type. It was found that the variation in subsoil strata was not addressed during the execution.

After careful evaluation, stone columns were recommended as a suitable ground improvement technique. Stone columns

were used as a reinforcement to improve the shearing resistance of foundation and in turn ensure stability. By using and

applying advanced geotechnical engineering analysis tools and modelling techniques, earth bund and its foundation was

analysed and examined against failure by slope instability. Stone column design was carried out using in-house computer

program GEOSTONECOL and stability of earth bund was analysed using TALREN software. Earth bund construction

was completed after ground improvement and is performing satisfactorily.

Keywords: earth bund, slope stability analysis, ground improvement, stone columns, GEOSTONECOL.




40

EVALUATING EFFICIENCY OF GE05 IN THE ANALYSIS OF PILE FOUNDATION

Sanket Rawat1, Elizabeth Varghese2, Ravi Kant Mittal3* Prachuryya Koushik4

'Postgraduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.

Email: [email protected]

2Former Postgraduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.

Email: [email protected]

3Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Email: [email protected] Phone - +91-9694096463 * Corresponding Author

Postgraduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, BITS Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Geo5 Software is gaining popularity worldwide due to its expediency in analysis and design of pile foundation. The

analysis is based on various theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical methods available in existing literature and various

country standards. Moreover, the ultimate resistance of pile in the software is based CSN 73 1002, Fellenius method,

NAVFAC DM 7.2 and Tomlinson method. Due to the specificity in calculation of ultimate resistance, it becomes

necessary to validate the results arrived using the software for better accuracy. Furthermore, the above-mentioned

methods are not necessarily popular in every design offices. Therefore, an attempt has been made to predict the efficiency

of Geo5-vl5 software to analyze the pile foundation by comparing it with the results obtained using the analysis based

on Indian Standard IS 2911:2010, performed with spreadsheet specifically designed for the same purpose. The

accompanying outcome of the comparison and several shortcomings found in the design part associated with the software

has been highlighted in the later part of the paper. Besides, the optimization tool present in the software is also described

for the more efficient and economic design of pile foundation, hence contributing as practical aid to structural engineers.

Keywords: Pile foundation, GE05, Vertical bearing capacity, IS2911






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With Best Compliments from

The company came into being in November 1995 as a partnership �rm and as the volume of the work increased it converted itself into a Private Limited Company in 1997. A group of experts in foundation engineering are the promoters.

GEO Foundations and Structures Private Limited is an ISO certi�ed company specialised in Geo tech-nical studies, Foundation engineering, and in design and construction of all types of civil structures including bridges, wharves, ports , sky scrapping buildings with pan India operations.

GEO FOUNDATIONS & STRUCTURES PVT LTDCOCHINAlpha Plaza, 6th Floor, KP Vallon Road, Kadavanthra, Kochi - 682020.Ph: 0484-2316042, 2324851 | Fax: 0484-2324481 | E-mail: [email protected], 1st Main Road, Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, Chennai-600020.Ph: 044-24451972, 24430399 |+91 9962597108 | Fax: 044-42662045 | E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] BLAIRNear Hotel Raja Deepam, Polytechnic Road ,Dollygunj, Junglighat P O, Port Blair - 744 103. Ph: 03192-259658 | Mobile: 94742 25785 | E-mail: [email protected]

International Symposium onGeotechnics of Transportation Infrastructure, (ISGTI 2018)

April 07-08, 2018, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India

Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), in commemoration of 70 years of its formation in 2018, in association with Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Delhi Chapter, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) and TC202 of International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) will host the International Symposium on Geotech-nics of Transportation Infrastructure (ISGTI 2018), at IIT Delhi, New Delhi on April, 07-08, 2018.

Technical Themes Theme 1: Challenges in design and construction of pavements and embankmentsTheme 2: Design and construction of high speed railway and metro track sub-structures. Theme 3: Advances in waterways, air�elds and pipeline transport geotechnicsTheme 4: Slope stability, landslides, debris �ows and avalanches on hilly roads and remedial measures.Theme 5: Sub-surface sensing, investigations and monitoring in transport geotechnicsTheme 6: Use of geosynthetics and non traditional materials in transport geotechnics.Theme 7: Transport geotechnics in complex underground constructionTheme 8: Ground improvement techniques for transport geotechnicsTheme 9: Emerging trends in transport geotechnics – Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, Macro and Nano Technology, Climate Change and Sustainability.

Key Conference Dates November 01, 2017: Deadline for submission of Abstracts

January 30, 2018: Deadline for receipt of PapersCall for Abstract & Papers

Abstracts, followed by full length papers, are invited on the technical themes outlined above and others falling within the scope of the symposium. Abstracts of no more than 300 words should be submitted latest by November 01, 2017. Kindly submit abstracts by uploading at www.isgti2018.org

Contact: ISGTI 2018 Secretariat Civil Engineering Department, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110016, India.Phone: + 91-11-26597336, Fax: + 91-11-26581117Email: [email protected], Website: www.isgti2018.org

Indian Geotechnical Conference 2017 - GeoNEstGeotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies

14-16 December 2017, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India www.igc2017.in Email: [email protected]

IGS Guwahati Chapter (NE), in association with IIT Guwahati is organizing “Indian Geotechnical Conference 2017 (IGC 2017)” during 14-16 December 2017 at IIT Guwahati. IGC 2017 is focused on the theme "Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies" (GeoNEst) which encompasses several sub-themes. For further details and confer-ence brochure, visit the conference website www.igc2017.in.

The conference will be attended by various academicians, professionals and students in geotechnical engineering and allied areas. More than 600 participants are expected in the event. The conference is also setting up an exhibition to showcase various geotechnical tools used in the �eld and laboratory, monitoring devices, non-destructive testing facilities, geosynthetic products, geotechnical design and analytical software. For details about various sponsorship categories, exhibition stalls and charges are visit: http://www.igc2017.in/sponsor.html

Pre-Conference Workshop: Third Indo-Japan Workshop on “Geotechnics for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Manage-ment” on 13 December 2017 at IIT Guwahati. For details visit: http://www.igc2017.in/indo-japan.html

REGISTRATION IS OPEN

Contact: Dr. A. Murali Krishna / Dr. Arindam Dey

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India.Email: [email protected]

PLATINUM SPONSOR

DFI - INDIA 2017

7TH ANNUALCONFERENCE ON

Deep Foundation Technologiesfor Infrastructure Development in India

October 05-07, 2017, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India

Organised byDeep Foundations Institute of India in association with Indian Institute of Technilogy Madras, Chennai, and Chennai Chapter of Indian Geotechnical SocietyPrinted by

Masterbuilder, Chennai, www.masterbuilder.co.in

Published and Copyright by Deep Foundations Institute of India19 Usha Street, Dr. Seeethapathy Nagar, Velachery, CHENNAI 600042Tamil Nadu, INDIA [email protected], www.dfi-india.org

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S O U V E N I R &A B S T R A C T B O O K

Documents

SOUVENIR& 2017 sourcebook.pdf · DFI is an international non-profit forum for engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers, and academia to share knowledge that improves