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S.No. Description Chairman / Co- Chairman

1 Grievances Mr. L. Moorthy : 9444376753

2 Southern Builder Mr. Mu.Moahan : 9444448989

3 Workers Training Mr. S.E. Mohan Babu : 90920 88892

4 AUBAI Mr. A.N. Balaji : 98410 97966

5 Membership Mr. S. Ganapathy : 98413 08857

6 Taxation Mr. S.D. Kannan : 9444562345

7 CMDA / DTCPMr. S. Ramaprabhu : 9840931799 Mr. A. Sathya Narayanan : 98412 75752

8 Central PWD Mr. A. Pravin : 9444385737

9 Railways Mr. K. Venkatesan : 9884412122

10 BSNL / Postal Department Mr. D. Murugeshwaran : 9444112644

11 Tamilnadu State PWD Mr. T. V. Ramakrishnan : 9444017357

12 HighwaysMr. R. Sivakumar : 98840 46446 Mr. S.Ayyanathan : 98410 46799

13 Corporation of Chennai Mr. R. Parthiban : 9884231324 M. Jaishankar : 9444416707

14 CMWSSB Mr. S. Wilfred: 9841704404

15 Tours & TravelsMr. P. Ramkumar : 90800 98800 Mr. G. Thilagar : 98417 00099

16 Website Mr. S. Ramaprabhu : 98409 31799

17 Seminar / Workshop / MeetingMr. C. Satish Kumar : 94441 41546 Mr. P.S. Ravi Prasad : 94440 22801

18 Diary / Calendar Mr. T. V. Chandrasekaran : 9444003311

19 Builders DayMr. T.M.S. Sivakumar : 99626 70809 Mr. J. Nirmal Chand : 98410 11272

20 Workers DayMr. N.G. Loganathan : 92821 16804 Mr. P. Ramkumar : 90800 98800

21 Sports Mr. P. Anbazhagan : 93812 34589

22 Press / Media Mr. M. Rajesh : 99405 95050

BUILDERS’ ASSOCIATION OF INDIA SOUTHERN CENTRE SUB COMMITTEE - 2015-16

GENERAL COUNCIL MEMBERS

ANBAZHAGAN.D ANBAZHAGAN.P BALAJI .A.N

BALASUNDARAM. M.N BALASUBRAMANIAM. R CHANDRASEKARAN. T.V

DIWAKAR. G JESURAJARAJAN. M.A JAISANKAR. M

KALAIARASAN. A KUMAR. D KUMAR.G

LOKANATHAN.N.G MOHAN BABU S.E MURUGESHWARAN.D

NIMRODE.R NIRMALCHAND.J RAJENDRAN.R

RAJESH. M RAMAKRISHNAN.T.V RAMAKRISHNAN.V.S

RAMANATHAN.A RAMAPRABHU.S RAVI PRASAD. P.S

RAMAMURTHY. K SIVAKUMAR.T.M.S THILAGAR.G.

UDAYASHANKAR.A VENKATESAN.K VENKATESAN.L

WILFRED.S

SouthernBuilder

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Introduction

Structural Engineers generally perform design for gravity loads (Dead and Live loads) alone for a smaller structure and give the drawings to the client. It is nec-essary that all residential and commercial RCC build-ings need to be designed for seismic forces as appli-cable to various zones such as II, III, IV and V in India. As the structures up to G+2 building has less impact due to earthquake loads when compare to tall building, the general thinking is that up to G +2 RCC buildings need not go for earthquake design, mere increase of 10% to 15% steel reinforcement will satisfy the seismic requirements. This assumption is not true. Therefore, a comparative study has been carriedout to verify the additional requirement of concrete and steel reinforce-ment in beams and columns for various zone factors in India over the gravity load requirement.

Effect of Earthquake Forces on Building

An Engineer should assimilate and comprehend the nature of forces acting due to gravity and earth-quake loads on a building. The gravity force acts from top to bottom and has no reverse loading. But seis-mic force induce base motion and horizontal reversible forces in a building. The nature of gravity and seismic force effects in a building are different from each oth-er. Therefore, the perception of increasing 10% - 15%

of reinforcement to satisfy the earthquake design may not fulfill the design criteria. The shape of moment and shear force diagram are given for better understand-ing.

Colonel. P Nallathambi, ME(Structural Engg) & R Dhinesh Kumar, B.E,M/S Sakthi Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.

Study on “Structural Requirements of G+2 Residential Building for Seismic Load of Zone II,III ,IV & V”

The load combinations considered in this com-parison study are 1.5(DL+LL), 1.2(DL+LL ± EQX), 1.2(DL+LL ± EQZ), 1.5(DL ± EQX), 1.5(DL ± EQZ), 0.9DL ± 1.5EQX, 0.9DL ± 1.5EQZ .

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Layout of building considered for the study

A residential building of ground plus two floors with 3m floor to floor height has been considered for com-parative study. The building considered for study is a simple layout, rectangular in plan without cantilever projection or floating column and the beams are gener-ally connected with columns. The structure is modeled in STAAD Pro version 8.0, preformed analysis , design and compared the additional concrete and steel re-quirements of beam and column structural members over the gravity load requirements. The typical floor lay-out of building is shown below.

the study. The analysis and design is performed using STAAD pro 8.0 package and results are compared.

Columns are the primary load carrying members of a building. Strong column, week beam concept is adopted in this comparison study. The size of columns considered are 230x300 & 230x375 for Gravity loads, Zone II and III, 230x375 & 230x450 for Zone IV, 230x450 & 230x600 for Zone IV and Zone V. The reinforcement requirement for each seismic zone load is compared with gravity load.

