Southwest Asia Nationalism

14.4 India and SW AsiaPaul Chang

Table of Contents

• Spread of Nationalism in SW Asia• Republic of Turkey - Mustafa Kemal• Iran• Saudi Arabia• SW Asia’s Oil Resources• Related pictures

Spread of Nationalism in SW Asia

• After World War I, people of Southwest Asia also fought for independence.

• Ottoman Empire broke, and growing Western interest in SW Asia rose the nationalism in this region.

Republic of Turkey

• After World War I, Turkey was the only remain of Ottoman Empire.

• Greek soldiers invaded Turkey and tried to conquer.• The Turkish sultan was too weak to resist.

• Mustafa Kemal overthrew the sultan and became the president o

f ‘Republic of Turkey.’

Mustafa Kemal

• Previously, he was an army commander.• Allies defeated Ottoman Empire• Mustafa led the Turkish Independence moveme

nt.• His successful military campaigns led to the lib

eration of the country and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

• He implemented what are known as Atatürk's Reforms, and modernized Turkey

• He is revered by the Turkish people as the Father of the Nation.

Iran

• Britain and Russia had spheres of influence in Persia• Britain tried to take over all of Persia• A Persian nationalist, Reza Shah Pahlavi, revolted.• He modernized Persia by establishing public schools,

building railroads and industrializing the country. • He changed the country’s name to Iran• Unlike Kemal, he seized all the power by himself.

Saudi Arabia

• In 1902, Ibn Saud, successfully unified Arabia• He renamed the kingdom Saudi Arabia.• This country strictly followed Islamic law, Ex) Alcohol w

as limited.• Only religiously acceptable areas were modernized.

SW Asia’s Oil Resources

• Southwest Asia had natural oil resource• Oil resource led Europeans' oil

explorations. • Europe invested huge money to develop

these oil fields.• This important resource led to

Southwest Asia's dramatic economic changes.

• Also this resource encouraged Western nations to try to conquer the region.

Related pictures<-Oil field in SW Asia

Map of Saudi Arabia oil industry

Related pictures

• Bush’s desire for Iran oil.

• Iran’s oil production

• A couple of oil related cartoons by cartoonist Mike Luckovich

• Bush’s threat to Iran

SW Asia Oil related cartoons