Similarly, the size of beams considered for gravity load, Zone II and Zone III are 230x300, & 230x375 and Zone IV and Zone V are 230x375 & 230x450. The rein-forcement requirement for each seismic zone load is compared with gravity load.

Comparison of Design Results

Column Design

(a) The same column size cannot be adopted for all zones for the same dead and live loads. There is an increase of column size for Zone IV and Zone V compared to Zone II and Zone III for the same grav-ity load. The size of columns required are 230x300 & 230x375 for Gravity loads, Zone II and III. But for the same column, size is increased as 230x375 & 230x450 for Zone IV, 230x450 & 230x600 for Zone V.

(b). There is a marginal increase of 5% to 7% overall steel reinforcement requirement for zone II and 10% to 15% of overall steel reinforcement requirement for zone III over gravity load. The variation is not uniform in all columns due to difference in pattern

Design Considerations

Seismic effect on foundation and floor slab in G+2 building may have less effect due to its weight than high rise buildings. Hence, seismic effect on beams and columns alone is compared for G + 2 building. The Dead Load (self weight and finish load), Live load of 1.5KN/sqm is considered for calculation of gravity and earthquake loads. Zone factors for the respective zone, Importance factor I as 1.5, Response factor R as 5 and isolated footing depth of 1.5m is considered in

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of moment and shear due to gravity and seismic loads shown above. In zone IV, even after increase of column size as 230x450, the increase of overall steel reinforcement requirement is 20% to 25% over gravity load reinforcement. Similarly in Zone V, in-crease of column size as 230x600 and the increase of over all steel reinforcement requirement is 30% to 35% over gravity load reinforcement .

Beam Design

(a) The variation of section and reinforcement in beams due to gravity and seismic loads are less compared to columns.

(b) The size of the beam required for gravity load and zone II is 230 x 300 and there is no additional rein-forcement requirements for zone II. The size of the beam required for zone III and zone IV is 230 x 375 and the increase of over all steel reinforcement re-quirement is 5% for zone III and 7% for zone IV over gravity load reinforcement. The size of the beam require for zone IV is 230 x 450 and the increase of increase of over all steel reinforcement requirement is 12% over gravity load reinforcement. The varia-tion is not uniform in all beams due to difference in pattern of moment and shear due to gravity and seismic loads.

Limitations of the Study. A residential building with

simple layout without cantilever projection or floating column and the beams are generally connected with columns, taken for comparison of structural mem-bers. Practically, this configuration may not be followed by many client. The effect is studied for the residential building alone and not studied for commercial building. The similar study may be carriedout for G+ 3 or G+5 to under stand the trend of structural requirements of beams and columns.

Conclusion

The load pattern and behaviour of forces due to gravity and earthquake loads must be clearly under-stood by our Engineers. As Chennai falls under Zone III and many parts of Tamil Nadu fall under Zone II, building of G+2 structure required no size changes but additional requirement of reinforcement over gravity load. Mere increase of 10% to 15% steel reinforcement over gravity load design will not satisfy the seismic re-quirements of a building. Proper seismic design to be performed duly considering zone factors is essential. Otherwise, it may happened that extra reinforcement is provided where there is no requirement and less re-inforcement is provided in many columns. Moreover, detailing of reinforcement as per IS:13920 to meet the earthquake requirements and make the building to be-have in a ductile manner is very important.

March Issue - SUDOKU - ¹î¤¼è¢è£ù õ¤¬ì

SUDOKUApril Issue - SUDOKU - ¹î¤£¢

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• What is Cybernetics.? Cybernetics was founded when Early Man began to think.Modern Cybernetics took its rebirth through an American mathematician Norbert Wiener in1948. Norbert Wiener defined Cy-bernetics as the scientific study of control and com-munication in the animal and the machine. Contem-porary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, logic modeling, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, anthropology, and psychology etc. Modern Cyber-netics is the super science of Interconnectedness. Cybernetics has hundreds of disciplines and it is an expanding science.

• For the present purpose a few topics from Bionics and Logistics will be analysed, all being connected with ants.

• Biology is the science of all living things, Bionics is portmantau – blend- from biology +electronics. Bionics is broadly divided into three groups, as shown below:

works. It was firsrt adopted by the army , port trust & so many other fields.

• Logistics is a discipline of Cybernatics.

Cybernetics for the Builders

1) Logistics

• What Ants Can Tell Us About Logistics :

• Ants have two stomachs, one for its own food and the other is called Social stomach to distribute to its colony.

• How ants navigate the path from a food source to their colony is of interest to logisticians for optimiz-ing supply chains.

• Logistics is useful for Builders for organizing their

5 Qualities to Learn from Ants( This applies to build-ers also )

Always follow your goals through to the endAlways have a good opinion of yourselfAlways make yourself useful to othersAlways anticipateAlways take action responsibly

You know : Ants have division of labour* They are social* They appeared 130 million yrs ago on this plan-et * There are about 12000 species of ants* Ants never sleep. So work like ants.

Er. S.Ramanathan

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Ants & Tunnelling

Ants & Boring&Team work

Ants & Drilling

We learnt from Ants Logistics, Architecture, Tunnelling, Boring, Drilling etc.A Single ant is not intelligent, but an ant colony is very intelligent.All these come under biomimetics.

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Note : (i) For EWS housing development, the minimum plot extent shall be 20 sq.m within city and 40 sq.m. In the rest of CMA, frontage shall be minimum 4 m

(ii) In CBA, there shall be atleast 1 m wide internal passage from rear to front in Ground Floor, directly accessible to road.

Regulations for Special BuildingsS. Ramaprabhu, Joint Secretary

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Note: * In case where the min. required SSB is more than 3.5 m option can be had to leave the min

3.5 m on one side and the remainder of the total of both the min. required SSBs on the other side

** Similarly when minimum required RSB is more than 3.5m option can also be had to leave the min. required 3.5 m on the rear and the reminder of the min. in the front

In case o f residential or predominantly residential developments where dwelling units do not exceed 45 sq. metres in floor area each, additional FSI of 0.25 is allowable over and above normally permissible FSI. The developer or promoter or owner shall sell these small dwellings only for this purpose. No conversion or amalgamation shall be permissible in theses case of lower income group dwellings.

Courtesy : CMDA

to be continued……………

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We request you to patronize the issues by providing your advertisements, to promote your products on our Southern Builder Magazine for the year 2015-16

SOUTHERN BUILDER ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF

Thanking you in anticipation your early response.With regards,

K. VenkatesanHon. Secretary

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Courtesy - SOPCREDAI

CONCRETEDO’S and DON’TS FOR CONCRETE WORK

DO’S DON’TS

1. Pouring of concrete should start from one side1. Don’t permit the concrete without lifeline rope in outer side , OTS, Lift well & duct areas.

2. Check the props any deflection during the concrete2.Don’t disturb the form work during the RMC pipeline fixing.

3.Do the vibrator proper 3.Don’t dump the concrete in one place.

4.Use the tripod stand for holding the RMC horizontal pipe line

4.During vibrating the needle should not touch the reinforcement.

5. Lifeline rope should fix before start the concrete5. Don’t drop concrete in to place freely from a height exceeding 1.5m.

6.Erect and maintain good warning sings 6. Don’t leave signs up when ot required.

7. Protect public and employees from falling objects7.Don’t fire a blast before clearing every one from the danger area.

8. Keep all plant and gear in good working order 8.Don’t forget to wear a protective helmet.

9.Be aware of all electric lines both overhead and underground.

9. Don’t start digging before checking on all under-ground services.

10. Compact all fillings 10.Don’t cause a dust nuisance

11.Seek professional advice if unsure 11.Don’t let drains block

12.Don’t allow hazards to develop

13.Don’t take chances on the weather

14. Take shortcuts or risks.

BRICK WORK / BLOCK WORK

DO’S DON’TS

1. Use the PPEs during the block work 1. Don’ts stack the block/brick in single location

2.Use the equipment to lift the block (Hoist, Crane Wheel Barrow)

2.Don’t permit the labour without PPEs.

3.Use proper equipment to cut the brick / block3. Don’t allow the labours to stroll at the time of the outer wall block work

4.Use the proper scaffolding, more than 1.2m height block work.

Do not start masonry work earlier than 48 hours of casting of concrete

5. Do the honeycombs block work inn lift well

PLASTERING

DO’S DON’TS

1. Use the PPEs during the block work 1 Don’t permit the labour without PPEs

2.Use the proper scaffolding2. Don’t allow the labours to stroll at the time of the outer wall plastering.

3. After the safety personnel assurance, allow to use the scaffolding.

3.Don’t use the scaffolding without proper approval.

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TAXCORNERS. D. Kannan,

Chairman, Taxation Committee

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01.04.2015: ܽõôè 藍¢õ£è¤è÷¢ -2015-16 ðîõ¤«òø¢¹

ñò¢ò ܽõôè 藍¢õ£è¤è÷¢ 2015-16 ñò¢ò ܽõôèî¢î¤ô¢ º¬øð¢ð® îé¢è÷¢ ªð£Áð¢¹è¢è¬÷ ãø¢Á袪è£í¢ìù£¢. Þï¢î ï¤èö¢ê¢ê¤ò¤ô¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ î¬ôõ£¢è÷¢ . R. Þó£î£è¤¼ì¢®íù¢, . M. 裣¢î¢î¤«èòù¢, è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ . J.R. «ê¶ó£ñô¤é¢èñ¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ Dr. D. ¶è¢è£ó£ñ¢, àìù® ºù¢ù£÷¢ ¶¬íî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . L. Í£¢î¢î¤, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . N. ó°ï£îù¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . Mu. «ñ£èù¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . S. Üò¢òï£îù¢, àìù® ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . R. ê¤õ袰ñ££¢ ªêòø¢°¿ ñø¢Áñ¢ ªð£¶è¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ 40袰ñ¢ «ñø¢ð좫죣¢ èô ªè£í¢ìù£¢.

08.04.2015: CPWD

. P.P.ê¦ù¤õ£êù¢ Üõ£¢è÷¢ ºîù¢¬ñ ªð£ø¤ò£÷£¢ - CPWD Ýè ޼ Additional Director General - (SR) - I Ýè ðîõ¤ àò£¢¾ ªðø¢ø¬î ºù¢ù¤ì¢´ àìù® Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ ¶¬íî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . L. Í£¢î¢î¤, ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . O.K. ªêô¢õó£ü¢, ¶¬íî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . C. êî¦û¢ °ñ££¢, è¾óõ ªêòô÷££¢ . K. ªõé¢è«ìêù¢, è¾óõ ªð£¼÷£÷£¢ . K. Üí¢í£ñ¬ô Þ¬íꢪêòô÷££¢ . S. Þó£ñð¢ð¤ó¹ àìù® ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . R. ê¤õ袰ñ££¢, ªêòø¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢ . R. ð¤óõ¦ù¢, ï¤óï¢îó àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢ . P. ªêï¢î¤ô¢ °ñ££¢ Ý褫ò££¢ ñó¤ò£¬î ï¤ñ¤î¢îñ£è «ïó¤ô¢ êï¢î¤î¢¶ Ì颪è£î¢¶ õöé¢è¤. ªð£ù¢ù£¬ì Üí¤õ¤î¢¶ ð£ó£ì¢´ ªîó¤õ¤î¢îù£¢.

17.04.2015: ¹î¤ò ܽõôè î¤ø𢹠õ¤ö£

ïñ¶ ï¤óï¢îó àÁð¢ð¤ùó£ù VGP Housing ꣣¢ð£è ¹î¤ò ܽõôèñ¢ ¬êî£ð¢«ð좬ì, ªêù¢¬ùò¤ô¢ î¤ø ¬õè¢èð¢ðì¢ì¶. ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . O.K. ªêô¢õó£ü¢ ¹î¤ò ܽõôèî î¤ø ¬õ ê¤ø𢹬óò£ø¢ø¤ù££¢. Þï¢î õ¤ö£õ¤ô¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ î¬ôõ£¢ . R. Þó£î£è¤¼ì¢®íù¢ î¬ô¬ñ à¬óò£ø¢ø¤ù££¢. è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ . J.R. «ê¶ó£ñô¤é¢èñ¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ - îñ¤ö¢ï£´ . N. ó°ï£îù¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . Mu. «ñ£èù¢ Ý褫ò££¢ õ£ö¢î¢¶¬ó õöé¢è¤ù£¢. ºù¢ù£÷¢ è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ ì£è¢ì£¢. D. ¶è¢è£ó£ñ¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . S. Üò¢òï£îù¢, «ñô£í¢¬ñ袰¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ . S. èíðî¤ ñø¢Áñ¢ . R. âî¢î¤ó£üù¢ Ýè«ò££¢ èô ªè£í¢´ ê¤øð¢ð¤î¢îù£¢.

18.04.2015: 65õ¶ õ¼ì£ï¢î¤ó ªð£¶è¢°¿è¢Ãì¢ìñ¢

ªîù¢ùè ñò¢òî¢î¤ù¢ ꣣¢ð£è õ¼ì£ï¢î¤ó ªð£¶è¢°¿ Ãì¢ìñ¢ ªêù¢¬ù æì¢ìô¢ ªìè¢è£ù¢ ð¤÷£ú£õ¤ô¢ ï¬ìªðø¢ø¶. Üè¢Ãì¢ìî¢î¤ô¢ 2014-15 Ýí¢®ø¢è£ù õó¾ ªêô¾ ñø¢Áñ¢ ªêòô£÷£¢ Üø¤è¢¬è êñð¢ð¤è¢èð¢ð좴 åð¢¹îô¢ ªðøð¢ðì¢ì¶. ãð¢óô¢ ñ£îñ¢ 18îî¤ Üù¢Á Ýí¢´ Üø¤è¢¬è êñ£¢ð¢ð¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì¶ °ø¤ð¢ð¤ìî¢îè¢è ï¤èö¢ê¢ê¤ò£°ñ¢. Þè¢Ãì¢ìî¢î¤ô¢ ºù¢ù£÷¢ è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ ì£è¢ì£¢. D. ¶è¢è£ó£ñ¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò î¬ôõ£¢ . M. 裣¢î¢î¤«èòù¢, ªð£¶è¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢ ì£è¢ì£¢. L. ê£ï¢î袰ñ££¢, è£ð¢ð£÷£¢ . J.R. «ê¶ó£ñô¤é¢èñ¢, «ñô£í¢¬ñ袰¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ . S. èíðî¤, . R. âî¢î¤ó£üù¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . N. ó°ï£îù¢,, ñò¢ò¬íî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . C. êî¦û¢ °ñ££¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢

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. Mu. «ñ£èù¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ î¬ôõ£¢ .R. Þó£î£è¤¼ì¢®íù¢ Ý褫ò££¢ èìï¢î Ýí¢´ Íù¢Á ñ¤è𢠪ðó¤ò èí¢è£ì¢ê¤è÷¢ ( House Hunt Expo-2014. BAICON - 2015, BAIMAT -2015) ñø¢Áñ¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò «ñô£í¢¬ñ ñø¢Áñ¢ ªð£¶è¢°¿è¢ Ãì¢ìñ¢, «ð£ì¢®ò¤ù¢ø¤ å¼ ñùî£è ï¬ìªðø¢ø «î£¢îô¢ ñ¤è ºè¢è¤ò ï¤èö¢ê¢ê¤ò£è ñò¢òî¢î¤ø¢è£è ªê£ï¢î Þìñ¢ õ£é¢èð¢ðì¢ì¶ âù¢ðîø¢è£è ܽõôè 藍¢õ£è¤è¬÷ ð£ó£ì¢®ð¢«ðê¤ù£¢. ð£ó£ì¢´è¢è¬÷ ãø¢Á袪è£í¢ì àìù® ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . R. ê¤õ袰ñ££¢ Þï¢î ªõø¢ø¤èÀ袪èô¢ô£ñ¢ è£óíñ¢ Íî¢î î¬ôõ£¢è÷¤ù¢ õö¤è£ì¢´î½ñ¢ ܽõôè 藍¢õ£è¤è÷¤ù¢ Üòó£î à¬öð¢¹ñ¢, ªêòø¢°¿, ªð£¶è¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ ¶¬í袰¿î¢ î¬ôõ£¢è÷¢ Ý褫ò£ó¤ù¢ ïô¢ Ýîó¾ñ¢î£ù¢ âù¢Áñ¢ Ãø¤ù££¢. ºè¢è¤òñ£è ï¤ôñ¢ õ£é¢è¤ò¶ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ î¬ôõ£¢ . R. Þó£î£è¤¼ì¢®íù¢ Üõ£¢è÷¤ù¢ õ¤ì£ ºòø¢ê¤»ñ¢ Üîø¢° àÁ¶¬íò£è ޼ àîõ¤ò ܬùõ¼è¢°ñ¢ ïù¢ø¤ Ãø¤ù££¢.

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꣣¢ð£è Üõ¼è¢° 郎ù¾ð¢ ðó¤² õöé¢è¤ è¾óõ¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì¶.

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30.04.2015: Business Opportunity Seminar

Asian Development Bank - àìù¢ Interna-tional Business Opportunities êñ¢ðï¢îñ£è å¼ ï£÷¢ è¼î¢îó颰 æì¢ìô¢ ýòî¢ ó¦ªüù¢ú¤, ªêù¢¬ùò¤ô¢ ï¬ìªðø¢ø¶. Þî¤ô¢ Üè¤ô Þï¢î¤ò ºù¢ù£÷¢ î¬ôõ£¢ . R. Þó£î£è¤¼ì¢®íù¢, ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . O.K. ªêô¢õó£ü¢, ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . N. ó°ï£îù¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñ£ï¤ôî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . Mu. «ñ£èù¢, ºù¢ù£÷¢ ñò¢òî¢î¬ôõ£¢ . S. Üò¢òï£îù¢, «ñô£í¢¬ñ袰¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ . S.D. èí¢íù¢, ªð£¶è¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ . M. ó£«üû¢, . P. Üù¢ðöèù¢, . N.G. «ô£èï£îù¢, . M. ªüò¢êé¢è£¢, . J. 藍¢ñô¢êï¢î¢, . T.M.S. ê¤õ袰ñ££¢, . A.N. ð£ô£ü¤, . M.A. «ü²ó£üù¢, . M.N. ð£ô²ï¢îóñ¢, ªêòø¢°¿ àÁð¢ð¤ù£¢è÷¢ - . R. 𣣢î¢î¤ðù¢, . S. ªüòó£ñù¢, P&C ï¤Áõù Þò袰ù£¢ . C. ê¤õ袰ñ££¢, N. Ramalingam Construction 藍¢õ£è Þò袰 . N. Þó£ñô¤é¢èñ¢, PPS Con-struction ï¤Áõùîê¢ «ê£¢ï¢î . ð¤ó¹ èí¢íù¢ Ý褫ò££¢ èô ªè£í¢ìù£¢.

“THEME FOR PLATINUM JUBILEE CELEBRATION

BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BULAND BHARAT”

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A. Selection of a site from safety point of view:

Site should be free from any obstruction on ground surface, underground or overhead which shall come in the way of construction of a building. Underground wa-ter mains, sewer lines, Communication cables, Electri-cal posts or overhead high tension power communi-cation lines and their supporting towers etc, etc, may pose a serious problem of safety at any time.

For high-rise building, it should be free from aerial clearance restrictions for free air flights.

It should not be in low lying, water logged, land slide and high pollution prone area

It should have firm soil

It should be preferably plain or having gentle slope

Proximity to the periphery of a water tank or a water reservoir or a deep stream / nallah should be avoided.

B. Safety Precautions for Building as a Structure:

One should be very careful while planning a struc-ture in earthquake affected zone

Structure should be safe against settlement, foun-dation pressure and overturning with a factor of safety. It should be safe for thermal effects also

Every member of a structure should be designed and constructed in a proper way. It should be safe during its execution, erection and in service.

In case the structure is situated in a cyclone prone zone, additional precautions need to be taken in those aspects in a manner specified for the purpose. Indian Standard IS:875-1987(Part 3) specifies the wind loads to be considered in cyclone prone areas for design of a building.

C. Safety Precautions Against Overloading Of Struc-ture:

1. Indian Standard 875-1987 (Part I) specifies unit

loads of constructions materials and construction ele-ment for working out of dead loads to be considered in structural design of members of a building. Similarly Indian Standard 875-1987 (Part II) specifies imposed live loads to be considered for various uses for which a building is constructed. They vary from use to use of a building. Therefore if a building is designed for an imposed load of residential purpose, it should not be used for commercial purpose. For example as per this standard imposed live load for residential unit is 200Kg/ m2 and imposed live load for a banking unit 300kg/m2 i.e 1.5 times. Thus if a banking unit is housed in a residential unit it gets overloaded and structural is made unsafe. There are certain structural stipulation for strong room of a bank. These stipulations also add to the normal loads in a residential unit.

2. Roof gardens and terrace swimming pools: They are items where overloading of structure takes place. Normally no apartment buildings are supposed to have garden and swimming pools on terrace and in such case builder must be asked for Municipal Sanction for such works. Unauthorised construction of roof gardens and terrace swimming pools are serious man-made sources of distress in a building. In case of adding floor to an existing building, the existing building gets over loading. This should be examined carefully whether ex-isting structure is capable of taking additional load and Municipal Sanction for raising is sought. Pent house also comes in that category

D. Safety Precautions against Lightening:

For high-rise building and particularly such isolated multi-storeyed building which are higher in comparison to other buildings in a locality, a lightening conductor must be provided as a safeguard to prevent lighten-ing damage to such buildings. It should be property earthed, the earthing wire should pass through a PVC conduit and should never run bare.

The reinforcing steel which is left open in space for vertical or horizontal extension of a building in a future

Dr. D Thukkaram

Precautions to be Taken for Safety of Apartment Buildings and Safety of its Residents

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date is also susceptible to attract lightening towards it and damage the building structurally. Hence expo-sure of such reinforcing steel must be covered by lean concrete which can be dismantled at the time when extension is physically taken up

E. Safety Precautions against Earthquakes:

Don’t keep any article hanging on walls-keep them fixed to the wall. Loose articles hit as missiles during earthquake

Never place heavy object on loft. Put them down on floor on getting a warning by light tremour of earth-quake Switch off gas, water and electricity. Use tele-phone only for emergency purpose.

Keep cupboards locked. Don’t stay near windows or glass partitions. Be nearer to doorways to escape. Wear shoes to move around over pricking fallen materi-al Take shelter under a table or desk to avoid direct hits. Cover your head and neck with your arms.

Give attention on radio and television for public in-structions.

Have emergency telephone numbers available with you.

If you are outside a building, stand away from build-ings, trees, telephone or electrical lines

If you are on road, be away from under-passes and over-passes, stop your vehicle to safe area, stay in your vehicle.

Don’t get panicky, be calm, don’t spread rumours

Don’t turn on electrical switches, or light candle with matchstick. It may ignite leaking gas to turn into fire.

Use only flash lights

If you are in a seat in a theatre or stadium, get below the level of the back of your seat and cover your head and neck with your arms

Try to be away from kitchen or garages where there are many loose articles which shall turn as missiles during earthquake

Be prepared for many after-shocks after an earth-quake. These after-shocks are dangerous because they cause the things (those which are weakened in first earthquake) to fall down

Keep yourself in a calm way; keep a note of the se-quence in which the building is damaged during earth-quake. Observe the location and pattern of cracks/ col-

lapse occurred. A proper study of these observations can be utilized to know weaker spots in the building. This information can be effectively used for a remedial measure to rectify defects occurred in a building due to earthquake. Detailed structural drawings of a building particularly high-rise and apartments complex building shall be very informative for strengthening a building after damage occurred due to earthquake. As such these structural drawing and the modifications made in those details after earthquake during remedial mea-sure must be retained in safe custody for the lifespan of the building. It shall be helpful to know the efficacy of the remedial measures taken in the next earthquake in future.

F. Safety Precautions Against Fire:

There is one THE ANDHRA PRADESH FIRE SER-VICE ACT, 1999. In that, there is one clause No. 13 in connection with apartment building in this respect which is reproduced as under:

Clause 13. Issue of no objection certificate. [1. Any person proposing to construct a high-rise building or a building proposed to be used for any purpose other than residential purpose, or a building proposed to be used for residential purpose of more than 15 ‘metres in height such as group housing, multi-storey flats, work-up apartments etc, shall apply to the Director General or any member of the service duly authorized by him in his behalf, before submission of such building plans to the authority or officer competent to approve the same under the relevant law, for the time being in force, for a no objection certificate along with such fee as may be prescribed].

What this provision means? It means that special stipulations are needed when height of a residential building exceeds 15 metres. For example if an existing building of 1 G+ 4 floors is raised by one additional floor it becomes more than 15 metres in height and becomes very risky from point of view of fire. Then ex-isting floors have also to cater for all the prescribed stipulations of precaution against fire. A building which has height of 15 metres or more from the surface level of land contiguous to the building is taken as High-Rise Building. The stipulations for fire protection or fire fight-ing are available in Part IV of National Building Code of India 1983 and also in Section 15 of A.P. Apartments (Promotion of Construction & Ownership) ACT 1987 Rules for high-rise building. It covers special features in respect of (1) building material (2) staircase enclo-sures (3)lift enclosures (4) External windows (5) com-partmentations (6) service ducts (7) Refuse Chutes & Refuse Chambers (8) requirement for building service

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such as static tanks etc.

From this one can visualize the implication of raising the existing building to a height of 15 metres or more besides extra load to the existing structure

Under “THE BHAGYANAGAR URBAN DEVELOP-MENT AUTHORITY ZONING REGULATIONS 1981” premises situated under jurisdiction of Municipal Cor-poration of Hyderabad have been classified in six zones, they are classified as under.

C-l Purely Residential Zone-R1

C-2 Residential Zone with shop line at Ground Floor-R2

C-3 Local Commercial Area/Zone-C1

C-4 District Commercial ArealZone-C2

C-5 General Commercial ArealZone-C3

C-6 Service Industries Zone 11

Under class C-2 Residential Zone with shoplines at Ground Floor-R2 stipulations are as under:

(a) Additional use of land permissible shall be restrict-ed to a depth of 7.5m measured from building line with maximum area of 50 Sq.m unless otherwise stipulated; and only on the ground floor of the build-ing in the front portion abutting the street on which the shop line is marked with access from front;

(b) Where the building or premises abuts two or more streets no direct opening of such shop shall be per-missible on the street on which no shopping line is marked

(c) All goods which are permitted in shop line of an apartment building are briefly given below:

Activities which are permitted in shop line of an apartment building are briefly given below:

C.2.2.1 Use provisions:

(i) Personal service establishments;

(ii) Hat and shoe repair;

(iii) Professional Service Offices;

(iv) Tailor shop;

(v) Cleaning and pressing establishments;

(vi) Shops of gold smiths, lock smiths, watch and lock repair, optical glass grinding and repair, picture framing etc.,

(vii) Restaurants, eating houses, cafeteria, ice cream and milk bars with area not exceeding 100 Sq.m.;

(viii) Bakeries with no floor above and not occupying for production and not employing more than 9 per-sons, provided that the power requirement does not exceed 4KW;

(ix) Sale of eatables;

(x) Printing press;

(xi) Trade Schools not involving any danger of fire or ex-plosion, smoke, offensive noise, dust, odour, glaze, heat etc;

(xii) Repairing garages;

(xiii) Floor mills;

(xiv) Vegetable, fruit, flower, fish or meet shop;

(xv) Battery charging;

(xvi) Photographic studio & laboratory;

(xvii) Show room for distribution and sale of L.P.G Gas;

(xviii) Coal, fire wood shop with special written permis-sion from MCH;

(xix) Community centres;

(xx) Accessory uses customarily incidential to any per-mitted principal use with special written permission for storage use;

What we can conclude from the above list?

(i) Bakeries are not permitted in shop lines of apart-ment building-main reason for this restriction may be safeguard against fire hazard. If such shops ex-ist in shop line of an apartment building Owners’ Society should ensure that such shop only sells ready made bakery products under item IX and does not prepare or manufacture bakery products such as pizza, cakes etc, in the premises. Their as-surance given to M.C.H in this regard may be seen and effective implementation may be watched for the safety of occupants in its upper floors against fire hazard

(ii) The above mentioned list of activities in shop line doesn’t include Commercial Bank establishments. It permits only professional service offices such as consultants, room, corporate office, auditor’s office etc. and not Commercial Bank. Society should be aware of the activities going on in the shops of shop line and also should know whether such activity is permitted in apartment building.

Under item 1. Barber’s shop, shoe repairing, Kirana shop etc. is permitted

Even Section 25 of A.P. Apartments (Promotion of Construction & Ownership) Act 1987 says:

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25, “Owner of apartments to provide fire preven-tive devices. Every owner of an apartment in a build-ing consisting of a ground floor, together with three or more floors on it shall be required to provide all the fire preventive devices in consultation with the Direc-tor General of Fire Services in the manner prescribed”. Fire alarms are a step in that direction.

G. Safety Against Ecological Pollution:

Even for independent residential premises, there is a restriction on the type of service Industries establish-ment.

Stipulations given in the zoning regulations in this regard are as under.

Schedule for service industries: Permitted in R2 & Cl II 12. Manufacture of Bidi

(i) No power to be used (ii) Maximum persons to be employed: as permitted by

M.C.H (iii) Maximum floor area .... 250 Sq.m.

Owners’ Society should keep about these stipula-tions in its view and verify from time to time to keep pollution degree within allowable limit and safegard interest of residents of Apartment. The infusion of to-bacco particles in environment works as a silent killer in the long run of time.

In apartment building, while planning the layout of the building, wide ducts are provided at every two adjacent flats through out the height of the building. These ducts are open from one side and covered with translucent P. V.C. sheet on top of duct. These ducts are planned with a intention to have better ventilation to adjoining flats. They have little projections of slabs/beams at every floor level. These location become a very comfortable seat/abode for pigeons to live in. They breed their young ones and pass their stool daily at such spots and also this falls down and collects at ground floor. Environment becomes stinky and unbear-able. One has to close windows to get rid of this nui-sance. Therefore in planning and construction stage itself such ducts must be covered with weld mush from the open side of the ducts to have healthy environment from window side.

H. Safety Precautions Against Fireworks Hazards

Do fireworks activities in an open space and not in-side a building.

A responsible adult is a must when children play fireworks.

Never give fireworks items to children to ignite them rather an adult should ignite it and then hand over to child only if he is ready to handle it. Don’t compel him to handle if, he is not willing to hold it.

Get away to a safe distance after igniting the fire-works. Adult know it but children are to be told of in this respect.

Have water handy to use it immediately when need-ed. Never make fireworks of your own and then experi-ment it openly. Have fireworks of standard quality.

Light only one firework at a time. Don’t put two or more at a time only for enjoying its burst and sound.

Please be doubly sure that ignited item is not ignit-ed at all before you try to re-ignite it.

Store fireworks item in a cool and dry place.

Bring only that much stock which you can consume for an occasion. Exhaust all fire work items on that oc-casion. Don’t store part of it for next time to use.

Wear shoes or chappal while playing firework. Don’t be barefooted.

Despose of used firework item safely.

Never direct or throw fireworks on any person standing near you.

Never carry firework item in your pocket. Never shoot them from a metal or glass container. Listen to radio/television for precaution to be taken

for playing fireworks during festival days. Protect yourself specially your eyes very cautiously

& carefully. In case of minor burns on skin due to fire-works pour cold water/ apply lime water/coconut oil/ burnol depending upon degree of burn. For major inju-ry consult doctor.

Never wear synthetic clothes while playing fireworks

I. Safety Precautions Against Electrical Hazards

We have heard about fire hazard in UPHAR theatre at Delhi a few year back due to electrical short-circuit. Such happening are reported from Durga Puja Pandals during festival seasons. This happened only because of negligence on the part of owner/organiser of festival. One should give such works to only qualified persons.

Wiring also gets old with time and need replace-ment at an interval of twelve to fifteen years. Wiring must be put inside efficient, leak-proof PVC conduit.

Proper earthing must be done. Wires should not be allowed to hang and touch Each other. Concealed wiring through conduits in R.C.C slabs need special

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care-specially in kitchen, toilet and bathroom. They are the places where use of water is more and therefore water may come in contact with live wiring, thereby short circuiting and spreading of current is not un-usual. Generally water leakage is observed along the alignment of these conduits in floor slab below toilet, bathroom and kitchen. Hence placement of electrical conduit in correct location at mid-depth of floor slab is a must. Similarly cracks are observed in walls also along the alignment of electrical conduits. This also can be avoided by proper placement, fixing of electri-cal conduits in walls.

J. Safety Precautions Against Termites and White Ants

1. Some times selected site for a building is infested with termites. In such cases, it is a good practice to give to the soil of the site an anti-termite treatment before start of construction of building. This makes the site free from termite nuisance to be faced at a later date.

2. In due course of time untreated/unseasoned wood-work of a building gets affected by attack of white ants. Powder of wood peels off from the wood and it clearly indicates the attack of white ants. At this initial stage itself corrective treatment must be giv-en to affected woodwork. Number of products are available in market in this field. Even regular spray of mosquito killer like HIT, Baygon / Flit works well to kill white ants attacking wooden doors and win-dows.

K. Safety Precautions Against L.P. Gas Leakage:

1. Use tube of ISI mark only.

2. Replace tube at an interval of 2 years or earlier de-pending upon its condition in use.

3. Limit use of gas on its HIGH DELIVERY sparingly and switch to ‘sim’ next.

4. Some body’s continuous presence is needed when stove is ‘ON’.

5. Don’t try to open lid of cooker till pressure inside subsides.

6. Keep burner clean.

7. Don’t put any shelves in wall over kitchen platform.

8. Keep cooking platform clean of any oil spread.

9. Switch off knob of gas cylinder before you go to bed in the night every day.

10. If any gas leakage smell is experienced, switch off

knob of gas cylinder. In such case, in the night, don’t switch on electrical switch or don’t light can-dle or match stick. Use flash lights only.]

11. While removing and fixing regular from gap cylinder be careful.

12. Keep Emergency call number of telephone avail-able with you readily.

L. Safety Insurance against Natural Calamities and Thefts:

The section 23 of A.P.Apartments (Promotion of Construction & Ownership) ACT 1987 in this regard is as under:

2. INSUARANCE: The manager or board of manag-ers of an association of apartment owners, shall have authority to, and shall obtain insurance coverage for the property against loss or damage by fire and such other hazards under such terms and for such amounts as shall be required. Such insurance shall be in the name of the manager or the board of managers of the asso-ciation of the apartment owners as trustee for each of the apartment owner in the percentage established in the declaration. Here two parts are involved. First part is exclusive property of owner i.e. apartment limited common area. For both these items owner has paid money to the promoter. Therefore his share in the pre-mium amount shall be in the proportion of value of his exclusive ownership property to the total value of the complex and its assets. In this case share in the pre-mium amount shall not be uniform for all apartment. It shall differ with respect to (i) area of apartment, (ii) area of limited common area. (iii) whether self occupied, (iv) tenant occupied or (v) is commercial unit. Owner of a commercial apartment has to share maximum.

Second part of it is, the articles to be insured. In this respect Society doesn’t come into picture. Respective owner can do insurance of value of articles he desires to do and payment of such insurance shall be done by owner himself.

We don’t know which calamity will Prevail at Which Time. Therefore be wise to get Apartment Insured in time without any further delay.

M. Hazards of Mobile Communication

Transmission Towers:

They may come in the way of required clearance in height for aviation of air Flights near airports. In the night they have to exhibit Red light signal.

If the tower is not property earthed or the earthing

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becomes ineffective due to any cause, it may attract lightening and damage the tower as well the building also.

The building proper on which the tower shall be housed shall get overloaded and for which check is necessary from structural considerations. In most of the buildings structural details are not available. If any control room is to be provided near the tower on terrace, first the adequacy of the existing structure to carry additional load to be ascertained and municipal sanction is also to be obtained. If many number of towers are to be put on the same terrace, the problem multiplies.

It creates a security problem in the residential area of the apartment building Where only residents of the building are allowed to make use. Staff manning The tower has to use staircases of residential area to go up to the top at terrace and to come down every time. It becomes difficult to keep a track of those who are going up and down to terrace. It shall become a secu-rity nuisance in due course of time. In any apartment buildings exit and entry for residential Segment is com-pletely isolated from exit and entry to the shopping segment. From that consideration also the proposal to have tower on roof of apartment Building is not justi-fied,

As per memorandum of a registered society, a cer-tification is made that Society shall not enter into any commercial activity. Entering into an Agreement to have a mobile communication transmission tower on the building on monthly payment basis is a commercial activity which goes against the Declaration given by a registered Society while executing its registration with the Registrar.

Worst and most important aspect of it is that exis-tence of a net work of mobile Communication trans-mission system through a tower on a building is inju-rious to the health of residents because of ill effect of its electro-magnetic Radiation emission. Electro-mag-netic waves of such networks have frequency of 0.8 to

0.9 x109 Hertzs while a human body can have these waves up to frequency of 4 to 16 Hertzs only. Normal human body has 7.83 hertzs. Hence high frequency of electro-magnetic radiation create sleeplessness, uneasiness, headache, fear, anxiety and depression in residents of such buildings. These waves work silently on the health adversely and doctor’s bill goes up with-out knowing the root cause of their sickness. Develop-ment of Brain Tumor and Cancer are growth of cells is also resorted.

N. Building below H.T. power lines;

Such situation must be avoided. Number of cas-es are reported where five took place due to sparks created by H. T. power lines passing over a building. The lowest of such wires must be at least three me-tres away from the building periphery and should never pass over the building proper.

O. Compound Wall:

Building should have two metre high pucca com-pound wall with half metre High barbed wire fencing over it. Compound wall must have only one gate on important road side.

P. Watch and ward security:

24 hrs, watch and ward security must be provided for all apartments buildings, Visitors’ Register must be maintained at entry. Visitors telephone number must be entered in this register. This is besides other details.

Q. Credentials of Workers Linked with Apartments of Complex:

All particulars of paid staff of Society, maid servant, news paper vendors, Dhobi, milkmen, house servants residing in flats must be available with Society along with their stamp size photographs with signatures. This Information help much in carrying out investigation of any criminal act if took place in apartment buildings.

Courtesy: The Masterbuilder